KAYITABA vs. WOMEN FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL

# KAYITABA vs. WOMEN FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-12-12 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KAYITABA vs. WOMEN FOR WOMEN INTERNATIONAL [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2022/CA – (Rukundakuvuga, J. P., Ngagi na Kamere, J.) 21 Ukuboza 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Ikosa rikomeye – Ni ikosa rifite uburemere bwihariye, ritihanganirwa na gato, rikomoka ku gukora cyangwa kwanga gukora ku bushake, ubikora cyangwa uwanga kubikora akaba azi neza ingaruka zabyo kandi nta gisobanuro abifitiye, mu gihe ribaye rigatuma abagiranye amasezerano y’akazi bayasesa ako kanya nta nteguza. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amakosa yo mu rwego rw’akazi – Ikosa ryo kutumvira ubuyobozi – Kuba umukoresha atanyuzwe n’ibisobanuro yahawe n’umukozi ntibyafatwa ubwabyo nko kutumvira ubuyobozi ngo bitume amwirukana nta nteguza, ahubwo yaba impamvu ituma umukoresha agira indi ntambwe atera mu rwego rwo gufata ibihano. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Ikosa rikomeye – Kwirukanwa ku kazi nta nteguza – Indishyi –Umukoresha acibwa indishyi ziteganywa n'amategeko iyo bigaragaye ko yirukanye umukozi nta nteguza kubera ikosa rikomeye nyamara ibyakozwe bitari ikosa rikomeye cyangwa iyo yaretse umukozi agakomeza akazi igihe runaka nyuma y’ikosa aregwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kayitaba wari umukozi wa Women for Women International abakaba baribafitanye amasezerano y’umurimo yigihe kitazwi, wakoraga ku mwanya wa “Life Skills and Sponsorship Manager”, yaje kwandikirwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano n’uwo mukoresha we kubera ikosa rikomeye. Ibi byatumye aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kubera ko ibiteganywa n’amategeko bijyanye n’ikosa rikomeye bitubahirijwe, maze abisabira indishyi zitandukanye no guhabwa imishahara atahawe. Umukoresha we yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’Urega avuga ko hari icyo yari yaratanze mbere cyasibwe, ariko Urukiko rwemeje ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko gusiba urubanza nta cyemezo mu mizi kiba cyafashwe ku buryo byabuza Urega kuba yakongera kugitanga bundi bushya. Nyuma y’imiburanishirize mu mizi, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe rwemeza ko ibirebana n’iseswa ry’amasezerano yubahirije amategeko maze rutegeka Uregwa kumuha amafaranga atandukanye atamuhaye amusezerera. Urega yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yasezerewe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, asaba ko yahabwa indishyi zinyuranye yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere, mu gihe Uregwa we yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubu bujurire avuga ko bwatanzwe budakurikije ibihe biteganywa n’itegeko. Urukiko rwasanze Urega ataratanze amagarama ndetse ntiyasaba no gusonerwa nubwo yaje kuyatanga nyuma yo gutanga ikirego, bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe kuko bwakererewe. Icyo cyemezo cyatumye Urega asaba ko urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arabyemererwa maze habanza gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Urega avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba nta kosa rikomeye yakoze ryari gutuma yirukanwa, ko n’amasaha 48 ateganywa n’itegeko mu gihe habaye ikosa rikomeye atubahirijwe, kuko n’ayo masaha avugwa mu itegeko atari ayo kwisobanura nk’uko Uregwa abivuga, ahubwo ari ayo kuba umukoresha yasezereye umukozi kubera ko yakoze ikosa rikomeye. Bityo, ibi akaba aribyo yasabiye indishyi zitandukanye kuva ku rwego rwa mbere ariko ntiyazihabwa. Uregwa asabanura ko Urega yakoze ikosa rikomeye, ari yo mpamvu yasezerewe nta nteguza, ryo kuba atarubahirije igihe yari yahawe cyo gutanga ibisobanuro no kuba yarasuzuguye umuyobozi we akanga

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kumuha raporo, ndetse akaba yaranatanze fagitire zitavugisha ukuri; ko rero indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko yirukanwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ikosa rikomeye ni ikosa rifite uburemere bwihariye, ritihanganirwa na gato, rikomoka ku gukora cyangwa kwanga gukora ku bushake, ubikora cyangwa uwanga kubikora akaba azi neza ingaruka zabyo kandi nta gisobanuro abifitiye, mu gihe ribaye rigatuma abagiranye amasezerano y’akazi bayasesa ako kanya nta nteguza. 2. Kuba umukoresha atanyuzwe n’ibisobanuro yahawe n’umukozi ntibyafatwa ubwabyo nko kutumvira ubuyobozi ngo bitume amwirukana nta nteguza, ahubwo yaba impamvu ituma umukoresha agira indi ntambwe atera mu rwego rwo gufata ibihano. 3. Umukoresha acibwa indishyi ziteganywa n'amategeko iyo bigaragaye ko yirukanye umukozi nta nteguza kubera ikosa rikomeye nyamara ibyakozwe bitari ikosa rikomeye cyangwa iyo yaretse umukozi agakomeza akazi igihe runaka nyuma y'ikosa aregwa. 4. Umukozi wagaragaje impamvu yumvikana yatumye, mu gihe yahawe adasubiza ibaruwa y'umukoresha imusaba ibisobanura ku ikosa aregwa, ntabwo yakwirukanwa nta nteguza azira uko kuba atahise asubiza. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 7, 20, 21 n’iya 111. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 29, 32, 33, 35 n’iya 38. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00004/2019/SC, Havugimana Emmanuel, Mukamana Mamique na Umuhoza Aisha baburana na Candali Vérène n’abandi barugobotsemo, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/07/2020. RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC, Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020. RSOCAA 0003/15/CS, Rugenera Marc na Soras Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/05/2016. RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS, Ntukamazina Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/10/2016. RADA 0027/12/CS, Nshizirungu Bernard na Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/05/2015. RADA 00003/2019/CA, Leta y'u Rwanda / Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda na Ndahayo Pascal rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/06/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 22/02/2011, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yagiranye amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi na Women for Women International, ishami ry’u Rwanda, ihagarariwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wayo, ku mwanya wa “Life Skills and Sponsorship Manager”, ahembwa umushahara mbumbe (gross

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salary) ungana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na makumyabiri (1,120,000 Frw) ku kwezi. [2] Ku wa 10/02/2012, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yahawe ibaruwa n’umukoresha we imumenyesha ko yihanangirijwe ubwa mbere n’ubwa nyuma ku mikorere ye; ku wa 21/02/2012, Umuyobozi we yamwandikiye amusaba ibisobanuro by’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga yahawe igihe yari mu butumwa bw’akazi i Dar Es Salam muri Tanzaniya hagati yo ku wa 11-17/07/2011, yavuyemo ku wa 18/07/2011. Ku wa 27/02/2012, Women for Women International yamwandikiye ibaruwa isesa amasezerano kuko yakoze ikosa rikomeye ryo kuba atarasubije ibaruwa yandikiwe ku wa 21/02/2012 yagombaga gusubiza mu masaha 48. [3] Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge avuga ko yasezerewe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ko n’imihango iteganywa n’Itegeko ku bijyanye n’ikosa rikomeye itubahirijwe. Asaba indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi binyuranyije n’amategeko, izo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze ku gihe, kwishyurwa umushahara w’ukwezi kwa Gashyantare/2012: 760.000 Frw, kwishyura amafaranga y’integuza n’imperekeza, amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara wa Mutarama/2012: 400.000 Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka: 2.000.000 Frw. [4] Women for Women International yazamuye inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie kuko hari ikirego yatanze mbere kigasibwa, yakibyutsa nticyakirwe, bityo ko urubanza rwabaye itegeko, iki kirego cye kikaba kidakwiye kwakirwa. Urukiko rwasanze iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kuko gusiba urubanza nta cyemezo mu mizi kiba cyafashwe ku buryo byabuza urega kuba yakongera kugitanga bundi bushya; bityo iburanisha rikomereza ku bibazo birebana n’imizi y’urubanza. [5] Ku bijyanye no gusezererwa mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko, Women for Women International yireguye ivuga ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasezerewe hashingiwe ku makosa akomeye yakoze yatumye atanahabwa integuza, ariko ko ibihe byo gusesa amasezerano byubahirijwe. Isobanura ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasabwe inshuro nyinshi raporo y’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga yahawe agiye mu butumwa i Dar Es Salama/Tanzania aho yitabiriye amahugurwa yateguwe na Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies (IPCS) ku matariki ya11-17/07/2011, ariko ntiyayitanga bigera n’aho Kayitaba asaba ko $ 850 yayakatwa ku mushahara we w’ukwezi kwa 1/2012, ariko nyuma aza kugaragaza fagitire zitandukanye umukoresha azigiraho ikibazo kuko ngo zitari zujuje ibisabwa harimo n’iz’ibigo bitabaho muri Tanzania ndetse harimo n’izo yatanze kandi amafaranga amwe yarayatangiwe n’umukoresha ayandi yarayatangiwe n’Ikigo cyari cyateguye amahugurwa nk’uko icyo kigo cyabisobanuye. [6] Mu rubanza RSOC 00282/2017/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 18/09/2018, Urukiko rwemeje ko: - ikirego cya Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; - impamvu zashingiweho n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gusesa amasezerano y‘umurimo ya Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie byubahirije amategeko; - nta ndishyi zo gusesa amasezerano akwiye guhabwa; - Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa na Women for Women International imperekeza atahawe ingana na 1,120,000 Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200,000 Frw na 500,000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka; - Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yahawe umushahara we w’ukwezi kwa 2/2012 ungana n’igihe yakoze, atahabwa undi;

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- 400 000 Frw, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yayakatswe ku mushahara mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; - nta zindi ndishyi akwiye guhabwa. Rutegeka Women for Women International gusubiza Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie 50,000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’ikirego, itabikora ku neza urubanza rubaye itegeko, akazakurwa mu mutungo wayo ku ngufu za Leta. [7] Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yasezerewe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, asaba ko yahabwa indishyi zinyuranye yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere. [8] Women for Women International yazamuye inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie kuko bwatanzwe mu bihe binyuranyije n’amategeko. Isobanura ko gutanga ikirego bikorwa mu buryo buteganyijwe n'ingingo ya 7, igika cya 1, n’iya 20 ndetse n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 21 z’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Isobanura ko iyo utanze ikirego cy'ubujurire ugatanga igarama nyuma y'ibihe byo kujurira, bidafatwa ko watanze ubujurire mu gihe giteganywa n'itegeko, ko kuba rero urega yaratanze ikirego akoresheje ubwishyu yatanze ku mahoro cyagwa imisoro y’ubutaka, kandi uburyo bwo kwishyura igarama busobanutse neza ko yishyurwa kuri konti itari iy’imisoro, isanga ibyo ari amayere yakoresheje yo gushaka gukoresha ubwishyu bw’ikindi kintu akabyita igarama. Akaba asanga nta garama ryatanzwe, bityo ingingo ya 21(1) yavuzwe haruguru ikaba igomba gukurikizwa. Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie avuga ko ibihe byo kujurira by'ukwezi byubahirijwe kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe ku wa 18/09/2018, rujuririrwa ku wa 17/10/2018. [9] Ku wa 20/05/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RSOCA 00113/2019/HC/KIG, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko Umwanditsi w’Urukiko adashobora kwandika ikirego mu gihe urega atatanze ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza uretse igihe abisonewe. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie atarasabye gusonerwa amagarama, akaba yari ategetswe kuyatanga ariko ko urubanza rwajuririwe ku wa 17/10/2018, ingwate y’amagarama yishyurwa ku wa 31/10/2018, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe kuko bwakererewe. Rumutegeka kwishyura Women for Women International indishyi zihwanye na 740.000 Frw, atayatanga kuneza agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta, ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [10] Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasabye ko urubanza RSOCA 00113/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo nimero 105/CJ/2022 Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha; ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2022/CA. [11] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 04/12/2023, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yunganiwe na Me Kagame Kimonyo Alexis, naho Women for Women International ihagarariwe na Me Bizumuremyi Isaac; uyu abwira Urukiko ko aretse ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yarajuriye atinze mu Rukiko Rukuru. [12] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie avuga ko nta kosa rikomeye yakoze ryari gutuma yirukanwa, ko n’amasaha 48 ateganywa n’itegeko mu gihe habaye ikosa rikomeye atubahirijwe, kuko amasaha 48 avugwa mu itegeko atari ayo kwisobanura nk’uko uregwa abivuga, ahubwo ari amasaha 48 yo kuba umukoresha yasezereye umukozi kubera ko yakoze ikosa rikomeye. Asaba rero guhabwa indishyi yasabye kuva ku rwego rwa mbere akaba atarazihawe, ndetse zikaniyongera kubera igihe gishize kubera ko amafaranga agenda atakaza agaciro, hamwe n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Women for Women International yiregura ivuga ko

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Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yakoze ikosa rikomeye ari yo mpamvu yasezerewe nta nteguza kubera ko atubahirije igihe yari yahawe cyo gutanga ibisobanuro no kuba yarasuzuguye umuyobozi we akanga kumuha raporo, ndetse akaba yaranatanze fagitire zitavugisha ukuri; ko rero indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite. Women for Women International ivuga ko mu gihe urukiko rwabibona ukundi rugasanga hari indishyi zigomba gutangwa basanga zitagomba kwiyongera kubera igihe gishize kuko bitigeze biregerwa ku rwego rwa mbere, igasoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [13] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izo mpaka rusanga ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa ari ibikurikira: 1. kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; 2. kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yahabwa indishyi asaba zijyanye no kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, no kumenya niba zikwiye kwiyongera ukurikije igihe gishize kubera amafaranga agenda atakaza agaciro; 3. Kumenya niba indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa muri uru rubaza bifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [14] Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie n’umwunganira bavuga ko nta kosa rikomeye yakoze ryari gutuma ahita yirukanwa mu kazi, kuko ibyo umukoresha yise amakosa akomeye ntaho bihuriye n’ukuri; ibyo na byo akaba ari ibi bikurikira: a. kutubaha abamukuriye yanga gutanga ibisobanuro no kutubahiriza igihe cyo gutanga ibisobanuro yari yasabwe; b. gutanga inyemezabwishyu zitavugisha ukuri; c. kutagira ubunyangamugayo nk’umuntu wari ufite umwanya nk’uwe. [15] Ku bijyanye no kutubahiriza ibihe byo gutanga ibisobanuro, avuga ko yahawe ibaruwa ibimusaba ku wa 21/2/2012 ku mugoroba agiye gutaha, maze bucyeye ajya kwa muganga kwivuza, ahabwa ikiruhuko cy’uburwayi. Avuga ko ku wa 27/2/2012, agarutse ku kazi yahise yoherezwa gukorera hanze y’ibiro (kuri terrain) maze ku mugoroba agarutse ku kazi ahita ahabwa ibaruwa yo gusesa amasezerano. Basanga rero byumvikana neza ko amasaha 48 yari yahawe yari atarashira kuko nta munsi n’umwe yigeze aza ku kazi amaze guhabwa ibaruwa isaba ibisobanuro ngo wenda abe yaranze kubitanga, kandi akaba atari kubasha kubitanga atageze ku kazi kubera impamvu z’uburwayi yagaragaje, na cyane ko zimwe mu nyandiko yari kwifashisha zari mu kazi kandi akaba atari gukora arwaye. Muri make, basanga ibihe yari yahawe byari bitararangira kuko kuva asabwe ibisobanuro umunsi yageze ku kazi ari ku wa 27/02/2012 ari nawo munsi yasezereweho. [16] Ku byerekeye kwanga gutanga ibisobanuro, Kayitaba avuka ko ku wa 27/02/2012, akirangiza ikiruhuko cy’uburwayi, igihe yumvaga ko agiye gufata impapuro zo kumufasha gusubiza ibaruwa yari yandikiwe, yatunguwe n’uko bamuhamagaye mu biro bakamutuka, bakamukubita, bakamuha n’ibaruwa yo kumwirukana, bityo bakaba basanga iyi mpamvu nta shingiro ifite. [17] Ku bijyanye n’inyemezabwishyu zitavugisha ukuri, basobanura ko ibyo nabyo atari byo, kuko inyemezabwishyu yatanze ari izo yari yahawe n’abagombaga kuzimuha, akaba ntaho bahera bavuga ko izo nyemezabwishyu zitavugisha ukuri mu gihe nta rubanza nshinjabyaha rwigeze ruhamya ko izo nyandiko ibyo zivuga atari ukuri.

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[18] Muri make, basanga Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasezerewe mu buryo budabukurikije amategeko kuko hashingiwe ku ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 32 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda igihe yasezererwaga ku kazi, umukoresha aba agomba gusezerera umukozi mu masaha 48 abarwa kuva aho iryo kosa ribereye, akaba atari amasaha 48 yo gusaba ibisobanuro kuko iyo wirukanye umukozi kubera ikosa rikomeye atari ngombwa kubanza kumusaba ibisobanuro kuko impamvu uba umusezereye iba ifite uburemere bukomeye butuma impande zombi zidakomeza gukorana. Ibi akaba ari nako byasobanuwe mu rubanza RADA 0027/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/05/2015, aho rwemeje ko bidashobora gufatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye igihe umukozi yakomeje akazi ke iryo kosa ryarabaye. [19] Asoza avuga ko ibimenyetso ashingiraho bigizwe n’impapuro zo kwa muganga (attestations médicales), inyandiko yakozwe na Hussein Mohammed Transport Ltd igaragaza ko yatwaye Kayitaba Mukunde Eugenie tariki ya 09, 12, 14, 16 na 18/07/2011, yose hamwe akaba yarishyuye amadolari 245, n’inyandiko yitwa “Receipt” nimero 241/08/2011 yakozwe ku wa 17/07/2011, igaragaza ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yakoresheje amadolari 245 y’ifunguro n’ibyokunywa mu minsi 10. [20] Uhagarariye Women for Women International avuga Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kuko yandikiwe icyo anengwa, ahabwa igihe cyo kwisobanura cy'amasaha 48 abirengaho amara iminsi 6 atarasubiza ibyo anengwa nta mpamvu, bituma umukoresha amusezerera kuko yari yabiburiye ibisobanuro. Asobanura ko ibisobanuro Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwatanze ku ikosa rikomeye asanga bishimangira neza n’ibyo Women for Women International yakoze kuko yahise isezerera Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie imaze kubona ko ibyo yakoze bitatuma bakomeza gukorana kuko umukoresha yari yamutakarije icyizere. [21] Asobanura ko ikosa rikomoka mu rugendo yagiyemo muri Tanzania akaba yaragombaga kugera Dar Es Salama ku wa 10/07/2011 agatangira amahugurwa umunsi ukurikiyeho ku wa 11/07/2011, ariko ko uwo munsi atahageze ahubwo yahageze ku wa 11 yanatinze ku buryo atigeze yitabira amahugurwa yo ku wa 11/07/2011, ko abateguye amahugurwa bagiye kumutegereza ku kibuga ku wa 10/07/2011 baramubura. Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie akaba yaragarutse hagashira amezi arenga atanu ataratanga raporo y’uburyo yakoresheje amadorari 1500 (1500$) usibye “receipt” y’itike y’indege ya $ 650 umukoresha yagombye kujya gusaba “Agence de voyage” yamugurishije itike, ikibazo kikaba cyari ku $ 850 gusa. Uwari umukoresha akaba yaramwandikiye ibaruwa ku wa 21/02/2012 amusaba gutanga ibisobanuro ku bijyanye n’ayo mafagitire, amuha igihe cy’iminsi ibiri kuba yamaze kubitanga, ariko ku munsi wanyumayari yahawe Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie akazana icyemezo cyerekana ko arwaye (repos medical) y’umunsi umwe wo ku wa 23/02/2012, agomba kugaruka ku kazi ku wa 24/02/2012. [22] Asobanura kandi ko ku wa 24/02/2012, yazanye indi “repos medical” ibariyemo umunsi wa 23/02/2012 wari wabariwe muri repos médical ya mbere, ikaba yaragombaga kurangira ku wa 24/02/2012, akagaruka ku kazi ku wa 27/02/2012, uwo munsi nabwo agarutse ku kazi ku wa 27/02/2012 ntiyatanga ibisobanuro yasabwe ku wa 21/02/2012 bijyanye na $ 850, ageza saa kumi n’igice (16:30) atarabitanga, maze abajijwe impamvu, asubiza ko nta mwanya afite. Ibyo akaba aribyo byatumye Umukoresha afata ko yanze gutanga ibisobanuro yasabwe byo kwiregura ku makosa yari yakoze kuko byagaragara ko izo fagitire yazihimbye bityo anafata icyemezo cyo kumusezerera ku kazi cyane cyane ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yari yarihanangirijwe bwa nyuma ku wa 10/02/2012, kubera andi makosa yari yakoze yo gutwara imfashanyo z’ibikoresho abaterankunga bari bageneye abagenerwabikirwa ba Women for Women International. [23] Ku byerekeye fagitire z’impimbano, asobanura ko zitari zujuje ibisabwa, kaba harimo n’iz’ibigo bitabaho muri Tanzania izo yatanze kandi amafaranga amwe yarayatangiwe n’umukoresha andi akayatangirwa n’Ikigo cyari cyateguye amahugurwa nk’uko icyo kigo cyabisobanuye.

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[24] Naho ku byerekeye uburyo yasezerewe hashingiwe ku byo amategeko ateganya ku wirukanwe ku bw’ ikosa rikomeye, asobanura ko ku wa 28/02/2012, umukoresha yamuhaye ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi, ku wa 29/02/2012 Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie akandikira Umukuru wa Women for Women International ku rwego rw’isi ufite icyicaro muri Amerika witwa Karen Sherman, muri ubwo butumwa bwo kuri e-mail, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yemera ko yakoze amakosa, avuga ko yabitewe n’uko ari bwo bwa mbere yari agiye mu butumwa bw’akazi (mission), asaba imbabazi ndetse amusaba ko aramutse amushubije ku kazi atazongera gukora amakosa nk’ayo; ko rero yirukanywe mu kazi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Urukiko rurasanga impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye kumenya niba ibyo Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie aregwa bigize ikosa rikomeye no kumenya niba imihango iteganywa n’itegeko ku bijyanye n’ikosa rikomeye yarubahirijwe. a. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba ibyo Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie aregwa bigize ikosa rikomeye [26] Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda mu gihe Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yirukanwaga ntiryatangaga igisobanuro cy’ikosa rikomeye. Ingingo yaryo ya 32, mu gika cya 2, yateganyaga gusa ibi bikurikira: icyakora amasezerano y’akazi ashobora guseswa nta nteguza iyo habaye ikosa rikomeye ry’umwe mu bayagiranye. Mu gika cya 3 ivuga ko ikosa rikomeye ryemezwa n’urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [27] Igisobanuro kirambuye ahubwo ku ikosa rikomeye cyatanzwe mu rubanza RADA 0027/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/5/2015. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ikosa rikomeye ari ikosa rigaragaza ko umukozi atubahirije inshingano ze zikomoka ku masezerano y’akazi kandi ritihanganirwa na gato, ko mu gihe ribaye rituma abagiranye amasezerano y’akazi bayasesa ako kanya nta nteguza1. Ibyo bisobanuro byaje kunganirwa n’ibyatanzwe mu rubanza RADA 00003/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/06/2020, nyuma y’uko itegeko ry’umurimo ryavuzwe haruguru risimbuwe n’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018. [28] Muri urwo rubanza, uru Rukiko rwasobanuye ko Umushingamategeko w’u Rwanda, mu ngingo ya 2, agace 7, y’iryo Tegeko rishya, yasobanuye ikosa rikomeye nk’ikosa rikozwe n’umukozi, hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyakozwe, ikitakozwe, imyitwarire, uburyo ryakozwemo cyangwa ingaruka ryateje ku buryo umukoresha aba atagishoboye gukomeza ku mukoresha2. Rusobanura ko ikosa rikomeye ari ikosa ritihanganirwa (faute inéxcusable), rifite uburemere bwihariye, rikomoka ku gukora cyangwa kwanga gukora ku bushake, ugikora cyangwa uwanga kugikora azi neza ingaruka zabyo kandi nta gisobanuro abifitiye. [29] Mu rwego rwo kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yarakoze ikosa riremereye ryatumye yirukanwa ku kazi, Urukiko ruributsa ibikorwa aregwa ko yaba yarakoze, rubigereranye n’ibigomba gushingirwaho hemezwa ko habayeho ikosa rikomeye nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza zibukijwe haruguru.

1 Reba igika cya 18, urubanza RADA 0027/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/5/2015, haburana Nshizirungu Bernard na Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA). 2 Reba igika cya 29 cy’urubanza RADA 00003/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/06/2020, haburana Leta y'u Rwanda / Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda na Ndahayo Pascal.

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[30] Urukiko ruributsa ko ibikorwa Women for Women International ivuga ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yakoze bigize ikosa rikomeye ari ibikurikira nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa imusezerera nta nteguza yo ku wa 27/02/2012: a. kutaba umunyakuri no kutaba inyangamugayo; b. fagitire zitajyanjye n’ukuri kw’ibyo yakoresheje ari mu butumwa; c. kuba atarasubije ku gihe ibaruwa yamusabaga gutanga ibisobanuro ku makosa aregwa (demande d’explication); d. kutumvira ubuyobozi abigambiriye bigaragazwa no kudasubiza ku gihe ibaruwa imusaba gutanga ibisobanuro; e. kuba atarubahirije amategeko ngengamyitwarire (ethics) no kutagaragaza ubunyangamugayo bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru yasabwaga. [31] N’ubwo impamvu zashingiweho yirukanwa zigaragara nk’aho ari nyinshi, Uru rukiko rurasanga zishobora kubumbirwa mu mpamvu ebyiri nyamukuru: ijyanye n’imyitwarire mibi (misconduct) n’ijyanye kutumvira ubuyobozi (insubordination). [32] Ibijyanye n’imyitwarire mibi cyangwa kutaba inyangamugayo, Women for Women International ibishingira ku kuba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie atarashoboye kugaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho uburyo yakoreshe amadolari 850 yahawe ubwo yajyaga mu mahugurwa muri Tanzania, nko kuba amatariki adahura, fagitire zirimo urujijo, aho yishyuza amadolari yasubijwe; nyamara we akaba agaragaza impamvu ya buri fagitire n’ubwo Women for Women International itazemera. [33] Mu gusesengura iki kibazo, dosiye igaragaza ibi bikurikira: - kuva ku wa 11-17/07/2011 Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yoherejwe mu butumwa muri Tanzania; - ku wa 20/12/2011, nyuma y’amezi atanu, Kayitaba avuye mu butumwa, uwitwa Marcellin Mwumvaneza, wari ushinzwe umutungo, muri Women for Women International yandikiye abakozi bagera kuri bane, barimo na Kayitaba abasaba guhuza imibare ijyanye n’ingendo zabo bakabikora bitarenze icyumweru kimwe; - ku wa 09/01/2012, Macellin yongeye kubandikira abihanangiriza; - ku wa 10/01/2012, Kayitaba yasubije Marcellin ko yahuza ibyo afite, noneho amafaranga abura akazayakata ku mushahara wabo; ku wa 18/01/2012, Marcellin yanditse avuga ko abakozi 2 aribo bashoboye guhuza imibare, ko abandi amafaranga abura azakatwa ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2012, nta nteguza. - ku wa 10/02/2012, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’amazi atandatu avuye mu butumwa, Joie Claire Mukakabera, umuyobozi w’umusigire wa Women for Women International, yandikiye Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie ibaruwa imwihanangiriza bwa mbere n’ubwanyuma, amurega kudatanga amakuru, kudakorera mu mucyo, gukoresha nabi igihe n’amafaranga; amubwira ko nagira ikindi kintu akora kimeze nk’ibyo aregwa azafatirwa ibihano birimo no gusezererwa ku kazi. - ku wa 15/02/2012, Joie Claire Mukakabera, yandikiye uwitwa Severine amubaza amakuru ajyanye n’igihe Kayitaba yagereye mu nama yari yoherejwemo, ibiciro bya taxi, ibiciro by’ifunguro n’ibindi. - ku wa 15/02/2012, Severine yarasubije avuga ko tike y’indege yishyurwa n’ugiye mu nama; ari amadorari magana arindwi na cumi (USD 710) akubiyemo ibikoresho

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bitangwa mu nama, icumbi, ifunguro ryo kumanywa n’urugendo rwerekeza Zanzibar akaba agomba kohererezwa abateguye inama; ko Eugénie yasubijwe amadorari mirongo itanu (USD 50) yakoresheje ava ku kibuga cy’indege, kuko yakerewe agasanga abaje kumutegereza bagiye; ku bijyanye n’igiciro cy’ifunguro ryo ku mugoroba ari hagati y’amadolari 10 na 15, naho ingendo zo kuva ahakorerwa inama bajya mu mujyi cyangwa ku cyambu zakorwaga ku buntu; - ku wa 16/02/2012, Kayitaba yasubije ibaruwa yo ku wa 10/02/2012 imusaba ibisobanuro yandikiwe na Joie Claire Mukakabera; - ku wa 21/02/2012, Joie Claire yandikiye Kayitaba amusaba ibisobanuro by’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga yahawe igihe yari mu butumwa bw’akazi i Dar Es Salam muri Tanzaniya hagati yo ku wa 11-17/07/2011; - ku wa 22-24/02/2012, bigaragara ko Kayitaba yari mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi; - ku wa 27/02/2012, Kayitaba yandikiwe ibaruwa isesa amasezerano kuko yakoze ikosa rikomeye ryo kuba atarasubije ibaruwa yandikiwe ku wa 21/02/2012 yagombaga gusubiza mu masaha 48. [34] Nk’uko byagarajwe haruguru nyuma y’uko Marcellin Mwumvaneza, wari ushinzwe umutungo muri Women for Women International yandikiye abakozi barimo na Kayitaba abasaba guhuza imibare ijyanye n’ingendo zabo; ku wa 10/01/2012, Kayitaba yasubije Marcellin Mwumvaneza, ko yahuza ibyo afite, noneho amafaranga abura akazayakata ku mushahara wabo, ku wa 18/01/2012, Marcellin asubiza avuga ko abakozi babiri ari bo bashoboye guhuza imibare, ko abandi amafaranga abura azakatwa ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2012, nta nteguza. Ikindi kandi impande zombi zemeranya ko Kayitaba yakaswe amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane (400,000 Frw) ku mushahara we w’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2012. [35] Urukiko rurasanga hari impamvu zigera kuri eshatu zigaragaza ko nta kosa rikomeye Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yakoze ryatumye yirukanwa ku kazi nta nteguza: a. kuba nta mabwiriza Women for Women International igaragaza agenga ibisabwa umuntu wagiye mu butumwa bw’akazi n’uburyo agomba kwitwararika gutanga ibimenyetso by’uburyo yakoresheje amafaranga y’ubutumwa yahawe; b. kuba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yaroherejwe mu butumwa bw’akazi muri Tanzania kuva ku wa 11-/07/2011 kugeza ku wa 17/07/2011, agarutse agakomeze akazi ke nk’uko bisanzwe, hanyuma ku wa 20/12/2011, nyuma y’amezi atanu arenga, aba ari bwo asabwa ibimenyetso by’uburyo yakoreshe amadorari yahawe ubwo yajyaga muri ubwo butumwa bw’akazi (mission); ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko kudatanga ibimenyetso by’uburyo umukozi yakoresheje amafaranga ya misiyo atari ikosa rikomeye, ahubwo ari ikosa risanzwe, cyane ko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, impande zombi zumvikanye uburyo zikemura icyo kibazo, bityo rero Women for Women International yakoze ikosa ryo kubyita ikosa rikomeye; c. kuba hari n’abandi bakozi ba Women for Women International bandikiwe basabwa guhuza imibare y’uburyo bakoresheje amafaranga ubwo bari mu butumwa bw’akazi (mission), ndetse bamenyeshwa ko ayo batabashije gutangira ibimenyetso bazayakatwa ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2012, bikaba rero byumvikanisha ko byari ibisanzwe kuba umukozi yajya mu butumwa bw’akazi hanyuma ntabashye kubona ibimenyetso by’uburyo yakoresheje amafaranga yahawe, bikaba binashimangira ko nta mabwiriza yihariya Women for Women International yagaragaje agenga ibisabwa umuntu wagiye mu butumwa bw’akazi, bityo rero Women for Women International ntiyagombaga kubyita ikosa rikomeye ngo ibishingireho yirukane Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie nta nteguza, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru ikosa rikomeye

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ni ikosa rifite uburemere bwihariye kandi ritihanganirwa na gato, ku buryo mu gihe ribaye rituma abagiranye amasezerano y’akazi bayasesa ako kanya nta nteguza. [36] Ku bijyanye n’ikosa ryo kutumvira ubuyobozi (insubordination) Women for Women International ivuga ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yandikiwe hashingiwe ku kuba yarandikiwe asabwa gutanga ibisobanuro ku buryo yakoresheje amadolari ya misiyo ariko ntasubize, Urukiko ruributsa ko ubwo Joe Claire Mukakabera yandikiraga Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 10/02/2012 amusaba gutanga ibisobanuro ku bintu byinshi yamuregaga, ubwe yamubwiye ko amwihanangirije ubwa mbere n’ubwa nyuma, ko nagira ikindi kintu akora kimeze nk’ibyo aregwa azafatirwa ibihano birimo no gusezererwa ku kazi. Urukiko rukaba rusanga kuba umukoresha ataranyuzwe n’ibisobanuro yahawe n’umukozi bitafatwa ubwabyo nko kutumvira ubuyobozi, ahubwo yaba impamvu ituma umukoresha agira indi ntambwe atera mu rwego rwo gufata ibihano. [37] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie atarahise asubiza indi baruwa yo ku wa 21/02/2012, Mukakabera Joie Claire yamwandikiye amusaba ibisobanuro by’imikoreshereze y’amafaranga yahawe igihe yari mu butumwa bw’akazi i Dar Es Salam muri Tanzaniya hagati yo ku wa 11-17/07/2011, nabyo bitafatwa nk’agasuzuguro, kuko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yagaragaje ko kuva ku wa 22-24/02/2012 yari arwaye, nk’uko impapuro zo kwa muganga zibigaragaza. Ikindi Kayitaba avuga ko umunsi wakurikiye yagiye gukorera hanze ya biro ye, agarutse mu biro ubwo yiteguraga gusubiza, ari bwo yahawe ibaruwa imusezerera ku kazi. [38] Urukiko rurasanga usibye ko ikibazo cy’ubutumwa bwo muri Tanzania cyasaga n’aho cyarangiye nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kuba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie atarahise asubiza iyo baruwa yandikiwe yo ku wa 21/02/2012, bitewe nuko yari arwaye, nabyo ntabwo byari gufatwa nk’ikosa rifite uburemere bwihariye, kandi ritakwihanganirwa. [39] Ku byo uhagarariye Women for Women International avuga ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yandikiye Karen Sherman, Umuyobozi w’iki kigo ku rwego rw’isi, amusaba imbabazi ari igihamya ko nawe yemera ko yakoze ikosa rikomeye, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko muri iyo baruwa Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie atavuga ko yakoze ikosa rikomeye, nta n’ubwo yemeza ko yakoze ikosa, ahubwo avuga ko niba hari amakosa yakoze, ayasabira imbabazi, kandi ko bitazongera3. b. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba imihango iteganywa n’itegeko ku bijyanye n’ikosa rikomeye yarubahirijwe [40] Nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, ingingo ya 32, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda mu gihe Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yirukanwaga iteganya ibikurikira: icyakora amasezerano y’akazi ashobora guseswa nta nteguza iyo habaye ikosa rikomeye ry’umwe mu bayagiranye. Icyo gihe umwe mu basezeranye abimenyesha undi mu masaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48). [41] Ku bijyanye n’iki kibazo, Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe byagaragajwe ko nta kosa rikomeye Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yakoze ryari gutuma asezererwa nta nteguza, bitakiri ngombwa gusuzuma niba imihango yo kubahiriza amasaha 48 ivugwa mu ngingo ya 32, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru yarubahirijwe. [42] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko impamvu Women for Women International yise amakosa akomeye, atari amakosa akomeye. Bityo hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa indishyi asaba.

3 “If I did any mistakes, I am sorry for that, this will never happen again.”

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2. Kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugenie yahabwa indishyi asaba zijyanye no kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [43] Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie n’umwunganira bavuga ko nyuma y’uko Urukiko rwemeje ko yasezerewe mu kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko basaba ko yahabwa indishyi zinyuranye yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere, zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: Indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi binyuranyije n’amategeko : 1,120,000 Frw x 6 = 6.720.000 Frw, Indishyi zo kudahabwa ku gihe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze (attestation de service rendu): 1.120.000 Frw x 6 = 6.720.000 Frw, kwishyurwa umushahara w’ukwezi kwa Gashyantare/2012 uhwanye na 760.000 Frw, kwishyura amafaranga y‘integuza: 760.000 Frw, amafaranga yakaswe ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa Mutarama/2012: 400.000 Frw, amafaranga y’imperekeza ahwanye na : 760.000 Frw. Basaba kandi ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yagenerwa inshuro eshatu (3) ayo yasabye mu mwaka wa 2012 kubera ko amafaranga agenda atakaza agaciro. [44] Uhagarariye Women for Women International avuga ko nk’uko babisobanuye ku ngingo ibanziriza iyi Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yakoze amakosa akomeye yatumye yirukanwa nta teguza ariko hubahirijwe ibihe biteganyijwe n’amategeko. Bityo ko nta ndishyi agomba guhabwa. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rugasanga yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko yahabwa iz’amezi 3 (minimum) kuko itegeko riteganya amezi 3 kugeza ku mezi 6. Ku bijyanye na attestation des services rendus, avuga ko yayihawe, kandi ko atagaragaza ko yaba yarayisabye bakayimwima. Ku bijyanjye n’amafaranga y’umushahara avuga ko yayahawe nk’uko bigaragara muri dosiye. Ku bijyanye n’integuza, avuga ko atayihabwa mu gihe yahabwa indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga 400,000 Frw avuga ko atayahabwa kuko ari we wasabye ko ayakatwa. Avuga kandi ko ibyo Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asaba yahabwa indishyi zikubye inshuro 3 izo yasabye mu mwaka wa 2012, avuga ko nta shingiro byahabwa kuko bitigeze biburanwa mu manza zabanje, no gukubirwa inshuro eshatu indishyi asaba. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [45] Kuri iyi ngingo harasuzumwa ingano y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, amafaranga y’imperekeza n’ay’intekuza Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie agomba guhabwa, hasuzumwe niba yahabwa indishyi zo kuba atarahawe ku gihe icyemezo cy’umukoresha wa nyuma, hanasuzumwe niba yahabwa umushahara w’ukwezi kwa 02/2012, akanasubizwa amafaranga 400,000 Frw yakaswe ku mushahara w’ukwezi kwa 01/2012. a. Indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [46] Ingingo ya 33, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryakoreshwaga mu gihe Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yirukanwaga iteganya ibikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). Ibi ntibibuza itangwa ry’imperekeza umukozi yari asanzwe afiteho uburenganzira. [47] Mu gusobanura iyi ngingo, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc, rwavuze ko amafaranga umukozi wasezerewe ahabwa ari ahwanye n’umushahara atahana mu ntoki (salaire net) aho kuba umushahara mbumbe. Rwasobanuye kandi ko uwo murongo uhindura umurongo wari wafashwe mu manza zaciwe mbere n’urwo Rukiko, zirimo urubanza RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 05/05/2016, haburana Rugenera Marc na Soras Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG) n’urubanza RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2016, haburana Ntukamazina Jean

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Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME); muri izo manza hakaba hari haremejwe ko amafaranga ahabwa umukozi igihe asezerewe ku kazi abarirwa ku mushahara mbumbe (brut).4 [48] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo amasezerano y’akazi Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yagiranye na Women for Women International, akaba agaragaza ko yahembwaga umushara mbumbe uhwanye n’amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na makumyabiri (1,120,000 Frw). Mu nyandiko ikubiyemo indishyi Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asaba agaragaza ko umushahara yatahanaga uhwanye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760.000 Frw). [49] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, uhagarariye Women for Women International akaba yemera ko igihe byagaragara ko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko yahabwa umushahara w’amezi atatu ariko akaba atagaragaza impamvu. Urukiko rukaba rusanga mu bushishozi bwarwo agomba kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’umushahara we w’amezi atandatu 6) ukurikije uburyo yirukanwemo n’akababaro byamusigiye. Urukiko rurasanga ariko izo ndishyi zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yatahanaga aho kuba ku mushahara mbumbe nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rwa Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc rwavuzwe haruguru, ni ukuvuga 760.000 Frw Frw x 6 = Miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo itandatu (4.560.000 Frw). b. Imperekeza [50] Ingingo ya 35, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: umukoresha agomba guha impererekeza zo gusezererwa ku kazi cyangwa gusesa amasezerano umukozi umaze nibura amezi cumi n’abiri (12) akora nta guhagarika. Mu gika cya kabiri iteganya ibikurikira: uretse ingingo z’amasezerano rusange zibereye umukozi cyangwa amasezerano yihariye y’akazi, umubare w’amafaranga y’imperekeza z’isezererwa, ntushobora kujya na rimwe munsi ya: 1. Inshuro imwe (1) y’umushahara mpuzandengo w’ukwezi ku mukozi ufite uburambe buri munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) mu kigo; 2. Inshuro ebyiri (2) z’umushahara mpuzandengo w’ukwezi ku mukozi ufite uburambe buhera ku myaka itanu (5) kugeza ku icumi (10) mu kigo (…). [51] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yatangiye akazi ku wa 22/02/2011, asezererwa ku wa 27/02/2012, akaba yarasezerewe ataramara imyaka itanu akorera Women for Women International, bityo hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 35 yibukijwe haruguru, afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa imperekeza zihwanye n’inshuro imwe (1) y’umushahara mpuzandengo w’ukwezi. Kuba rero umushahara yatahanaga buri kwezi uhwanye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760,000 Frw) utarahindutse, niwo akwiye guhabwa, bityo agomba guhabwa imperekeza zihwanye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760,000 Frw). c. Integuza [52] Ingingo ya 32, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe”. [53] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC5 rwavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko mu ngingo imaze kuvugwa humvikanamo ibitekerezo bine by’ingenzi: a. icya mbere, ni uko ikoreshwa iyo nta gihe cy’integuza (kivugwa mu ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 yavuzwe haruguru) cyatanzwe, cyangwa igihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe cyose;

4 Reba igika cya 36. 5 Reba igika cya 32.

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b. icya kabiri, ni uko muri icyo gihe amasezerano asheshwe nta nteguza cyangwa igihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe cyose, uyasheje abitangira indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza; c. icya gatatu, ni uko igihe amasezerano asheshwe kubera amakosa akomeye, nta nteguza itangwa, hakaba nta n’indishyi zisimbura integuza zateganyijwe, ahubwo uyasheshe akaba asabwa kubimenyesha undi mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48; d. Icya kane, ni uko Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha rwemeza ko ikosa ryakozwe ari ikosa rikomeye. [54] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 27/02/2012, Women for Women International yandikiye Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie ibaruwa imusezera nta nteguza kubera amakosa akomeye yakoze. [55] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru, iyo nta gihe cy’integuza cyatanzwe, hatangwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza. Kuba rero Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie atarahawe integuza kandi akaba atarakoze ikosa rikomeye, birumvikana ko agomba kubihererwa indishyi zihwanye n’umushara w’ukwezi w’amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760.000 Frw) yatahanaga. d. Ibyerekeye kudahabwa ku gihe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze [56] Ingingo ya 38, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: iyo igihe cy’amasezerano y’akazi kirangiye, umukoresha agomba guha umukozi umushahara wa nyuma hamwe n’icyemezo ko yamukoreye. Icyo cyemezo kigaragaza ko yamukoreye, itariki yatangiriyeho akazi, itariki akazi karangiriyeho n’akazi yakoraga. Mu gika cyayo cya kabiri iteganya ibikurikira: iyo umukoresha yanze gutanga iki cyemezo cyangwa ntashyiremo kimwe mu bisabwa nk’uko bigaragazwa mu gika kibanziriza iki cyangwa se akagitanga atinze, ashobora gusabwa kwishyura indishyi z’akababaro zagenwa n’urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [57] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasezerewe ku kazi nta nteguza ku wa 27/02/2012. Igaragaramo ubutumwa bwo kuri “e-mail” yo ku wa 19/03/2012, yohererejwe na Joie Claire Mukakabera amubwira ko ku mugereka hari icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze (The Certificate of Rendered Service) hamwe n’inyandiko y’umushaha we wa nyuma kugira ngo ayisinye (your final payment statement for you to sign); ku wa 16/05/2012, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asubiza ko ubwo butumwa bwo ku wa 19/03/2012 yabubonye. [58] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yemera ko yahawe icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze, hakaba kandi hari ubutumwa bwo kuri “e-mail” bugaragaza ko yagihawe umunsi umwe n’inyandiko y’umushahara we wa nyuma, akaba yaragihawe hatarashira ukwezi asezerewe, bityo bikaba biragaragara ko Women for Women International itatinze kumuha icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze nk’uko ashaka kubyumvikanisha. Kubera izo mpamvu uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga nta ndishyi zo kudahabwa icyo cyemezo ku gihe agomba guhabwa. e. Ibyerekeye umushahara w’ukwezi kwa 02/2012 Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asaba [59] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo inyandiko y’umushahara wa nyuma Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie agomba guhabwa, ikaba igaragaza ko mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2012 yasezerewe ukwezi kutararangira, akaba agomba guhemberwa iminsi 20 yakoze, agahabwa umushahara uhwanye n’ibihumbi magana atatu na cumi na bitandatu na magana abiri na makumyabiri na biri (316,222 Frw). Igaragamo na none sheki yo ku wa 31/12/2012, Women for Women International yahaye Kayitaba, ayakira ku wa 04/01/2013, iriho amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu na cumi na bitandatu na magana abiri na makumyabiri na biri (316,222 Frw).

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[60] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasezerewe mu kazi ku wa 27/02/2012, bivuze ko ukwezi kwari kutararangira, bityo agomba guhabwa umushahara uhwanye n’iminsi yakoze, kuko umushahara ari ikiguzi cy’umurimo wakozwe6, ariko iminsi yakoze akaba ari 27, aho kuba iminsi 20 nk’uko Women for Women International yayibaze. Urukiko rurasanga agomba guhabwa umushaha w’ukwezi yatahanaga uhwanye n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760,000 Frw) uwugabanyije iminsi 30 y’ukwezi, ugakuba iminsi 27 yakoze. Ni ukuvuga 760,000 Frw:30x27 = 684,000 Frw (ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo inani na bine), hakuwemo ayo yahawe ahwanye n’ibihumbi magana atatu na cumi na bitandatu na magana abiri na makumyabiri na biri (316,222 Frw), bityo agahabwa ikinyuranyo cyayo (684,000 Frw-316,222 Frw), gihwanye n’ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi na magana arindwi na mirongo irindwi n’umunani (367, 778 Frw). f. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie yasubizwa 400,000 Frw yakaswe ku mushaha w’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 2012 [61] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie ubwe yasabye ko amadorari yahawe ubwo yajyaga mu butumwa bw’akazi muri Tanzania atabashije gutangira ibimenyetso by’uburyo yayakoresheje yayakatwa kumushahara we, hanyuma mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2012 akatwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane (400,000 Frw), bityo rero nta kosa Women for Women International yakoze ryo kuyamukata, akaba atagomba kuyasubizwa. g. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Kayitaba yahabwa indishyi zikubye inshuro eshatu (3) z’ayo yasabye mu mwaka wa 2012 [62] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie avuga ko asaba kugenerwa indishyi zikubye inshuro eshatu (3) ayo yasabye mu mwaka wa 2012 kubera ko amafaranga agenda atakaza agaciro, Urukiko rurasanga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2020, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaratanze umurongo ugira uti: ibibazo bitasuzumwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ntibishobora gusuzumwa mu rubanza rwasabiwe gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko umuburanyi atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma7. Kuba rero ibyo Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asaba atarigeze abiregera mu rubanza asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, birumvikana ko ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yahabwa indishyi zikubye inshuro eshatu izo yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere kitagomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza. 3. Kumenya niba indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa muri uru rubaza bifite ishingiro [63] Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko kumugenera amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000,000 Frw) y'ikurikiranarubanza na miliyoni ebyeri (2.000,000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, no gusubizwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000 Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ku rwego rwa mbere, n’ibihumbi mirongo ine yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yose hamwe akaba ahwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi mirongo icyenda (3.090.000 Frw). [64] Uhagarariye Women for Women International avuga ko basanga amafaranga Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asaba ntayo akwiriye guhabwa kuko ari we wishoye mu manza, ahubwo ko Urukiko rukwiye kumutegeka kwishyura Women for Women International amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2,000,000 Frw) y’indishyi zo gusiragizwa mu nkiko, n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2,000,000 Frw) y'igihembo cya Avoka.

6 “Le salaire est essentiellement la contrepartie financière du travail effectué”. 7 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/07/2020, Havugimana Emmanuel, Mukamana Mamique na Umuhoza Aisha baburana na Candali Vérène n’abandi barugobotsemo.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [65] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibi bikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [66] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie asaba agomba kuyahabwa kubera ko byagaragaye ko hari akarengane yagize mu rubanza RSOCA 00113/2019/HC/KIG rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko byabaye ngombwa ko ashaka Avoka umwunganira kuva mu nkiko zabanje kugeza kuri uru rwego. Urukiko rurasanga ariko ayo asaba ari menshi kandi nta n’ibisobanuro ayatangira, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rumugeneye ku nzego zose miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000 Frw) yo gukurikirana urubanza, akubiyemo n’amagarama yatanze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [67] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00113/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 20/05/2020, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [68] Rwemeje ko Women for Women International igomba kwishyura Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie: - amafaranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo itandatu (4.560.000 Frw) y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; - amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760.000 Frw) y’imperekeza; - amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo itandatu (760.000 Frw) y’integuza; - amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi na magana arindwi na mirongo irindwi n’umunani (367.778 Frw) y’umushahara w’ukwezi kwa Gashyatare 2012 nk’uko yasobanuwe haruguru. Yose hamwe akaba ari amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo ine na birindwi na magana arindwi mirongo irindwi n’umunani (6.447.778 Frw). [69] Rutegetse Women for Women International kwishyura Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie amafaranga miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo ine na birindwi na magana arindwi mirongo irindwi n’umunani (6.447.778 Frw), avugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki. [70] Rutegetse Women for Women International kwishyura Kayitaba Mukunde Eugénie, amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, ku nzego zose.