MIREMBE v RADIANT UNSURANCE COMPANY Ltd

# MIREMBE v RADIANT UNSURANCE COMPANY Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-30 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC00015/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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MIREMBE v RADIANT UNSURANCE COMPANY Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RC00015/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J., Cyanzayire na Muhumuza) 30 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zikozwe n’ibinyabiziga – Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’ubukungu – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntizihabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zinagenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize. Amategeko y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zikozwe n’ibinyabiziga – Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe – Uwari usanzwe akora, watewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kubera ingaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga we (incidence professionnelle), zirimo kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, imvune (pénibilité) mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe no kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mirembe yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arega Radiant Insurance Company ko yanze kumwishyura indishyi zituruka ku mpanuka yo mu muhanda yakoze ikamusigira ubumuga bungana na 55%, ubwo yari ku igare akagongwa n’imodoka RAC 681 D ifite ubwishingizi muri icyo Kigo. Avuga ko yareze nyuma y’uko ubwumvikane bwanze, asaba Radiant kumuha indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’akababaro, iz’ibangamira ry’uburanga, iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, amafaranga yakoreshejwe kubera impanuka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Radiant Insurance Company ivuga ko itagomba kuryozwa izo ndishyi kuko umwishingizi aryozwa indishyi ari uko ikinyabiziga yishingiye ari cyo nyirabayazana w’impanuka, none icyateje iyo mpanuka ni umunyegare wari umutwaye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Uregwa amwishyura indishyi zitandukanye asaba. Iki cyemezo Uregwa yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko atagombaga kuryozwa indishyi zagenewe Urega kuko umunyegare ari we wagize uruhare mu mpanuka yabaye. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Uregwa gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Urega yari yahawe zigomba gukurwaho kuko yakomeje akazi ke akomeza no guhembwa. Rwemeje kandi ko n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi na zo zigomba gukurwaho kuko imvugo y’Urega yo kuba yaragize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 55%, akaba atazageza ku myaka 65 y’izabukuru (pension) agishobora gukora uko yagakoze ari muzima, itahabwa agaciro, kuko naramuka ananiwe akazi cyangwa akagatakaza bitewe n’iyo mpanuka, bitazamubuza kuregera izo ndishyi agaragaza isano byaba bifitanye n’impanuka yagize. Urega ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo bituma yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amaze kubisuzuma Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire na we yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa ashingiye kuri raporo yarukozweho. Mu myanzuro ye Urega avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaramugeneye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hamwe n’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi nyamara yari azikwiriye. Asobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rutitaye ku ngaruka z’ubumuga bwa 55% yagize, ruvuga ko izo ndishyi atazikwiye kuko yakomeje guhembwa. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ubwo bumuga bwamwambuye ubushobozi n’amahirwe yo kuba yapiganira akandi kazi kamuhemba neza kurusha ako yari asanganywe, bityo ubukungu bwe bukaba bubangamiwe n’ubushobozi buke yatewe n’ubwo bumuga.

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Muri uru rubanza, Uregwa avuga ko Urega atagomba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi n’iz’imbangamirabukungu kuko nta “préjudice économique” yagize kubera ko yakomeje gukora nk’uko ibimenyetso yashyikirije Urukiko bibigaragaza, bivuze ko impanuka ntacyo yahungabanyije ku mikorere ye. Avuga kandi ko Urega nta “préjudice professionnel” yagize itewe n’impanuka, ko aramutse agenewe izo ndishyi haba habayeho kwikungahaza nta mpamvu, ndetse n’ibisobanuro Urega atanga ko izo ndishyi zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho ataribyo, kuko izo ndishyi zitangwa mu gihe zari gutangwa zije mu cyimbo cy’umushahara we cyangwa umusaruro atakibona. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntizihabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zinagenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize. Bityo, kuba Mirembe Jackline yarakomeje gukora bitatuma adahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ahubwo agomba kugenerwa izibaze hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga buhoraho yasigiwe n’impanuka. 2. Uwari usanzwe akora, watewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kubera ingaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga we (incidence professionnelle), zirimo kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, imvune (pénibilité) mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe no kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 6 n’iya 75. Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 4, 5 n’iya 6. Iteka rya Perezida Nº 30/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 18 n’iya 19. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC, Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange v. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko re’Ikirenga ku wa 17/04/2025. RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/04/2024. RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Mukaneza Clarisse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024. RS/INJUST/RC00010/2022/SC, Prime Insurance Company Ltd v. Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/12/2022. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Lambert Faivre, Droit du Dommage Corporel, sytème d’indemnisation, 3éd., Dalloz, 1996, ya 182, 185, 193. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 29/05/2020, mu Mudugudu wa Rukora, Akagari ka Gakamba, Umurenge wa Mayange, Akarere ka Bugesera, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, habereye impanuka y’imodoka RAC 681 D yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, Radiant muri uru rubanza, aho yagonganye n’igare ryari rihetse Mirembe Jackline, agakomereka ndetse bikamuviramo ubumuga bwa 55%.

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[2] Ubwumvikane ku ndishyi zigomba kwishyurwa ntibwashobotse, bituma Mirembe Jackline atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba Radiant kumuha indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’akababaro, iz’ibangamira ry’uburanga, iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, amafaranga yakoreshejwe kubera impanuka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [3] Radiant yireguye ivuga ko itagomba kuryozwa izo ndishyi kuko umwishingizi aryozwa indishyi ari uko ikinyabiziga yishingiye ari cyo nyirabayazana w’impanuka, mu gihe inyandiko- mvugo y’impanuka yakozwe n’umugenzacyaha yagaragaje ko nyirabayazana w’impanuka ari umunyegare atari ikinyabiziga yishingiye. [4] Mu rubanza RC00263/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mirembe Jackline gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Radiant kumwishyura indishyi zikurikira: - 27.002.036Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu; - 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro; - 432.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga; - 2.917.620Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi; - 1.441.922Frw yakoreshejwe kubera impanuka; - 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [5] Radiant yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko: - Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko iryozwa indishyi kandi itaragombaga kuziryozwa kuko umunyegare ari we wagize uruhare mu mpanuka yabaye; - Mu kugena indishyi zigomba kwishyurwa, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwagendeye ku mvugo yitiriwe umwunganizi wa Radiant atigeze avuga; - Urukiko rwagennye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kandi zitaragombaga gutangwa; - Urukiko rwagennye amafaranga menshi yo gusubiza Mirembe Jackline ataratangiwe ibimenyetso bihamye; - Urukiko rwagennye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza menshi. [6] Ku wa 26/06/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RCA00174/2022/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Radiant bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko urubanza RC00263/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 31/03/2021 ruhindutse kuri bimwe, rutegeka ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 27.002.036Frw n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 2.917.620Frw zose zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zikuweho, rutegeka Radiant kwishyura Mirembe Jackline 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro; 432.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga; 1.441.922Frw yakoreshejwe kubera impanuka na 1.000.000Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. [7] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku kuba Mirembe Jackline yarakomeje akazi ke akanakomeza guhembwa, rusanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu yari yahawe zigomba gukurwaho kubera ko izo ndishyi zigenerwa uwatakaje akazi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwamuhaga umutungo aba avukijwe n’ubwo bumuga butewe n’impanuka.

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[8] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze na zo zitatangwa kuko imvugo ya Mirembe Jackline yo kuba yaragize ubumuga buhoraho bwa 55%, akaba atazageza ku myaka 65 y’izabukuru (pension) agishobora gukora uko yagakoze ari muzima, itahabwa agaciro, kuko naramuka ananiwe akazi cyangwa akagatakaza bitewe n’iyi mpanuka, bitazamubuza kuregera izo ndishyi agaragaza isano byaba bifitanye n’impanuka yagize. [9] Ku itariki ya 25/07/2023, Mirembe Jackline yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RCA00174/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/06/2023, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze kubisuzuma, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ashingiye kuri raporo yarukozweho, yemeje ko urwo rubanza rwongera kuburanishwa ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RC00015/2024/SC. [10] Mu myanzuro ye, Mirembe Jackline avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaramugeneye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hamwe n’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi nyamara yari azikwiriye. [11] Radiant ivuga ko ikirego cya Mirembe Jackline nta shingiro gikwiye guhabwa, kubera ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hamwe n’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi asaba atagombaga kuzihabwa bitewe ni uko atigeze ahagarika akazi ndetse akaba akinahembwa, mu gihe izo ndishyi ubusanzwe zijya mu cyimbo cy’umushahara. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 09/04/2025, Mirembe Jackline ahagarariwe na Me Mukarugwiza Dinavelle afatanyije na Me Bizimungu Léonard, naho Radiant iburanirwa na Me Nyirangirimana Astérie. Muri uru rubanza hasuzumwe ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba Mirembe Jackline akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza zisabwa n’ababuranyi. I. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba Mirembe Jackline akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu [13] Me Mukarugwiza Dinavelle na Me Bizimungu Léonard bahagarariye Mirembe Jackline bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugeneye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ruvuga ko atazikwiye kubera ko umukoresha we yihanganiye uko ameze, amurekera mu kazi anakomeza kumuhemba, ko ntacyo yatakaje kijyanye n’ubukungu. Bavuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 55%, bisobanura ko yatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukora kimwe no kumubuza amahirwe yo kuba yapiganira akandi kazi kamuhemba neza kurusha ako yari asanganywe, bityo ubukungu bwe bukaba bubangamiwe n’ubushobozi buke bitewe n’ubwo bumuga. [14] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba Urukiko rutarageneye Mirembe Jackline indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, basanga harabayeho kwirengagiza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 30/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, aho iteganya ko abagize ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30% bishyurwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu1. Bavuga kandi ko bashingiye ku kuba igihe impanuka yabaga Mirembe Jackline yari afite umushahara (take home) ungana na 486.270Frw ku kwezi, no kuba yarakoze impanuka mu 2020, akaba yaravutse 1982, bivuze ko yari asigaje imyaka 38 ngo agere mu zabukuru, kubera iyo mpamvu bagasaba Urukiko gutegeka Radiant kumuha indishyi

1Ko mu gace kayo ka mbere ivuga ko iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw’ubumuga n’imyaka ye.

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z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 27.002.036Frw nk’uko zari zabazwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. [15] Basoza basaba Urukiko kuzashingira ku murongo rwatanze mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Mukaneza Clarisse mu gika cyarwo cya 38 n’icya 39, aho rwemeje ko kuguma mu kazi ugakomeza guhembwa nyuma y’impanuka yagusigiye ubumuga atari impamvu yo kuvutswa uburenganzira ku muntu wagize ubumuga buhoraho atewe n’impanuka zikomoka ku binyabiziga. [16] Uhagarariye Radiant avuga ko Mirembe Jackline atagomba kugenerwa indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu kuko nta préjudice économique yagize kubera ko yakomeje gukora nk’uko ibimenyetso yashyikirije Urukiko bibigaragaza, bivuze ko impanuka ntacyo yahungabanyije ku mikorere ye. [17] Akomeza avuga ko kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba kugaragaza ko yagize ibangamirabukungu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka. Avuga ko ibyo bisobanuye neza mu mu gika cya mbere cy’iyo ngingo giteganya ko, iyo impanuka yatumye uwangirijwe agira ubumuga bumutesha akazi ku buryo budahoraho, bikamutesha gufata umushahara we wose cyangwa igice cyawo, igihombo cy’akazi cyangwa inyungu zituruka ku mwuga, afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi zijya mu kigwi cyabyo, akabarwa guhera ku munsi wa kane uhereye igihe yahagarikiye akazi kugeza ku munsi yagaruriye ubushobozi bwo kugasubiraho. [18] Avuga ko asanga ingingo ya 5 n’iya 6 z’Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru, na zo zigaruka ku bijyanye n’uwangirijwe n’impanuka bikamubuza gukora akazi burundu, ko uwo agenerwa indishyi z’ubusembwa bw’umubiri, guhungabana mu bwenge bwe cyangwa kubera ingaruka bifite ku nyungu yavanaga ku mwuga we atagishoboye gukora kubera ubumuga, hakiyongeraho indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka (marriage). Anavuga ko umushingamategeko yateganyije ko izo ndishyi zose zigenwa hakurikijwe iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika, bityo ko ibyo bisobanuye ko utarebera gusa indishyi zitangwa mu Iteka rya Perezida utabanje kureba mu Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru, ngo urebe abo amategeko yemerera guhabwa indishyi. [19] Akomeza avuga ko n’umuhanga mu by’amategeko Yvonne LAMBERT FAIVRE, yabishimangiye mu gitabo yise “Droit du Dommage Corporel, sytème d’indemnisation”, 3éd., Dalloz, 1996, kuri page ya 182, aho avuga ko “Après la consolidation, si le blessé reprend ses activités sans diminution des revunus, il n’y a aucun préjudice professionnel futur….”, kuri page ya 185 ho akavuga ko “…On sait que le principe indemnitaire impose une indemnisation totale de la victime, mais sans enrichissement”, kuri page 193, nanone akavuga ko “pertes subies et gains manqués constituent des préjudices économiques dont la compensation en argent s’effectue dans le cadre classique du droit patrimonial: l’argent reçu en indemnité remplace dans le patrimoine de la victime l’argent dépensé ou non perçu du fait de l’accident et l’action en réparation est elle-même sans conteste patrimoniale”. [20] Asobanura ko kuba Mirembe Jackline yarakoze impanuka ku wa 29/05/2020 agakomeza akazi, nta préjudice professionnel yagize itewe n’impanuka, ko aramutse agenewe izo ndishyi haba habayeho kwikungahaza nta mpamvu (enrichissement sans cause). Avuga ko ibisobanuro bitangwa na Mirembe Jackline ko izo ndishyi zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho ataribyo, kuko izo ndishyi zitangwa mu gihe zari gutangwa zije mu cyimbo cy’umushahara we cyangwa umusaruro atakibona. Arangiza avuga ko ibyo bisobanuro aribyo bashingiraho bemeza ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba kugenerwa, ari na yo mpamvu Radiant itemeranywa n’umurongo wafashwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe z’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, iteganya ibi bikurikira: iyo impanuka yateye ubumuga uwangirijwe bumubuza gukora akazi burundu, agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi kubera ubusembwa ku mubiri, guhungabana mu bwenge bwe cyangwa ingaruka bifite ku nyungu yavanaga ku mwuga we atagishoboye gukora kubera ubumuga. Iyo ngingo igakomeza ivuga ko indishyi zigenwa hakurikijwe iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika. [22] Ibivugwa mu ngingo imaze kuvugwa, byasobanuwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana Mukaneza Clarisse na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd2, binagarukwaho mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024 haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse3, ndetse no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/04/2025, Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yaregagamo Radiant Insurance Company Ltd4. [23] Muri izo manza, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko ibyo ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya, bidakwiye kumvikana nk’aho uwahohotewe wishyurwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ari uwavuye mu kazi burundu, wagatakaje burundu, cyangwa wamugaye udashobora kugira icyo akora, ko ahubwo igikwiye kumvikanamo ari uko uwawohotewe wishyurwa indishyi ari uwasigiwe n’impanuka ubumuga azahorana bw’ikigero runaka; icyo kigero kikaba ari igihombo kizahoraho mu rwego rw’ubushobozi umuntu afite butuma akora. Izo ndishyi zigahabwa umuntu mu buryo bwuzuye (réparation intégrale) kandi zikajyana n’ibyo yangirijwe byonyine gusa, ku buryo ntacyo ahomba cyangwa ngo abikuremo inyungu y’umurengera (réparation du préjudice subi), ibyo bikagenwa hashingiwe ku rugero rw’ubumuga umuntu yagize rubariwe ku ijanisha. [24] Muri izo manza kandi, uru Rukiko rwasesenguye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 18, agace kayo ka 1°, y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/2001 ryo ku wa 28/05/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga5, rusobanura ko iyo ngingo yumvikanisha ko uwahohotewe wagize ubumuga buhoraho ku kigero kirengeje 30%, afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize, ko idateganya ko uwo muntu agomba kuba yatakaje akazi cyangwa umushahara yahembwaga kugira ngo ahabwe indishyi, kuko igihombo cyatewe n’ubumuga buhoraho uwahohotewe yagize, gishobora kuba gutakaza umusaruro yabonaga, gutakaza imbaraga n’ubushobozi yari afite bwo kurangiza neza inshingano ze mu kazi, ndetse no kuba amahirwe cyangwa agaciro yari afite ku isoko ry’umurimo bigabanuka. [25] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Radiant ivuga ko Mirembe Jackline atagomba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko yakomeje gukora, akaba ntacyo yatakaje mu rwego rw’ubukungu. Nk’uko byasobanuwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza zagaragajwe haruguru, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntizihabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zinagenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize, bityo ibyo Radiant ivuga bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [26] Ku bivugwa na Radiant ko itemeranywa n’umurongo wafashwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC, uwo murongo ukaba warakomeje gushimangirwa no mu zindi manza zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko ruributsa ko igihe cyose umurongo wafashwe n’inkiko utarahinduka

2 Reba igika cya 29. 3 Reba igika cya 26. 4 Reba igika cya 18. 5 Iyo ngingo iteganya uburyo abagize ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30% bishyurwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ko iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw’ubumuga n’imyaka ye.

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ukomeza gufatwa nk’itegeko, ko kandi gusaba ko uhinduka bikorwa mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko6. [27] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko Mirembe Jackline yakomerekeye mu mpanuka yatewe n’imodoka yishingiwe na Radiant ikamusigira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 55%, kandi ibi impande zombi zibyemeranyaho. Dosiye igaragaza kandi icyemezo cyerekana ko yahembwaga 486.270Frw ku kwezi, n’ikigaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 12/12/1982, bivuze ko akora impanuka yari afite imyaka 37, amezi 5, n’iminsi 17, bityo akaba yari asigaje imyaka 26, amezi 6 n’iminsi 13. [28] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Mirembe Jackline yarakomeje gukora bitatuma adahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu nk’uko Radiant ibyifuza, ahubwo agomba kugenerwa izibaze hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga buhoraho yasigiwe n’impanuka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18, agace kayo ka 1°, y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/2001 ryo ku wa 28/05/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Izo ndishyi zikaba zibaze mu buryo bukurikira: 16.209Frw7 x 30 x 12 x 26.5 x 55% = 24.365.951 Frw 1+ (9.3988 % x 26.5) 2. Kumenya niba Mirembe Jackline akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi [29] Uhagarariye Mirembe Jackline avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugeneye indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi, rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 30/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga riteganya uburyo bwo kubara indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ku bantu basanzwe bakora, rinateganya kandi ko indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ari amezi 6 y’umushahara umuntu atahana, ko ari nako Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023 rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024 guhera kuri 53-55. [30] Asoza avuga ko Radiant igomba kumwishyura indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi (préjudice de carrière) zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 486.270 Frw x 30 x 6 = 2.917.620Frw, nk’uko yari yazigenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. [31] Uhagarariye Radiant avuga ko izo ndishyi zitagomba gutangwa kuko atigeze atakaza uburambe mu kazi, ko ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 30/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru bashingiraho bazisaba iteganya ko ugomba kugenerwa izo ndishyi ari umukozi watakaje uburambe mu kazi cyangwa umunyeshuri watakaje amahirwe y’akazi. [32] Avuga ko hakurikijwe ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye, bigaragara ko Mirembe Jackline agikora akazi yakoraga kuva impanuka yaba kandi na we mu myanzuro ye yatanze mu Rukiko akaba yemera ko agikora. Asoza asaba Urukiko kuzashingira ku rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 02/12/2022 haburana Prime Insurance Company Ltd na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, aho rwemeje ko izo ndishyi zitagomba guhabwa umuntu utarigeze atakaza uburambe mu kazi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

6 Ingingo ya 65, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo gusubiramo umurongo wafashwe n’inkiko ku manza zarangije inzira z’ubujurire hagamijwe kurengera itegeko no gutanga umurongo ngenderwaho rubisabwe n’Urugaga rw’Abavoka cyangwa Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru. 7Aya ni amafaranga akorera ku munsi. 8Iki ni igipimo cy’ibitsa kigaragara ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BNR) ku munsi w’isomwa ry’urubanza.

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[33] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/04/20259, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi mu byiciro bibiri ari byo gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi ku munyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, ay’imyuga, aya kaminuza cyangwa andi angana nayo, no gutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. Igika cya nyuma cy’iyo ngingo cyo giteganya ko ku muntu wari usanzwe akora, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zigarukira gusa ku mezi atandatu y’umusaruro abazwe kandi atarengeje inshuro 30 umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. [34] Ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba uwatewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu manza zinyuranye10, aho rwavuze ko uwari usanzwe akora, watewe ubumuga buhoraho n’impanuka, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kubera ingaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga we (incidence professionnelle), harimo: (i) kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, (ii) imvune (pénibilité) mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe no (iii) kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera. [35] Urukiko rushingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga impanuka Mirembe Jackline yakomerekeyemo, yaramusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 55%, byumvikana ko n’ubwo yakomeje gukora, ubwo bumuga bufite ingaruka zituma atakomeza gukora akazi ke mu buryo bumworoheye nk’uko yagakoraga mbere atarakora impanuka, ndetse bikaba bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mahirwe ye yo kuzamurwa mu ntera, akaba agomba rero kubiherwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 16.209 Frw x 30 x 6 = 2.917.620 Frw. [36] Ku birebana n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 02/12/2022 haburana Prime Insurance Company Ltd na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude Radiant isaba ko washingirwaho, Urukiko rurasanga ibibazo byasuzumwe muri izo manza bitandukanye, bityo umungo watanzwe muri urwo rubanza ukaba utakwifashishwa. Mu rubanza rwa Prime Insurance Company Ltd na Uwimanimpaye Jean Claude, hasuzumwaga ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umuntu utagaragaza ko hari akazi yagiraga igihe cy’impanuka yagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, mu gihe icyasuzumwe muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba uwari ufite akazi ntagatakaze kubera impanuka agakomeza guhembwa yahabwa bene izo ndishyi. 3. Gusuzuma ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi muri uru rubanza [37] Ku ruhande rwa Mirembe Jackline basaba ko Radiant yamuha 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza mu gihe urukiko rwasanga mu rubanza basabye ko rusubirwamo harabayemo akarengane, ko kandi kuba barazisabye igihe cy’inama ntegurarubanza batarazisabye mu myanzuro nta kosa ririmo. Bakomeza bavuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Radiant itazihabwa kubera ko itashowe mu rubanza ku maherere nk’uko ibivuga. [38] Uhagarariye Radiant avuga ko ikibazo cy’indishyi zisabwa na Mirembe Jackline kitasuzumwa kubera ko mu myanzuro ye ntazo yari yasabye akatazisaba mu nama ntegurarubanza. Arangiza asaba

9Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, igika cya 27. 10Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana Mukaneza Clarisse na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, igika cya 53-55; urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/04/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse, igika cya 35- 38 n’urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange na Radiant, igika cya 28-29.

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ko ahubwo ari Radiant ikwiye kugenerwa 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kubera kuyishora mu manza nta mpamvu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka Mirembe Jackline asaba agomba kuyahabwa kubera ko ari we utsinze urubanza kandi bikaba bigaragara ko yagombye gushaka abavoka bo kumuburanira. Rurasanga ariko 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ari menshi kandi atagaragaza ko ariyo yakoresheje, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo akaba agenewe 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 800.000Frw. [40] Ku bivugwa n’uhagarariye Radiant ko ikibazo cy’indishyi zisabwa na Mirembe Jackline kidakwiye gusuzumwa kubera ko atakigaragaje mu myanzuro akakivuga mu nama ntegurarubanza, Urukiko rurasanga iryo atari ikosa ryatuma kidasuzumwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 6, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteganya ko ikiburanwa kigenwa n’ibisabwa na buri mu muburanyi, ko ibisabwa bigaragarira mu myanzuro iregera urukiko n’imyanzuro yo kwiregura, bigashimangirwa mu nama ntegurarubanza mu manza iteganyijwemo. Urukiko rukaba rusanga rero nta kosa ririmo kuba umuburanyi yasanga hari icyo yibagiwe mu myanzuro yashyikirije urukiko arega akakivuga mu nama ntegurarubanza. Ikibujijwe, uretse igihe byaba byatangiwe uruhushya n’urukiko, ni ukohereza imyanzuro y’urubanza cyangwa inyandiko ikubiyemo ingingo ziburanishwa nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza11. [41] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Radiant, Urukiko rurasanga ntayo igomba guhabwa kubera ko itsinzwe urubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [42] Rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Mirembe Jackline cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00174/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/06/2023, gifite ishingiro. [43] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00174/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/06/2023, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi. [44] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Mirembe Jackline indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 24.365.951Frw, n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 2.917.620Frw, yose hamwe akaba 27.283.571Frw. [45] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Mirembe Jackline 800.000Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza.

11Ingingo ya 75, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe.