KALISA v. BANK OF KIGALI

# KALISA v. BANK OF KIGALI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2013-03-07 - Case/document no.: RCOM 0003/13/HC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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KALISA v. BANKI YA KIGALI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOM 0003/13/HC (KAMERE, P.J.) Kuwa 07 Werurwe 2013] Amategeko y’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Iyakirwa ry’ikirego gishingiye ku kimenyetso kigaragajwe nyuma y’icibwa ry’urubanza kandi cyari gihari mbere – Kirakirwa iyo kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo – Iyo habaye kandi kwitiranya ibintu uko byagenze, urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo, icyo gihe urukiko rusuzuma niba koko hari akarengane kabaye gaturutse mu kudafata ibintu mu kuri kwabyo, Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 186 agace ka 3. Amategeko y’ubucuruzi – Kubara no kumeyesha inyungu – Ufite inshingano yo kuzibara – Nta narimwe umukiriya yibarira inyungu agomba gucimbwa mu gihe banki itabikoze kandi ari inshingano yayo yo kuzimubarira no kuzimumenyesha – Iyo bigaragaye ko habayeho icyarimwe radiation y’umwenda n’inyungu, konti y’umukiriya ikurikiranwa hors bilan – Icyo gihe nta nyungu zindi zakwiyongeraho kuko nta bundi buryo umukiriya yazimenyeshwa, Amabwiriza agenga inguzanyo, Ingingo ya 9 n’iya 10. Amategeko y’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zisabwa nyiri Société z’uko yavukijwe amahirwe yo kubona inguzanyo – Umuyobozi wa sosiyeti wiburanira ku giti cye, ntiyasaba indishyi ashingira ko yimwe inguzanyo kuko atakwitiranywa na sosiyeti iba ifite ubuzimagatozi ukwayo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kalisa yareze Banki ya Kigali mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ikirego cyijyanye no kutishyura inyungu z’umwenda yari yaramuhawe, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kuko ibimenyetso byatanzwe byagaragaje ko yari azi ko izo nyungu zihari kandi zigomba kwishyurwa. Kalisa yasabye gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya muri urwo Rukiko agaragaza ko hari ikindi kimenyetso yabonye kigaragaza akarengane yagize. Banki ya Kigali yo ivuga ko iki kirego kigamije gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, ngo kubera ko ikimenyetso KALISA Jérémie ashingiraho yari agifite kuva ku itariki ya 27/06/2012, kandi urubanza rukaba rwaraciwe tariki ya 23/11/2012, ikaba yumva icyo kitakwitwa ikimenyetso gishya. Mu gusuzuma iki kirego Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko gifite ishingiro kuko ikimenyetso cy’ibaruwa Kalisa yandikiye Banki ya Kigali kuwa 27/04/2012 ashingiragaho gikomeye kandi kigaragaza ukuri cy’uko nta nyungu yagombaga kwishyura. Naho Banki ya Kigali yo ikavuga ko yagombaga kuzishyura kuko na compte ye yacungwaga hors bilan. Kalisa kandi yasabye indishyi avuga ko yavukijwe amahirwe yo kudahabwa inguzanyo, ariko Banki ya Kigali yo ikavuga ko izo ndishyi atazikwiye kubera ko iki kirego isanga nta shingiro gifite. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, iyo habonetse ibimenyetso bya kamarampaka bigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, byaba biri mu nyandiko zatanzwe mu rubanza ariko urukiko ntiruzibone, cyangwa byaragaragajwe

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nyuma, icyo gihe urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo. Inzitizi yatanzwe n’uregwa rero akaba nta shingiro ifite, ikirego cy’urega kikaba kigomba kwakirwa. 2. Kubara no kumenyesha inyungu umukiriya ni inshingano ya banki. Bityo rero, ibivugwa n’uhagarariye uregwa ko ku itariki ya 27/04/2012 urega yari azi ko inyungu yishyuzwa ari izo yaciwe arangije kwishyura umwenda bikaba atari ukuri. 3. Umuyobozi wa sosiyeti ntiyakwitiranywa n’iyo sosiyeti kuko iba ifite ubuzima gatozi bwayo. Ntiyashingira ko hari indishyi agomba kugenerwa ku giti cye ngo bigire ishingiro kuko ntagihombo biba byamuteje bitewe n’uko uwimwe inguzanyo aba ari sosiyeti. Indishyi 15.000.000 urega asaba akaba atazikwiye kubera ko mu kuzisaba ku giti cye atagaragaza igihombo yatewe no kudahabwa inguzanyo kwa sosiyeti SIMACO. 4. Indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka uzisaba aba azikwiriye kuko kuburana no kwiyambaza avoka hari igihombo biba byamuteye, ariko iyo atagaragaza imibare yazo Urukiko ruzigena mubushishozi bwarwo. Bityo urega akaba agenewe 2.000.000 frw. Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bifite ishingiro. Urubanza RCOM 0165/12/HCC ruvanyweho. Amagarama aherereye ku uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 186 agace ka 3. Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyiraho urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano igitabo cya gatatu, Ingingo ya 258. Amabwiriza agenga inguzanyo, Ingingo ya 9 n’iya 10. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu rubanza RCOM 0165/12/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi KALISA Jérémie yaregagamo BANK OF KIGALI Ltd, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya KALISA Jérémie cyasabaga kutishyura inyungu yacibwaga ku mwenda yari yarahawe na BANK OF KIGALI Ltd nta shingiro gifite, ndetse rumutegeka kwishyura amafaranga 500.000 y’igihembo cya avoka n’amagarama y’urubanza angana n’amafaranga 6.200. [2] KALISA Jérémie ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, maze asaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rwaraciye urwo rubanza, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri n° RCOM A 0003/13/HCC, iburanisha rishyirwa kuwa 11/02/2013, ari nawo munsi urubanza rwaburanishijweho.

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II. IMIGENDEKERE Y’URUBANZA [3] Ku wa 11/02/2013, ababuranyi bombi baritabye, urega aburanirwa na Me TWIRINGIYEMUNGU Joseph, naho uregwa aburanirwa na Me RUSANGANWA Jean Bosco. Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro n’imyiregurire y’ababuranyi bombi, Urukiko rwapfundikiye iburanisha maze rumenyesha ababuranyi ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 07/03/2013, ari na wo munsi rusomeweho ku mpamvu no mu buryo bikurikira: III. IBIGOMBA GUSUZUMWA MU RUBANZA N’UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA: 1. Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego [4] Urukiko rurabanza gusuzuma inzitizi y’uhagarariye uregwa, akaba asaba ko iki kirego kigamije gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, ngo kubera ko ikimenyetso KALISA Jérémie ashingiraho asaba gusubirishamo urubanza yari agifite kuva ku itariki ya 27/06/2012, kandi urubanza rukaba rwaraciwe tariki ya 23/11/2012, akaba yumva icyo kitakwitwa ikimenyetso gishya. Yongeraho kandi ko igihe cy’amezi abiri cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyarangiye, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 187 y’itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [5] Kuri iyi nzitizi, uhagarariye urega ayireguraho avuga ko iki kimenyetso kitigeze kiburanishwa mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo, bityo akavuga ko iyo umucamanza aza kuba afite iki kimenyetso, byanze bikunze icyemezo yafashe yari kugifata mu bundi buryo ; ikindi, ngo ni uko ikimenyetso cyose cyagaragaza ko habaye akarengane mu cyemezo cyafashwe gishobora kwifashishwa mu gusubirishamo urubanza. Naho ku kibazo cy’uko igihe cy’amezi abiri gitangwa n’itegeko kugirango urubanza rusabirwe gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya cyaba cyararenze, uhagarariye urega yavuze ko urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo rwasomwe tariki ya 23/11/2012, iki kirego agitanga tariki ya 11/01/2013, bityo igihe cy’amezi abiri kikaba cyari kitararangira. [6] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 186 y’itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, mu gace kayo ka 3, ivuga ko kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, iyo habonetse ibimenyetso bya kamarampaka bigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, byaba biri mu nyandiko zatanzwe mu rubanza ariko urukiko ntiruzibone, cyangwa byaragaragajwe nyuma, icyo gihe urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo. Ikigaragazwa n’iyi ngingo, ni uko niba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya byemerwa kabone n’iyo ikimenyetso gishingirwaho cyaba kiri muri dosiye ariko bikaragarara ko icibwa ry’urubanza ritakitayeho kandi cyari kugaragaza ukuri, birumvikanisha (a fortiori) ko ikimenyetso nk’icyo iyo kitari mu nyandiko zashyikirijwe urukiko gishobora kugaragazwa kikaba cyatuma urubanza rusubirwamo. Nk’uko agace ka 6 k’iyo ngingo kabivuga, iyo habaye kwitiranya ibintu uko byagenze, urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo, ahubwo icyo gihe urukiko rugasuzuma niba koko hari akarengane kabaye gaturutse mu kudafata ibintu mu kuri kwabyo.

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Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko ruvuze ko inzitizi yatanzwe na BANK OF KIGALI Ltd nta shingiro ifite, bityo ko ikirego cya KALISA Jérémie gikwiye kwakirwa. 2. Gusuzuma ishingiro ry’ikirego mu mizi [7] Ku kibazo kijyanye n’impamvu nyirizina ituma ikirego gisabirwa gusubirishwamo, uhagarariye urega avuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rwagendeye ku gukeka ko KALISA Jérémie yaba yari azi ingano y’ikiswe inyungu mu gihe yandikaga ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/04/2012, urukiko rukaba ari aho rwahereye ruvuga ko KALISA Jérémie yari azi ingano y’inyungu asabwa na banki kuri iyo tariki ya 25/04/2012, aho rwagize ruti : « Urukiko rusanga (…) ibimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza ko (KALISA Jérémie) yari azi ko izo nyungu zihari kandi zigomba kwishyurwa. Twavuga cyane cyane nk’ibaruwa yandikiye BK ku wa 25/04/2012 ni ukuvuga mu kwezi kumwe mbere y’uko arangiza kwishyura umwenda principal, yasabye ko asonerwa inyungu z’ubukerererwe kuri 80% akishyura gusa 20%. BK yamusubije ku wa 27/04/2012 imubwira ko agomba kuzishyura ». Ku bw’uhagarariye urega, umucamanza yaketse ko inyungu KALISA Jérémie yashakaga kuvuga muri iriya baruwa yo kuwa 25/04/2012 ari izo Bank of Kigali yamumenyesheje nyuma y’uko yari amaze kwishyura umwenda, nyamara we si zo yashakaga kuvuga nkuko bigaragara mu ibaruwa ye yo ku wa 27/04/2012 yashyikirije BK kuri uwo munsi, ikaba ari na cyo kimenyetso avuga ko gikomeye ku buryo iyo umucamanza aza kuba agifite, ataba yaremeje ibintu nkuko yabyemeje mu rubanza rwaciwe. Kuri iyi ngingo, uhagarariye uregwa avuga ko kuva ku itariki ya 01/01/2011 kugeza ku itariki ya 02/05/2012, nta nyungu KALISA Jérémie yigeze yishyura kubera ko konti ye yacungwaga mu cyo bita ‘hors bilan’ bitewe n’ibirarane byari birimo, ibyo bikaba bituma abanza kwishyuzwa ibirarane byose by’imyenda, naho inyungu akazazishyuzwa ukwazo, KALISA Jérémie akaba atagaragaza ko izo nyungu yazishyuye. Abajijwe niba izo nyungu yaragiye azimenyeshwa kugirango azazishyuzwe azizi, uhagarariye uregwa yavuze ko na we yashoboraga kuzibarira mu gihe yari azi ingano y’umwenda n’igipimo cy’inyungu kiri mu masezerano y’inguzanyo. [8] Urukiko rurasanga mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 27/04/2012 yashyikirijwe BANK OF KIGALI Ltd ikayakira kuri iyo tariki, KALISA Jérémie yarabwiye banki ko agiye kwishyura 20% ahwanye na 1.300.000 FRW, ko kandi banki yamumenyesheje ko yari asigaje kwishyura 7.985.758 FRW harimo n’inyungu zose. Iyo banki iza gusanga ibivugwa na KALISA Jérémie ko muri uriya mubare hakubiyemo n’inyungu zose atari ukuri, yari kumubwira ko inyungu zitarimo, ndetse igahera ahongaho imumenyesha ingano yazo, dore ko biri mu nshingano za yo zo kubarira inyungu umukiriya no kuzimumenyesha, bitandukanye n’ibivugwa n’uhagarariye uregwa ko n’umukiriya ubwe afite inshingano yo kwibarira inyungu agomba gucibwa mu gihe banki itabikoze. Mu byukuri, ingingo ya 9 n’iya 10 z’amabwiriza agenga inguzanyo (Règlement des ouvertures de crédit) ziteganya ko ingano y’umwenda banki igenda imenyesha umukiriya ari yo ifatwa nk’ukuri, ndetse kuba umukiriya ashobora kutayemera bikaba bitamubuza kwishyura, icyo kibazo kikaba cyasuzumwa ariko ingano y’umwenda yamenyeshejwe ikaba ifatwa nk’ukuri kugeza igihe ishobora guhindurwa na banki. Bityo rero, ibivugwa n’uhagarariye uregwa ko ku itariki ya 27/04/2012 KALISA Jérémie yari azi ko inyungu yishyuzwa ari izo yaciwe arangije kwishyura umwenda bikaba atari ukuri. [9] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ku itariki ya 30/12/2011, harabaye radiation y’umwenda ungana na 105.706.434 FRW, bikaba bivuga ko kuri iyo tariki konti ye yatangiye gukurikiranwa ‘hors

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bilan’ nkuko uhagarariye uregwa abivuga. Nyamara nkuko historique y’inyungu yahawe KALISA Jérémie igihe yari arangije kwishyura ibyerekana, ni ukuvuga tariki ya 28/05/2012 nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa n° CA/SB/ANB N°.157 ya BANK OF KIGALI Ltd, ni kuri iyo tariki ya 30/12/2011 nanone hagaragara ko habaye radiation y’inyungu zingana na 35.685.277 FRW. Ntibyumvikana ukuntu ku itariki imwe ya 30/12/2011 haba radiation y'umwenda ukwawo na radiation y’inyungu ukwazo, maze banki ikamenyesha umukririya radiation y’umwenda gusa ntimumenyeshe na radiation y’inyungu, dore ko byari byoroheye banki guhuza umwenda n’inyungu aho zari zigeze kuri iyo tariki, kugirango nihagira n’izindi nyungu ziziyongeraho nazo zizagende zimenyeshwa umukiriya wayo nkuko amasezerano y’inguzanyo abivuga. [10] Uhagarariye urega arasaba kandi Urukiko kugenera KALISA Jérémie indishyi zingana na 15.000.000 FRW z’uko BANK OF KIGALI Ltd yamutesheje amahirwe yo gutuma sosiyete abereye umunyamuryango itabona inguzanyo ingana n’amadorali ya amerika 1.300.000 FRW muri ECOBANK Ltd, naho uhagarariye uregwa akavuga ko izo ndishyi zidakwiye kubera ko iki kirego asanga nta shingiro gifite. Impande zombi zirasaba kandi igihembo cya avoka n’icy’ikurikiranarubanza. [11] Urukiko rurasanga mu ibaruwa n° 0010/2012-1204/KA/ka/4110.17 yo kuwa 27/06/2012, Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yarandikiye Umuyobozi Mukuru wa ECOBANK Ltd imumenyesha ko itemeye ko iyo banki itanga inguzanyo ingana n’amadorali ya amerika 1.300.000 FRW iyiha Sosiyeye yitwa SIMACO, kubera ko uyiyobora ari we KALISA Jérémie akaba n’umunyamuryango wayo afitiye BANK OF KIGALI Ltd umwenda. Nyamara nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, kuri iyo tariki nta mwenda KALISA Jérémie yari agifitiye iyo banki kuko yari yararangije kwishyura umwenda wose yari yaramenyeshejwe n’iyo banki mu buryo bukurikije amasezerano bari baragiranye. Icyakora uru Rukiko rurasanga KALISA Jérémie n’ubwo ari umuyobozi wa sosiyeti SIMACO adakwiye kwitiranywa n’iyo sosiyeti ifite ubuzima gatozi bwayo, niba ECOBANK Ltd itarahaye sosiyeti SIMACO inguzanyo kubera ibibazo yari yagaragarijwe kuri KALISA Jéremie, uwo ibyo byaba byarateye igihombo ntabwo yaba ari KALISA Jéremie ahubwo wenda yaba ari sosiyeti SIMACO kuko ari yo yimwe inguzanyo, bityo indishyi KALISA asaba zingana na 15.000.000 FRW kubera igihombo cyaba cyaraturutse ku kudahabwa inguzanyo na ECOBANK akaba atazikwiye kubera ko mu kuzisaba ku giti cye atagaragaza igihombo yatewe ku giti cye no kudahabwa inguzanyo kwa sosiyeti SIMACO. Hashingowe ku ngingo ya 258 CCL III indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza no guhemba avoka KALISA Jeremie asaba akaba azikwiye kubera ko kuburana no kwiyambaza aba avoka kugira ngo abone ibyo atsindiye ubu hari igihombo byamuteye mu mutungo we atari kugira iyo BK Ltd imukemurira ikibazo bitaraba ngombwa ko yiyambaza inkiko ; mu bushishozi bw’urukiko rukaba rumugeneye indishyi zingana na 2.000.000 FRW aho kuba 4.000.000 FRW yari yasabye atagaragaza imibarire yazo. IV. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO Kubera izi mpamvu zose zimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi: [12] Rwemeye kwakira ikirego kigamije gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cya KALISA Jérémie kuko cyaje mu nzira zikurikije amategeko rugisuzumye rusanga gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

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[13] Rutegetse BANK OF KIGALI Ltd kuvanaho amafaranga angana na 41.711.878 FRW yishyuzwa KALISA Jérémie nk’inyungu kuko zitigeze zimumenyeshwa mu buryo bujyanye n’amasezerano agenga inguzanyo; [14] Rutegetse BANK OF KIGALI Ltd gusubiza KALISA Jérémie ingwate yari yaratanze yishingira inguzanyo inyungu zavuzwe haruguru zitwa ko zikomokaho; [15] Rutegetse BANK OF KIGALI Ltd kwishyura KALISA Jérémie indishyi zingana na 2.000.000 FRW z’igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza; [16] Rutegetse BANK OF KIGALI Ltd gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 4.800 FRW; [17] Rutegetse ko urubanza RCOM 0165/12/HCC rwari rwaraciwe n’uru Rukiko tariki ya 23/11/2012 ruvanwaho;