UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUHIRWA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUHIRWA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-05-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 0022/15/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUHIRWA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPAA 0022/15/CS (Kayitesi Z., P.J., Mutashya na Kakwaya, J.) 15 Gicurasi 2015] Amategeko agenga ubucamanza – Kugaragaza impamvu urubanza rwashingiyeho rucibwa – Kudasubiza ku ngingo z’ubujurire z’umuburanyi – Kudasubiza ku ngingo zose z’ubujurire z’umuburanyi bifatwa nko kutagaragaza impamvu urubanza rwashingiyeho rucibwa – Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 4/6/2003, ingingo ya 141. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyumana yo gukurikiranwa n’Ubushinjacyaha imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Muhirwa Innocent yahamijwe ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. Yahamijwe ibyo byaha ahanishwa gufungwa imyaka 5 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 200.000Frw. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga nuko umucamanza w’ibaznirizasuzuma yemeza ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubsha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuko impamvu z’ubujurire bwe nta n’imwe muri zo yahuraga n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 43 y’Itegeko- Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga anongeraho ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye bihagije impamvu rwashingiyeho mu guca urubanza ko kandi kuba zitaranyuze ushinjwa bitakwitiranywa no kuba umucamanza atarasobanuye impamvu yashingiweho. Yajuririye

icyo cyemezo n’uko Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga afata icyemezo cyo kutakira ubwo bujurire kuko icyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma kitajuririrwa, ubujurire bwe ntabwo buri mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. Nyuma yo gutakambira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru kivaho, ubutakambe bwe bugahabwa agaciro kandi bugakurikizwa, ubujurire bwaremewe bwandikwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko icyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma gikurikije amategeko kuko impamvu zashingiweho n’umucamanza zisobanutse ari nayo mpamvu busaba kutakirwa k’ubujurire bwe.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Urubanza rwose rwaciwe rugomba kugaragaza impamvu rushingiyeho; rugomba kuba kandi rwisobanura mu buryo buhagije. Kuba rero ushinjwa ahamwa n’ibyaha ashinjwa kubera ko hari ababimushinja nyamara ntirugaragaze aho bamushinja, mu gihe ushinjwa we mu bujurire bwe avuga ko batigeze bamushinja, kuba kandi rwaramuhamije ibyaha ntirugaragaze ibikorwa yakoze bigize ibyaha ashinjwa ndetse ntirunagaragaze uruhare rwe mu ikorwa ry’ibyo byaha, bigaragaza ko Urukiko rutigeze rusubiza ku ngingo z’ubujurire kandi kudasubiza ku ngingo z’ubujurire z’umuburanyi bifatwa nko kutagaragaza impamvu rwashingiyeho ruca urubanza cyane cyane iyo kutabikora byagize ingaruka ku cyemezo cyafashwe. Ubujurire ku cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma bufite ishingiro Ubujurire buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Iburanisha ry’Urubanza mu mizi rizakomeza Amagarama y’urubanza arasubitswe Amategeko yshingiweho Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 4/6/2003, ingingo ya 141. Itegeko Ngenga n 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/1/2004 ryagenaga imitunganyirize, ᵒ imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo za 43. Itegeko n 13/2004 ryo kuwa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza ᵒ z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo za 44 Itegeko-Teka n 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/8/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ᵒ ahana, ingingo ya 89 na 91 Nta imanza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Muhirwa Innocent na bagenzi be icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta.

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[2] Urwo Rukiko rwaciwe Urubanza RP 0110/11/TGI/MHG kuwa 16/09/2011, rwemeza ko MUHIRWA Innocent ahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw). [3] Muhirwa Innocent ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. Urwo Rukiko rwaciwe Urubanza RPA 0354-0358-0362-0381-0383-0401-0490/11/HC/NYA na RPA 0021/12/HC/NYA kuwa 31/05/2012, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent nta shingiro bufite. [4] Muhirwa Innocent yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, ubujurire bwe buhabwa n° RPAA 0178/12/CS. Umucamanza washinzwe ibanzirizasuzuma yafashe icyemezo n RP 0034/Pré-ex/13/CS, yemeza ko ᵒ ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuko nta mpamvu n’imwe muzo yatanze ihura n’iziteganywa n’ingingo ya 43, 2° y’Itegeko- Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Umucamanza yasanze kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye bihagije impamvu rwashingiyeho mu guca urubanza, kuba zitaranyuze MUHIRWA Innocent bitakwitiranywa no kuba Umucamanza atasobanuye impamvu yashingiyeho. [5] Kuwa 16/12/2013, Muhirwa Innocent yajuririye icyo cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma. Ku itariki ya 07/07/2014, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 34, agace ka 14 n’iya 36, igika cya kabiri z’Itegeko Ngenga n 03/2012/OL ryo ᵒ ᵒ kuwa

13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere, n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yafashe icyemezo n 0008/14/Pén/GCS, yemeje kutakira ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent ᵒ ngo bwandikwe mu bitabo by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuko ibyemezo by’ibanzirizasuzuma bitajuririrwa, ko ubwo bujurire butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. [6] Ku itariki ya 01/12/2014, Me RWIGEMA Vincent, uburanira MUHIRWA Innocent yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga atakamba, asaba ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyavaho. [7] Kuwa 17/02/2015, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yafashe icyemezo n 004/2015, yemeza ko icyemezo n 0008/14/Pén/GCS cyafashwe ᵒ ᵒ n’Umwanditsi Mukuru kivuyeho, ategeka ko ubujurire ku cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma ry’urubanza RPAA 0178/12/CS bwatanzwe na MUHIRWA Innocent bwandikwa mu gitabo cy’ibirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga.

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[8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 16/3/2015, MUHIRWA Innocent yunganiwe na Me RWIGEMA Vincent, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na MUNYANEZA NKWAYA Eric, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw‘Igihugu. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent ku rubanza RPA 0354-0358-0362-0381-0383-0401-0490/11/HC/NYA na RPA 0021/12/HC/NYA rwaciwe kuwa 31/05/2012 buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga [9] MUHIRWA Innocent avuga ko ibyo anenga mu cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma ari uko habayeho kwibeshya ku byashingiweho mu kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga aho Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma yinjiye mu mizi y’urubanza. [10] Me RWIGEMA Vincent avuga ko Urukiko rwibeshye ku ngingo MUHIRWA Innocent yashingiyeho ajurira ku bijyanye n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Asobanura ko nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo kijuririrwa, k’urupapuro rwa kabiri, muri ‘’Tumaze’’ yaho ibanziriza iya nyuma, Urukiko rwafashe ingingo z’ubujurire k’urubanza mu mizi nkaho arizo MUHIRWA Innocent yashingiyeho agaragaza ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga igihe yajuriraga. Nyamara ntabwo ari uko biri kuko mu myanzuro ye y’ubujurire, k’urupapuro rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, agaragaza ko ubujurire bwe bushingiye ku ngingo ya 43, 2 y’Itegeko Ngenga n ᵒ ᵒ 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/1/2004 ryagenaga imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga,

akanagaragaza ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rutagaragaza na busa impamvu zashingiweho mw’icibwa ryarwo mu kumuhamya ibyaha aregwa. [11] Me RWIGEMA Vincent akomeza avuga ko mu myanzuro ye y’Ubujurire mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, MUHIRWA Innocent yasobanuye ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko UWIMANA Grâce na NTIRENGANYA Gratien bamushinje, nyamara yagaragaje ko mu miburanire yabo, UWIMANA Grâce na NTIRENGANYA Gratien batamushinje ahubwo ari imvugo yakoreshejwe n’Umucamanza, ihabanye n’ibyabaye. Asobanura ko iyo biza kubaho, byari kuba binyuranije n’ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko n 13/2004 ryo kuwa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye ᵒ imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko ‘’Abantu ubushinjacyaha bufiteho ibimenyetso byo kuba baragize uruhare mu ikorwa

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ry’icyaha ntibashobora kumvwa nk’abatangabuhamya’’. Asobanura kandi ko uretse nibyo, MUHIRWA Innocent yagaragaje ko ibyaha aregwa (Inyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta) ntibyari gushoboka kuri we ariko nta kintu Urukiko Rukuru rwabivuzeho. Yongeyeho ko aho gusubiza ku mpamvu z’ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze gusa ko hari abamushinja. [12] Me Rwigema Vincent asoza avuga ko Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma aho kugaragaza ko ibisobanuro bya Muhirwa Innocent ku bijyanye n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nta shingiro bifite, yemeje gusa ko ubujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bw’urwo rukiko, ashingiye ku ngingo 4 yatanzwe na Muhirwa Innocent anenga mu mizi urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bityo kuba Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma atarabashije gusubiza ku ngingo yatanzwe na Muhirwa Innocent ku bijyanye n’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, asanga binyuranije n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko n 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso ᵒ 1 mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ndetse n’ingingo za 7 na 147 y’Itegeko n 21/2012 ryo ᵒ kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’izubutegetsi2 [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko icyemezo cyo kutakira ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent cyafashwe n’Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma cyakurikije amategeko kuko impamvu Umucamanza yashingiyeho zisobanutse, bityo bukaba busaba uru Rukiko kutakira ubujurire bwe.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 43, 2 y’Itegeko Ngenga n 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/1/2004 ᵒ ᵒ ryagenaga imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yakoreshwaga igihe MUHIRWA Innocent yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga iteganya ko « Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire, imanza zaciwe mu rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyangwa Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare mu rwego rwa kabiri, iyo izo manza zitagaragaza na busa impamvu 1 1 Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko n 15/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘’Urukiko ruca ᵒ urubanza rwaregewe hakurikijwe ibimenyetso bihuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa’’ 2 Ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko n 21/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘’Umucamanza aca ᵒ urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri icyo cyonyine’’. Naho ingingo ya 147 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko ‘’…..Ica ry’urubanza risobanura itegeko ryakurikijwe n’ingingo zishingiye ku byabaye zagaragajwe mu rubanza. Ica ry’urubanza rigomba gusobanura impamvu yatumye ikimenyetso cyaba cyaratanzwe kitemerwa n’agaciro riha ibimenyetso byose byatanzwe mu rubanza. Ica ry’urubanza rigomba kwerekana amategeko yose yakurikijwe mu ikemura ry’urubanza…’’.

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zashingiweho mu icibwa ryazo, zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha ». [15] Ingingo ya 141, agace ka kabiri y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 4/6/2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko ‘‘Urubanza rwose rwaciwe rugomba kugaragaza impamvu rushingiyeho kandi rukandikwa mu ngingo zarwo zose.....‘‘ [16] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga muri "Tumaze" ya karindwi y’icyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma, Umucamanza avuga ko impamvu MUHIRWA Innocent atanga ajurira zishingiye ku kuvuga ko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rushingiye ku kimenyetso kidakurikije amategeko, ku mpamvu y’igenekereza itera urujijo no gushidikanya, ko rwirengagije ibimenyetso bishinjura ndetse ko ntacyo rwavuze kw’isubikagihano ryasabwe; naho muri "Dusanze" y’icyo cyemezo, Umucamanza avuga ko "mu mpamvu z’ubujurire MUHIRWA Innocent atanga, nta n’imwe ihura n’iziteganywa n’ingingo ya 43, 2 y’Itegeko Ngenga n 01/2004 ryo kuwa ᵒ ᵒ 29/1/2004 ryagenaga imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kandi bigaragara ko Umucamanza yasobanuye impamvu yashingiyeho mu guca urubanza, kuba zitaramunyuze bikaba bitakwitiranywa no kuba Umucamanza atasobanuye impamvu yashingiyeho, bityo ubujurire bukaba butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga". [17] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga mu myanzuro ye y’ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru,

MUHIRWA Innocent avuga ko ingingo ya 89 y’Itegeko- Teka n 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/8/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ᵒ cyakoreshwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, itubahirijwe muri uru rubanza kuko ari Umushinjacyaha, ari n’Urukiko ntawugaragaza nyir’icyaha (auteur de l’infraction) ngo basobanure n’impamvu adakurikiranwa. Avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 91 y’Itegeko-Teka n 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/8/1977 ryavuzwe ᵒ haruguru itubahirijwe kuko nta na hamwe Umushinjacyaha ndetse n’Urukiko rushingira rumwita umufatanyacyaha (complice) ndetse ko ntahagaragazwa uruhare rwe n’inkunga yateye ngo icyaha gikorwe kuko nta fiche yasinyeho kandi amafaranga yagurijwe yavuye kuri konti y’umuntu ku giti cye. Anenga nanone urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuko Umushinjacyaha ndetse n’Urukiko ntawe uvuga impurirane (concours) yaba mbonezamugambi (idéal), yaba se mbonezabyaha (réel) bishimangira mu rwego rw’amategeko (base légale) igihano yahawe. Arangiza anenga na none urubanza rw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuba rutaritaye ku ngingo za 44 na 153 z’Itegeko n 13/2004 ryo kuwa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize ᵒ y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha.

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[18] Mu myanzuro y’imiburanire (note de plaidoirie) ya MUHIRWA Innocent mu rubanza RPA 0381/11/HC/NYA irebana n’iburanisha ryo kuwa 23/2/2012, avuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye giteje urujijo rukwiriye gusobanuka kuko rwahamije MUHIRWA Innocent icyaha cy’ubufatanyacyaha mu nyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, ariko rutagaragaje gatozi w’ibyo byaha, ngo rugaragaze n’uruhare rwe muri buri cyaha uretse kuvuga ko MUHIRWA Innocent atagaragaza amasezerano y’iguriza y’amafaranga 2.000.000, yabaye hagati ye na NTIRENGANYA Gratien, bisobanura uruhare rwe mu byaha by’ubufatanyacyaha mu nyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. [19] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga mu gusubiza ku mpamvu z’ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent, bigaragara mu gika cya cumi n’imwe cy’urubanza rwajuririwe ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko izo mpamvu nta shingiro zifite kubera ko atashoboye kuvuguruza imvugo ya NTIRENGANYA Gratien wivugiye ko nta mafaranga yagurije MUHIRWA Innocent, ko ahubwo ayo 2.000.000 Frw yatwaye akomoka ku ifishi y’impimbano yakozwe na we afatanyije na UWIMANA Grâce, abo babiri bakayandikaho umugore wa NTIRENGANYA Gratien witwa MUREKEYITETO. [20] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga isesengura ry’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku birebana n’uruhare rwa MUHIRWA Innocent ku byaha akurikiranyweho no mu kumuhamya ibyo byaha (inyandiko mpimbano no kunyereza umutungo wa Leta),

rigaragaza ko rutitaye ku ngingo z’ubujurire aho n’ubundi yanengaga cyane cyane Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuba rwaramuhamije ibyo byaha nyamara ruterekana ibikorwa bigize ibyaha aregwa yaba yakoze mu bufatanyacyaha bemeza ko yakoze. Rurasanga kandi kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko MUHIRWA Innocent ahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa kubera ko NTIRENGANYA Gratien amushinja, nyamara ntirugaragaze aho amushinja mu gihe MUHIRWA Innocent yajuriye avuga ko haba NTIRENGANYA Gratien, haba UWIMANA Grâce, nta numwe umushinja, ndetse ntirugaragaze uruhare rwe mu gukora ibyo byaha, rutasubije ku ngingo z’ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent; kandi kudasubiza ingingo z’ubujurire z’umuburanyi bifatwa nko kuba Urukiko rudasobanura impamvu rwashingiyeho ruca urubanza3 cyane cyane iyo 3Il a été jugé que les juges devant statuer sur tous les chefs de conclusions dont ils sont saisis, l’arrêt qui laisse sans réponse des conclusions constituant un système de défense doit être cassé, Crim. 19 oct. 1934 : DH 1934. 543. 26 déc. 1960 : Bull. crim. n 612 in code de ᵒ procédure pénale, édition 2000, Dalloz, Paris, P.

552. Les principaux vices de motivation c’est-à-dire l’absence de motivation sont le défaut de motivation , la contradiction entre les

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kudasubiza byagize ingaruka ku cyemezo cyafashwe. Usibye n’ibyo bikaba ari inshingano y’Urukiko gusubiza ku ngingo zose z’ubujurire n’izo rudashubijeho rukavuga impamvu, ndetse ko urubanza urwo arirwo rwose rugomba kwisobanura ubwarwo mu buryo buhagije4. Byongeye kandi kutagaragaza uruhare rw’uregwa mu bikorwa bigize icyaha, nabyo bifatwa nko kudatanga impamvu yatumye ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa.5 [21] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarubahirije ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 141, agace ka kabiri y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 4/6/2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 43, 2 y’Itegeko Ngenga n ᵒ ᵒ 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/1/2004 ryagenaga imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yakoreshwaga igihe MUHIRWA Innocent yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent

ku

rubanza

RPA 0354-0358-0362-0381-0383-0401-0490/11/HC/NYA

na

RPA 0021/12/HC/NYA rwaciwe kuwa 31/05/2012 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY‘URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent ku cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma n RP 0034/Pré-ex/13/CS bufite ishingiro. ᵒ [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa MUHIRWA Innocent ku rubanza RPA 0354-0358-0362-0381-0383-0401-0490/11/HC/NYA

na

RPA motifs et le dispositif, la contradiction des motifs, l’insuffisance ou l’imprécision de la motivation, la non-réponse à conclusions et le vice de logique dans la construction syllogistique, MATADI NENGA GAMANDA, Droit judiciaire privé, Bruylant-Academia, Louvain-La-Neuve, 2006, P.

511. On peut discerner quatre formes principales du défaut de motifs : l’absence de motifs, la contradiction de motifs, le défaut de réponse à conclusions, et le motif dubitatif ou hypothétique (insuffisance de motifs), in Jacques Boré, La cassation en matière civile, Dalloz, Paris, 1997, P. 459. 4 ‘’Une décision de justice doit se suffire à elle-même et qu’il ne peut être suppléé au défaut ou à l’insuffisance de motifs par le seul visa des documents de la cause et la seule référence aux débats, n’ayant fait l’objet d’aucune analyse’’, Cass. 2e civ. 3 mai 1985,ibid.II, n 91, in ᵒ Jacques Boré, op.cit., P. 460. 5 ‘’Il y a défaut de motifs à condamner sans avoir relevé l’existence de tous les éléments constitutifs de l’infraction’’, Crim. 28 janvier 1976, Bull. n 35 in GASTON Stefani, ᵒ Georges Levasseur et Bernard Bouloc, Procédure pénale, 16 édition, Dalloz, Paris, 1996, P. 780. ‘’Un jugement de condamnation doit à peine de nullité constater tous les éléments constitutifs de l’infraction qui a motivé la condamnation’’, Ass.Plén. 28 févr. 1986 :Bull. Crim. n 81 in code de procédure pénale, édition 2000, Dalloz, Paris, P. 551. ᵒ

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0021/12/HC/NYA rwaciwe kuwa 31/05/2012 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga. [24] Rwemeje ko iburanisha ry’urubanza nº RPAA 0178/12/CS rizakomeza mu mizi ku itariki ya 13/7/2015. [25] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aba asubitswe.