Maniriho v Mukambuguje

# Maniriho v Mukambuguje

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-27 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC00013/2022/HC/MUS - Collection: High Court

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MANIRIHO v MUKAMBUGUJE N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA MUSANZE – RS/INJUST/RC00013/2022/HC/MUS (Mukamuhire, P.J; gasore na Rutikanga, J.) 27 Nyakanga 2023] Itegeko rigenga amasezerano – ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – Umutungo w’abashakanye – Kuba abashakanye bashobora gukorana amasezerano y’ubwumvikane mu kugurisha umwe mu mitungo yabo, ubu bwumvikane ntibwafatwa nka “procuration” cyangwa amasezerano y’ubugure, kuko ubwumvikane bwabo bombi buba bukenewe mu gihe cyo gukora amasezerano y’ubugure bigaragwazwa no kuyashyiraho umukono. Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – kurangiza urubanza – cyamunara – Cyamunara ku mitungo yafashweho ibindi byemezo by’Inkiko kandi byabaye Itegeko igomba guhagarara, kuko cyamunara itakorwa ku mitungo byemejwe mu zindi manza ko igomba kuvamo indezo z’abana cyangwa ko umutungo ukorwaho cyamunara ugaruka mu mutungo rusange w’abashakanye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Mukambuguje arega Nahumuremyi mu nteko y’abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu, asaba ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umurima Nahumuremyi yagiranye na Maniriho batabyumvikanyeho yateshwa agaciro kuko yawugurishije batabyumvikanyeho nk’umugabo n’umugore basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange. Inteko y’Abunzi yemeje ko umurima wagurishijwe Maniriho ugomba kugaruka mu mutungo rusange wa Mukambuguje na Nahumuremyi hanyuma uyu akishakaho amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’uriya murima akayasubiza Maniriho. Nyuma y’uwo mwanzuro, Maniriho yareze Nahumuremyi mu nteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Mudende, avuga ko baguze umurima none akaba yaranze kumukorera mutation, asaba ko niba bidashoboka ko amwandikaho uriya murima, yamusubiza amafaranga yamwishyuye. Iyo nteko yanzuye ko Nahumuremyi azasubiza Maniriho ikiguzi cy’umurima yamuhaye hiyongereyeho n’inyungu. Mukambuguje aho amenyeye umwanzuro w’abunzi b’akagali ka Mudende yarawutambamiye, mu gihe yiteguraga kuburana nibwo yabonye hamanitswe amatangazo yo guteza cyamunara imitungo yabo ibaruwe kuri UPI :4/03/15/03/1268 na UPI:4/03/15/02/2637, bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza asaba ko iriya cyamunara yahagarikwa, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwemeza ko ikirego cya Mukambuguje nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko cyamunara ikomeza. Mukambuguje ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, arujuririra mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwemeje ko cyamunara ikomeza hirengagijwe umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu wemeje ko umurima wagurishijwe na Nahumuremyi ugaruka mu mutungo rusange afatanyije n’umugore we Mukambuguje. Yasabye urukiko kwemeza ko iriya cyamunara ihagarara, hakubahirizwa iby’uriya mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu, kuko wamaze no kuba Itegeko kandi nta wigeze awutambamira.

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Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze mu rubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mukambuguje bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko cyamunara ihagarara. Maniriho ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yasanze ubusabe bwe bufite ishingiro, yandikira Perezida w’urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze amusaba kuburanisha ikirego cyatanzwe na Maniriho cyo gusubiramo urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Maniriho avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwarirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese, ikindi kandi ngo rwamuciye indishyi zidafite aho zishingiye. Maniriho yasabye urukiko kwemeza ko cyamunara ikomeza cyangwa se rugategeka Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste kumusubiza amafaranga yamuhaye hamwe n’inyungu zayo. Mukambuguje avuga ko nta mategeko n’ibimenyetso byirengagijwe kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasobanuye neza ko ubwishyu bwa Maniriho butagombaga kugira ingaruka ku mutungo ma Mukambuguje. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi Maniriho avuga ko yaciwe ataragombaga kuzicibwa, Mukambuguje avuga ko Maniriho yagize uruhare mu gusenya urugo rwe na Nahumuremyi kuko yemeye kugura na Nahumuremyi wenyine kandi ngo azi neza ko afite umugore bigaragaza uruhare rutaziguye yagize mu isenyuka ry’urugo rwabo kuko yari azi neza ko amafaranga amwishyuye ngo ahita ayashyira inshoreke ye. Bityo akaba agomba kubitangira indishyi. Urukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2022/HC/MUS rwemeje ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwibeshye aho rwavuze ko Maniriho yabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu, Ariko ntirwirengagije umwanzuro w’Abunzi bako kagali. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko habayeho kwitiranya inyandiko y’ubwumvikane hagati ya Nahumuremyi na Mukambuguje n’inyandiko y’ubugure. Kuko nubwo Mukambuguje yemeye ko bagurisha umurima kugirango bishyure umwenda ntibivuze ko yamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kugurisha umutungo bafatanyije adahari cyangwa batabyumvikanyeho. Urukiko rwemeje ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rutirengagije inyandiko y’ubwumvikane nk’uko Maniriho abivuga. Bityo Urukiko rwemeza ko nta Tegeko ryirengagijwe mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba indishyi Maniriho yaciwe mu rubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS zifite ishingiro, Urukiko rwemeje ko Maniriho nta kosa yakoreye Mukambuguje ryashingiweho n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze mu kumuca indishyi, bityo ko indishyi yaciwe zivaho. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba cyamunara yari igiye gukorerwa ku mitungo ya Mukambuguje na Nahumuremyi yakomeza, Urukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara igomba guhagarara kubera ko umwanzuro w’inteko y’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu wabaye Itegeko wemeje ko umurima wari wagurishijwe na Nahumuremyi wenyine ugomba kugaruka mu mutungo rusange afatanyije n’umugore we. Inteko y’Abunzi yemeje kandi ko Nahumuremyi wenyine agomba kwishakaho amafaranga yo gusubiza Maniriho

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Rwemeje kandi ko iyo cyamunara igomba guhagarara kubera ko umutungo wagombaga gukorwaho cyamunara utakiri mu mutungo wa Nahumuremyi na Mukambuguje, kuko watanzweho indezo y’abana babo, mu rubanza RC00178/2021/TB/MUH rwa gatanya rwabaye Itegeko. Kuri uru rwego Urukiko rwemeje ko nta ndishyiz’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zitangwa kuko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro kuro bimwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo umuntu yaguze umutungo n’umwe mu bashakanye undi atabizi, uyu (utarubizi)ashobora gusaba ko ayo masezerano ateshwa agaciro. Bityo, iyo ayo masezerano ateshejwe agaciro, Urukiko rugategeka ko uwawuguze asubizwa amafaranga yatanzeho ikiguzi, ikibazo cye kiba gisubijwe nubwo yaba atarabaye umuburanyi muri urwo rubanza. 2. Kuba abashakanye bashobora gukorana amasezerano y’ubwumvikane mu kugurisha umwe mu mitungo yabo, ubu bwumvikane ntibwafatwa nka “procuration” cyangwa amasezerano y’ubugure, kuko ubwumvikane bwabo bombi buba bukenewe mu gihe cyo gukora amasezerano y’ubugure bigaragwazwa no kuyashyiraho umukono. 3. kuba wagura umutungo n’umwe mubashakanye undi atabizi ntabwo ari ikosa ryatuma ubitangira indishyi. Bityo iyo uguze umutungo muri ubwo buryo uwo mwaguze akwizeza ko uwo bashakanye azashyira umukono ku masezerano mwagiranye ntabikore, ntabwo ari ikosa ry’uwaguze ryatuma abitangira indishyi. 4. Cyamunara ku mitungo yafashweho ibindi byemezo by’Inkiko kandi byabaye Itegeko igomba guhagarara. Bityo, cyamunara ntiyakorwa ku mitungo byemejwe mu zindi manza ko igomba kuvamo indezo z’abana cyangwa ko umutungo ukorwaho cyamunara ugaruka mu mutungo rusange w’abashakenye. 5. Indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza ntizitangwa iyo zitatangiwe ibisobanuro kandi uzisaba atagaragaza uwo azisaba. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko No 5/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo Ingingo ya 3 Nta manza zifashishijwe. urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’ URUBANZA: [1] Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yagurishije Maniriho Jean Paul umurima atabyumvikanyeho n’umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie, bituma uyu amuregera Inteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu.

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Kuwa 14/01/2021, Inteko y’Abunzi yemeje ko umurima wagurishijwe Maniriho Jean Paul ugomba kugaruka mu mutungo rusange wa Mukambuguje Lucie na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste hanyuma uyu akishakaho amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’uriya murima akayasubiza Maniriho Jean Paul. [2] Nyuma y’uriya mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu, Maniriho Jean Paul yareze Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste mu nteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Mudende, avuga ko baguze umurima none Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste akaba yaranze ko bakora mutation, asaba ko niba bidashoboka ko amwandikaho uriya murima, yamusubiza amafaranga yamwishyuye. Kuwa 17/02/2021 inteko y’Abunzi yanzuye ko Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yiyemeje ko azasubiza Maniriho Jean Paul ikiguzi cy’umurima yamuhaye hiyongereyeho n’inyungu, bikaba miliyoni imwe na mirongo itanu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1.050.000Frws) mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe, bombi bakaba babyumvikanyeho. [3] Mukambuguje Lucie yaje kumenya ko uriya mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Mudende wabayeho, arawutambamira, mu gihe yiteguraga kuzaburana nibwo yabonye hamanitswe amatangazo yo guteza cyamunara imitungo yabo ibaruwe kuri UPI :4/03/15/03/1268 na UPI :4/03/15/02/2637, bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza asaba ko iriya cyamunara yahagarikwa, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwemeza ko ikirego cya Mukambuguje Lucie nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko cyamunara ikomeza. [4] Mukambuguje Lucie ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, ubujurire bwe buhabwa nimero RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS. Yavuze ko impamvu zatumye ajurira aruko urukiko rw’Ibanze rwemeje ko cyamunara ikomeza hirengagijwe ko habayeho umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu, aho inteko y’Abunzi yategetse ko umurima wagurishijwe na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste ugaruka mu mutungo rusange afatanyije n’umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie hanyuma Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste we akishakaho amafaranga yo gusubiza Maniriho Jean Paul. Yasabye urukiko kwemeza ko iriya cyamunara ihagarara, hakubahirizwa iby’uriya mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu, cyane ko wamaze kuba itegeko kandi nta wigeze awutambamira. Kuwa 25/11/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mukambuguje Lucie bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko cyamunara ihagarara. [5] Maniriho Jean Paul ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, icyifuzo cye gihabwa ishingiro, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yandikira Perezida w’urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze amusaba kuburanisha ikirego cyatanzwe na Maniriho Jean Paul. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe kuwa 20/6/2023, Maniriho Jean Paul ahagarariwe na Me Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, Mukambuguje Lucie yunganiwe na Me Mbarushimana Dominique, naho Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Me Mukeshimana Juliette biburanira. [7] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko batanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS ku mpamvu z’akarengane kubera ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese, ikindi kandi ngo rwamuciye indishyi zidafite aho zishingiye.

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[8] Basobanuye ko ku byerekeye ibimenyetso byirengagijwe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwirengagije umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu, aho rwavuze ko muri uriya mwanzuro haburanye Mukambuguje Lucie, Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Maniriho Jean Paul, nyamara ngo Maniriho Jean Paul ntiyigeze aba umuburanyi muri ruriya rubanza. Ikindi ngo urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste bari imbere y’umuryango ko bagiye kugurisha umurima ngo babashe kwishyura imyenda bari bafite hanyuma amafaranga asigaye bakayikenuza mu bundi buryo, ibi bikaba bigaragara mu nyandiko yo kuwa 16/11/2021. Basobanuye ko ariya masezerano yagombaga gufatwa nk’itegeko hagati y’abayagiranye nk’uko byagenze mu rubanza RCOMAA0042/2017/CS aho urukiko rwemeje ko amasezerano yo kwikiranura ababuranyi bashyizeho umukono yabaye itegeko hagati yabo. [9] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira basabye urukiko gushingira ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru maze rukemeza ko cyamunara ikomeza cyangwa se rugategeka Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste kumusubiza amafaranga yamuhaye hamwe n’inyungu zayo. [10] Bakomeje bavuga ko ku byerekeye amategeko yirengagijwe, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko No 27/2016 ryo kuwa 08/7/2016 ryerekeye abantu n’umuryango iteganya ko abashyingiranywe bafatanya kwishyura imyenda yafashwe mbere na nyuma yo gushyingirwa. [11] Ku byerekeye indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, yasabye urukiko kwemeza ko atagombaga kuzicibwa kuko nta kosa yakoreye Mukambuguje Lucie, ngo icyo yakoze ni ukugura umurima akishyura amafaranga bumvikanye na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste, uyu akaba yari umugabo washyingiranywe na Mukambuguje Lucie, bakaba kandi barasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, nawe ahubwo akaba ataragombaga gucibwa indishyi. [12] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira basubije ku mpamvu zateye Maniriho Jean Paul gutanga ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza kubera impamvu z’akarengane bavuga ko nta mategeko n’ibimenyetso byirengagijwe kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasobanuye neza ko ubwishyu bwa Maniriho Jean Paul butagombaga kugira ingaruka ku mutungo wa Mukambuguje Lucie hashingiwe ku mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu wo kuwa 21/01/2021. Naho ku nyandiko y’ubwumvikane, bavuga ko nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa nk’uko Inteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu yabisobanuye neza ko ubugure hagati ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Maniriho Jean Paul butagombaga kubaho Mukambuguje Lucie adahari. [13] Bavuga kandi ko imyitwarire mibi ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Maniriho Jean Paul ariyo yabaye intandaro yo gusenya umuryango we na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste kuko amafaranga uyu yakiriye yayashyiye inshoreke ye aho kuyakoresha mu nyungu z’urugo rwabo bombi. [14] Bakomeje bavuga ko ibyo Maniriho Jean Paul asaba ko cyamunara yakomeza nta shingiro bifite ahubwo ngo Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste azashyire mu bikorwa ibyategetswe n’umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu wo kuwa 21/01/2021, arangize ikibazo cye na Maniriho Jean Paul bitabangamiye umutungo wa Mukambuguje Lucie. [15] Ku byerekeye ku ngingo y’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwaciye Maniriho Jean Paul indishyi bitari ngombwa, Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gusesengura uko

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ikibazo giteye, usanga Maniriho yaragize uruhare mu gusenya urugo rwa Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Mukambuguje Lucie kubera ko yemeye kugura na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste wenyine kandi azi neza ko afite umugore bigaragaza uruhare rutaziguye yagize mu isenyuka ry’urugo rwabo kuko yari azi neza ko amafaranga amwishyuye ahita ayashyira inshoreke ye. Bakomeza basaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaciwe zifite ishingiro kuko bigaragara ko yari afitanye akagambane na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste ko gusahura umutungo w’umuryango none urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza rushingiye ku myitwarire mibi ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste mu gucunga umutungo w’umuryango, rwabahaye ubutane. Basobanura kandi ko ibi bigaragazwa n’uko mu mwanzuro we Maniriho Jean Paul asa n’uburanira Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste akavuga ko nawe atagombaga gucibwa indishyi kandi we na Mukambuguje Lucie barasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange. [16] Abandi baburanyi ntibireguye ku mpamvu Maniriho Jean Paul yashingiyeho asaba ko urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [17] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira, basabye uru rukiko kugenera Maniriho Jean Paul indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5.000.000Frws, basobanura ko Mukambuguje Lucie yamubabaje mu buryo bukomeye, ko ubu atagisinzira neza kandi ko agenda mu bandi afite ipfunwe kubera ko yaguze umurima akaba atarawuhawe kandi ntanasubizwe n’amafaranga ye. Ibi kandi bikaba byaramuteye igihombo kuko ariya mafaranga aba yarayakoresheje ibindi bikorwa bibyara inyungu, agateza imbere umuryango we. Basabye kandi kugenera Maniriho Jean Paul 500.000Frws y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat. [18] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko indishyi zasabwe na Maniriho Jean Paul nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko nta kosa Mukangamije Lucie yigeze amukorera, ko kuba yararegeye ko cyamunara ihagarikwa bwari uburenganzira bwe, ko yari ari kurengera inyungu ze. Ku nyungu z’ikurikiranarubanza, Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko nazo nta shingiro zifite kuko Maniriho Jean Paul ariwe nyirabayazana w’imanza zose zabayeho, ko akwiye kwirengera igihombo cyose yabayaratewe na ziriya manza. Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ igihembo cya Avocat, bavuga ko nayo nta shingiro akwiye guhabwa kuko Maniriho Jean Paul ariwe wakuruye izi manza zose. [19] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira batanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura, basaba urukiko kugenera Mukambuguje Lucie indishyi zingana na 1.300.000Frws zikubiyemo 500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 300.000Frws y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat. Maniriho Jean Paul ntiyireguye kuri iyi ngingo. [20] Me Mukeshimana Juliette asaba urukiko gutegeka ko cyamunara ikomeza no kumugenera 300.000Frw y’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. Maniriho Jean Paul ntacyo yabivuzeho, naho Mukambuguje Lucie avuga ko cyamunara idakwiye kuzakomeza, ko Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste ariwe ukwiye kuzishyura Maniriho Jean Paul amafaranga yamuhaye ku neza cyangwa se cyamunara ikazakomeza ku mutungo uzaherezwa kuri Nahumuremyi Jea Baptiste nyuma yo kurangiza urubanza rwabo rw’ubutane. Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza yasabwe na Me Mukeshimana Juliette yavuze ko ntacyo bayavugaho kuko atavuze uwo ayarega. Muri uru rubanza hagiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira :

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Kumenya niba hari amategeko n’ibimenyetso byirengagijwe mu icibwa ry’urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2021; Kumenya niba indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaciwe mu rubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS zifite ishingiro ; Kumenya niba cyamunara yari igiye gukorerwa ku mitungo ibaruwe kuri UPI:4/03/15/03/1268 na UPI:4/03/15/02/2637 yakomeza; Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba hari amategeko n’ibimenyetso byirengagijwe mu icibwa ry’urubanza RCA 00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2021: [21] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 5/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [22] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko impamvu bashingiraho basaba ko urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2021 rusubirwamo kubera impamvu z’akarengane aruko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwirengagije umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu wo kuwa 21/01/202, aho bigaragara ko ababuranaga ari Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste n’umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie, ariko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwavuze ko na Maniriho Jean Paul yari umuburanyi muri uriya mwanzuro kandi atari byo. [23] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rutirengagije umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu ahubwo rwasobanuye neza ko muri uriya mwanzuro, inteko y’Abunzi yasobanuye neza ko umurima Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yagurishije Maniriho Jean Paul ugomba kugaruka mu mutungo rusange Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste afatanyije n’umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie kubera ko yawugurishije umugore we atabizi, hanyuma Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste akishakaho wenyine amafaranga akishyura Maniriho Jean Paul. [24] Mu gusesengura dosiye, urukiko rusanga mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS, urukiko rwaravuze ko mu mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu haburanaga Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste, umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie na Maniriho Jean Paul. Nyamara mu by’ukuri siko byagenze muri uriya mwanzuro haburanaga Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste n’umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie, uyu arega umugabo we ko yagurishije umurima na Maniriho Jean Paul batabyumvikanyeho. Urukiko rusanga ariko nubwo Maniriho Jean Paul atari umuburanyi muri ruriya rubanza, ikibazo cye cyafashweho umwanzuro kuko inteko y’Abunzi yemeje ko umurima yaguze na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste Mukambuguje Lucie adahari ugomba gusubizwa mu mutungo rusange wa Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste n’umugore we, hanyuma Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste akishakaho amafaranga yakiriye agurisha uriya murima, akayasubiza Maniriho Jean Paul. [25] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, urukiko rusanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwaribeshye aho rwavuze ko Maniriho Jean Paul yabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu. Ariko kandi kuba urukiko Rwisumbuye

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rwaravuze kuriya, ntibisobanura ko rwirengagije uriya mwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu kuko rwasobanuye neza icyemezo cyafashwe muri ruriya rubanza, aho rwavuze ko inteko y’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu yemeje ko umurima Maniriho Jean Paul yaguze na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste bonyine ugomba gusubizwa mu mutungo rusange wa Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Mukangamije Lucie kuko yawugurishije batabyumvikanyeho. [26] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru no ku biteganywa n’iriya ngingo ya 3 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo yavuzwe haruguru, urukiko rusanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rutarigeze rwirengagiza umwanzuro w’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu nk’uko Maniriho Jean Paul abivuga kuko nubwo atabaye umuburanyi muri ruriya rubanza, ariko inteko y’Abunzi yafashe icyemezo ku kibazo yari afitanye na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste kuko yemeje ko Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste agomba kumusubiza amafaranga yari yamuhaye bagura umurima. [27] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwirengagije inyandiko yo ku wa 16/11/2020 aho Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yumvikanye na Mukambuguje Lucie ko bagomba kugurisha umurima kugirango bishyure umwenda bari barimo hanyuma amafaranga asigaye bakayakoresha bakemura ibindi bibazo. Bavuga ko iriya nyandiko y’ubwumvikanye yagombaga gufatwa nk’itegeko hagati ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste n’umugore we cyane ko yakorewe imbere y’umuryango. [28] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko iriya nyandiko y’ubwumvikane nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa nk’uko Inteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu yabisobanuye neza ko ubugure hagati ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Maniriho Jean Paul butagombaga kubaho Mukambuguje Lucie adahari nk’umuntu basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange. [29] Mu gusesengura dosiye, urukiko rusanga hari inyandiko yanditswe kuwa 16/11/2020 aho Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yiyemeje kugurisha umurima kugirango abashe kwishyura umwenda wa 360.000Frws yari afite hanyuma asigaye akayakemuza ibindi bibazo. Bigaragara ko Mukambuguje Lucie yashyize umukono kuri iriya nyandiko hamwe n’abagize umuryango wabo banyuranye. Urukiko rusanga ariko iyi nyandiko itagomba kwitiranwa n’inyandiko y’ubugure, ntisobanura ko nyuma yo gukora iriya nyandiko Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yari yemerewe kugurisha umurima wenyine atabyumvikanyeho n’umugore we Mukambuguje Lucie kandi azi neza ko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, bivuga ko buri wese afite 50% ku mitungo yose bafite. [30] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki urukiko rurasanga harabayeho kwitiranya inyandiko y’ubwumvikanye hagati ya Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Mukambuguje Lucie n’inyandiko y’ubugure. Ikindi kandi ari Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste, ari Maniriho Jean Paul bombi bemera ko ubwo baguraga umurima, Mukambuguje Lucie atari ahari. Nubwo Mukambuguje Lucie yemeye ko hakenewe ko bagurisha umurima kugirango babashe kwishyura umwenda bari barimo no gukemura utundi tubazo tunyuranye, iriya nyandiko yashyizeho umukono ntiyakwitiranywa n’inyandiko itanga uburenganzira (Procuration), kuko nubwo yakorewe imbere y’umuryango, icyo Mukambuguje Lucie yemeraga nuko hakenewe ko bagurisha umurima ngo babashe kwishyura umwenda bari bafite, banakemure utundi tubazo tunyuranye, ariko ntiyamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kugurisha umutungo bafatanyije adahari cyangwa batabyumvikanyeho.

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[31] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, urukiko rusanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rutarirengagije iriya nyandiko yo kuwa 16/11/2020 nk’uko Maniriho Jean Paul abivuga. [32] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuze ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko No 27/2016 ryo kuwa 08/7/2016 ryerekeye abantu n’umuryango iteganya ko abashyingiranywe bafatanya kwishyura imyenda yafashwe mbere na nyuma yo gushyingirwa, ko kubera iyo mpamvu rugomba gusubirwamo kubera impamvu z’akarengane. [33] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko nta tegeko urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwirengagije ahubwo ko rwasobanuye neza ko ubwishyu bwa Maniriho Jean Paul butagomba kugira ingaruka ku mutungo wa Mukambuguje Lucie hashingiwe ku byemejwe n’inteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Kivumu mu mwanzuro wabo wo kuwa 21/01/2021. [34] Hashingiwe ku byavuzwe haruguru, aho urukiko rwasobanuye ko Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Mukambuguje Lucie bari barashyingiranywe, basezerana ivangamutungo rusange, bivuga ko baba bafatanyije umutungo wose, ko ntawe ufite uburenganzira bwo kugira igikorwa icyo aricyo cyose akora ku mitungo yabo atabyumvikanyeho na mugenzi we. Urukiko rusanga urukiko Rwisumbuye rutarirengagije iriya ngingo y’amategeko yavuzwe haruguru kuko Mukambuguje Lucie atanze gufatanya n’umugabo we Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste kwishyura imyenda bari barimo ahubwo umugabo we niwe wahisemo kugurisha rwihishwa umutungo basangiye, ntibabyumvikanaho kandi azi neza ko nawe afite uburenganzira kuri uriya mutungo, ibi bikaba aribyo byamubyariye ingaruka mbi zirimo gutegekwa kuba ariwe wenyine wishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi yahawe na Maniriho Jean Paul ubwo yamugurishaga umurima, cyane ko atabashije no kugaragariza inteko y’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu icyo yakoresheje ariya mafaranga mu nyungu z’umuryango we na Mukambuguje Lucie, mu gihe uyu we avuga ko ariya mafaranga yakuye mu murima yagurishije Maniriho Jean Paul yayashyiriye inshoreke ye. Kumenya niba indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaciwe mu rubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS zifite ishingiro : [35] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuze ko ikindi kigaragaza ko yakorewe akarengane aruko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwamutegetse gufatanya na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste guha Mukambuguje indishyi zingana na 700.000Frws kandi nta kosa yigeze akorera Mukambuguje Lucie. [36] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze zifite ishingiro kuko yemeye kugura umurima na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste wenyine kandi azi neza ko afite umugore, akaba kandi yari azi neza ko ariya mafaranga agiye kuyashyira inshoreke ye, ibi bikaba bigaragaza uruhare rutaziguye yagize mu kubasenyera urugo kugeza aho ubu urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza rwamaze kubatandukanya burundu. [37] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, urukiko rusanga ibyo Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko Maniriho Jean Paul yaguze umurima na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste wenyine azi neza ko amafaranga amuhaye ayashyira inshoreke aho kuyakoresha mu nyungu z’urugo rwabo, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta kimeyetso babitangiye imbere y’urukiko uretse kubivuga

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mu magambo gusa. No kuba bavuga ko Maniriho Jean Paul yagize uruhare mu isenyuka ry’urugo rwa Mukambuguje Lucie n’umugabo we nabyo nta kimenyetso gifatika babitangiye uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa. [38] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki no ku biteganywa n’iriya ngingo ya 3 y’itegeko riteganya ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo yavuzwe haruguru, urukiko rusanga nta kosa rigaragara Maniriho Jean Paul yakoreye Mukambuguje Lucie ryashingiweho n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze mu kumuca indishyi, kuba yaraguze umurima na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste wenyine uyu amwizeza ko yamaze kumvikana n’umugore we ku kugurisha umurima wabo, ko aza kumusinyira hanyuma, ntibyafatwa nk’ikosa ryatuma aryozwa indishyi. [39] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, urukiko rusanga indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaciwe mu rubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS nta shingiro zifite, zikaba zikuweho. Kumenya niba cyamunara yari igiye gukorerwa ku mitungo ibaruwe kuri UPI:4/03/15/03/1268 na UPI:4/03/15/02/2637 yakomeza: [40] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira hamwe na Me Mukeshimana Juliette basabye urukiko gutegeka ko cyamunara yari igiye gukorerwa ku mitungo ibaruwe kuri UPI:4/03/15/03/1268 na UPI:4/03/15/02/2637 yakomeza kuko bigaragara ko yahagaritswe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [41] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko iriya cyamunara itagomba gukomeza, ahubwo hagomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa ibyemejwe n’Inteko y’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu aho yategetse ko umurima Nahumuremyi yari yagurishije Maniriho Jean Paul ugomba gusubira mu mutungo rusange Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste asangiye na Mukambuguje Lucie maze Nahumuremyi wenyine agasubiza Maniriho Jean Paul amafaranga yari yamuhaye bagura uriya murima. [42] Mu gusesengura dosiye, urukiko rusanga hari urubanza RC00178/2021/TB/MUH rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza kuwa 08/3/2023, urukiko rwemeza ko Mukambuguje Lucie na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste batandukanye burundu, rutegeka ko imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI 1268 na UPI 2637 itanzwe nk’indezo izarera abana bakiri bato maze ababyeyi babo bakazayigabana abana bamaze gukura. Urukiko rwemeje ko indi mitungo isigaye bemeranyijeho ko basangiye bagomba kuyigabana ku buryo bungana, byabananira bakayigurisha bakagabana amafaranga. [43] Mu gusesengura dosiye, urukiko rusanga iriya mitungo yatanzweho indezo y’abana Mukambuguje Lucie na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste babyaranye ari nayo yagombaga gutezwa cyamunara. Cyamunara rero ikaba idashobora gukomeza kubera impamvu zikurikira : Kuba hari umwanzuro w’inteko y’Abunzi b’akagari ka Kivumu wategetse ko umurima wari wagurishijwe na Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste wenyine ugomba kugaruka mu mutungo rusange afatanyije n’umugore we. Inteko y’Abunzi yemeje kandi ko Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste wenyine agomba kwishakaho amafaranga yo gusubiza Maniriho Jean Paul kuko nta ruhare Mukambuguje Lucie yigeze agira mu kugurisha uriya murima kandi ko amafaranga yavuyemo atakoreshejwe mu nyungu z’umuryango wabo bombi. Uyu mwanzuro ukaba

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warabaye itegeko kandi nta wigeze awutambamira, bivuga ko ukomeje kugira agaciro kawo, ukaba ugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Kuba umutungo wagombaga gukorwaho cyamunara utakiri mu mutungo wa Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste na Mukambuguje Lucie, ubu wamaze gutangwaho indezo y’abana babo, kandi urubanza rwabitegetse rwamaze kuba itegeko. Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro : [44] Maniriho Jean Paul n’umwunganira, basabye uru rukiko kugenera Maniriho Jean Paul indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5.000.000Frws, basobanura ko Mukambuguje Lucie yamubabaje mu buryo bukomeye, ko ubu atagisinzira neza kandi ko agenda mu bandi afite ipfunwe kubera ko yaguze umurima akaba atarawuhawe kandi ntanasubizwe n’amafaranga ye. Ibi kandi bikaba byaramuteye igihombo kuko ariya mafaranga aba yarayakoresheje ibindi bikorwa bibyara inyungu, agateza imbere umuryango we. Basabye kandi kugenera Maniriho Jean Paul 500.000Frws y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat. [45] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko indishyi zasabwe na Maniriho Jean Paul nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko nta kosa Mukangamije Lucie yigeze amukorera, ko kuba yararegeye ko cyamunara ihagarikwa bwari uburenganzira bwe, ko yari ari kurengera inyungu ze. Ku ndishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza, Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira bavuga ko nazo nta shingiro zifite kuko Maniriho Jean Paul ariwe nyirabayazana w’imanza zose zabayeho, ko akwiye kwirengera igihombo cyose yaba yaratewe na ziriya manza. Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ igihembo cya Avocat, bavuga ko nayo nta shingiro akwiye guhabwa kuko Maniriho Jean Paul ariwe wakuruye izi manza zose. [46] Nyuma yo gusesengura uru rubanza, urukiko rusanga Mukambuguje Lucie nk’umugore w’isezerano wa Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste yari afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo asangiye n’umugabo we kuko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange. Kuba rero yarasabye ko cyamunara yari igiye gukorerwa kuri imwe mu mitungo yagurishijwe n’umugabo we batabyumvikanyeho ntiyabiryorezwa indishyi kuko kurengera inyungu ze ari uburenganzira yemererwa n’amategeko. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul asaba ko Mukambuguje Lucie yacibwa nta shingiro zifite kuko nta kosa yamukoreye. [47] Mukambuguje Lucie n’umwunganira batanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura, basaba urukiko gutegeka Maniriho Jean Paul kugenera Mukambuguje Lucie indishyi zingana na 1.300.000Frws zikubiyemo 500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 300.000 Frws y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat. Maniriho Jean Paul ntiyireguye kuri iyi ngingo. [48] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, nta kosa Maniriho Jean Paul yakoreye Mukambuguje Lucie ku buryo yagombaga kuryozwa indishyi ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze. Ni nako bimeze kuri uru rwego kuko kuba Maniriho Jean Paul yaratanze ikirego asaba ko urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko gutanga ikirego ari uburenganzira yemerwa n’amategeko kandi byagaragaye ko ikirego cye gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe aho urukiko rwemeje ko indishyi yaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze nta shingiro zifite. Kubera iyi mpamvu rero, indishyi zisabwa na Mukambuguje Lucie muri uru rwego nta shingiro zifite.

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[49] Me Mukeshimana Juliette yasabye urukiko kumugenera 300.000Frw y’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. Maniriho Jean Paul ntacyo yabivuzeho, naho Mukambuguje Lucie avuga ko ntacyo yavuga ku mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza yasabye kuko atavuze uwo ayarega. [50] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, urukiko rusanga ikirego cya Me Mukeshimana Juliette nta shingiro cyahabwa kuko atigeze asobanura neza ishingiro ryacyo, ikindi kandi ntiyavuze uwo asaba ariya mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza yasabye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’ URUKIKO [51] Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze kuwa 25/11/202, cyatanzwe na Maniriho Jean Paul, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [52] Urukiko rwemeje ko indishyi Maniriho Jean Paul yaryojwe muri uru rubanza ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze zikuweho. [53] Urukiko rwemeje kandi rutegetse ko cyamunara yari igiye gukorerwa ku mitungo ibaruwe kuri UPI:4/03/15/03/1268 na UPI:4/03/15/02/2637 harangizwa umwanzuro w`Abunzi b`Akagari ka Mudende wo kuwa 17/02/2021 ihagaritswe. [54] Urukiko rutegetse Nahumuremyi Jean Baptiste kwishyura Mukambuguje Lucie indishyi zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atatu na mirongo itanu (350.000Frw) akubiyemo igihembo cy’Avoka n`amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze. [55] Urukiko rutegetse ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00104/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze kuwa 25/11/202, ihindutse ku byerekeye indishyi gusa. [56] Urukiko rutegetse ko nta ndishyi zigenwe muri uru rubanza kuri uru rwego. [57] Urukiko rutegetse ko nta magarama agomba gutangwa muri uru rubanza.