MUDATSIKIRA vs GISANABAGABO N’ABANDI

# MUDATSIKIRA vs GISANABAGABO N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-04-26 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00003/2024/CA-RCAA 00004/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUDATSIKIRA vs GISANABAGABO N’ABANDI. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00003/2024/CA-RCAA 00004/2024/CA (Ngagi; P.J.) 26 Mata 2024] Amategeko mbonezamubano – Itegeko rigenga Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure – Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo ntibihagije k’ ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite. Amategeko mbonezamubano – Itegeko rigenga Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure – Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – Ubutaka, nk’umutungo uri mu murage rusange w’imbaga y’abanyarwanda bose, Umushingamategeko yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, ategeka ko kugira ngo agire agaciro hubahirizwa imihango yihariye ajyanye n’iyandikisha ry’umutungo, ari naryo rihesha uwaguze uburenganzira ku mutungo we. Amategeko mbonezamubano – Itegeko rigenga Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure – Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ntibukorerwa imbere ya Noteri uwo ariwe wese ahubwo bukorerwa imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka. Incamake y’ikibazo: uru rubanza rwatangiye Mudatsikira Valens arega Sinayobye Emmanuel na Gisanabagabo Félicien mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze asaba gukorerwa ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka (mutation), rishingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1 yagiranye na Gisanabagabo Félicien ahagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel. Iyo nzu igurwa ku mafaranga angana na miliyoni ijana (100.000.000Frw), ariko ntiyahita yandikwaho umutungo yaguze. Agiye gusaba gukorerwa ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka asanga icyo kibanza cyanditswe kuri Habimana Jean Marie Vianney. Sinayobye Emmanuel yireguye avuga ko ikirego cya Mudatsikira Valens nta shingiro gifite kuko Gisanabagabo Félicien wamugurishije uwo mutungo nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuwugurisha. Gisanabagabo Félicien yiregura avuga ko yagurishije uwo mutungo yabiherewe uburenganzira na Sinayobye Emmanuel. Habimana Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko amasezerano Mudatsikira Valens ashingiraho ari ay’agateganyo yagombaga kwemezwa na Sinayobye Emmanuel, ko kuba atarayemeje yateshejwe agaciro, ko kandi banditse ko iyo nzu yanditse kuri Sinayobye Emmanuel kandi yanditswe kuri Habimana Jean Marie Vianney, bityo ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00050/2021/TGI/MUS rwasanze amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Gisanabagabo Félicien, Nzabonimpa Ildephonse na Mudatsikira Valens atagira ingaruka kuri Sinayobye Emmanuel kuko atayashyizeho umukono, cyangwa se ngo atange uburenganzira bwanditse bwo kumuhagararira muri ayo masezerano; ndetse ko atazi n’icyo amafaranga yavuye muri ubwo bugure yamaze. Rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mudatsikira Valens nta shingiro gifite, ko umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI : 4/03/08/03/1 utagomba kumwandikwaho. Mudatsikira Valens ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize yurwo rubanza, arujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rutagombaga kwanzura ko ubugure bwabaye hagati ya Gisanabagabo Félicien uhagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel na Mudatsikira Valens butakurikije amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’igurisha kandi Sinayobye Emmanuel hari ibyo yemereye umuryango we urimo na Gisanabagabo Félicien umuhagarariye kuva mu mwaka wa 2003; akaba asanga ibyo byari gutuma Urukiko rubona ko Sinayobye Emmanuel yari yaremereye Gisanabagabo Félicien kugurisha mu izina rye.

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Gisanabagabo Félicien na we yarajuriye, avuga ko uburenganzira yashingiyeho agurisha bumaze imyaka, nyamara Sinayobye yashatse kumuhinduka, ko yagurishije kugira ngo yishyure amafaranga atandukanye y’ibikorwa yakoze mu nyungu za Sinayobye Emmanuel, kandi ko nyuma yo kugurisha yamumenyesheje uburyo amafaranga yavuye muri ubwo bugure yakoreshejwe. Sinayobye Emmanuel ntiyitabye Urukiko, ariko mu myanzuro yireguye avuga ko atigeze aha Gisanabagabo Félicien uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ubutaka buburanwa muri uru rubanza, ko ubugure Gisanabagabo yagiranye na Mudatsikira Valens nta cyo abuziho, bityo ko nta gaciro bufite. Yasabye guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye. Habimana Jean Marie Vianney yavuze ko ikibanza kiburanwa ari icye kuko afite icyangombwa kandi ko agitunze kubera ubwumvikane yagiranye na nyir’ikibanza ari we Sinayobye Emmanuel. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00011/2023/HC/MUS, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubazanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC, Twizerimana Theoneste yaburanagamo na Manizabayo Kennedy, no ku rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC, haburana Nsengiyumva na Ntagungira n’abandi, uvuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa agomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Mudatsikira Valens ndetse na Gisanabagabo Félicien nta shingiro gifite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa igumyeho, ko Hahindutse gusa impamvu zashingiweho Urukiko rufata icyemezo. Mudatsikira Valens yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, Gisanabagabo Félicien nawe arajurira, Urukiko twabanje gusuzumwa ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Sinayobye Emmanuel ubwe agomba guhamagazwa muri uru rubanza, no kumenya niba Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel atemerewe kumuhagararira; maze Urukiko rufatiye icyemezo mu ntebe, rwemeza ko ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel atemerewe guhagararira Sinayobye Emmanuel muri uru rubanza rutagisuzuma kuko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, naho ku bijyanye no guhamagaza Sinayobye Emmanuel mu rubanza ku giti cye rwemeza ko ruzareba niba ari ngombwa. Mudatsikira Valens avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwitiranyije imihango yubahirizwa mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure (contrat d’achat) bw’ubutaka asinyirwa imbere ya Noteri wemewe na Leta, n’amasezerano y’ihererekanya (acte de mutation) ry’ubutaka akorerwa imbere ya Noteri ufite ububasha mu by’ubutaka, ko rutagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa, kuko iyi ngingo irebana n’ihererekanya ry’umutungo ikaba itareba imiterere y’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka ashingirwaho kugira ngo iryo hererekanya rikorwe. Bityo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko agomba kwandikwaho umutungo yaguze. Gisanabagabo Félicien we yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwitiranyije amasezerano y'ubugure n'imihango y'ihererekanya ry’umutungo, akaba asanga mu gihe ihererekanya ry’umutungo ritabereye rimwe no kuwugura bidakwiye gufatwa nk'aho igura ridafite agaciro. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko bijyanye no kumenya niba Gisanabagabo Félicien yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ubutaka bufite UPI 4/03/08/03/1 rutabitindaho nyamara ari byo rwajuririwe, Asaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma ibimenyetso yatanze byerekana ko yagurishije afite ububasha, maze rugaha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na Mudatsikira Valens ahagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel, rukemeza ko umutungo wandikwa kuri Mudatsikira Valens; nawe asaba indishyi. Sinayobye Emmanuel yiregura avuga ubujurire bwa Mudatsikira na Gisanabagabo nta shingiro bufite, kuko abajuriye batabasha kugaragaza ko bubahirije imihango iteganywa n’ingingo ya ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 002/2008 ryavuzwe haruguru, nawe asaba indishyi. Habimana Jean Marie Vianney yiregura avuga ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryavuzwe haruguru, ari byo bigomba gushingirwaho. Nawe asba amafaranga y’indishyi.

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Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCAA00003/2024/CA-RCAA 00004/2024/CA rwenmeje ko Mu gihe abajuriye batakoreye amasezerano imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, ko ibyo basaba byo kwandikwaho ubutaka bufite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1 nta shingiro bifite. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko rutatinda mu gusuzuma ububasha bwo kugurisha bwa Gisanababo mu masezerano aburanwa kuko yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Incamake y’cyemezo:1. ku bijyanye n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo ntibihagije, hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite. Bityo, ubutaka, nk’umutungo uri mu murage rusange w’imbaga y’abanyarwanda bose, Umushingamategeko yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, ategeka ko kugira ngo agire agaciro hubahirizwa imihango yihariye ajyanye n’iyandikisha ry’umutungo, ari naryo rihesha uwaguze uburenganzira ku mutungo we. 2. ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa bukorerwa imbere ya noteri w’ubutaka kugirango bugire agaciro. Bityo ubugure bw’ubutaka bukozwe imbere wa noteri utari uw’ubutaka nta gaciro buhabwa kuko bufatwa nkubutakorewe imbere ya noteri. 3.Kuba Urukiko rwasubiza ku ngingo y’umuburanyi mu buryo butamunyuze, ntibivuze ko ntacyo Urukiko rwavuze kuriyo ngingo. Bityo, iyo Urukiko ruvuze ko rutatinda ku bubasha n’ubushobozi bw’uwakoze amasezerano mu gihe amasezerano ubwayo yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ruba rwasubije ku kibazo cy’ububasha n’ubushobozi nubwo umuburanyi atanyurwa. 3. Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyir’ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse. Bityo umuntu utanze ikirego mu Rukiko agatsindwa nta cyatuma abo yareze nabo yagobokesheje batamusaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi Ingingo ya 111, 150, agace 5 n’aka 6, Itegeko N° 43/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 18 Iteka rya Minisitiri Nᵒ 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, Ingingo ya 34. Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3 Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 ingingo, ya 26 Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3 Iteka rya Minisitiri Nᵒ 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, Ingingo ya 34. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/SC, haburana NSENGIYUMVA Théoneste vs NTAGUNGIRA Jérôme n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/07/2022, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC, haburana TWIZERIMANA Theoneste vs MANIZABAYO Kennedy rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020,

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Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2020/SC, haburana NSANZIMANA Wilson na NYIRAJYAMBERE Gacunga Espérance n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 09/04/2021, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2021/SC, haburana MUKANDORI Costasie vs KAYITESI Elyne, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/05/2022, Urubanza RADAA 00011/2022/CA, haburana NZABARIMANA Abdallahaman vs Umujyi wa Kigali rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/06/2023, Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 19/02/2021, habaye amasezerano yiswe ubugure bw’inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1 yanditse kuri Sinayobye Emmanuel, amasezerano aba hagati ya Gisanabagabo Félicien ahagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel na Mudatsikira Valens. Iyo nzu igurwa na Mudatsikira Valens ku mafaranga angana na miliyoni ijana (100.000.000Frw), ariko ntiyahita yandikwaho umutungo yaguze. Igihe cyarageze ajya gusaba gukorerwa ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka asanga icyo kibanza cyanditswe kuri Habimana Jean Marie Vianney. Ibi byatumye Mudatsikira Valens atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, asaba gukorerwa ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka (mutation); arega Sinayobye Emmanuel na Gisanabagabo Félicien, hanyuma Habimana Jean Marie Vianney agobokeshwa muri urwo rubanza. [2] Sinayobye Emmanuel yireguye avuga ko ikirego cya Mudatsikira Valens nta shingiro gifite kuko Gisanabagabo Félicien wamugurishije uwo mutungo nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuwugurisha. Gisanabagabo Félicien yiregura avuga ko yagurishije uwo mutungo yabiherewe uburenganzira na Sinayobye Emmanuel. Habimana Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko amasezerano Mudatsikira Valens ashingiraho ari ay’agateganyo yagombaga kwemezwa na Sinayobye Emmanuel, ko kuba atarayemeje yateshejwe agaciro, ko kandi banditse ko iyo nzu yanditse kuri Sinayobye Emmanuel kandi yanditswe kuri Habimana Jean Marie Vianney, bityo ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. [3] Mu rubanza RC00050/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 30/01/2023, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 44 y’Itegeko No 458/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko amasezerano agira agaciro kubayashyizeho umukono ariko atakagira kubandi, rwasanze amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Gisanabagabo Félicien, Nzabonimpa Ildephonse na Mudatsikira Valens atagira ingaruka kuri Sinayobye Emmanuel kuko atayashyizeho umukono, cyangwa se ngo atange uburenganzira bwanditse bwo kumuhagararira muri ayo masezerano; rushingiye no kuba nyir’ubutaka Sinayobye Emmanuel avuga ko atemera amasezerano y’ubugure yabaye tariki ya 02/02/2020 ndetse n’ayabaye tariki ya 19/02/2021 ngo kuko nta burenganzira yatanze bwanditse, ndetse ko atazi n’icyo amafaranga yavuye muri ubwo bugure yamaze, rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mudatsikira Valens nta shingiro gifite, ko umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI : 4/03/08/03/1 utagomba kwandikwa kuri Mudatsikira Valens. [4] Mudatsikira Valens yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rutagombaga kwanzura ko ubugure bwo ku wa 19/02/2021 bwabaye hagati ya Gisanabagabo Félicien uhagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel na Mudatsikira Valens butakurikije amategeko agenga uburenganzira bw’igurisha kandi Sinayobye Emmanuel hari ibyo yemereye umuryango we urimo na Gisanabagabo Félicien umuhagarariye kuva mu mwaka wa 2003; akaba asanga ibyo byari gutuma Urukiko rubona ko Sinayobye Emmanuel yari yaremereye Gisanabagabo Félicien kugurisha mu izina rye.

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[5] Gisanabagabo Félicien na we yarajuriye, avuga ko uburenganzira yashingiyeho agurisha bumaze imyaka, nyamara Sinayobye yashatse kumuhinduka, ko yagurishije kugira ngo yishyure amafaranga atandukanye y’ibikorwa yakoze mu nyungu za Sinayobye Emmanuel, kandi ko nyuma yo kugurisha yamumenyesheje uburyo amafaranga yavuye muri ubwo bugure yakoreshejwe. [6] Sinayobye Emmanuel ntiyitabye Urukiko, ariko mu myanzuro yireguye avuga ko atigeze aha Gisanabagabo Félicien uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ubutaka buburanwa muri uru rubanza, ko ubugure Gisanabagabo yagiranye na Mudatsikira Valens nta cyo abuziho, bityo ko nta gaciro bufite. Yasabye guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5,000,000Frw n'igihembo cya Avoka cya 2,000,000Frw ku rwego rwa mbere na 1,000,000Frw ku rwego rw'ubujurire. [7] Habimana Jean Marie Vianney yavuze ko ikibanza kiburanwa ari icye kuko afite icyangombwa kandi ko agitunze kubera ubwumvikane yagiranye na nyir’ikibanza ari we Sinayobye Emmanuel. Yasabye guhabwa 500,000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500,000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [8] Mu rubanza RCA00011/2023/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 12/12/2023, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubazanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC, Twizerimana Theoneste yaburanagamo na Manizabayo Kennedy, aho urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, no ku rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/SC, haburana Nsengiyumva na Ntagungira n’abandi, aho urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa agomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Mudatsikira Valens ndetse na Gisanabagabo Félicien nta shingiro gifite, ko imikirize y’urubanza RC00050/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 30/01/2023 igumyeho. Hahindutse gusa impamvu zashingiweho Urukiko rufata icyemezo, kandi ko Mudatsikira Valens ndetse na Gisanabagabo Félicien bafatanya guha Habimana JMV amafaranga y’igihembo cya avoka angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (600,000Frw). [9] Mudatsikira Valens yajuririye uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA00003/2024/CA. Gisanabagabo Félicien nawe yarajuriye ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA00004/2024/CA. Izo manza zombi zarahujwe ziburanishirizwa mu rubanza rumwe RCAA00003/2024/CA-RCAA00004/2024/CA, ruhamagarwa ku wa 08/04/2024, ariko iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 11/04/2024 kubera ko ku wa 08/04/2024 wabaye umunsi w’ikiruhuko. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 11/04/2024, Mudatsikira Valens yunganiwe na Me Nsabimana Jean Baptiste, Gisanabagabo Félicien yunganiwe na Me Habinshuti Norbert, Habimana Jean Marie Vianney ahagarariwe na Me Munderere Leopold afatanyije na Me Mpirikanyi Gaspard, naho Sinayobye Emmanuel ahagarariwe na Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel, habanza gusuzumwa ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Sinayobye Emmanuel ubwe agomba guhamagazwa muri uru rubanza, no kumenya niba Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel atemerewe kumuhagararira; maze Urukiko rufatiye icyemezo mu ntebe, rwemeza ko ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel atemerewe guhagararira Sinayobye Emmanuel muri uru rubanza rutagisuzuma kuko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, naho ku bijyanye no guhamagaza Sinayobye Emmanuel mu rubanza ku giti cye rwemeza ko ruzareba niba ari ngombwa, urubanza ruhita rukomeza. [11] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ya Mudatsikira Valens avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwitiranyije imihango yubahirizwa mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure (contrat d’achat) bw’ubutaka asinyirwa imbere ya Noteri wemewe na Leta, n’amasezerano y’ihererekanya (acte de

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mutation) ry’ubutaka akorerwa imbere ya Noteri ufite ububasha mu by’ubutaka, ko rutagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa, kuko iyi ngingo irebana n’ihererekanya ry’umutungo ikaba itareba imiterere y’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka ashingirwaho kugira ngo iryo hererekanya rikorwe. Bityo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko agomba kwandikwaho umutungo yaguze. Avuga kandi ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse Mudatsikira Valens kwishyura Habimana Jean Marie Vianney akwiye kuvaho kuko nta shingiro afite, asoza asaba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. [12] Gisanabagabo Félicien nawe yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwitiranyije amasezerano y'ubugure n'imihango y'ihererekanya ry’umutungo, akaba asanga mu gihe ihererekanya ry’umutungo ritabereye rimwe no kuwugura bidakwiye gufatwa nk'aho igura ridafite agaciro. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko bijyanye no kumenya niba Gisanabagabo Félicien yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ubutaka bufite UPI 4/03/08/03/1 rutabitindaho nyamara ari byo rwajuririwe, rukaba rwaranyuranyije n’ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko No y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri cyo cyonyine. Asaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma ibimenyetso yatanze byerekana ko yagurishije afite ububasha, maze rugaha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na Mudatsikira Valens ahagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel, rukemeza ko umutungo wandikwa kuri Mudatsikira Valens ; asoza asaba indishyi z’akababaro n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. [13] Sinayobye Emmanuel yiregura avuga ko ubu bujurire nta shingiro bufite, kuko abajuriye batabasha kugaragaza ko bubahirije imihango iteganywa n’ingingo ya ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº002/2008 ryavuzwe haruguru, yanagarutsweho mu mu murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 n'urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 25/09/2020. Asoza asaba indishyi n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Habimana Jean Marie Vianney yiregura avuga ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryavuzwe haruguru, ari byo bigomba gushingirwaho, hamwe n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020. Avuga kandi ko amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa agomba kugumaho kuko afite ishingiro ; agasoza asaba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza kuri uru rwego. [14] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo byo kumenya niba: Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko Mudatsikira Valens atandikwaho umutungo uburanwa rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa ; Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rutarasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye n’ububasha bwa Gisanabagabo Félicien mu kugurisha umutungo wa Sinayobye ndetse n’ubushake bwe muri ubwo bugure ; Amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse Mudatsikira Valens kwishyura Habimana Jean Marie Vianney afite ishingiro ; Indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa muri uru rubanza bifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

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Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko MUDATSIKIRA Valens atandikwaho umutungo uburanwa rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa [15] Mudatsikira Valens n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa No RCA00011/2023/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko Mudatsikira Valens adakwiye kwandikwaho umutungo yaguze, kubera kutagaragaza ko ubugure bwe bwubahirije imihango yihariye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka agomba kubahiriza ijyanye n’uko agomba gukorerwa imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa, kandi nyamara iyi ngingo ijyanye n’amasezerano y’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka, akaba atari yo iteganya imiterere y’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka ashingirwaho kugira ngo iryo hererekanya rikorwe. [16] Basobanura ko ingingo ya 10, agace ka 2º, y’Itegeko Nº 13bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’Ubunoteri, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi rikuzuzwa kugeza ubu iteganya ko : "Umukozi ufite mu nshingano imirimo y’ubunoteri mu bijyanye n’ubutaka afite ububasha bwo kwemeza no guhamya amasezerano y’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka kimwe n’undi mutungo utimukanwa uri ku butaka bikozwe binyuze mu izungura, impano, umurage, umunani, ikodeshwa igurishwa, iyatisha, ingurane, inshingano yo gutanga inzira ku butaka bw’undi bituruka ku miterere y’ahantu, gutiza ingwateʺ, ko ibiteganywa muri iyi ngingo ari nabyo bihura n’ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 34 y`Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa iteganya ko Ihererekanya rishingiye ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ibintu ntirishobora gukorwa iyo amasezerano rishingiyeho atakozwe ku buryo bw'inyandiko y’umwimerere, aho mu rurimi rw’igifaransa igira iti : “Les mutations en vertu de contrats d'aliénation ne peuvent être opérées que si les contrats sont passés en forme authentique”; bityo bakaba basanga bigaragarira buri wese ko amasezerano y’ubugure Mudatsikira Valens ashingiraho aburana yubahirije ibiteganywa n’iri Tegeko, kuko ariho umukono wa Noteri wayemeje (passé en forme authentique). [17] Bavuga kandi ko basanga icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, kigomba kuvaho, kuko bigaragara ko mu kugifata Urukiko rwitiranyije imihango yubahirizwa mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure (contrat d’achat) bw’ubutaka asinyirwa imbere ya Noteri wemewe na Leta, n’amasezerano y’ihererekanya (acte de mutation) ry’ubutaka akorerwa imbere ya Noteri ufite ububasha mu by’ubutaka, kugira ngo ashingirweho uwabuguze, akorerwa inyandiko imuha uburenganzira bwo kubwandikwaho buvuye ku mazina y’uwo bawuguze, ari cyo Mudatsikira Valens yari yaregeye, kuko nyuma yo kubugura ababumugurishije batabumwandikishijeho, bituma asaba kubwandikwaho, kandi ko atari kwandikwa ku mutungo ataguze. Bavuga na none ko impamvu batanditsweho uwo mutungo byatewe n’itambama ryakozwe na Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel. [18] Bavuga na none ko imanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC na RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/SC zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zitagombaga gushingirwaho, kuko ikibazo zakemuye gitandukanye n’icyo baregeye muri uru rubanza. Basoza basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mudatsikira Valens bufite ishingiro, ko agomba kwandikwaho umutungo ufite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gikwege, Akagari ka Mpenge, Umurenge wa Muhoza, Akarere ka Musanze, Intara y`Amajyaruguru, kuko amasezerano yabugiriyeho yubahirije ibiteganwa n’amategeko. [19] Gisanabagabo Félicien n’umwunganira nabo bajuriye bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwitiranyije amasezerano y'ubugure n'imihango y'ihererekanya ry’umutungo, bakaba basanga mu gihe ihererekanya ry’umutungo ritabereye rimwe no kuwugura bidakwiye gufatwa nk'aho igura ridafite agaciro. Basaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire gutesha agaciro igisobanuro cy’itegeko kitari cyo Urukiko Rukuru rwatanze, ndetse n'umurongo watanzwe n'Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku birebana n’imihango

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y'ihererekanya ry'umutungo utimukanwa, kuko imihango y'ihererekanya idashobora gusimbura igikorwa cyo kugura ubwacyo. [20] Bavuga kandi ko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu manza RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 n'urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020 usobanura ko ihererekanya ry'uburenganzira (transfer of rights) ari ryo ryemeza burundu ko kugura bishojwe, ariko ko agaciro k'igikorwa cyo kugura ubwacyo ari ntayegayezwa kandi ndasimburwa. Ko uwaba yarabonye uburenganzira ku mutungo (transfer of rights) ariko bidashingiye ku bugure cyangwa indi mpamvu yemewe n'amategeko, Urukiko rutashyigikira ko abugumana, kandi kuba ubugure bwarakorewe imbere ya Noteri bidakwiye kugibwaho impaka, kuko Urukiko rwabyirengagije nkana. Bakomeza bavuga ko impamvu Mudatsikira Valens atanditsweho uwo mutungo byatewe n’itambama ryakozwe na Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel ; bityo ko basaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire kuzakosora ayo makosa yakozwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, mu kwemeza agaciro k'amasezerano y'ubugure yabaye hagati ya Mudatsikira Valens na Gisanabagabo Félicien ahagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel. [21] Uhagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel yiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire avuga ko ibyo Mudatsikira Valens aburanisha nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko Urukiko rutashingiye ku ngingo avuga gusa, ko ahubwo rwanashingiye no ku mirongo yatanzwe n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu manza N° RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 n'urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020 nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 15-17 by'urubanza rujuririrwa RCA00011/2023/HC/MUS, Mudatsikira Valens akaba adashobora kugaragaza ko umurongo watanzwe muri izo manza yawubahirije. Bityo ko kuba Mudatsikira Valens yararegeye ihererekanya ry’umutungo, kandi atarubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rudakwiye gutegeka ko yandikwaho umutungo uburanwa nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [22] Abahagarariye Habimana Jean Marie Vianney biregura bavuga ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, ari byo bigomba gushingirwaho, hamwe n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, Twizerimana Théoneste yaburanye na Manizabayo Kennedy, no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 22 Ukwakira 2022, haburana Nsengiyumva na Ntagungira n’abandi, bityo ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko Mudatsikira Valens adakwiye kwandikwaho ubutaka buburanwa nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire zishingiye ku kumenya niba Mudatsikira Valens yakwandikwaho umutungo uburanwa ufite UPI : 4/03/08/03/1. [24] Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 ryagengaga imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda igihe ababuranyi bakoranaga amasezerano yiswe ay’agateganyo ku wa 22/05/2013, mu ngingo yayo ya 26, yateganyaga ko kwemeza ko ubutaka butanzwe cyangwa bukodeshejwe ku buryo burambye bigaragazwa n’icyemezo gihamya iyandikwa ry’ubutaka gitangwa n’umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka. Ibi ni nabyo biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 43/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryagengaga ubutaka mu Rwanda igihe amasezerano yiswe aya burundu yakorwaga ku wa 05/07/2013. [25] Ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri Nᵒ 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 ryagenaga uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa igihe amasezerano yakorwaga yateganyaga, mu gika cyayo cya

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mbere, ko ihererekanya rishingiye ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ibintu ridashobora gukorwa iyo amasezerano rishingiyeho atakozwe ku buryo bw'inyandiko y’umwimerere1. Iyo ngingo inateganya ifishi igomba gukoreshwa. [26] Iri teka ryari rishingiye ku Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005, ariko ryakomeje gukurikizwa hamaze kujyaho Itegeko Nᵒ 43/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 kuko ryateganyaga, mu ngingo yaryo ya 73, ko mu gihe atarahindurwa, amategeko, amateka n’amabwiriza yashyiraga mu bikorwa Itegeko Ngenga ryo muri 2005 akomeza kubahirizwa mu ngingo zayo zose zitanyuranyije naryo. [27] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022, haburana Nsengiyumva Théoneste na Ntagungira Jérôme n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ingingo zavuzwe haruguru zumvikanisha ko kugira ngo byemezwe ko ubutaka buhererekanyijwe, hagomba kubaho icyemezo cy’iyandikisha ryabwo gitangwa n’Umwanditsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka, kandi kugira ngo uwo mwanditsi atange icyo cyemezo agomba gushingira gusa ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ubutaka yakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandikompamo. Ibi bisobanuye ko amasezerano akozwe mu buryo butari ubwo nta gaciro aba afite ku birebana n’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka2. Uyu ni nawo murongo watanzwe n’urwo Rukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, haburana Twizerimana Theoneste na Manizabayo Kennedy, aho rwasobanuye ko ku birebana n’ubutaka, nk’umutungo uri mu murage rusange w’imbaga y’abanyarwanda bose, Umushingamategeko yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, ategeka ko kugira ngo agire agaciro hubahirizwa imihango yihariye ajyanye n’iyandikisha ry’umutungo, ari naryo rihesha uwaguze uburenganzira ku mutungo we. [28] Uyu murongo wanagarutsweho mu manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2020/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 09/04/2021, haburana Nsanzimana Wilson na Nyirajyambere Gacunga Espérance n’abandi, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko ku bijyanye n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, kwemeranya kw’abagiranye amasezerano ku kintu no ku kiguzi ubwabyo bidahagije, ko ahubwo hari n’ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa nko kuba mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano no kuyashyiraho umukono bigomba gukorerwa imbere y’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha, bitaba ibyo amasezerano y’ubugure akaba nta gaciro afite. Ndetse no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00014/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/05/2022, haburana Mukandori Costasie na Kayitesi Elyne, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko mu gihe nta nyandiko mpamo yo gutanga uburenganzira ku butaka bwaburanwaga yabayeho, inkiko zibanza zitagombaga gutegeka ihererekanya mutungo hagati y’ababuranyi. [29] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo inyandiko yiswe amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu bw’agateganyo yo ku wa 19/02/2021 hagati ya Gisabagabo Félicien wari uhagarariye umuryango wa Sinayobye Emmanuel (ugurisha) na Mudatsikira Valens (umuguzi). Ayo masezerano akaba yandikishije intoki (manuscrit) kandi ariho umukono wa noteri witwa Seburikoko Jérémie (bigaragara ko atari Noteri w’ubutaka). [30] Urukiko rurasanga amasezerano Mudatsikira Valens na Gisanabagabo Félicien bashingiraho basaba ihererekanyamutungo adahagije, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwabibonye, kandi akaba ariko byanagaragajwe haruguru, kugira ngo hemezwe ko Mudatsikira Valens yaguze ubutaka aburana yakagombye kuba agaragaza ko ubugure bwe bwubahirije imihango yihariye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka agomba kubahiriza. Bivuze ko bagombaga kugaragaza

1 Mu kinyarwanda banditse “inyandiko y’umwimerere”, ariko hakurikijwe ibyanditse mu gifaransa no mu cyongereza bigaragara ko ari “inyandiko mpamo”. 2 Reba igika cya 31

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ko amasezerano yakorewe imbere ya Notari w’Ubutaka nk’uko ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri no 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 yibukijwe haruguru ibiteganya. Kuba rero nta nyandiko yakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka Mudatsikira Valens na Gisabagabo Félicien bagaragarije Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ngo rube rwarayirenzeho rwemeza ko Mudatsikira Valens atagomba gukorerwa ihererekanyamutungo, uru Rukiko rurasanga urwo Rukiko nta kosa rwakoze. [31] Ku byo Mudatsikira Valens na Gisanabagabo Féicien bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwitiranije amasezerano y'ubugure n'imihango y'ihererekanya ry’umutungo, bakaba basanga mu gihe ihererekanya ry’umutungo ritabereye rimwe no kuwugura bidakwiye gufatwa nk'aho igura ridafite agaciro, bityo ko basaba ko amasezerano y’ubugure ahabwa agaciro,Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko ibyo amategeko ateganya kandi byashimangiwe n’imanza zagaragajwe zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ni uko ihererekanya ry’ubutaka rigomba kuba rishingiye ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ubutaka yakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandikompamo, ni ukuvuga yabereye imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka. Mu gihe rero abajuriye batakoreye amasezerano imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka birumvikana ko ibyo basaba byo kwandikwaho ubutaka bufite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1 nta shingiro bifite. [32] Ku byo Mudatsikira Valens n’umwunganira bavuga ko imanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2019/SC na RS/INJUST/RC00012/2021/SC zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zitagombaga gushingirwaho, kuko ikibazo zakemuye gitandukanye n’icyo baregeye muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure atarakorwe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka yashingirwaho kugira ngo umutungo ufite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1 wandikwe kuri Mudatsikira Valens, kandi izi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zakemuye ikibazo kijyanye n’agaciro k’agamasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa atakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, aho rwemeje ko ayo masezerano nta gaciro agira; bityo nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwakoze rushingira kuri izo manza. [33] Urikiko rurasanga na none ibyo Mudatsikira Valens na Gisanabagabo Féicien bavuga ko iherekanyamutungo ritakunze kubera itambama ryakozwe na Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel ntacyo byabamarira, kuko n’ubundi ritarigukunda mu gihe amasezerano ryari gushingiraho atari yujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. [34] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwakoze ryo kwemeza ko Mudatsikira Valens atandikwaho ubutaka bufite UPI: 4/03/08/03/1; bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ya Mudatsikira Valens na Gisanabagabo Féicien nta shingiro ifite. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rutarasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye n’ububasha bwa GISANABAGABO mu kugurisha umutungo wa SINAYOBYE ndetse n’ubushake bwe muri ubwo bugure [35] Gisanabagabo Félicien n’umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 10 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri cyo cyonyine bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwanyuranyije n’iyi ngingo ruvuga ko bijyanye no kumenya niba Gisanabagabo Félicien yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha cyangwa kugira ubwumvikane bugamije kugurisha ubutaka bufite UPI 4/03/08/03/1 rutabitindaho nyamara ari byo rwajuririwe. Bityo bakaba basanga rutaraciye urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose. [36] Bavuga kandi ko urwo Rukiko rwirengagije gusuzuma andi mahame yari gutuma amasezerano agira agaciro, arimo ububasha bwa Gisanabagabo Félicien bwo kugurisha no kwemera

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(consentement) kwa Sinayobye Emmanuel ndetse n’ikiguzi cyatanzwe. Basaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma ibimenyetso bya Gisanabagabo Félicien, kugira ngo ruzabone ko yagurishije afite ububasha nk'uko yamuhagarariye mu gucunga no kugaruza imitungo, kugeza n’ubwo amuha raporo y'ibyakoreshejwe, ari na bwo Sinayobye Emmanuel yumvikanishije ko yemera gukemura ibibazo byatewe no kuburana imitungo. Ko kandi kugurisha umutungo byemeranyijweho n'umuryango na we abyemerera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze mu iburanisha. Bityo ko bashingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubugure bwakozwe bufite agaciro, no gutegeka ko ihererekanya rikorwa. [37] Uhagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel avuga ko bitari ngombwa gusuzuma ububasha ku masezerano adafite agaciro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [38] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ya Gisanabagabo Félicien zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rutarasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye n’ububasha bwa Gisanabagabo Félicien mu kugurisha umutungo wa Sinayobye, ndetse n’ubushake bwe muri ubwo bugure, kuburyo rwaba rwaranyuranyije n’ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 yibukijwe haruguru. [39] Ingingo ya 150, agace 5 n’aka 6, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko”. Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [40] Mu rubanza RADAA00011/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/06/2023, haburana Nzabarimana Abdallahaman n’Umujyi wa Kigali, uru Rukiko rwasobanuye ko rusomeye hamwe izi ngingo zombi rusanga zumvikanisha ko ujurira afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko hari inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa n’ibimenyetso bishimangira ko ibyo Urukiko rwemeje atari byo. Mu yandi magambo ujurira agomba kugaragaza ikosa ryakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, akagaragaza amategeko ashingiraho n’ibimenyetso bihamya ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri3. [41] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza dosiye igaragaza ko gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa RCA00011/2023/HC/MUS, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwarasobanuye ko kugirango hemezwe ko Mudatsikira Valens yaguze ubutaka aburana yakagombye kuba agaragaza ko ubugure bwe bwubahirije imihango yihariye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka agomba kubahiriza; ko uwo muhango nta wundi, uretse kuba ayo masezerano agomba gukorerwa imbere ya Noteri w’Ubutaka, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa. Urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwongeyeho ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka atarakorewe imbere ya Noteri nta gaciro yagira. Mu gika cya 19 rusobanura ko ibijyanye no kumenya niba Gisanabagabo Félicien yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugurisha cyangwa kugira ubwumvikane bugamije kugurisha ubutaka bufite UPI 4/03/08/03/1, n’ubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwabifasheho icyemezo, ndetse bikanagarukwaho cyane mu kuburana ku rwego rw’ubujurire, ariko bitari ngombwa kubitindaho mu gihe hatigeze hakorwa ubugure mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

3 Reba igika cya 45.

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[42] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasuzumye ibyo Gisanabagabo Félicien yaburanishaga bijyanye no kuba yarahawe uburenganzira na Sinayobye Emmanuel bwo kugurisha, rusanga nta mpamvu yari ihari yo kubitindaho mu gihe hatigeze hakorwa ubugure mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Ikindi urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko kugira ngo hemezwe ko Mudatsikira Valens yaguze ubutaka aburana yakagombye kuba agaragaza ko ubugure bwe bwakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka atarakorewe imbere ya Noteri nta gaciro yagira. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko ibyo Gisanabagabo Félicien yajuririye muri urwo Rukiko byasuzumwe, urwo Rukiko rubifataho icyemezo. Kuba rero Gisanabagabo Félicien atarishimiye igisubizo yahawe n’Urukiko ntaho bihuriye n’ibyo avuga ko urwo Rukiko rwanyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 10 imaze kuvugwa. Bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse MUDATSIKIRA Valens kwishyura HABIMANA Jean Marie Vianney afite ishingiro [43] Mudatsikira Valens n’umwunganira bavuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) Mudatsikira Valens yategetswe kwishyura Habimana Jean Marie Vianney nta shingiro yari afite kubera impamvu zikurikira : Kuba Mudatsikira Valens atari we wamuzanye mu rubanza, ahubwo ari Sinayobye Emmanuel n’umwunganizi we Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel ; Kuba Habimana Jean Marie Vianney ari we wabaye nyirabayazana w’uru rubanza, kuko yanze kubahiriza icyemezo cy`urukiko, akomeza kugundira icyangombwa cy’ubutaka yaguze muri cyamunara, kandi azi neza ko yateshejwe agaciro, bukagurwa na Mudatsikira Valens ; Kuba Habimana Jean Marie Vianney yarazanywe mu rubanza na Sinayobye Emmanuel n’umwunganizi we Me Bimenyimana Binego Emmanuel kugira ngo bagaragaze ko kuba acyanditse ku mutungo kandi cyamunara ibukomoraho yarateshejwe agaciro nta cyabumukuraho. [44] Abahagarariwe Habimana Jean Marie Vianney bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa RCA00011/2023/HC/MUS, Mudatsikira Valens na Gisanabagabo Félicien ari bo bajuriye, maze Urukiko rusanga ibirego byabo by’ubujurire byaratumye Habimana Jean Marie Vianney agira ibyo atakaza bituma rubategeka kubyishyura, ko no muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Mudatsikira Valens ari wamureze, ku bw’ibyo ko agomba gutegekwa kumuha izindi ndishyi mu gihe yaramuka amutsinze. Ashingira ku nyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko, Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX, aho bagize bati: “Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause à autrui un dommage oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer (Jacques FLOUR et al., “Droit Civil Les Obligations, Le fait juridique”, 12 éd, Dalloz, 2007, P.97), ibyo bikaba bivuze ko igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi, gitegeka nyiri ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse. [45] Uhagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel avuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ntacyo yayivugaho, kuko itareba Sinayobye Emmanuel. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [46] Ihame rusange mu mategeko arebana n’iby’uburyozwe ni uko igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyir’ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse (“Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause à autrui un dommage oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer”).

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[47] N’ubwo Mudatsikira Valens n’umwunganira bavuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Mudatsikira Valens yategetswe kwishyura Habimana Jean Marie Vianney nta shingiro yari afite kuko Mudatsikira Valens atari we wazanye Habimana Jean Marie Vianney mu rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga iyi mpamvu nta shingiro yahabwa, kuko igikorwa yakoze cyo gutanga ikirego asaba Urukiko gutegeka ko ikibanza gifite UPI 4/03/08/03/1 kimwandikwaho (mutation), aricyo cyatumye Habimana Jean Marie Vianney aza muri uru rubanza, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko ubujurire bwa Mudatsikira Valens butigeze buhabwa shingiro mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ndetse n’uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga nta kosa urwo Rukiko rwakoze kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bwari bufite. Bityo kuba rwaramutegetse kwishyura Habimana Jean Marie Vianney amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000 Frw), nta kosa rwakoze, ayo mafaranga akaba agomba kugumaho. Kumenya niba indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa muri uru rubanza bifite ishingiro [48] Mudatsikira Valens n’umwunganira bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Sinayobye Emmanuel uhagarariwe na Gisanabagabo Félicien gufatanya na Gisanabagabo Félicien guha Mudatsikira Valens miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka yasabye kuva ku rwego rwa mbere ariko Urukiko ntiruyamuhe, na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atatu (1.300.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza akubiyemo amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere, na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) yo kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire. [49] Abahagarariye Habimana Jean Marie Vianney biregura ku mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Mudatsikira Valens asaba bavuga ko kuba ari we wishoye muri izi manza, azi neza ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’agateganyo yagiranye na Gisanabagabo Félicien atayashingiraho mu kwegukana umutungo wa Sinayobye Emmanuel ngo umwandikweho, akwiye kwirengera igihombo kizikomokaho, hashingiwe ku ihame rya "Nemo auditor propriam turpitudinem allegans". [50] Bavuga kandi ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Mudatsikira Valens guha Habimana Jean Marie Vianney indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw), miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw) y’igihembo cy’Abavoka n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 110 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuze haruguru no ku nyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko nazo zibukijwe, zivuga ko igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi, gitegeka nyiri ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse. [51] Uhagarariye Sinayobye Emmanuel yiregura ku mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Mudatsikira Valens asaba avuga ko nta shingiro afite, kuko ari we wishoye mu manza, ko ahubwo ari we ukwiye kuzicibwa. Yiregura kandi ku ndishyi Habimana Jean Marie Vianney asaba avuga ko nta shingiro zifite. [52] Avuga kandi ko asaba Urukiko gutegeka Mudatsikira Valens na Gisababago Félicien guha Sinayobye Emmanuel indishyi zo kumushora mu manza zingana miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) n’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kubera ko amasezerano abarega bashingiraho nta ruhare yayagizemo, ariko akaba akomeje gushorwa mu manza. [53] Gisanabagabo Félicien n’umwunganira biregura kuri izi ndishyi Sinayobye Emmanuel asaba bavuga ko nta shingiro zifite, kuko ari we wabaye nyirabayazana w'izi manza, ashaka kwigarika Gisanabagabo Félicien ashaka kumwikoreza umutwaro w'ibibazo byaturutse ku mitungo ye, kandi yaramucungiye imitungo ye neza imyaka myinshi, akamugezaho umusaruro wayo, akayishakira ibyangombwa, akanayiburana n’abayihuguje akayigaruza, kugeza n’aho afungirwa inshuro nyinshi

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ishyaka ryo kurengera ibya Sinayobye Emmanuel, ariko we akaba amwituye ubuhemu. Bityo ko ibyo atabihererwa indishyi, ko ahubwo ko ari we ugomba gutegekwa guha Gisanabagabo Félicien indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza kubera imanza eshanu baburanye harimo n’ubu bujurire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [54] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka muri uru rubanza, ingingo ya Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [55] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Mudatsikira Valens na Gisababago Félicien basaba nta shingiro afite, kuko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite. Rurasanga ayo Habimana Jean Marie Vianney na Sinayobye Emmanuel basaba bakwiye kuyahabwa kuko byabaye ngombwa ko bashaka ba Avoka bo kubaburanira, ariko ayo basaba ni menshi kandi nta bimenyetso bayatangira ; bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rugene Habimana Jean Marie Vianney amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, agomba gutangwa na Mudatsikira Valens kuko ari we yayasabye. Rugeneye Sinayobye Emmanuel amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza agomba gutangwa na Mudatsikira Valens hamwe na Gisababago Félicien bafatanyije. Ni ukuvuga ko Mudatsikira Valens agomba guha Habimana Jean Marie Vianney ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) yo kuri uru rwego, hiyongereyeho amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) yategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ; yose hamwe akamuha miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atatu (1.300.000Frw), akongera agafatanya na Gisababago Félicien kwishyura Sinayobye Emmanuel amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700,000Frw) yo kuri uru rwego. [56] Ku birebana n’indishyi z’akabaro zisabwa muri uru urubanza, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro zahabwa, kuko abazisabye batashoboye kugaragaza akababaro batewe n’uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [57] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mudatsikira Valens na Gisabagabo Félicien nta shingiro bufite. [58] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00011/2023/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 12/12/2023, idahindutse. [59] Rutegetse Mudatsikira Valens guha Habimana Jean Marie Vianney amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, yiyongera ku mafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600,000Frw) yategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atatu (1,300,000Frw). [60] Rutegetse Mudatsikira Valens na Gisabagabo Félicien gufatanya guha Sinayobye Emmanuel amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. [61] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.