KARANGWA vs. ADEPR

KARANGWA vs. ADEPR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-10-04 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC00004/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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KARANGWA vs. ADEPR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RSOC00004/2024/SC (Mukamulisa, J. P., Cyanzayire na Kalihangabo, J.) 04 Ukwakira 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza zisabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Impamvu zituma habaho isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Gufungwa by’agateganyo ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma habaho isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Ibigenerwa umukozi mu gihe cy’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Mu gihe ntacyo amategeko cyangwa amasezerano agenga impande zombi yateganyije ku bigenerwa umukozi bijyanye n’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ryatewe n’ifungwa ry’agateganyo mu gihe kitarengeje amezi atandatu, umukozi ahabwa umushahara we wose muri icyo gihe yamaze afunzwe. Amategeko agenga imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Umusanzu wo kwivuza – Uburyo umusanzu wo kwivuza utangwamo –Umusanzu wo kwivuza utangwa n’umukoresha akawuha ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kugira ngo umukozi wishingiwe narwara azashobore kwivuza, ariko ayo mafaranga ntashobora guhabwa umukozi mu ntoki. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza zisabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Inzira (procedure) zo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Umuburanyi

utarasabye ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akurikije uburyo n’inzira biteganywa n’Itegeko, ntashobora kuririra ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwarusubirishijemo ngo nawe asabe ko rwasuzuma ibyo atishimiye muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Karangwa yareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo asaba ko Itorero rya ADEPR yari abereye umuvugizi wungirije ryamugenera indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka ku kuba itaramuhaye ibyo yamugombaga nk'uwari umukozi wayo, mu gihe yari afunzwe by’agateganyo. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cye gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka ADEPR kumuha indishyi zitandukanye zirimo amafaranga y’imishahara atahembwe, asimbura konji atahawe ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ndetse ikamusubiza n’amafaranga y’igarama yatanze arega. ADEPR yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, na Karangwa atanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi avuga ko muri icyo cyemezo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamugeneye indishyi rubariye ku mushahara utandukanye n’uwo yahembwaga, ndetse agaragaza ko hari ibindi atahawe kandi yarabisabye. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye rubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa ADEPR budafite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. Urega yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe bwe yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko rusubirwamo,

na we arabyemeza maze ruburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urega avuga ko akarengane yagiriwe gashingiye kukuba, Urukiko Rukuru rwaramubariye indishyi rukoresheje umushahara utari wo, bityo akaba asaba ko yabarirwa ku mushahara nyawo yahembwaga, akagenerwa amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza atatangiwe, ndetse n’indishyi zo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze. Muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasuzumye icyo kibazo cyo kumenya ingano y’indishyi Urega agomba guhabwa, aho asaba guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’amezi atandatu y’umushahara yabariwe nabi, kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rwamubariye rudashingiye ku mushahara nyawo yatahanaga. Ikindi kibazo cyasuzumwe ni ikijyanye n’amafaranga y’imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza, Urega avuga ko

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atatangiwe muri RSSB nyamara buri kwezi barayamukataga ku mushahara we, ndetse no kuba Uregwa ataramuhaye ku gihe icyemezo cy’akazi. Uregwa yiregura avuga ko, ibyo Urega avuga ari ukwirengagiza ibyo yiyemereye imbere y’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kuko ari we ubwe wisabiye amafaranga abariye kuri 630,216Frw. Naho ku kijyanye n’imisanzu avuga ko atatangiwe, nta kimenyetso yigeze abitangira kuko nta muntu wo mu muryango we waba warangiwe kuvuzwa ngo abe ari byo asabira indishyi, dore ko ayo mafaranga atayahabwaga usibye kuvurwa yarwaye. Ikindi kandi ni uko mu gihe yari afunzwe ibijyanye n’ubuzima bwe byari mu nshingano z’Urwego rw’u Rwanda rushinzwe Igorora. Uregwa avuga ku ndishyi zo kudahabwa ku gihe icyemezo cy’umukoresha wa nyuma zingana n’umushahara w’ukwezi kumwe Urega asaba, ko nazo nta shingiro zahabwa kuko nta kimenyetso agaragaza ko yagisabye ntagihabwe. Urega yakomeje kuba umukozi w’umunyamuhamagaro n’ubwo yari yaravanywe mu nshingano z’ubuyobozi, kandi uwo murimo ukaba udahemberwa. Uregwa yashoje asaba ko na we yagira icyo anenga ku cyemezo cyafashwe muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo, ko igihembo Urega avuga ko yagombaga guhabwa igihe yari kuba ahagaritswe by’agateganyo yagihawe ndetse agikubirwa inshuro 6 bityo, akaba yarahawe amezi menshi atari ngombwa. Ikindi ni uko yahawe ingurane y’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka cy’amezi abiri kandi ntabyo yari yasabye mu bugenzuzi bw’umurimo, akaba asanga ari akarengane yakorewe uru Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rukwiye gusuzuma. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Gufungwa by’agateganyo ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma habaho isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo.

2. Mu gihe ntacyo amategeko cyangwa amasezerano agenga impande zombi yateganyije ku bigenerwa umukozi bijyanye n’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ryatewe n’ifungwa ry’agateganyo mu gihe kitarengeje amezi atandatu, umukozi ahabwa umushahara we wose muri icyo gihe yamaze afunzwe.

3. Umusanzu wo kwivuza utangwa n’umukoresha akawuha ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kugira ngo umukozi wishingiwe narwara azashobore kwivuza, ariko ayo mafaranga ntashobora guhabwa umukozi mu ntoki.

4. Umuburanyi utarasabye ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akurikije uburyo n’inzira biteganywa n’Itegeko, ntashobora kuririra ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwarusubirishijemo ngo nawe asabe ko rwasuzuma ibyo atishimiye muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 18 n’iya 34. Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 100 n’iya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM00005/2019/SC, Kigali Ceramica &Furniture Ltd vs. Guaranty Trust Bank (Rwanda) Plc, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 30/11/2022. RS/INJUST/RC00009/2022/SC, SANLAM AG Plc vs. Uwihanganye Jean, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023. RS/INJUST/RCOM00005/2022/SC, BES SUPPLY Ltd vs. Akarere ka Gicumbi n’Abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 20/10/2023. RS/INJUST/RC00027/2022/SC, Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal vs. SANLAM AG Plc na Tulikumwe Theophile, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/02/2023. RSOCAA00006/07/CS, Harerimana Enos na Bagenzi be vs. KK Security rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 11/01/2008.

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Inyandiko z’abahanga zifasishijwe: Jean Pelisier, Alain Supiot na Antoine Jeammaud: Droit du travail, Edition Dalloz, 22è edition. I. IMITERERE Y’IKIBAZO [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, aho Karangwa John wari Umuvugizi wungirije wa ADEPR yayireze, asaba guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka ku kuba itaramuhaye ibyo imugomba nk'uwari umukozi wayo, ubwo yari afunzwe by’agateganyo. Mu guca Urubanza, urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Karangwa John gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko ADEPR imuha 10,834,536Frw akubiyemo imishahara n’amafaranga asimbura konji Karangwa John atahawe, runayitegeka kumuha 600,000Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ikanamusubiza 20,000 Frw y’igarama yatanze arega. [2] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku ngingo zimwe zikurikira: a. Karangwa John yagombaga guhembwa umushahara we mu gihe yari afunze kuko atari yarahagaritswe cyangwa ngo asezererwe. b. N’ubwo ADEPR itigeze yandikira Karangwa John imuhagarika ariko ikaba itaranigeze imuhemba, ubwabyo bigaragaza ko bari bamuhagaritse. Kuba rero yarabaye umwere agasubira mu kazi akwiye guhabwa 2/3 by’umushahara mu gihe cy’amezi 6. c. Karangwa John akwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’iminsi 15 atahembwe mbere y’uko afungwa kuko n’umukoresha abyemera. d. Karangwa John agomba guhabwa umushahara we wose mu gihe ntaho yasinyiye ko agomba

kuwukatwa1, bakaba bagomba kumuha 3,271,944Frw nk’igihembo yakaswe ku mezi atatu yahembwe. [3] ADEPR yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, urubanza ruhabwa RSOCA 00211/2022/HC/KIG. Karangwa John na we yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi avuga ko mu cyemezo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwafashe, rwabariye umushahara we ku 945,324Frw kandi mu by’ukuri ahembwa 1,902,648Frw ndetse anagaragaza ko hari ibindi atahawe kandi yarabisabye. Mu guca urubanza ku wa 31/05/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa ADEPR budafite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. [4] Ku wa 27/06/2023, Karangwa John yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza no RSOCA00211/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/05/2023 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo nimero 076/CJ/2024 cyo ku wa 22/05/2024, yemeza ko rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [5] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 05/09/2024, ababuranyi bitaba Karangwa John ahagarariwe na Me Irimubuhanga Jean De Dieu naho ADEPR ihagarariwe na Me Mubangizi Frank; impaka zigibwa ku bibazo bikurikira: - Kumenya ingano y’ indishyi Karangwa John agomba guhabwa; - Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka.

1ADEPR ivuga ko kubera ko muri Covid nta maturo yatangwaga, Inama nyobozi yemeje ko abakozi bazahembwa 60% y’umushahara, ariko ivuga ko bazabanza kubimenyesha abakozi bakabisinyira. Byabaye Karangwa afunze adashobora kubisinyira ngo abyemere, ariko bagiye kumuhemba bamuhemba 60% by’umushahara we.

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II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISUZUMWA RYABYO II.1. Kumenya ingano y’indishyi Karangwa John agomba guhabwa [6] Me Irimubuhanga Jean De Dieu uhagarariye Karangwa John yasobanuye mu iburanisha ko hari byo yasabaga mu kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ariko ubu akaba yarabiretse, ahubwo akaba asaba ko hasuzumwa ibibazo bitatu ari byo guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’amezi atandatu y’umushahara yabariwe nabi, imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza atatangiwe n’indishyi zo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’umukoresha wa nyuma. [7] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwamubariye indishyi rushingiye ku mushahara utari wo, kuko rwazimubariye rushingiye ku gihembo cya 945,324Frw kandi mu by’ukuri umushahara yatahanaga wari 1,890,648Frw, agasaba Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ko ibyo rwabikosora agahabwa indishyi zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: - Igihembo cy’amezi atandatu atahawe igihe yari afunze by’agateganyo: 1,890,648 x 6 =11,343,888Frw (kuva ku wa 15/11/2019 kugeza ku wa 14/05/2020), hagakurwamo 3,781,296Frw yahawe n’Urukiko, akaba agomba guhabwa 7,562,592Frw asigaye; - Imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza atatangiwe angana na 88,492 Frw yakatwaga buri kwezi mu gihe cy’amezi icumi akaba angana na 884,920Frw; - Indishyi zo kudahabwa ku gihe icyemezo cy’akazi zingana na: 1,890,648Frw. amafaranga yose hamwe asaba ni 7,562,592Frw + 884,920Frw + 1,890,648Frw = 10,338,160Frw. [8] Ku bijyanye

n’amafaranga y’ubwisungane mu kwivuza, Me Irimubuhanga Jean De Dieu yabajijwe niba bifuza kuyahabwa cyangwa kuyatangirwa muri RSSB asubiza ko atigeze ayatangirwa akaba asaba kuyahabwa kuko yavanywe ku mushahara we. [9] Me Mubangizi Frank uhagarariye ADEPR yireguye avuga ko ibyo Karangwa John asaba ari ukwirengagiza kuko ari we ubwe wisabiye amafaranga abariye kuri 630,216Frw nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo, akaba atavuga ko atazi aho yakomotse. [10] Ku birebana n’amafaranga yubwishingizi bwo kwivuza, Me Mubangizi Frank avuga ko nta kimenyetso Karangwa John atanga cy’uko umuryango we waba warangiwe kuvuzwa ngo abe ari byo asabira indishyi, cyane ko mu gihe yari afunzwe ibijyanye n’ubuzima bwe byari mu nshingano z’ Urwego rw’u Rwanda rushinzwe Igorora (RCS) kuko n’ubundi ntayo yahabwaga uretse kuvuzwa yarwaye. Avuga kandi ko ukurikije imikorere y’ubwishingizi, umuntu utarwaye adasaba gusubizwa amafaranga ye aba yatanze. [11] Ku birebana n’indishyi zo kudahabwa ku gihe icyemezo cy’umukoresha wa nyuma zingana na 1,890,648 Frw urega asaba, Me Mubangizi Frank avuga ko nazo nta shingiro zahabwa kuko nta kimenyetso agaragaza ko yagisabye ntagihabwe nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo, cyane ko bumvaga atari ngombwa kuko nyuma yo guhagarika akazi gahemberwa Karangwa John yakomeje gukora akazi kajyanye n’umuhamagaro we wo kuvuga ubutumwa mu

Itorero ADEPR bityo ko atigeze ava muri uwo muhamagaro. Avuga ko ibi byashimangiwe mu rubanza RSOCAA00006/07/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 11/01/2008 haburana Harerimana Enos na bagenzi be barega KK Security, aho mu gika cya 31 cy’urwo rubanza havugwa ko abakozi barega ari bo bagombaga kujya ku biro bya KK Security gufata icyo cyemezo. [12] Me Mubangizi Frank yabajijwe niba icyo cyemezo gihari asubiza ko Karangwa John atigeze aza kugisaba, abajijwe niba Karangwa John yari akiri umukozi cyangwa niba yari yarasezerewe asubiza ko yakomeje kuba umukozi w’umunyamuhamagaro n’ubwo yari yaravanywe mu nshingano z’ ubuyobozi, abajijwe niba kuba umukozi w’umunyamuhamagaro ari umwanya w’umurimo uhemberwa asubiza ko

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atari umurimo uhemberwa. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Karangwa John akwiriye guhabwa icyo cyemezo yasubije ko nawe atasobanuye icyo ashaka icyo ari cyo kandi ataje ku cyicaro cya ADEPR ngo abisobanure, kuko yabanje kuvuga ko asaba “to whom it may concern” ariko nyuma akavuga ko asaba “attestation de services rendus” ko kandi kubera ko atigeze atandukana n’Itorero icyo yari gusaba ari “To whom it may concern”. [13] Me Mubangizi Frank yabwiye Urukiko ko n’ubwo batasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengae bifuza kurugaragariza ibyo banenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko rwabanje, ko igihembo urega avuga ko yagombaga guhabwa igihe yari kuba ahagaritswe by’agateganyo yagihawe ndetse agikubirwa inshuro 6 nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 9 cya kopi y’urubanza RSOC00229/2021/TGI/GSBO, akaba ari naho ahera avuga ko Karangwa John yahawe amezi menshi atari ngombwa. Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhaye ingurane y’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka cy’amezi abiri kandi ntabyo yari yasabye mu bugenzuzi bw’umurimo, bakaba basanga ari akarengane ADEPR yakorewe, Urukiko rukaba rukwiye kubisuzuma.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Urukiko rugomba gusuzuma ibijyanye n’umushahara Karangwa John avuga ko yagombaga guhembwa igihe yari afunze, hakarebwa niba koko Urukiko rwarabariye ku mushahara utari wo ndetse n’ibijyanye n’imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza atatangiwe n’indishyi z’uko atahawe icyemezo cy’umukoresha wa nyuma. Haranasuzumwa ibisabwa na ADEPR by’uko Urukiko rwasuzuma ibyo bita akarengane ko kuba Karangwa John yarahawe amafaranga asimbura ikiruhuko cy’umwaka kandi ntayo yari yasabye mu bugenzuzi bw’umurimo. a. Igihembo cy’amezi atandatu Karangwa John atahawe igihe yari afunze by’agateganyo [15] Muri uru rubanza Karangwa John asaba ko yahabwa umushahara wose w’amezi atandatu yamaze afunzwe by’agateganyo, akavuga ko ibyo guhagarikwa by’agateganyo byari gutangira nyuma y’amezi atandatu nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 36 y’Amategeko yihariye agenga abakozi b’abanyamuhamagaro. Avuga ko Urukiko rwabariye ku mushahara utari wo wa 945,324Frw kandi rumubarira 2/3 byawo. Urukiko rugomba gusuzuma umushahara wagombaga kubarirwaho no kumenya niba Karangwa John yaragombaga kubarirwa ku mushahara we wose cyangwa niba yaragombaga guhembwa 2/3 by’umushahara mu gihe yari afunzwe by’agateganyo. [16] Ku bijyanye n’umushahara Karangwa John yagombaga kubarirwaho, Umucamanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo yabaze umushahara Karangwa John yagombaga guhembwa igihe yari afunze ashingiye ku

mushahara wa 945,324Frw. Uhagarariye ADEPR avuga ko amafaranga Umucamanza yabariyeho ari Karangwa John ubwe wayitangiye akaba atavuga ko atazi aho akomoka. Urukiko rurasanga mu nyandikomvugo yo kumvikana kuri bimwe yakozwe n’Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ndetse no mu byo Karangwa John yasabaga mu Rukiko, usanga ibyo Karangwa John yasabye yarabishingiye ku mushahara wa 1,890,648Frw.2 Ahubwo Umucamanza yibeshye mu kumubarira umushahara yagombaga guhembwa mu gihe yari afunzwe by’agateganyo, kuko yakoresheje 945,324Frw3. Biragaragara rero ko umushahara wagombaga kubarirwaho ari 1,890,648Frw. [17] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Karangwa yaragombaga guhabwa umushahara wose mu gihe yari afunzwe by’agateganyo: Ingingo ya 36 y’amategeko yihariye agenga abakozi b’abanyamuhamagaro mu

2 Ibyo Karangwa John yasabye bibaze mu buryo bukurikira: iminsi 15 atahembwe atarafungwa: 1,890,648 x 15/30 = 945,324; igihembo mu mezi 6 yamaze afunzwe by’agateganyo: 1,890,648 x 6 = 11,343,888; iminsi 15 yo guhagarikwa by’agateganyo: (1,890,648 x 2/3) x15/30= 630,216; insimburakiruhuko cy’umwaka kimwe n’indishyi zo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo: 1,890,648. 3 Umucamanza yamubariye 945,324 Frw x2/3 x 6 ari byo byatanze 630,216x6, ariko ku kinyuranyo cy’umushahara Karangwa John yahembwe no ku nsimburakiruhuko abarira kuri 1,890,648Frw.

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Itorero Pentekote ryo mu Rwanda yo ku wa 29/03/2019 igira iti: “umukozi w’umunyamuhamagaro ahagarikwa by’agateganyo iyo (…) 1. afunze by’agateganyo mu gihe kirenze amezi atandatu”. Iyi ngingo irebana n’ibijyanye no guhagarikwa by’agateganyo, ntacyo ivuga ku bijyanye n’uko bigenda mbere y’uko amezi atandatu arangira. Ese umukozi aba afatwa nk’uri mu kazi? Agenerwa iki muri icyo gihe? [18] Ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda igaragaza mu gika cya gatatu, agace ka 3o ko imwe mu mpamvu zituma amasezerano y’akazi asubikwa ari igihe umukozi ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje amezi atandatu cyangwa afunzwe by’agateganyo mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu. Igika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo kigira kiti: isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ribaho mu gihe amasezerano adasheshwe ariko abayagiranye bahagarika zimwe cyangwa zose mu nshingano bari bafite. [19] Ukurikije ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo, usanga ifungwa ry’agateganyo rituma habaho isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo. Ibi binashimangirwa na bamwe mu bahanga mu by’amategeko basobanura ko isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo ari igihe habayeho ihagarara ry’amasezerano mu gihe runaka, akongera kubahirizwa nyuma nk’uko bivugwa n’abitwa MM. Brun et Galland. (la suspension entraine seulement une interruption momentanée dans la vie du contrat, lequel reprendra son cours normal après une période plus ou

moins longue de mort apparente) cyangwa uwitwa M.G.-H. Camerlynck wibanda ku kudashobora kubahiriza inshingano z’amasezerano mu gihe gito (impossibilité temporaire d’exécuter les obligations contractuelles)4. [20] Iyi ngingo ndetse n’ibyo abahanga bavuga bigaragaza ko igihe umukozi afunzwe by’agateganyo bihagarika by’agateganyo (suspension) umurimo yakoraga. Ibi kandi birumvikana, kuko igihe umukozi afunzwe aba atagishoboye kuzuza inshingano ze zo gukora akazi, umukoresha akaba agomba kumenya uko yabyitwaramo. Ni ukuvuga ko amasezerano y’umurimo ya Karangwa John yasubitswe by’agateganyo igihe yari afunzwe by’agateganyo, n’ubwo amategeko agenga abanyamuhamagaro ntacyo abivugaho. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo umukozi agenerwa muri icyo gihe, itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru rigenga umurimo riteganya mu gika cya kabiri cy’ingingo ya 18 ko inshingano buri ruhande rusigarana zigomba kuba ziteganywa naryo cyangwa zumvikanyweho n’impande zombi5. Icyakora ku bijyanye n’isubikwa ry’agateganyo ku mpamvu zo gufungwa by’agateganyo itegeko ntacyo rivuga ku bigenerwa umukozi, ndetse n’amategeko yihariye agenga abanyamuhamagaro yakagombye kubivuga nayo ntacyo abivugaho. Urukiko rurasanga ubwo muri ayo mategeko yihariye nta hateganyijwe ko hari ibyo umukozi adahabwa mu gihe afunzwe by’agateganyo mu gihe kitarengeje amezi atandatu, Karangwa John yari guhabwa umushahara we wose mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu

yamaze afunzwe by’agateganyo, aho kubarirwa 2/3 byawo, kuko byagombaga gutangira kubarwa gutyo ku gihe kirenze ku mezi atandatu. [22] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga Karangwa John yaragombaga guhembwa umushara we wose mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu yari afunzwe by’agateganyo, kandi ukabarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara wa 1,890,648 Frw. Ni ukuvuga ko yagombaga guhembwa 1,890,648 Frw x 6 = 11,343,888Frw. Icyakora, kubera ko yahawe 3,781,296Frw, Urukiko rurasanga ADEPR igomba kumuha asigaye angana na 7,562,592Frw. b. Imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza atatangiwe [23] Uburanira Karangwa John avuga ko ADEPR igomba kumuha amafaranga angana n’imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza atatangiwe ikaba ingana na 884,920Frw. Asanga yarakaswe buri kwezi

4 Bigaragara mu gitabo cyanditswe na Jean Pelisier, Alain Supiot na Antoine Jeammaud: Droit du travail, Edition Dalloz, 22è édition, P443. 5 Icyo gika kigira kiti: inshingano buri ruhande rusigarana zigomba kuba ziteganywa n’iri tegeko cyangwa zumvikanyweho n’impande zombi.

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88,492Frw mu gihe cy’amezi 10 akaba asaba kuyasubizwa, kuko ADEPR itigeze iyamutangira mu bwishingizi bwo kwivuza. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ubundi umusanzu wo kwivuza utangwa n’umukoresha akawuha ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kugira ngo umukozi wishingiwe narwara azashobore kwivuza, ariko ayo mafaranga ntahabwa umukozi mu ntoki. Uretse n’ibyo kandi, Urukiko rurasanga Karangwa John adatanga ibimenyetso by’uko yaba yarananiwe kwivuza kubera ko atatangiwe umusanzu wo kwivuza ngo abone gusaba guhabwa amafaranga atatangiwe, akaba ari yo mpamvu atahabwa amafaranga y’imisanzu y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza asaba. c. Indishyi zo kudahabwa ku gihe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe [25] Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko iyo amasezerano y’umurimo arangiye, umukoresha aha umukozi ibyo amugomba hamwe n’icyemezo cyemeza ko yamukoreye. Icyo cyemezo, kigaragaza gusa itariki yatangiriyeho akazi, itariki akazi karangiriyeho, akazi yakoraga cyangwa ubwoko bw’imyanya y’imirimo yakozeho. Umukoresha wanze gutanga mu minsi cumi n’itanu (15) icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe kandi umukozi yagisabye mu nyandiko, cyangwa ntashyiremo kimwe mu bisabwa nk’uko bigaragazwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, agomba kwishyura indishyi zingana n’ukwezi kumwe (1) k’umushahara uwo mukozi yahembwaga. [26] Karangwa John yasabye icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe nk’uko bigaragara kuri email yohereje ku wa

19/09/2020, asaba guhabwa icyemezo cy’uko yabaye umuvugizi wa ADEPR, ariko yo ntiyigeze ikimuha. Ibyo ADEPR ivuga ko akiri umunyamuhamagaro akaba atagomba guhabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe ntibyahabwa agaciro, kuko Karangwa John asaba icyemezo cy’uko yabaye umukozi uhembwa umushahara ubwo yari umuvugizi, kandi ubu akaba atakiri we. Ibyo ADEPR ivuga na none ko Karangwa John ari we wagombaga kuza gufata icyo cyemezo nabyo ntibyahabwa agaciro, kuko ADEPR itagaragaza ko gihari ngo Karangwa John abe ari we utaragifashe. Ni yo mpamvu ADEPR igomba kumuha indishyi zo kudatangira igihe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe zingana n’umushahara w’ukwezi wa 1,890,648 Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 yavuzwe haruguru. d. Kumenya niba hasuzumwa ibyo ADEPR yita akarengane [27] Uburanira ADEPR avuga ko n’ubwo batatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, bifuza ko Urukiko rwasuzuma akarengane kagaragara mu kuba Karangwa John yarasabye Urukiko kumuha ingurane y’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka atahawe, maze rukamugenera ingurane y’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka cy’amezi abiri kandi ntabyo yari yasabye mu bugenzuzi bw’umurimo. [28] Ku bijyanye n’uko umuburanyi yagira ibyo asaba mu rubanza yarenganyijweho, iyo atari we warusubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, uru Rukiko rwabitanzeho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zitandukanye, rwemeza ko kuba umuburanyi atarigeze asaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku

mpamvu z’akarengane, n’ubwo mu gusesengura imicire y’urwo rubanza, urukiko rwasanga hari aho yarenganyijwe, ntirushobora kugira icyo rumugenera. Ibi byemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00005/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2023 haburana BES SUPPLY Ltd, Akarere ka Gicumbi n’abandi, rushingiye ku zindi manza zatanze uwo murongo6. Twavuga kandi n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00027/2022/SC Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yaburanagamo na SANLAM AG Plc na Tulikumwe Theophile, narwo rwashingiye ku manza zitandukanye, rukemeza ko Umuburanyi utarasabye ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akurikije uburyo n’inzira biteganywa n’Itegeko (…), adashobora kuririra ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ngo nawe asabe ko rwasuzuma ibyo atishimiye muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo7.

6 Twavuga nk’urubanza urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00005/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2022, haburana Kigali Ceramica &Furniture Ltd na Guaranty Trust Bank (Rwanda) Plc, para 45, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00009/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2023, haburana SANLAMAG Plc na Uwihanganye Jean, para 29. 7 Reba izo manza mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza.

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[29] Hashingiwe kuri uyu murongo watanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo ADEPR isaba bidakwiye gusuzumwa. II.2. Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka

[30] Me Irimubuhanga Jean De Dieu ashingiye ku ngingo ya 100 n’iya 111 y’Itegeko rigena imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ndetse n'amabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera by'Abavoka, asaba Urukiko rw'Ikirenga gutegeka ADEPR kumusubiza ibyo yatakaje akurikirana iki kirego, ni ukuvuga indishyi z'ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 500,000Frw n’igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 1,000,000Frw. [31] Me Mubangizi Frank avuga ko ibyo urega asaba nta shingiro bifite kuko ibyo aregera yabihawe ndetse akaba hari ibyo aregera kuri uru rwego bitigeze bisuzumwa mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. [32] Me Mubangizi Frank uhagarariye ADEPR asaba Urukiko gutegeka Karangwa John guha ADEPR igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 2,000,000Frw n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1,000,000Frw kubera gukomeza gushorwa mu manza bitari ngombwa. [33] Me Irimubuhanga Jean De Dieu uhagarariye Karangwa John avuga ko bemera ihame ry’uko utsinzwe yishyura ibirebana n’ikurikiranarubanza, ariko ko igihembo cya Avoka uregwa asaba ari umurengera. Naho ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza avuga ko adakwiye kuko no mu nama ntegurarubanza ADEPR ititabye, ahubwo yohereje Avoka kandi mu gihembo cya Avoka haba harimo no gukurikirana urubanza, bityo agasanga mu gihe yayagenerwa byaba ari ukwikungahaza binyuranye n’amategeko (enrichissement sans cause).

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. [35] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n'ay’ikurikiranarubanza ADEPR isaba itayahabwa kuko itsinzwe urubanza. Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’indishyi z'ikurikiranarubanza angana na 500,000Frw n’igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 1,000,000Frw Karangwa John asaba ari menshi kandi akaba atayatangira ibimenyetso, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko akaba agenewe 300,000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500,000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [36] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Karangwa John gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA00211/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/05/2023 gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [37] Rwemeje ko nta mafaranga y’ubwishingizi bwo kwivuza Karangwa John agomba guhabwa. [38] Rutegetse ADEPR guha Karangwa John ikinyuranyo cy’amafaranga y’imishahara y’amezi atandatu yamaze afunzwe by’agateganyo itamuhaye, akaba angana na 7,562,592Frw.

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[39] Rutegetse ADEPR guha Karangwa John indishyi zo kudatangira igihe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe zingana n’umushahara w’ukwezi wa 1,890,648Frw. [40] Rutegetse ADEPR guha Karangwa John 800,000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza.