KAYITESHONGA v. BRD

# KAYITESHONGA v. BRD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2012-07-06 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0102/10/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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KAYITESHONGA v. BRD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0102/10/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Rugabirwa na Kanyange, J.) 06/07/2012] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ay’ubwishingire – Agaciro k’amasezerano y’ubwishingire – Kuba uwahawe inguzanyo yasinye amasezerano nta buzima gatozi ifite ntibyatesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ayashamikiyeho mu gihe atagaragaza ko ayo masezerano anyuranyije n’amategeko – Itegeko ryerekeye amasezerano, ingingo ya 560. Incamake y’ikibazo: BRD ivuga ko yakoranye na Kayiteshonga nka perezida wa koperative COPROVAB amasezerano y’inguzanyo ingana na 45.000.000 Frw; maze iyi nguzanyo yishingirwa n’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi ba koperative harimo na Kayiteshonga. Nyuma yaho BRD yaje kurega abishingizi mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ibasaba kwishyura maze abafasha babo nabo bagobokeshwamo ku bushake bavuga ko imitungo y’imiryango yabo itakwishyura imyenda yafashwe n’abagabo babo kuko batabanje kubyumvikanaho mbere yo kuyifata. Urukiko rwemeza ko batsinzwe bakaba bagomba kwishyura 51.024.299 Frws. Abishingizi bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko ubujurire bwa Kayiteshonga nibwo bwakiriwe gusa, naho ubwabishingizi bandi hamwe n’abafasha babo ntibwakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe bukererewe. Kayiteshonga yiregura asaba kutishyura BRD amafaranga angana na 51.024.299 Frws nkuko byemejwe n’urukiko rubanza avuga ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ay’ubwishingizi adafite agaciro kuberako yasinywe na COPROVAB itari ifite ubuzima gatozi. BRD nawe asubiza asaba Kayiteshonga gufatanya na bagenzi be kwishyura nk’abishingiye umwenda wa 45.000.000 Frwswahawe COPROVAB, inavuga ko ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi agamba kugira agaciro kuko yasinywe n’abantu bari bafite ububasha bwo kuyakora, ivuga kandi ko yasabye inguzanyo izi neza ko nta buzima gatozi ifite, bityo ko atagomba kuburanisha inzitizi yerekeranye n’ukutagira ubuzima gatozi kwa COPROVAB. BRD ikaba isaba indishyi z’akababaro zishingiye mu gushorwa mu manza kumaherere hamwe n’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. Kayiteshonga ayisubiza avuga ko atazihabwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba uwahawe inguzanyo yasinye amasezerano nta buzima gatozi ifite ntibyatesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ayashamikiyeho mu gihe atagaragaza ko ayo masezerano anyuranyije n’amategeko. Bityo, uwatanze inguzanyo akaba afite uburenganzira bwo abishingiye umwenda bitabaye ngombwa ko ikurikirana uwo bishingiye kuko bemeye kuzishyura umwenda bishingiye . Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwareze. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko ryerekeye amasezerano, ingingo ya 560.

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Nta manza zifashishijwe: Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 10/01/2006, Banki y’u Rwanda Itsura Amajyambere (BRD), yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo nº 007/2006/UJ/KF/KF na Kayiteshonga Callixte ahagarariye COPROVAB nka Perezida w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi wayo, BRD iyiguriza 45.000.000 Frw yo gukora umushinga wo guhinga no gucuruza ingano, maze abagize Inama y’Ubutegetsi yayo aribo Kayiteshonga Callixte, Birete Guillaume, Ndimubanzi Martin na Butunge Ndamiyabera Pascal, barayishingira (cautions solidaires et indivisibles) nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingire yo kuwa 31/01/2005. [2] COPROVAB ntiyishyuye inguzayo yahawe nk’uko yari yarabyiyemeje muri ayo masezerano, bituma BRD itanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, isaba ko abishingiye umwenda wa COPROVAB bawishyura. Urwo rubanza rwagobotsemo ku bushake abafasha ba Birete, Ndimubanzi na Butunge, aribo Nyiranzage, Kanakuze na Byukusenge, basaba ko imitungo y’imiryango yabo itakwishyura imyenda yafashwe n’abagabo babo mu gihe bayifashe batabyumvikanyeho. [3] Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko Kayiteshonga na bagenzi be hamwe n’abagobotse muri urwo rubanza batsinzwe, rutegeka Kayiteshonga Callixte, Birete Guillaume, Ndimubanzi Martin na Butunge Ndamiyabera Pascal kwishyura BRD 51.024.299 Frw. [4] Kayiteshonga, Birete, Ndimubanzi, Butunge, Nyiranzage, Kanakuze na Byukusenge bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ubujurire bwabo bukorerwa ibanzirizasuzuma, umucamanza wabishinzwe, mu cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma nº RCOM 0030/11/Pré-ex/CS cyo kuwa 23/03/2011, yemeza ko ubujurire bwa Kayiteshonga Callixte, bwakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe mu buryo no mu nzira zikurikije amategeko, naho mu cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma nº RCOM 0023/12/Pré-ex/CS cyo kuwa 12/03/2012, yemeza ko ubujurire bwa Birete, Ndimubanzi, Butunge, Nyiranzage, Kanakuze na Byukusenge, butakiriwe kuko bwakererewe. [5] Birete na bagenzi be bamenyeshejwe icyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma nº RCOM 0023/12/Pré-ex/CS, ariko ntibakijuririra, bituma mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 05/06/2012 hasuzumwa ubujurire bwa Kayiteshonga gusa, ahagarariwe na Me Murekatete Marguerite, naho BRD, ihagarariwe na Me Mafaranga Anastase. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO: Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubwishingire yo kuwa 31/01/2005 afite agaciro

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[6] Uburanira Kayiteshonga Callixte avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 33 CCLIII no ku masezerano y’ubwishingire, rumutegeka gufatanya na bagenzi be kwishyura BRD 51.024.299Frw, rwirengagiza ko batagomba kwishyura ayo mafaranga bitewe n’uko amasezerano y’inguzanyo nta gaciro afite kuko yasinywe na COPROVAB idafite ubuzimagatozi, ko rero amasezerano y’ubwishingire yakoze nayo, nta gaciro afite. Avuga ko indi mpamvu ituma atakwishyura ayo mafaranga, ari uko atasimbura BRD mu burenganzira bwayo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 576 CCLIII. [7] Avuga ko ahubwo BRD igomba kurega abanyamuryango bose ba COPROVAB kugira ngo bayishyure inguzanyo yahaye COPROVAB kubera ko igikora, kandi ko ifite indi Nama y’Ubutegetsi yasimbuye iya mbere. [8] Uburanira BRD avuga ko Kayiteshonga agomba gufatanya na bagenzi be kwishyura BRD 51.024.299 Frw y’umwenda batsindiwe mu Rukiko rubanza, kubera ko aribo bishingiye umwenda ungana na 45.000.000 Frw COPROVAB yahawe na BRD nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingire bagiranye na BRD kuwa 31/01/2005. [9] Avuga ko ayo masezerano y’ubwishingire afite agaciro kuko Kayiteshonga na bagenzi be bayasinye, bari bafite ububasha bwo gukora amasezerano (capacité de contracter), kandi ko biyemereye kuzishyura uwo mwenda igihe COPROVAB izaba yananiwe kuwishyura, ndetse ko baniyemeje kutazireguza inzitizi iyo ari yo yose kabonye n’ubwo yaba ijyanye no gusobanura amasezerano y’umwenda, ko rero ariyo mpamvu yatumye BRD ibarega, aho kwirirwa irega abanyamuryango bose ba COPROVAB kandi nta masezerano y’ubwishingire bagiranye nayo. [10] Akomeza avuga ko Kayiteshonga atagomba kuburanisha inzitizi yerekeranye n’uko COPROVAB idafite ubuzimagatozi, kuko igihe BRD yayihaga inguzanyo, yari azi neza ko itabufite, bituma yiyemeza kuzayishakira ubuzimagatozi ahereye ku cyemezo cya Minisitiri ufite ubucuruzi mu nshingano ze bakoresheje mu gusaba inguzanyo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ku byerekeye agaciro k’amasezerano, ingingo ya 33 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano yakurikizwaga icyo gihe, yateganyaga ko “amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, aba itegeko ku bayagiranye, agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya“. [12] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko BRD yagiranye amasezerano y’ubwishingire kuwa 31/01/2005 na Kayiteshonga Callixte na bagenzi be, aho bishingiye inguzanyo ingana na 45. 00.000 Frw COPROVAB yagurijwe na BRD, biyemeza ko bazishyura iyo nguzanyo bitabaye ngombwa ko BRD ibanza gushakira ubwishyu mu mitungo ya COPROVAB. [13] Urukiko rurasanga amasezerano Kayiteshonga na bagenzi be bagiranye na BRD yujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko kugira ngo agire agaciro, kuko bayasinye bafite ububasha, bakaba nta gahato cyangwa uburiganya bashyizweho kugira ngo bayasinye, bityo kuba nta nenge afite akaba agomba kubahirizwa nk’uko babyumvikanyeho.

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[14] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba BRD ifite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana abishigiye umwenda bitabaye ngombwa ko ikurikirana uwo bishingiye, ingingo ya 560 CCLIII, iteganya ko “Uwishingiye undi ashinzwe kwishyura ugomba kwishyurwa gusa iyo ugomba kwishyura atashoboye kubikora, ubwishyu bugomba kubanza gushakwa mu bintu by’ugomba kwishyura, keretse rero uwamwishingiye yariyemereye kuzahita yishyura bitabaye ngombwa ko ubwishyu bubanza gushakirwa mu bintu by’ugomba kwishyura…“ . [15] Mu masezerano Kayiteshonga na bagenzi be basinye, hateganyijwemo ko bemeye kuzishyura umwenda bishingiye bitabaye ngombwa ko ubwishyu bubanza gushakirwa ku wahawe umwenda, bityo BRD ikaba yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kurega abishingiye umwenda bonyine hashingiwe ku masezerano yavuzwe haruguru no ku biteganywa n’itegeko. [16] Kuba uburanira Kayiteshonga avuga ko amasezerano y’umwenda nta gaciro afite (nullité abasolue) ngo kuko COPROVAB yayasinye idafite ubuzimagatozi, akabiheraho avuga ko n’amasezerano y’ubwishingire nayo nta gaciro afite, Urukiko rusanga iyo miburanire nta shingiro ifite kuko usibye n’uko abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko ayo masezerano yombi atandukanye1, ariko kandi kuba COPROVAB idafite ubuzimagatozi si mpamvu yatuma amasezerano y’inguzanyo afatwa nk’atagira agaciro (nullité absolue) kuko ubiburanisha atagaragaza ko ayo masezerano anyuranije n’amategeko (illicite) cyangwa n’umuco w’imbonezabupfura (immoral), ahubwo kuba idafite ubuzimagatozi bituma itigaragaza gutyo imbere y’amategeko cyangwa imbere ya rubanda (les tiers), bitabujije ko yakora ibikorwa byayo ibinyujije ku bayigize. [17] Kuba na none uburanira Kayiteshonga avuga ko adashobora kuzasimbura BRD mu burenganzira bwayo, mu ngwate z’ibintu bitimukanwa no mu bwizimbe bwayo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 576 CCLIII, Urukiko rurasanga iyo mpamvu nayo nta shingiro ifite, kuko atagaragaza ikosa BRD yakoze ryatuma atayisimbura mu burenganzira bwayo, kuba yarahaye COPROVAB inguzanyo kandi idafite ubuzimagatozi bikaba bitafatwa nk’ikosa rivugwa mu ngingo imaze kuvugwa. 2. Kumenya niba indishyi BRD isaba yazigenerwa. [18] BRD yatanze ikirego kigamije kwiregura isaba ko Kayiteshonga yafatanya na Birete, Ndimubanzi na Butunge kuyiha 5.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro kubera ko bayishoye mu manza ku maherere na 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. [19] Uburanira Kayiteshonga avuga ko indishyi BRD isaba muri uru rubanza itazihabwa kuko Kayiteshonga afite burenganzira bwo kujurira, ko kandi ayo mafaranga ari umurengera. [20] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi uburanira BRD asaba atazigenerwa kuko atagaragaza uburyo yashowe mu manza ku maherere mu gihe ariyo yatangije urubanza ikurikiranyemo umwenda yatanze, izo ndishyi zikaba kandi zidasobanutse kuko zisabwa n’abantu batakiri mu rubanza nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO 1 NTEZIRYAYO Faustin, Le Cautionnement, Etude comparative des Droits belge, français et rwandais, 1994, P.31.

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[21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kayiteshonga Callixte nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko ikirego kigamije kwiregura cya BRD nta shingiro gifite; [23] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 0252/09/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 19/10/2010 idahindutse; [24] Rutegetse Kayiteshonga Callixte gutanga amagarama y’uru rubanza angana na 37.250 Frw, atayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta.