MUKAGATARE N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG Plc

# MUKAGATARE N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-03-17 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUKAGATARE N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Hitiyremye, Karimunda, J.) 17 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi mbangamirabukungu – Gutanga ibimenyetso by’igihombo cyabaye - Uwangirijwe ntagomba gukirira mu ndishyi, kuko ibyo byaba binyuranye n’amahame agenga itangwa ry’indishyi mu gihe umuntu yazihabwa kandi nta gihombo yagize, ariyo mpamvu utaka igihombo wese agomba kugitangira ibimenyetso Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi mbangamirabukungu – Ibimenyetso bigaragazwa mu gusaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu - Kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 azihabwe, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu gihe afite imyaka y’ubukure, akagomba kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 25/03/2016 imoto ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd yaje guhinduka SANLAM AG Plc yakoze impanuka ihitana uwitwa Habyarimana. Abuzungura be n’abavandimwe be baje kugana SORAS AG Ltd basaba indishyi ariko ntibazumvikanaho bituma baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu (préjudice économique), indishyi z’ibangamiramuco (préjudice moral), ndetse n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. Urukiko rwemeje ko abarega bahabwa indishyi zitandukanye zirimo izibangamira muco n’iz’ibangamirabukungu. SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye uru rubanza mu rukiko rukuru ivuga koUrukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwageneye Mukagatare indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntacyo rushingiyeho, ko kandi umushahara muto fatizo wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) wabariweho indishyi ari 3.000 Frw mu mwanya wa 1.400 Frw, kandi ubarirwa ku minsi 30 aho kuba iminsi 22. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Mukagatare nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yari ataunzwe na nyakwigenedera. Mukagatare yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yarenganye nawe amaze kubisuzuma yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hanyuma urwo rubanza ruhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ngo rwongere kuruburanisha. Muri uru rubanza urukiko rwasuzumye ibibazo birimo kumenya niba Mukagatare akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Urega avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavanyeho indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu yari yaragenewe ku rwego rwa mbere rushingiye ku kuba nta kimenyetso na kimwe yagaragaje cyerekana ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera, nyamara muri dosiye hagaragaramo inyandiko y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge yemeza ko Habyarimana ari we wari utunze urugo muri byose. Uregwa asobanura ko ikimenyetso cyagaragajwe ari cyo inyandiko y’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge igaragaza ko nyakwigendera ariwe wari utunze urugo kitigeze gikoreshwa mu iburanisha kandi n’iyo cyanakoreshwa cyaba gifite inenge kuko kidasobanura uko yatungaga urugo kandi kikaba kidafite ibdindi bimenyetso bigishimangira bityo kikaba

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kitashingirwaho hemezwa ko Habyarimana ariwe wari utunze urugo dore ko na Mukagatare yari afite imyaka 61 byerekana ko yari akiri mu myaka yo gukora akaba yabona ibimutunga we ubwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwangirijwe ntagomba gukirira mu ndishyi, kuko ibyo byaba binyuranye n’amahame agenga itangwa ry’indishyi mu gihe umuntu yazihabwa kandi nta gihombo yagize, ariyo mpamvu utaka igihombo wese agomba kugitangira ibimenyetso bityo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Mukagatare asaba zikaba nta shingiro zifite kuko atabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko yari atunzwe na Nyakwigendera nk’igihombo yagize. 2. Kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 azihabwe, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu gihe afite imyaka y’ubukure, akagomba kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho bityo Mukagatare nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera Habyarimana. Ikirego cyatanzwe cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza N° RCA 00192/2018/HC/KIG nta shingiro gifite; Nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Mukagatare agomba guhabwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 22; Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 9. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC hagati ya Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc rwaciwe ku itariki ya 27/01/2023, igika cya 21 n’icya 22. RCAA 0049/14/CS hagati ya SORAS AG Ltd na Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi rwaciwe ku itariki ya 25/11/2016, igika cya 19. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Yvonne Lamber-Faivre, Stéphane Porchy-Simon, Droit du dommage corporel, Systèmes d’indemnisation, 8ème édition, 2016, Dalloz, para. 35. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Inkomoko y’uru rubanza ni impanuka yabaye ku itariki ya 25/03/2016, ikozwe na Moto yari ifite Plaque N° RC 352 Y, ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, iyo mpanuka ikaba yarahitanye uwitwa Habyarimana Pacifique. [2] Ku itariki ya 29/07/2016, abazungura ba Habyarimana Pacifique aribo, umubyeyi we Mukagatare Régine, n’abavandimwe be Uwambaye Clarisse, Uwimana Jacqueline na Iradukunda Claudine, bagannye SORAS AG Ltd basaba indishyi zinyuranye, ariko ntibazumvikanaho bituma baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu (préjudice économique), indishyi z’ibangamiramuco (préjudice moral), ndetse n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [3] Ku itariki ya 28/02/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza N° RC 00647/2018/TGI/NYGE rwemeza ko ikirego cyabo gifite ishingiro, rubagenera indishyi zikurikira:  Mukagatare Régine yagenewe 8.661.957 Frw y’ibangamirabukungu kubera urupfu rwa Habyarimana Pacifique wari umwana we, runamugenera 810.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco, hamwe na 476.600 Frw y’ibindi byakoreshejwe kubera urupfu rwa nyakwigendera;  Uwimana Jacqueline, Uwambaye Clarisse na Iradukunda Claudine bagenewe buri wese 540.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco kubera urupfu rw’umuvandimwe wabo Habyarimana Pacifique;  Bose hamwe kandi bagenewe 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 150.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [4] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwageneye Mukagatare Régine indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntacyo rushingiyeho, ko kandi umushahara muto fatizo wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) wabariweho indishyi ari 3.000 Frw mu mwanya wa 1.400 Frw, kandi ubarirwa ku minsi 30 aho kuba iminsi 22. [5] Mu rubanza N° RCA 00192/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku itariki ya 08/05/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Mukagatare Régine nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba guhabwa, rumutegeka gufatanya n’abandi baregwa hamwe mu bujurire guha SANLAM AG Plc 800.000 Frw akubiyemo indishyi z’ibyatanzwe ku rubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka, no kuyisubiza amafaranga y’igarama yishyuye itanga ikirego. [6] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko nta kimenyetso Mukagatare Régine yarugaragarije cyerekana ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera ku buryo yari kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ruvuga ko ikibazo kijyanye n’ingano y’umushahara muto fatizo wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) nta mpamvu yo kugisuzuma. [7] Ku itariki ya 24/06/2020, Mukagatare Régine, Uwambaye Clarisse, Uwimana Jacqueline na Iradukunda Claudine bandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire basaba ko urubanza N° RCA 00192/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku itariki ya 08/05/2020, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane.

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[8] Nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe bwabo, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nawe yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, amaze kubona raporo yarukorewe, ku itariki ya 26/08/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko rwazongera kuburanishwa ruhabwa N° RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC. [9] Mu nama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku itariki ya 25/11/2022, ababuranyi bumvikanye ko SANLAM AG Plc izishyura ibyategetswe mu rubanza N° RC 00647/2018/TGI/NYGE bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco, indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe mu rupfu rwa Habyarimana Pacifique, bumvikana ko ibibazo bizasuzumwa mu rubanza ari ibirebana gusa n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuri Mukagatare Régine n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego, hamwe n’inzitizi yatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc yo kutakira ikirego cya Uwambaye Clarisse, Uwimana Jacqueline na Iradukunda Claudine. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishirijwe mu ruhame ku itariki ya 20/02/2023, Mukagatare Régine, Uwambaye Clarise, Uwimana Jacqueline na Iradukunda Claudine bahagarariwe na Me Bahati Védaste, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément afatanyije na Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora, habanza gusuzumwa inzitizi yatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc. [11] SANLAM AG Plc yavugaga ko Uwambaye Clarisse, Uwimana Jacqueline na Iradukunda Claudine, nabo bagaragara nk’abarega kuri uru rwego, nyamara ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko rwarabageneye indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zingana na 540.000 Frw buri wese, ntihagira uzijuririra, bivuze ko nta nyungu bagifite mu rubanza. Ivuga ko kuba bimeze bityo bemeye imikirize y’urubanza, kubera ko mu Rukiko Rukuru SANLAM AG Plc ariyo yonyine yari yajuriye inenga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenewe Mukagatare Régine, icyo kibazo akaba ari nacyo cyonyine cyaburanyweho. Yarangije isaba ko ku bibareba ikirego cyabo kitakwakirwa kubera ko nta nyungu bafite. [12] Urukiko rwafatiye icyemezo mu ntebe ko kuba mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane Uwambaye Clarisse, Uwimana Jacqueline na Iradukunda Claudine bari barurimo nk’ababuranyi, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 63 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko1 ntacyabuza ko no kuri uru rwego baruhamagarwamo nk’ababuranyi, ariko bakaba batemerewe kuzana ibitaraburanywe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Koko rero, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye bagenewe indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zihwanye na 540.000 Frw buri wese ariko ntibazijuririra, bituma zitagarukwaho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [13] Urukiko rwakomeje iburanisha hasuzumwa ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Mukagatare Régine yaragombaga guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, n’icy’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO  Kumenya niba Mukagatare Régine akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. 1 Iteganya ko iyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyangwa urundi rukiko Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga agena rushyikirijwe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rurusuzuma bundi bushya abarubayemo ababuranyi bose bahamagajwe.

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[14] Me Bahati Védaste uhagarariye Mukagatare Régine avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavanyeho indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Mukagatare Régine yari yaragenewe ku rwego rwa mbere rushingiye ku kuba nta kimenyetso na kimwe umuburanira yagaragaje cyerekana ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera, nyamara muri dosiye hagaragaramo inyandiko y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge yemeza ko Habyarimana Pacifique ari we wari utunze urugo muri byose. Avuga ko kudaha agaciro icyo kimenyetso byaburijemo isesengura ry’ikibazo cy’ingano y’umushahara muto fatizo wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) wagombaga gushingirwaho mu kubara izo ndishyi. [15] Akomeza avuga ko Icyemezo cy’Umurenge kigaragaza ko Habyarimana Pacifique yari akiri ingaragu, ataha iwabo mu rugo, akaba rero ari we wafashaga Mukagatare Régine mu mibereho ye ya buri munsi cyanye cyane ko uyu nta mbaraga zihagije yari agifite, ko n’aho bavuze ko yari umuhinzi, nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko uwo mwuga yawukoraga. [16] Avuga kandi ko mu guca urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, umucamanza yivuguruje aho hamwe yavuze ko abarega bakwiye indishyi, ubundi akavuga ko ntazo bakwiye. Avuga ko yitiranyije indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco abishingiye ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 25/08/2003 nyamara iryo Teka ritabaho, kuko iririryo ari Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iyo ngingo ikaba iteganya ko abari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe aribo bonyine bafite uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, aho bose hamwe amafaranga bahabwa atagomba kurenga 2/3 by’umusaruro ukomoka ku murimo umuntu atahana, 1/3 gisigaye kigafatwa nk’amafaranga yo kwita ku wahohotewe ubwe. [17] Mu gusoza, Me Bahati Védaste uhagarariye Mukagatare Régine avuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu asaba zikwiye kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira: 108,333 Frw x 12 x 37 x 2/3 ÷ 1 + (0.07 x 37) = 8.932.192 Frw. [18] Me Nsengiyumva Niyondora na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément bahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko basanga nta karengane kagaragara mu rubanza N° RCA 0192/2018/HC/KIG, kuko Mukagatare Régine aterekana aho gashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: i. Mu myanzuro ye, ntagaragaza aho akarengane gashingiye mu rwego rw’amategeko, cyane cyane ko iyo nzira y’ubujurire ari inzira idasanzwe, kandi uwajuriye akaba afite inshingano yo kwerekana kamwe mu duce tw’ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko akarengane gashingiyeho. ii. Mu myanzuro ye, Mukagatare Régine avuga ko Urukiko rwitiranyije indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 23 y’iryo Teka, nyamara atari byo kubera ko mu gika cya 8, Urukiko rwabanje kwibutsa ibyo ingingo ya 22 iteganya2, maze rwanzura ko kugira ngo zitangwe ziba zigomba kugaragarizwa ibimenyetso. 2 Iteganya ko abari basanzwe batunzwe na nyakwigendera bafite inshingano yo kugaragaza koko ariwe wari usanzwe ubatunze.

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[19] Bavuga ko ikindi kigaragaza ko nta karengane kari muri uru rubanza ari uko urega avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ikimenyetso gishingiye ku cyemezo cy’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge wahamije ko Mukagatare Régine yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, nyamara icyo kimenyetso batarakiburanishije mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko ahubwo bavugaga ko SANLAM AG Plc ariyo igomba gutanga ikimenyetso cy’uko Mukagatare Régine atari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera. Ibyo Urukiko rukaba rwarabisuzumye mu gika cya 4, icya 9 n’icya 10, rusanga uregwa atari we ukwiye gutegekwa gutanga ibimenyetso. [20] Bavuga kandi ko icyo cyemezo bakinenga ku mpamvu zikurikira: i. Kuba kivuga ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze umuryango avukamo mu buryo bwa rusange, ariko ntigisobanure impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga atunga Mukagatare Régine; ii. Kuba nta tegeko na rimwe riha Umurenge ububasha bwo gutanga bene icyo cyemezo nk’uko bimeze ku bindi byemezo by’irangamimerere; iii. Kuba nta bindi bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bicyunganiye byabonetse mu buryo butagamije gufasha ababuranyi mu rubanza, cyane cyane ko impanuka yabaye mu mwaka wa 2016 kikaboneka mu wa 2019; iv. Kuba icyemezo cy’Akagari Umurenge washingiyeho kitagaragara, uretse ko n’Akagari katamenya uko umuntu wese ugatuyemo abayeho. [21] Ku bijyanye kandi n’agaciro kagomba guhabwa ikimenyetso gishingiye ku cyemezo cyatanzwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge, abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabisobanuye mu rubanza N° RCAA 00049/14/CS, aho rwavuze ko bene icyo kimenyetso nta gaciro cyahabwa, kuko kitagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yerekana ko nyakwigendera yari asanzwe atunze abasaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Bavuga ko, bashingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu gika cya 19 cy’urwo rubanza, icyo kimenyetso gitangwa n’inzego z’ibanze kigomba kuba giherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso byerekana uko nyakwigendera yari asanzwe atunze abasaba indishyi, nka bordereaux za Banki, Mobile money, kwishyura ubukode n’ibindi. [22] Bakomeza bavuga ko, uretse n’ibyo, ikimenyetso gishingiye ku nyandiko y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge nta n’agaciro gikwiye guhabwa, kuko Habyarimana Pacifique yapfuye afite imyaka 28, mu gihe Mukagatare Régine yari afite imyaka 61, bivuze ko yari akiri mu kigero cy’umuntu ukora kandi witunze nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’umwirondoro we wuzuye (attestation d’identité complète) cyerekana ko yakoraga umwuga w’ubuhinzi. Ibyo bakaba babishingira ku ngingo ya 255, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, iteganya ko umwana agomba guha agaciro ababyeyi be, kububaha no kubaha ibibatunga igihe babikeneye, bakavuga ko kuva ku rwego rwa mbere Mukagatare Régine atigeze agaragaza ko yari akeneye ibimutunga ngo yerekane uko nyakwigendera ariwe wabimuhaga. [23] Bavuga kandi ko kuba Habyarimana Pacifique yari afite akazi, atari ikimenyetso cy’uko ariwe wenyine wagombaga gutunga umubyeyi we mu gihe yari asanzwe afite abandi bavandimwe, ko niba ntacyo abo bavandimwe bakoraga ku bijyanye no gutunga umubyeyi

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wabo, bikwiye kumvikana ko atari abikeneye, bityo na nyakwigendera akaba nta nshingano yari afite yo kumutunga, cyane cyane ko batanagaragaza uko yamutungaga nko kumukodeshereza inzu, kumuhahira, kumwambika, kumuvuza n’ibindi. [24] Banzura bavuga ko kuba Mukagatare Régine atagaragaza ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera mu buryo buhoraho nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru, aho mu rurimi rw’igifaransa ivuga ngo “seuls les ayants-droits justifiants qu’ils étaient à charge de la victim …”, Urukiko rukwiye kwemeza ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 8.932.192 Frw asaba ntazo agomba guhabwa. Uko Urukiko rubibona: [25] Ababuranyi muri uru rubanza bemeranya ko, kugira ngo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zitangwe, uzisaba agomba kuba yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera. Icyo batemeranyaho ari nacyo kigize impaka muri uru rubanza, ni ikimenyetso gikwiye kugaragaza uwari utunzwe na nyakwigendera ku buryo yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Mukagatare Régine avuga ko kuba hari icyemezo cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze kibihamya bihagije, mu gihe SANLAM AG Plc yo ivuga ko hagomba n’ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko mu by’ukuri usaba indishyi yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera mu buryo buhoraho. [26] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko […] Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka aribo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa iyi ngingo igira iti […] “seuls les ayants-droits justifiants qu’ils étaient à charge de la victime peuvent être indemnisés. [27] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko bidahagije kwerekana ko hari amasano usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu afitanye na nyakwigendera gusa, ko ahubwo agomba no gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari asanzwe ari mu nshingano ze kumutunga. [28] Mu rubanza rwaburanwaga hagati ya Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc3, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko ku birebana no kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda, imyandikire y’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru, igaragaza neza ko zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso ko yari amutunze koko. Rwemeje kandi ko umuntu urengeje imyaka y’ubukure atavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga atagaragaje impamvu idasanzwe, kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. [29] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso bigomba gutangwa byerekana ko usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu rubanza rwari hagati ya SORAS AG Ltd, ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc4, na Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge ataricyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na 3 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 27/01/2023, igika cya 21 n’icya 22. 4 Urubanza N° RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku itariki ya 25/11/2016, igika cya 19.

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nyakwigendera, ko icyo kimenyetso kitagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga abatunga kandi bujuje imyaka y’ubukure, ko n’ubwo yaba yarabikoraga, byafatwa nk’ubufatanye busanzwe hagati y’abagize umuryango (entraide familiale). Urukiko rwanzuye ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge igomba kuba iherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bigizwe n’inyandiko zose zemeza ibyo urega asaba zivugwa mu ngingo ya 9 y’Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka5. [30] Ibyavuzwe muri izo manza ko usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba gutanga ibimenyetso by’uko hari icyo yatakaje kubera urupfu rwa nyakwigendera, bihura n’ihame ry’uko indishyi zigomba guhura n’igihombo. Ibi byagarutsweho n’abahanga mu mategeko Yvonne Lambert-Faivre na Stéphanie Porchy-Simon, aho bavuga ko ihame ryo gutanga indishyi rihura n’ihame ryo kuriha ibyangiritse byose, ariko byonyine. Bakomeza bavuga ko uwangirijwe atagomba gukirira mu ndishyi, ko ibyo byaba binyuranye n’amahame agenga itangwa ry’indishyi mu gihe umuntu yazihabwa kandi nta gihombo yagize, ariyo mpamvu bavuga ko utaka igihombo wese agomba kugitangira ibimenyetso. (Le principe indemnitaire apporte sa limite au principe de la réparation intégrale: tout le préjudice, mais rien que le préjudice. En effet, la victime ne doit pas s’enrichir à l’occasion de l’indemnisation. Bien entendu, il serait contraire au principe indenmitaire que la victime soit indemnisée pour un préjudice qui n’existe pas: tout préjudice invoqué doit être prouvé6. […] [31] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Mukagatare Régine avuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu asaba azishingira ku byago yagize byo kubura umwana we Habyarimana Pacifique wazize impanuka yo mu muhanda kandi ari we wari umutunze, ikimenyetso abitangira akaba ari icyemezo cyo ku itariki ya 24/01/2019 cyatanzwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge kibihamya. [32] Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zagaragajwe haruguru, kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru azihabwe, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu gihe afite imyaka y’ubukure, akagomba kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko uwateje impanuka, cyangwa byaba ngombwa Ikigega cy’ingoboka ku binyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka, binyuze ku bwumvikane, bakamwereka inyandiko zose zemeza ishingiro ry’ibyo basaba. […] zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. [33] Urukiko rurasanga ubwo ku itariki ya 25/03/2016, Habyarimana Pacifique yakoraga impanuka agapfa, Mukagatare Régine yari akiri mu kigero cy’umuntu ugishobora gukora kubera ko yari afite imyaka 61 gusa nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo kiranga umuntu (attestation d’identite complète) kiri muri dosiye kuko gihamya ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 1955, akaba nta kindi kimenyetso yagaragarije Urukiko cyerekana ko hari impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga adashobora kwitunga ku buryo yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera. 5 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko mbere yo gutangira kuregera indishyi mu nkiko, uwangirijwe cyangwa abamuhagarariye bemewe n’amategeko, cyangwa iyo yapfuye, abafite uburenganzira ku bintu bye, bishyuza indishyi uwishingiye 6 Yvonne Lamber-Faivre, Stéphane Porchy-Simon, Droit du dommage corporel, Systèmes d’indemnisation, 8ème édition, 2016, Dalloz, para. 35.

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[34] Ku bivugwa na Me Bahati Védaste ko ukurikije imyaka Mukagatare Régine yari agezemo nta mbaraga zihagije yari afite, ashaka kumvikanisha ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo ubwabyo bidahagije kwerekana ko yari asanzwe ari mu nshingano za nyakwigendera, kubera ko umuntu wese ufite imyaka 61 bidasobanuye ko nta mbaraga aba agifite ku buryo aba atagishoboye kwitunga. [35] Ku birebana n’ikimenyetso kijyanye n’inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge gitangwa na Mukagatare Régine ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ubwacyo kidahagije mu gihe kidaherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko koko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mbese ko ari we wamumenyeraga buri kimwe cyose (qu’elle était à charge de la victime). [36] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, Mukagatare Régine nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera Habyarimana Pacifique, bityo ikirego cye gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane kikaba nta shingiro gifite.  Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa yatangwa. [37] Me Bahati Védaste asaba ko Mukagatare Régine yahabwa 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka wamuburaniye mu nkiko zose. [38] SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko urega asaba guhabwa 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka nyamara yo ifata uru rubanza nk’ikirego cy’amaherere urega yayishoyemo, mu gihe nawe, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu ngingo ya mbere, atabasha kuvuguruza ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuva mu gika cya 8 kugeza ku cya 10 by’urubanza N° RCA 0192/2018/HC/KIG, bityo indishyi asaba kuri iyi ngingo zikaba nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa. [39] SANLAM AG Plc ivuga kandi ko isanga yarashowe mu rubanza rw’akarengane nta mpamvu kuko Mukagatare Régine urega nta kimenyetso na kimwe yerekana kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera Habyarimana Pacifique ari we wari umutunze, bityo igasaba Urukiko kumutegeka kuyishyura 1.500.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [40] Mukagatare Régine avuga ko indishyi SANLAM AG Plc isaba na nta shingiro zifite kuko yareze akurikirana uburenganzira bwe, ku buryo atacibwa indishyi cyangwa ngo asabwe igihembo cya Avoka. Uko urukiko rubibona [41] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Mukagatare Régine asaba ntayo agomba guhabwa kuko ntacyo atsindiye. [42] Ku birebana n’amafaranga asabwa na SANLAM AG Plc kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rurasanga igomba kuyahabwa kubera ko ariyo itsinze urubanza kandi bikaba bigaragara ko

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yagombye gushaka Abavoka bayiburanira. Urukiko rurasanga ariko 1.500.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza isaba ari menshi, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo ikaba igenewe 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 800.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [43] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukagatare Régine asaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza N° RCA 00192/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku itariki ya 08/05/2020, nta shingiro gifite; [44] Rwemeje ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Mukagatare Régine agomba guhabwa. [45] Rutegetse Mukagatare Régine guha SANLAM AG Plc 800.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.