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Rwanda Commercial

Supreme Court

KALISA v. BPR

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Professional case brief

Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The Supreme Court found that the version of the loan agreement presented by Kalisa, which did not contain unauthorized alterations, was binding. BPR unilaterally altered the contract without Kalisa's consent, breaching the agreement. Kalisa was not entitled to damages as he failed to prove actual loss or causation. BPR's counterclaim was inadmissible as it was filed out of time. Kalisa was ordered to pay the outstanding loan balance, deducting amounts already paid.

Court disposition

Appeal partially allowed; cross-appeal dismissed.

Orders

  • Kalisa to pay BPR 10,000,000 Frw as outstanding loan principal.
  • BPR to pay 31,900 Frw in court costs within eight days or face enforcement.

02

Material facts

Parties

Kalisa Dominique

Applicant Counsel: Me Hakizimana Théogène

Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR)

Respondent Counsel: Me Rwakayija John

Amounts and remedies

  • Original Loan Amount: Frw 15,000,000
  • Monthly Installment (bpr Version): Frw 625,000
  • Monthly Installment (kalisa Version): Frw 312,500
  • Outstanding Principal Ordered to Be Paid: Frw 10,000,000
  • Court Costs Ordered Against BPR: Frw 31,900
  • Damages Claimed by Kalisa: Frw 133,200,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Commercial Appeal / Supreme Court Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Kalisa argued that evidence used by the lower court was submitted in violation of procedural rules, that the court gave weight to a contract version containing errors while disregarding the correct version, and that he was entitled to damages for losses caused by BPR's unilateral actions.
Respondent
BPR argued the appeal was baseless, that Kalisa had accepted the repayment terms by his conduct, that the evidence was properly submitted, and that Kalisa owed the outstanding loan and should pay damages and legal fees.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Article 352, Law No. 21/2012 of 14/06/2012

    Defence submissions must be filed and served within 14 days of summons receipt.

  2. 02

    Article 357, Law No. 21/2012 of 14/06/2012

    Counterclaims must be filed in writing before the close of the preliminary hearing.

  3. 03

    Article 64, Law No. 45/2011 of 25/11/2011

    Contracts made in accordance with the law are binding and must be performed in good faith.

  4. 04

    Article 258, Law of 30/07/1888

    A party causing harm to another through unlawful acts must compensate for damages caused.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The Supreme Court found that the version of the loan agreement presented by Kalisa, which did not contain unauthorized alterations, was binding. BPR unilaterally altered the contract without Kalisa's consent, breaching the agreement. Kalisa was not entitled to damages as he failed to prove actual loss or causation. BPR's counterclaim was inadmissible as it was filed out of time. Kalisa was ordered to pay the outstanding loan balance, deducting amounts already paid.

Obiter and limits

  • A party cannot rely on a contract alteration it made unilaterally without the other party's consent.
  • Damages are not awarded without proof of actual loss and causation.

Court disposition

Appeal partially allowed; cross-appeal dismissed.

  • Kalisa to pay BPR 10,000,000 Frw as outstanding loan principal.
  • BPR to pay 31,900 Frw in court costs within eight days or face enforcement.

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court · 29 July 2011

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court

Commercial· 29 July 2011

RCOMA 0055/11/CS

KALISA v. BPR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-07-29 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0055/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

Text

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KALISA v. BPR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0055/11/CS (Havugiyaremye, P.J., Mukandamage na Kayitesi R, J.) 14 Werurwe 2014] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Imyanzuro yo kwiregura – Itangwa ry’ikirego cyo kwiregura – Igihe cyo gushyikiriza imyanzuro yo kwiregura urega – Imyanzuro y’uwiregura yohererezwa urukiko, urega akagenerwa kopi, bitarenze iminsi cumi n’ine (14) uhereye ku munsi uregwa yakiriye urwandiko rw’ihamagara – Ikirego kiregera kwiregura no kurega uwishingiye bikorwa mu buryo bwanditse mbere yo kurangiza iburanisha ry’ibanze – Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo 352 niya 357. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo – Guhinduka kwa bimwe mu bigize amasezerano abayagiranye batabyumvikanyeho – Amasezerano abera itegeko abayagiranye kandi agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya bityo rero iyo amasezerano ahinduwe ntabwumvikane bwabayeho nta agaciro ahabwa – Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigena amasezerano, ingingo 64. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomaka ku impaka zavutse hagati BPR na Kalisa ziturutse ku amasezerano y’inguzanyo y’ubwubatsi bagiranye aho BPR yavugaga ko iyo nguzanyo yagombaga kwishyurwa mu gihe cya amezi 24 akajya atanga imigabane ya 625.000Frw naho Kalisa we akavuga ko yari kuyishyura mu gihe cya

amezi 48 agatanga imigabane ya 312.000Frw. Uko kutumvikana kwatumye Kalisa aragera Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba iseswa ryayo masezerano kubera ko BPR yagiye yiyishyura amafaranga menshi iyavana kuri konti ye mu buryo batasezeranye, bituma ananirwa kwishyura umwenda, ndetse ananirwa no gukoresha imodoka ze ebyiri zagombaga kuvamo ubwishyu, bimutera igihombo asabira indishyi, akanasaba ko BPR imwishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. Urwo rukiko rwemeje ko Kalisa yemeraga amasezerano yo kwishyura mu gihe cy’amezi 24 kuko yshyuraga 625.000Frw mu gihe cya amezi umunani kandi nta kimenyetso agaragaza ko yashyizweho agahato na banki kugirango yishyure ayo mafaranga; rwamutegetse ko agomba gutanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka naho kubijyanye n’ikirego kigamije kwiregura kikaba kitakiriwe kuko cyatanzwe imburagihe. Kalisa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko hari ibimenyetso byatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko byatanzwe mu gihe cy’iburanisha urubanza mu mizi ariko bishingirwaho mu guca rubanza; ko urukiko rwagaragaje ko hari amasezerano atandukanye maze ruha agaciro arimo ikosa hanyuma atarimo ikosa rutatesha agaciro. Asoza asaba ko yagenerwa indishyi zose yaregeye ariko ntazihabwe, BPR ikanahatirwa kuzishyura. BPR ivuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko ahubwo ikirego cyayo yatanze kigamije kwiregura isaba ko Kalisa yayishyura umwenda ayibereyemo cyakwakirwa kigasuzumwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Imyanzuro y’uwiregura igomba kugirwa n’ibisobanuro ku by’aregwa no ku ngingo ishingiyeho. Iyo myanzuro y’uwiregura yohererezwa urukiko, urega akagenerwa

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kopi, bitarenze iminsi cumi n’ine (14) uhereye ku munsi uregwa yakiriye urwandiko rw’ihamagara nkuko bigaragara rero mu rubanza Kalisa akaba yarabonye igihe gihagije cyo kubona imyanzuro mbere y’iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi bityo rero ibyo asaba ko ibimenyetso bimwe byashingiweho n’urukiko byateshwa agaciro kuko byatanzwe mu buryo binyuranije n’iyo ngingo nta shingiro byahabwa.

2. Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko kubayagiranye agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya bityo BPR ikaba itarashoboraga gusiba bimwe mu biyakubiyemo ngo iyahindure Kalisa atabimenyeshejwe ngo abyemere bituma rero inyandiko y’amasezerano Kalisa yatanze mu rukiko ariyo igomba guhabwa agaciro kuko yo itagaragaramo ikosa, kandi BPR ntiyigeze iregera ko ari impimbano ku buryo yateshwa agaciro.

3. Nta ndishyi zigenwa n’Urukiko ugihe uzisaba atagaragaza ibimenyetso zibyo yangirijwe.

4. Ikirego kiregera kwiregura no kurega uwishingiye bikorwa mu buryo bwanditse mbere yo kurangiza iburanisha ry’ibanze kuba rero ikirego kiregera kwiregura cya BPR cyaratanzwe gikererewe nticyakirwe, nticyakwakirwa ku urwego rw’ubujurire. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza ahererye kuri BPR. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo 352 niya 357. Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigena amasezerano, ingingo 64 Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] BPR yagiranye na Kalisa Dominique amasezerano y’inguzanyo y’ubwubatsi ya 15.000.000 Frw, ikavuga ko ayo mafaranga yagombaga kuyishyura mu mezi 24, akajya atanga umugabane wa 625.000 Frw ku kwezi, naho Kalisa akavuga ko yari kuyishyura mu mezi 48, akajya atanga 312.500 Frw ku kwezi. [2] Nyuma yo kutumvikana Kalisa yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, asaba ko ayo masezerano aseswa kubera ko BPR yagiye yiyishyura amafaranga menshi iyavana kuri konti ye mu buryo batasezeranye, bituma ananirwa kwishyura umwenda, ndetse ananirwa no gukoresha imodoka ze ebyiri zagombaga kuvamo ubwishyu, bimutera igihombo asabira indishyi zingana na 133.200.000 Frw, akanasaba ko BPR imwishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka.

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[3] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi yaregeye rwemeje ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kubera ko rwasanze hari amasezerano abiri atandukanye, muri amwe havugwa ko Kalisa azishyura mu mezi 48 (contrat igaragazwa na Kalisa) naho mu yandi hari ibyakosowe n’ikaramu handikwa ko azishyura mu mezi 24 (contrat itangwa na banki), akaba yarubahirije ayo masezerano ateganya kwishyura mu mezi 24 kuko yagiye yishyura amafaranga 625.000 mu gihe cy’amezi 8, bigaragaza ko yayemeraga, ko rero atagomba kwitwaza ikosa ryakozwe na banki ngo ahindure amasezerano, ko kandi nta kimenyetso agaragaza ko yashyizweho agahato na banki kugirango yishyure ayo mafaranga. [4] Urukiko rwamutegetse kwishyura BPR 50.000 Frw y’indishyi zo kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu na 300.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka, naho ku byerekeye ikirego kigamije kwiregura cyatanzwe na BPR isaba ko Kalisa yishyura umwenda ayibereyemo, urukiko ntirwacyakiriye kubera ko cyatanzwe gikererewe igihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi. [5] Kalisa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko hari ibimenyetso byatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko ariko rubishingiraho ruca urubanza. Avuga na none ko urukiko rwagaragaje ko hari amasezerano abiri atandukanye, amwe arimo ikosa ruyaha agaciro, maze atarimo ikosa ruyatesha agaciro nta mpamvu. Asaba kandi ko yagenerwa indishyi zose yaregeye ariko ntazihabwe, BPR ikanahatirwa kuzishyura (astreinte). [6] BPR

ivuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko ahubwo ikirego cyayo yatanze kigamije kwiregura isaba ko Kalisa yayishyura umwenda ayibereyemo cyakwakirwa kigasuzumwa. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame tariki ya 11/02/2014, Kalisa Dominique aburanirwa na Me Hakizimana Théogène, BPR iburanirwa na Me Rwakayija John. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya niba ibimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiweho byaratanzwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko. [8] Me Hakizimana uburanira Kalisa avuga ko hari ibimenyetso bigizwe n’icyemezo cyo kwinjira mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi mfatirwahamwe ku nguzanyo na fotokopi y’agatabo ke ko kuzigama kerekana ko yishyuraga amafaranga menshi, byatanzwe na BPR igihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi ubwo yasobanuraga ikirego cyayo kigamije kwiregura, aho gutangirwa mu iburanisha ry’ibanze (audience préliminaire) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 352 y’Itegeko nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Avuga ko Kalisa yasabye kubyireguraho ariko urukiko rurabyanga, nyuma biramutsinda nk’uko bigaragara ku gika cya 6 n’icya 7 cy’urubanza, agasaba ko ibyo bimenyetso byateshwa agaciro hagasigara haburanishwa gusa amasezerano. [9] Me Rwakayija uburanira BPR avuga ko ibyo mugenzi we avuga atabitangira ibimenyetso, ko mu rukiko rubanza Kalisa yemeye akaburana kandi yari afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko urubanza rusubikwa akabanza agasuzuma ibyo bimenyetso.

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[10] Avuga na none ko muri urwo rukiko, Kalisa yabajijwe impamvu yishyuraga amafaranga menshi (625.000 Frw) ashingiye ku masezerano ateganya ko azishyura mu mezi 24, kandi azi neza ko afite amasezerano ateganya ko azishyura mu mezi 48, asubiza ko Banki yamushyizeho agahato atabashije gusobanura. Asanga rero icyemezo cy’ubwishingizi hamwe n’amafishi yishyuriragaho ari ibimenyetso bigaragaza uburyo yishyuye, ko kandi ibyo bimenyetso byatanzwe mbere y’iburanisha, akaba yarashoboraga kubyireguraho.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 352 y’itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “imyanzuro y’uwiregura igomba kugirwa n’ibisobanuro ku by’aregwa no ku ngingo ishingiyeho. Iyo myanzuro y’uwiregura yohererezwa urukiko, urega akagenerwa kopi, bitarenze iminsi cumi n’ine (14) uhereye ku munsi uregwa yakiriye urwandiko rw’ihamagara. Kopi igenewe urega ayishyikirizwa n’uregwa iyo bishoboka, umwanditsi w’urukiko cyangwa umuhesha w’inkiko”. [12] Inyandiko mvugo z’iburanisha ziri muri dosiye zigaragaza ko imyanzuro ya BPR nk’uregwa yatanzwe mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 17/06/2010, urubanza rwimurirwa kuwa 9/9/2010, uwo munsi nabwo rwimurirwa tariki ya 13/01/2011, BPR isabwa gutanga ibimenyetso ikeneye gutanga birimo n’amafishi y’umwenda, iburanisha rishyirwa kuwa 31/03/2011 ari nawo munsi urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu mizi. [13] Urukiko rurasanga Kalisa yarabonye igihe gihagije cyo kubona imyanzuro mbere y’iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo imaze kuvugwa, akaba yarashoboraga kuyireguraho, bityo ibyo asaba ko ibimenyetso bimwe byashingiweho n’urukiko byateshwa agaciro kuko byatanzwe mu buryo binyuranije n’iyo ngingo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atari byo iyo ngingo iteganya. Kumenya inyandiko y’amasezerano yagombaga gukurikizwa n’abayagiranye. [14] Me Hakizimana

uburanira Kalisa avuga ko Urukiko rwagaragaje ko hari inyandiko z’amasezerano ebyiri zitandukanye, imwe ifitwe na BPR irimo ikosa n’indi ifitwe na Kalisa itarimo ikosa, maze iyo ya nyuma ruyitesha agaciro kandi yaremezaga ko Kalisa agomba kwishyura mu migabane 48 yishyura buri kwezi 312.500 Frw. [15] Asobanura ko Kalisa nta na hamwe yigeze yishyura 625.000 Frw ubwe, kuko umushahara we kimwe n’andi mafaranga yavaga mu kazi k’imodoka ze yashyirwaga kuri konti ye, maze BPR ikayafatira, ko kuba rero mu masezerano umukozi wayo yaracishijemo umurongo ahanditse amezi 48 akandikamo 24, yabitewe nuko yagira ngo abihuze n’ibiri ku ifishi ye y’umwenda, ko nyuma y’amezi 8 yaje kubona ko yishyuzwa mu buryo butaribwo bitewe n’uko banki yamumenyesheje ko afite ibiranane kandi yari azi ko afite amafaranga menshi kuri konti, ayisabye kubikosora ntiyamusubiza. [16] Akomeza avuga ko atumva impamvu Banki yahinduye amasezerano bagiranye itabimubwiye ngo hakorwe andi, n’urukiko rukaba rutarasobanuye uburyo ayo masezerano yombi azarangizwa, akaba rero yari yareze asaba ko yaseswa ariko urukiko ntirwabikora.

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[17] Me Rwakayija uburanira BPR avuga ko iyo banki yakuye kuri konti ya Kalisa imigabane ingana ya 625.000 Frw buri kwezi hashira amezi 8 ntacyo avuze, abonye bimunaniye kwishyura ahimba imitwe avuga ko yagombaga kwishyura mu mezi 48 yitwaje amasezerano bigaragara ko ari amahimbano. Avuga ko mu rukiko rubanza Kalisa yaburanaga avuga ko byakozwe ku gahato, nyamara ubu akaba avuga ko ntakabayeho. [18] Ku byerekeye amasezerano, Me Rwakayija avuga ko Kalisa atakwitwaza ko habayeho ikosa, kuko ryakosowe ahari, ko kandi yagiye yishyura umugabane akurikije ko ubwishyu buzarangira mu mezi 24 nk’uko byari no mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yasabye. [19] Ku birebana no kuba urukiko rwarabonye ko hari amakosa BPR yakoze ariko ntirugire icyo rubivugaho, Me Rwakayija avuga ko nta shingiro bifite kubera ko rutari rufite inshingano yo gusuzuma uko amasezerano akorwa n’uko akosorwa, ahubwo rwagomba gusuzuma niba koko BPR itarubahirije amasezerano.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigena amasezerano, iteganya ko “amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko kubayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya.” [21] Nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye ndetse n’ababuranyi bakaba babyemera, tariki ya 08/07/2008 habaye amasezerano hagati ya BPR na Kalisa bemeranywa ko umwenda ahawe wa 15.000.000 Frw uzishyurwa mu migabane 48 hishyurwa 312.500 Frw nyuma ya buri kwezi guhera tariki ya 15/10/2008 kugeza kuwa 15/10/2012 (ingingo ya 4), ariko mu masezerano ahanditse imigabane 48 banki yarahasibye yandika imigabane 24, ku buryo KALISA yishyujwe umugabane wa 625.000 Frw mu gihe cy’amezi umunani, aba aribwo havuka ikibazo kuko yabwiwe ko afite ibirarane. [22] Urukiko rurasanga ayo masezerano yari itegeko ku bayagiranye akaba yaragombaga gukurikizwa nta buryarya na BPR, bityo ikaba itarashoboraga gusiba bimwe mu biyakubiyemo ngo iyahindure Kalisa atabimenyeshejwe ngo abyemere. Kuba uyiburanira avuga ko iryo kosa Kalisa yari arizi kubera ko yishyuye amafaranga menshi mu gihe cy’amezi umunani nta gaciro byahabwa kuko atari we wajyaga kwiyishyurira banki, ahubwo ari banki yafatiraga umugabane wishyurwa buri kwezi kuri konti ye, bikaba rero byarashobokaga ko atinda kubimenya. [23] Urukiko

rurasanga rero inyandiko y’amasezerano Kalisa yatanze mu rukiko ariyo igomba guhabwa agaciro kuko yo itagaragaramo ikosa, kandi BPR ntiyigeze iregera ko ari impimbano ku buryo yateshwa agaciro. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ariko BPR itarubahirije ayo masezerano yagiranye na Kalisa, bituma ananirwa kuyishyura umwenda yahawe, bityo ayo masezerano akaba agomba guseswa, Kalisa akishyura amafaranga y’umwenda havanywemo ayo yishyuye mu gihe cy’amezi 8, inyungu zikavanwaho kuko yabujijwe kwishyura ngo azibone kubera ikosa rya Banki, akishyura amafaranga akurikira:

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15.000.000 Frw – (625.000 Frw x amezi 8) = 10.000.000 Frw. [25] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa, urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwa Kalisa bufite ishingiro, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba guhinduka, hagasuzumwa ibijyanye n’indishyi yaregeye atahawe. Ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa na Kalisa [26] Me Hakizimana uburanira Kalisa avuga ko yari yaregeye indishyi z’igihombo yatewe na BPR zingana na 133.200.000 Frw mu gihe cy’amezi 8, kubera ko imodoka ze zamufashaga mu kwishyura umwenda zapfuye akabura amafaranga yo kuzikoresha, kuko banki yamaze amafaranga kuri konti ye, imwe ikaba yarinjizaga 169.000 Frw ku munsi, indi ikinjiza 144.000 Frw. Asaba kandi ko yamuha 90.000 Frw y’ingendo yakoze akurikiranye uru rubanza, amafaranga 140.000 Frw y’ifunguro, na 150.000 yo gukurikirana urubanza, BPR igahatirwa kandi kwishyura izo ndishyi imuha 4% yayo buri munsi mu gihe izaba itarazimwishyura. [27] Me Rwakayija uburanira BPR avuga ko nta gihombo Banki yateje Kalisa, ko ahubwo ariwe wayihemukiye afata umwenda akananirwa kwishyura. Ku byerekeye izindi ndishyi asaba z’ingendo n’ifunguro, avuga ko ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko atazigaragariza ibimenyetso, naho iby’igihembo cya avoka asaba ko urukiko rwazabizusuma mu bushishozi mu gihe yaba atsinze urubanza, ko rero nta n’icyo BPR yahatirwa kwishyura.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Ingingo ya 258 y’Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyiraho urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano, ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano (CCLIII), iteganya ko “igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”. [29] Urukiko rurasanga Kalisa atagaragaza isano iri hagati y’ikosa yakorewe na BPR ryo kuba yarahinduye amasezerano batabyumvikanyeho no kuba imodoka ze zitarakozwe ngo zimufashe kwishyura umwenda, nta n’ikimenyetso atanga kigaragaza ko afite koko imodoka ebyiri zidakora n’amafaranga zakoreraga, bityo indishyi asaba akaba atazigenerwa. [30] Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ingendo n’ifunguro ndetse n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Kalisa asaba BPR, urukiko rurasanga atayagenerwa kuko atayagaragariza ibimenyetso, kandi na none hari ibyo yaregeye bijyanye n’indishyi atsindiwe muri uru rubanza. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa BPR [31] Me Rwakayija uburanira BPR avuga ko yuririye ku bujurire bwa Kalisa asaba ko ayishyura umwenda ungana na 15.000.000 Frw ayibereyemo hiyongereyeho n’inyungu z’ubukererwe hagakurwamo amafaranga yishyuye, hamwe n’indishyi za 1.000.000 Frw kubera kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire yiyongera kuri 300.000 Frw yagenewe mu rukiko rubanza.

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[32] Me Hakizimana uburanira Kalisa avuga ko ikirego kigamije kwiregura cyasabaga kwishyura umwenda n’inyungu zawo cyafashweho umwanzuro n’urukiko ntirwacyakira kuko cyatanzwe imburagihe. [33] Ku byerekeye indishyi Me Hakizimana avuga ko BPR yazihabwa ari uko ikirego cya Kalisa gisaba indishyi cyaba gifite ishingiro, bitaba ibyo urukiko rukemeza ko izo yagenewe n’urukiko rubanza arizo zigumaho kuko zihagije.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Ingingo ya 357 igika cya mbere y’itegeko Nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Ikirego kiregera kwiregura no kurega uwishingiye bikorwa mu buryo bwanditse mbere yo kurangiza iburanisha ry’ibanze”. [35] Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya BPR kigamije kwiregura isaba ko Kalisa ayishyura umwenda ayibereyemo n’indishyi cyaratanzwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi igihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi, maze nticyakirwa kuko cyatanzwe gikererewe, kikaba rero n’ubu kitakwakirwa mu bujurire ngo gisuzumwe. [36] Ku byerekeye indishyi za 1.000.000 Frw BPR isaba Kalisa kubera kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire yiyongera kuri 300.000 Frw yagenewe mu rukiko rubanza, urukiko rurasanga ayo mafaranga yose, kimwe n’amafaranga y’indishyi z’akababaro n’ay’igihembo cya avoka yari yagenewe n’urukiko rubanza, itagomba kuyahabwa kuko ubujurire bwa Kalisa bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe yaregeye bituma n’urubanza rwajuririwe ruhinduka, ikaba rero itarashowe mu manza ku maherere. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [37] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kalisa Dominique bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na BPR nta shingiro bufite. [39] Rutegetse Kalisa Dominique kwishyura BPR 10.000.000 Frw y’umwenda ayibereyemo. [40] Rutegetse BPR kwishyura amafaranga 31.900 Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, itayishyura, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta.

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Law No. 21/2012 of 14/06/2012, Articles 352, 357

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Law No. 45/2011 of 25/11/2011, Article 64

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Law of 30/07/1888, Article 258

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