MUKAKALISA N’ABANDI v SONARWA N’UNDI (Fond)

# MUKAKALISA N’ABANDI v SONARWA N’UNDI (Fond)

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-07 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUKAKALISA N’ABANDI v SONARWA (Fond) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J., Muhumuza, Kazungu, J.) 07 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu – Umuntu ufite imyaka y’ubukuru – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso ko yari amutunze koko – Mu gihe uzisaba afite imyaka y’ubukure, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, akagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Iki kibazo gikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 24 Mutarama 2024 ubwo Nshimyumuremyi yagongwaga n’imodoka yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SONARWA hanyuma agahita apfa. Umubyeyi we witwa Mukakalisa n’abavandimwe be 4 bakurikiranye indishyi binyuze mu bubasha bahaye uwitwa Karonkano ngo abakurkirinire izo ndishyi muri SONARWA. Mukakalisa yaje kubona kuri konti ye indishyi zingana na FRW 357.000, abwirwa ko andi azashyirwaho nyuma kuko ayo yari make ariko arategereza araheba. Abasaba indishyi baje gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi barega umwishingizi na Karonkana bavuga ko babariganije ntibabahe indishyi zikwiye ariko ikirego nticyakiriwe ngo kuko cyashaje kandi hakaba haranabayeho kwikiranura. Abarega bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, rwemeza ko ikirego kitashaje, urubanza rusubizwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko habayeho kwikiranura hagati y’abasaba indishyi n’umwishingizi. Abarega ntibanyuzwe bajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru narwo rwemeza ko habayeho kwikiranura. Mukakalisa n’abo bafatanyije ikirego bagiye mu nzira z’akarengane maze urubanza rwabo ruhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba harabayeho kwikiranura hagati ya Mukakalisa n’abana be na SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd. Urukiko rwasanze uko kwikiranura kutarabayeho kuko kwakozwe n’utabifitiye ububasha bwuzuye kandi ukwikiranura bikozwe n’utabifitiye ububasha bwuzuye cyangwa se ibikorwa byakozwe n’intumwa bitari mu bubasha bwayo, birenze ububasha yahawe, bifatwa nkaho bitabayeho. Urukiko rwasuzumye urubanza mu mizi hasuzumwa ibibazo byo kumenya niba harabayeho ubusaze bw’ikirego n’ishingiro ry’indishyi zasabwe zirimo iz’ibangamirabukingu, ibangamiramuco. SONARWA isobanura ko ikirego cyo kuregera indishyi gisaza mu myaka itanu bityo iki kirego kikaba cyarashaje kuko hashize imyaka icumi impanuka gikomokaho ibaye. Abaregera indishyi bo bavuga ko ubwo busaze butabayeho kuko basabye izo ndishyi mbere y’uko imyaka itanu ishira. Urukiko rwasanze iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko abaregera indishyi batigeze bamenyeshwa umushinga w’indishyi bagombaga guhabwa ngo nabo bemere izo ndishyi. Mukakalisa asobanura ko yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko nyakwigendera ari we wari umutunze nk’umubyeyi we kandi w’umupfakazi ndetse na barumuna be bose akaba ari we wabahaga ibibatunga, kuko umwana agomba guha agaciro ababyeyi, kububaha no kubaha

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ibibatunga igihe babikeneye. SONARWA ivuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu abarega basaba batazihabwa kuko nta kimenyetso bagaragaje gihamya ko ari we wari ubatunze. Abarega kandi basaba ko bahabwa indishyi z’ibangamiramuco nkuko zigenwa n’amategeko. SONARWA yo ivuga koi zo ndishyi zitatangwa kuko habayeho ubusaze kandi ko nta kigaragaza ko abasaba izo ndishyi baba bakiriho kuko ibyangombwa bakoresha bimaze igihe bitanzwe. Urukiko rwasanze ibijyanye n’ubusaze SONARWA ivuga nta shingiro bifite naho ku bijyanye no kuba nta kigaragaza ko abaregera indishyi bakiriho, ko itagaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko batakiriho. Incamake y’icyemezo: Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso ko yari amutunze koko. Mu gihe uzisaba afite imyaka y’ubukure, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, akagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho bityo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikaba zidakwiye gutangwa kuko nta kimenyetso cy’uko abarega muri uru rubanza bari batuznwe na nyakwigendera ahubwo bakaba bakwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamiramuco. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 111; Itegeko–Teka No 32/1975 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 10; Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 12, 22, 23. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC, Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023; RS/INJUST/RS 00021/2022/SC, Mukagatare Régine n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/03/2023. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 24/01/2010, imodoka GR 466 C ifite ubwishingizi muri SONARWA yagonze Nshimyumuremyi François arapfa. [2] Mukakalisa Alphonsine umubyeyi we n’abavandimwe be bane (4), ari bo Musabyimana Vestine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline, Nyiransabimana Dorothée, bifashishije

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Karonkano Etienne1, basabye SONARWA indishyi zikomoka kuri iyi mpanuka, ku wa 23/10/2010 yishyura 357.000 Frw yashyizwe kuri konti ya Mukakalisa Alphonsine muri Banki y’Abaturage. [3] Mukakalisa Alphonsine avuga ko amafaranga ageze kuri konti yabajije Karonkano Etienne impamvu indishyi zishyuwe ari nkeya, undi amusubiza ko hari andi mafaranga SONARWA izohereza, ni uko arategereza. [4] Abonye ayo mafaranga yasigaye atayabonye, yashatse umunyamategeko maze ku itariki ya 09/11/2020 arega SONARWA na Karonkano Etienne mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, abarega uburiganya bakoze mu iyishyurwa ry’indishyi, asaba Urukiko gutegeka SONARWA kwishyura indishyi zikwiye zibazwe hashingiwe ku mategeko agenga iki kibazo; kuri Karonkano asaba ko ategekwa kumusubiza igihembo yamuhaye kingana na 180.000 Frw, ikirego gihabwa No RC 00071/2020/TGI/KNG. [5] Abaregwa bireguye bavuga ko ikirego kidakwiriye kwakirwa kuko habayeho kwikiranura kandi ko cyanashaje, kuko cyatanzwe nyuma y’imyaka itanu (5)2. [6] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwaciye urubanza ku wa 28/10/2020 ruvuga ko ikirego kitakiriwe kuko cyashaje ndetse ko impande zombi zikiranuye. [7] Mukakalisa n’abana be bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bavuga ko nta kwikiranura nta n’ubusaze byabayeho, icyo kirego gihabwa No RCA 00054/2021/HC/RSZ. [8] Ku itariki ya 29/06/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwakiriwe, rutesha agaciro urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, rutegeka ko rusubira mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rukaburanishwa mu mizi. Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’abarega bigaragaza ko nta kwikiranura kubahirije amategeko kwabayeho, kandi ko nta n’ubusaze bw’ikirego bwabayeho. [9] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwakiriye dosiye ruyandika kuri No RC 00047/2022/TGI/KNG, ruca urubanza ku wa 21/12/2022 rurongera rwemeza ko habayeho kwikiranura n’ubwo inyandiko yabyo itagaragara, rwanzura ko nta buranisha mu mizi rigomba gukorwa. [10] Uru rubanza Mukakalisa n’abo barusangiye barongeye barujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ruhabwa No RCA 00001/2023/HC/RSZ. Ku wa 16/10/2023, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza noneho ko ababuranyi bikiranuye “nubwo amasezerano yo kwikiranura afite imyandikire yayo” ndetse no muri dosiye “akaba atagaragazwa”, rwemeza ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza No RC 00047/2022/TGI/KNG.

1 Uyu ni se wabo wa Mukakalisa Alphonsine, ubutumwa yahawe bwanditswe ku itariki ya 14/02/2010. 2 Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N° 01/2002 ryo ku wa 17/01/2002 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko- teka Teka N° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20 Kamena 1975 ryerekeye Ubwishingizi muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko « Igihe cy’ubusaze cyo gukurikirana ikibazo n’ibirego ibyo ari byo byose bikomoka ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi kimara imyaka itanu ». Iki gihe cy’imyaka itanu (5) ni nacyo giteganywa n’ingingo ya 10, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko- Teka N° 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu.

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[11] Mukakalisa Alphonsine n’abana be ntibishimiye iyo mikirize, maze bandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire basaba ko urubanza No RCA 00001/2023/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ku wa 16/10/2023, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [12] Nyuma yo gusuzuma raporo yarukorewe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rwavuzwe rwongera kuburanishwa n’Uru Rukiko, rwandikwa kuri No RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2024/SC. [13] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 14/10/2024, Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée bahagarariwe na Me Nsengiyumva Eugène; SONARWA ihagarariwe na Me Bagomora Charles; Karonkano Etienne yunganiwe na Me Ruganza Bin Seba, habanza gusuzumwa ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba harabayeho kwikiranura hagati ya SONARWA na Mukakalisa Alphonsine n’abana be, Urukiko ruvuga ko icyemezo kizasomwa ku wa 22/11/2024. [14] Mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwaciwe ku wa 22/11/2024, Urukiko rwemeje ko nta masezerano yo kwikiranura yabayeho hagati ya Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée na SONARWA, rwemeza ko iburanisha rizakomeza ku wa 07/01/2025 hasuzumwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumuremyi François zasabwaga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi (indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z’ibangamiramuco n’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura), hamwe n’indishyi zerekeranye n’ibyakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza zisabwa n’ababuranyi. [15] Ku wa 07/01/2025, iburanisha ryabereye mu ruhame, Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée bahagarariwe na Me Nsengiyumva Eugène; SONARWA ihagarariwe na Me Bagomora Charles; Karonkano Etienne we iburanisha ryatangiye adahari, yageze mu Rukiko yakerewe afatira urubanza aho rwari rugeze, yunganiwe na Me Ruganza Bin Seba, hasuzumwa ibijyanye n’ubusaze bw’ikirego hamwe n’indishyi zasabwe n’abarega zavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba harabayeho ubusaze bw’ikirego cy’indishyi [16] Me Bagomora Charles uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko ikirego gisaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka gisaza nyuma y’imyaka itanu, kandi ko impanuka ikomokaho uru urubanza yabaye ku wa 24/01/2010, Karonkano Etienne intumwa y’abarega muri SONARWA ahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana indishyi ku wa 14/02/2010, noneho ikirego cy’indishyi gitangwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ku wa 28/10/2021. Bityo ko kuba abarega barareze nyuma y’imyaka icumi, uburenganzira bwabo babutakaje kubera ubusaze, ikirego kikaba kidakwiriye kwakirwa. [17] Me Nsengiyumva Eugène uhagarariye Mukakalisa n’abana be avuga ko ubwo busaze butabayeho kuko abarega basabye izo ndishyi mbere y’uko imyaka itanu ishira.

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Uko Urukiko rubibona [18] Ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko–Teka No 32/1975 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko «ikirego cyose cy’umuntu wangirijwe kiregwa uwishingiye gikomoka kuri iri Tegeko-Teka gisaza hashize imyaka itanu (5) uhereye igihe igikorwa cyateje ibyago cyabereyeho. Ibihagarika ubusaze bw’ikirego uwangirijwe arega uwishingiwe bihagarika ubusaze bw’ikirego kiregwa uwishingiye. Ibihagarika ubusaze bw’ikirego uwangirijwe arega uwishingiye bihagarika ubusaze bw’ikirego cye arega abishingiwe. Ubusaze ku wishingiye buhagarikwa n’impamvu zose zishaka ubwumvikane hagati y’uwishingiye n’uwangirijwe. Igihe gishya cy’imyaka itanu gitangira uhereye igihe umwe muri bo amenyesheje undi ko ahagaritse ibiganiro byari bigamije ubwumvikane akoresheje inyandiko y’umuhesha w’inkiko (exploit d’huissier); iyo uko guhagarika gukozwe hakoreshejwe ibaruwa ishinganye (lettre recommandée) igihe gishya cy’ubusaze gitangira kubarwa ku munsi ukurikira uwo iyo baruwa yashyiriwe mu Iposita». [19] Ingingo ya 12 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko “Mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu uhereye ku itariki y’iyakirwa ry’uburyo bwo kwishyura bwatanzwe n’Umwishingizi, abafite uburenganzira bahita batanga icyemezo cyabo kuri ubwo buryo bwatanzwe. Iyo icyo gihe kirenze nta cyemezo cyatanzwe, bifatwa nk’aho abafite uburenganzira babyemeye. Iyo hatabayeho ubwumvikane ku buryo bwo kuriha amafaranga atangwa, uburyo bwatanzwe n’Umwishingizi ntibwemerwa. Iyo habayeho ubwumvikane ku buryo bwo kuriha, abagiranye amasezerano bagomba gukurikiza ku buryo budasubirwaho iryo rihwa ry’ayo mafaranga”. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na SONARWA, ku ruhande rumwe, ko habayeho ubusaze bwo kuregera indishyi kuko Mukakalisa n’abana be batanze ikirego cyabo ku wa 28/10/2021 mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, hashize imyaka irenga 10 uhereye ku wa 28/05/2010 itariki Karonkano yasinyiye kuri “Proposition de Transaction”, nta shingiro bifite kuko itabamenyesheje umushinga w’indishyi ishaka kubaha kugirango nabo bemeze ko bawubonye kandi ko bemeye kwishyurwa indishyi zanditsemo zingana na 357.000 Frw, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 12 y’Iteka rya Perezida. [21] Urukiko rusanga, ku rundi ruhande, ibiganiro bigamije kwemeza indishyi mu bwumvikane bitarigeze bihagarikwa mu buryo buteganyijwe n’ingingo ya 10 yibukijwe hejuru, kuko nta nyandiko y’Umuhesha w’Inkiko cyangwa inyandiko ishinganye mu Iposita ibivuga yabayeho. [22] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe hejuru n’ibisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rusanga nta busaze bwabayeho bwo kuregera indishyi kuri Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée. 2. Kumenya niba Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu [23] Me Nsengiyumva Eugène uhagarariye Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée, avuga ko SONARWA

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ikwiye kubariha indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, kandi ko ubusabe bwabo bushingiye ku ngingo ya 255 y’Itegeko N° 32/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango ryo ku wa 28/08/2016, ryariho igihe ikirego cyatangwaga, igira iti : « Abana bose bakomoka ku mubyeyi cyangwa ku babyeyi bazwi bagira uburenganzira n’inshingano zimwe ku babyeyi babo, hatitawe ku buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bavutsemo. Umwana agomba guha agaciro ababyeyi, kububaha no kubaha ibibatunga igihe babikeneye ». [24] Asobanura ko indishyi zisabwa zishingiye ku kuba urupfu rwa nyakwigendera rwarabavukije ibibatunga bamukomoragaho, by’umwihariko asobanura ko Mukakalisa Alphonsine umubyeyi we kandi w’umupfakazi yabuze ubufasha yamuhaga mu kurera barumuna be bari bakiri bato. [25] Akomeza asobanura ko indishyi bazibaze bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, no ku mushahara muto ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi. Izo ndishyi zibazwe zitya: 3.000 x 12 x 44 x 2/3: 1+ (5% x 44) = 9.900.000 Frw. [26] Me Bagomora Charles uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko Urukiko rutategeka SONARWA gutanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko abarega batatanze ikimenyetso cy’uko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera, ibyo bakabishingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023, haburana Niyonzima n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc, ugira uti : « Hagati y’ababyeyi n’abana barengeje imyaka y’ubukure, inshingano yo guhana ibibatunga ibaho gusa iyo usaba ibimutunga abikeneye, byumvikanisha ko kugira ngo abihabwe agomba gutanga ibimenyetso by’uko akeneye ibimutunga, ndetse ko ubisabwa abifitiye ubushobozi, bityo agasaba ko abaregera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntazo bagomba guhabwa kuko bujuje imyaka y’ubukure kandi bakaba batagaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera » [27] Karonkano Etienne avuga ko ntacyo ahindura ku mwanzuro we yashyize muri système IECMS, ko ntacyo yavuga ku ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko ntazo asabwa, ariko nawe ashimangira ibivugwa na SONARWA ko habayeho ubusaze bwo kuziregera. Uko Urukiko rubibona [28] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya mbere y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko « [….] Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka ari bo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi ». [29] Mu rubanza rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko haburana Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc3, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso ko yari amutunze koko, rwanemeje ko umuntu urengeje imyaka y’ubukure atavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga atagaragaje impamvu idasanzwe, kandi akabitangira

3 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 27/01/2023, igika cya 21 na 22

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ibimenyetso bifatika nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. [30] Ibi ni nabyo byemejwe mu rubanza rwaburanwaga hagati ya MUKAGATARE Régine n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc4, ko kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru azihabwe, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu gihe afite imyaka y’ubukure, akagomba kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. [31] Urukiko rurasanga abarega bo bumvikanisha ko nta kindi kimenyetso gikenewe cyagaragaza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera, kirenze kuba Mukakalisa Alphonsine ari umupfakazi wari ukeneye ubufasha bwe; nyamara hashingiwe ku mirongo yibukijwe yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko, yagombaga kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko abarega bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera, kuko buri muburanyi agomba gutanga ikimenyetso cy’ibyo avuga, aburanisha, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 12 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, igira iti « Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera (…) », ibi bigahura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 4, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko «urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba (…) » [32] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zimaze kuvugwa ndetse no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rusanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zisabwa nta shingiro zifite. 3. Kumenya niba Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamiramuco [33] Me Nsengiyumva Eugène uhagarariye Mukakalisa Alphonsine n’abana be avuga ko Mukakalisa nk’umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera asaba indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zingana: 3000 X 30 X 12 X 0,75 = 810.000 Frw, naho abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera bagasaba izingana na: 3000 X 30 X12 X 0,5 X 4 = 2.160.000 Frw. Avuga kandi ko muri aya mafaranga havanwamo 357.000 Frw yishyuwe na SONARWA. [34] Me Bagomora Charles uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko izi ndishyi zitagomba gutangwa kuko habayeho ubusaze no kwikiranura kw’ababuranyi ndetse ko nta kigaragaza ko abazisaba bakiriho kuko ibyemezo byabo byatanzwe ku wa 03/03/2010. Uko Urukiko rubibona [35] Ingingo ya 23 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ivuga ko « amafaranga atangirwa ibangamira ry’umubano igihe umuntu apfuye, agomba guhabwa gusa abantu bavugwa hepfo kandi hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri teka:

4 Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RS 00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 17/03/2023, igika cya 32 na 33

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• Uwo bashakanye ahabwa 1 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko • Ababyeyi n’abana b’isezerano cyangwa bemewe n’amategeko bahabwa 0,75 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko • Abavandimwe be bahabwa 0,5 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko» [36] Muri uru rubanza SONARWA n’abaregera indishyi bemeranywa ko Nshimyumuremyi François yahitanywe n’impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe na SONARWA. Abarega kandi berekanye ibyemezo byatanzwe n’Umurenge wa Bwishyura mu kwezi kwa 10 kwa 2020 bigaragaza ko Mukakalisa Alphonsine ari umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera naho abandi ari abavandimwe be. [37] Urukiko rusanga ubusaze bw’ikirego no kwikiranura rutabigarukaho kuko byafashweho icyemezo. Naho ingingo y’uko abarega baba batakiriho, SONARWA iyiburanisha ni yo igomba kubitangira ikimenyetso kandi ntacyo yatanze, bityo ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [38] Urukiko rusanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 23 y’Iteka rya Perezida n’ibisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Mukakalisa Alphonsine n’abana be bagomba guhabwa buri wese indishyi basabye nk’uko ziteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: i) Mukakalisa Alphonsine nk’umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera Nshimyumuremyi François: 3000 X 30 X 12 X 0,75 = 810.000 Frw; ii) Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée nk’abavandimwe na nyakwigendera buri wese agomba guhabwa: 3000 X 30 X12 X 0,5 = 540.000 Frw. [39] Urukiko rusanga ariko mu mafaranga 357.000 SONARWA yashyize kuri konti ya Mukakalisa Alphonsine, yitaga ko ari zo ndishyi zigomba kwishyurwa muri iyi dosiye, harimo ay’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zingana na 99.000 Frw kuri Mukakalisa Alphonsine na 198.000 Frw ku bana be, nk’uko biri muri Proposition de Transaction yasinywe hagati ya SONARWA na Karonkano; aya mafaranga akaba agomba gukurwa mu ndishyi z’ibangamiramuco bagomba kugenerwa zimaze kuvugwa, bityo bagahabwa: i. Mukakalisa Alphonsine: 810.000 Frw–99.000 Frw = 711.000Frw ii. Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée: 2.160.000 Frw –198.000 Frw = 1.962.000 Frw, ni ukuvuga 490.500 Frw buri wese. 4. Kumenya niba Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée bagenerwa amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura [40] Me Nsengiyumva Eugène uhagarariye Mukakalisa Alphonsine n’abana be avuga ko basaba Urukiko ko mu bushishozi bwarwo rwabagenera amafaranga angana na 1.080.000 Frw akubiyemo ayo gutwara umurambo no gushyingura, abazwe ku kigereranyo cy’inshuro imwe y’umushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka wemewe n’amategeko. Avuga ko impamvu asaba Urukiko gushingira ku bushishozi bwarwo ari uko ibimenyetso by’amafaranga yose akoreshwa igihe umuntu apfuye

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bitapfa kuboneka, ko ariko nk’uko bizwi, hari imihango ikorwa nko gushyingura, gukaraba n’ibindi, ibyo bikaba bisaba ikiguzi. [41] Me Bagomora Charles uhagarariye SONARWA, avuga ko izi ndishyi zidakwiriye gutangwa kuko nta tegeko abazisaba bashingiyeho, mu gihe ingingo ya 21 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2023 ivuga ko amafaranga yakoreshejwe yose mbere y’urupfu na nyuma y’urupfu, yishyurwa habanje gutangwa ibimenyetso, none abarega bakaba nta bimenyetso bagaragaje byerekana ibyakoreshejwe. Uko Urukiko rubibona [42] Ingingo ya 21 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ivuga ko «Amafaranga atangwa ku wapfuye hamwe n’ayo gushyirwa mu bitaro yakoreshejwe mbere y’urupfu ndetse hamwe, igihe bibaye ngombwa n’amafaranga yo gutwara umurambo, yose azishyurwa habanje kwerekanwa ibimenyetso bihamye, hakurikijwe uko biteye mu buryo bwumvikana. Ayo mafaranga azishyurwa abazaba bayatanze mu rugero rutarenze inshuro icumi, umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko». [43] SONARWA n’abaregera indishyi bemeranya ko Nshimyumuremyi François yapfuye azize impanuka y’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe na SONARWA. [44] Nk’uko bisanzwe bizwi, hari ibikorwa bisaba amafaranga igihe umuntu apfuye nko kugura isanduku, utwenda cyangwa se amashuka, gutwara umurambo, gushyingura, indabo, gukaraba n’ibindi; n’ubwo nta kimenyetso cyabyo cyatanzwe, nta wahakana ko byabayeho; bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko Mukakalisa n’abana be bakaba bagomba kugenerwa 1.080.000 Frw basabye. [45] Urukiko rusanga ariko muri aya mafaranga hagomba gukurwamo 60.000 Frw y’ibyakoreshejwe ari muri 357.000 Frw SONARWA yashyize kuri konti ya Mukakalisa Alphonsine, nk’uko biri muri Proposition de Transaction yasinywe hagati ya SONARWA na Karonkano, bityo bagahabwa 1.080.000 Frw – 60.000 Frw = 1.020.000 Frw. 5. Kumenya niba indishyi zijyanye n’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zisabwa n’ababuranyi muri uru rubanza zatangwa [46] Me Nsengiyumva Eugène uhagarariye abarega asaba Urukiko gutegeka Umwishingizi kwishyura abarega amafaranga bakoresheje mu gukurikirana urubanza ateye atya: i) Ingendo: 200.000 x 5 = 1.000.000 Frw; ii) Igihembo cy’umwunganizi ku manza zabanje: 3.000.000 Frw na 1.000.000 Frw (mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga); iii) Amagarama yatanzwe: 100.000 Frw. Yose akaba 5.100.000 Frw. [47] Me Bagomora Charles uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko indishyi zisabwa n’abarega nta shingiro zifite kuko aribo bayishoye mu manza nyamara yo yari yiteguye kwishyura ku neza. Yasabye Urukiko ahubwo ko rwategeka abaregwa kwishyura SONARWA indishyi zigizwe

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n’igihembo cy’Avoka kuva imanza zatangira kugeza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga zingana na 5.000.000 Frw, hamwe na 3.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [48] Karonkano Etienne avuga ko ikirego cy’abarega nikidahabwa ishingiro, asaba Urukiko kuzamugenera indishyi zingana na 2.000.000 Frw kubera kumusiragiza mu nkiko nta mpamvu, asobanura ko aya mafaranga akubiyemo amatike y’ingendo. Uko Urukiko rubibona [49] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko «ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza». [50] Urukiko rusanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka abarega basaba bwakiye kuyahabwa kuko aribo batsinda urubanza, ariko akagenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko ayo basabye ari menshi cyane kandi batagaragaza ko mu by’ukuri ari yo bakoresheje muri uru rubanza. Kubera iyo mpamvu Urukiko rubageneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, hiyongeyeho Milioyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw) y’igihembo cy’Avoka ku nzego zabanje ni ukuvuga ishuro ebyiri (2) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi n’inshuro ebyiri (2) mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rusanga aya mafaranga agenwe ari mu kigero urebye imanza zabayeho zose mbere y’uko dosiye iregerwa mu karengane; abarega kandi bagomba gusubizwa amagarama bishyuye angana na 100.000 Frw; igiteranyo cy’indishyi abarega bahawe aha zingana na Miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda (3.900.000 Frw). [51] Ku birebana n’indishyi zisabwa na SONARWA, Urukiko rusanga ntazo ikwiye guhabwa kuko itsindwa n’urubanza, ndetse na Karonkano akaba ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko ntacyo atsindiye muri uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [52] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukakalisa Alphonsine, Musabyimana Valentine, Nyiraneza Rosine, Nyiranzabandora Aline na Nyiransabimana Dorothée gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RCA 00001/2023/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kuwa 16/10/2023, gifite ishingiro; [53] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RCA 00001/2023/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kuwa 16/10/2023 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [54] Rutegetse SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura abarega indishyi ziteye ku buryo bukurikira: i) Mukakalisa Alphonsine: 711.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco; ii) Musabyimana Valentine: 490.500 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco; iii) Nyiraneza Rosine: 490.500 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco;

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iv) Nyiranzabandora Aline: 490.500 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco; v) Nyiransabimana Dorothée: 490.500 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco. [55] Rutegetse SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura abarega bose hamwe 1.020.000 Frw y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura; [56] Rutegetse SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura abarega bose hamwe 3.900.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’amagarama bishyuye.