MUKAMANA v BAHIZI N’ABANDI

# MUKAMANA v BAHIZI N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-04-19 - Case/document no.: RCA 00114/2019/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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MUKAMANA v BAHIZI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00114/2019/HC/NYZ (Badara, P.J.) 19 Mata 2021] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imanza z’imitungo itimukanwa – Ubutaka - Ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi uko bwaba bungana kose buburanishwa n’inkiko z’ibanze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mukamana, umwana wa Rukikampunzi, umuryango waje kumeneshwa mu mwaka wa 1962 barahunga basiga amasambu abiri. Ayo masambu yaje kwigabizwa n’abaregwa nkuko bagiye bayasimburanamo n’ababyeyi babo ubu akaba aribo bayatuyemo. Mukamana yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga asaba gusubizwa amasambu ya se, abaregwa bakanamwubakira amazu yarimo basenye cyangwa se bakamusubiza agaciro k’izo nzu muri iki gihe, ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza kubera ko amasambu baregera yagenewe ubuhinzi. Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Mukamana nta bubasha rufite bwo kukiburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere. Urega ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ubwo bujurire busuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. Urega avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ubutaka ari ubwo guturamo kandi ataribyo kuko nyuma y’igishushanyo mbonera cya 2011 baba barahatuye bakabuzwa nuko kugeza ubu ababohoje bakomeje kuhahinga bityo ubwo butaka bukaba bukomeje kuba ubwo guhingwa. Abaregwa bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibirego by’ubutaka ku rwego rwa mbere kandi ko Urukiko rwemeje ko ubwo butaka bwagenewe gutura rushingiye kubyo rwagaragarijwe harimo imvugo z'urega ubwe ndetse n'ibyangombwa by'aho baregera. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi uko bwaba bungana kose buburanishwa n’inkiko z’ibanze, kandi n’agaciro kakozwe k’ubutaka butuwe muri uru rubanza kari mu bubasha bw’inkiko z’ibanze bityo ubuijurire bwa Mukamana ntibugomba kwakirwa kuko Uru rukiko nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. Ubujurire bwatanzwe ntibwakiriwe; Imikirize y’urubanza RC 00093/2019/TGI/MHG ntihindutse; Ingwate y’amagarama ihwanye n’ibyakozwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ivuga ko Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere, ingingo ya 27; Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 27. Amategeko yifashishijwe atagikoreshwa:

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Itegeko Ngenga N° 51/2008 ryo kuwa 09/09/2008 ryagenaga imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko yavugaga ko Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere, ingingo ya 67. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mukamana Anastasie ni umwana wa Rukikampunzi Anastase. Uyu mubyeyi we n’umuryango we baje kumeneshwa mu gihugu barahunga mu mwaka wa 1962 asiga amasambu abiri imwe yari atuyemo irimo n’inzu iherereye mu Kamukaragata n’indi sambu ya 2 iherereye Kirwa aho yari yubakiye umukobwa we Agnès, ayo masambu yombi akaba aherereye mu mudugudu wa Kivomo, Akagari ka Tyazo, Umurenge wa Muhanga, Akarere ka Muhanga. Rukikampunzi Anastase amaze guhunga ayo masambu ye yabohojwe n’abaturanyi be, abaregwa bakaba baragiye bayasimburanamo n’ababyeyi babo, ubu akaba aribo bayatuyemo. Mukamana Anastasie asaba gusubizwa amasambu ya se, abaregwa bakanamwubakira amazu yarimo basenye kandi yari yubakishije amatafari ahiye cyangwa se bakamusubiza agaciro k’izo nzu muri iki gihe, ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza kubera ko amasambu baregera yagenewe ubuhinzi. Asaba kandi ko urukiko rutegeka abaregwa kumuha indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 10.000.000 frw kubera ko batashatse kumvikana, gutanga igihembo cy’Avoka 2.000.000 Frw ku isambu zombi n’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza 500.000 Frw. [2] Me Tuyisenge Theophire uhagarariye abaregwa uretse Karera Jean Chrisostome wiburanira, yasabye ko ikirego cya Mukamana Anastasie kitakwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi kubera ko uru rukiko nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanishwa imanza zerekeye amasambu mu rwego rwa mbere, kuko ibyo uhagarariye Mukamana Anastasie avuga ko amasambu aregera yagenewe ubuhinzi ataribyo kuko nawe mu kirego cye yavuze ko abaregwa bayatuyemo, ko urukiko rwabanza gusuzuma inzititi ishingiye ku buzime bw’ikirego cyatanzwe na Mukamana Anastasie, kuko amasambu aregera kuva se Rukikampunzi Anastase ayavamo mu mwaka wa 1962 hashize igihe kirenga imyaka 30. [3] Karera Jean Chrisostome, we aburana avuga ko yemera gusubiza isambu afite ya Rukikampunzi Anastase naho ibijyanye n’inzitizi zatanzwe ntacyo abivugaho. [4] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Mukamana Anastasie nta bubasha rufite bwo kukiburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere. Rutegeka ko Mukamana Anastasie gusubiza abaregwa bose uretse Karera Jean Chrisostome amafaranga miriyoni imwe (1.000.000frw) y’igihembo cy’Avoka. [5] Mukamana Anastasie ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize maze ajuririra muri uru rukiko rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ubutaka ari ubwo guturamo sibyo kuko nyuma y’igishushanyo mbonera cya 2011 baba barahatuye ariko kugeza ubu ababohoje bakomeje kuhahinga gusa uretse ko gahunda ya Leta niyo igena uburyo ubutaka buzakoreshwa. Mu gihe Rukikampunzi yahabaga ubutaka bwe bwari ubwo guhinga no korora kandi nubu niko bimeze. Umuntu ashobora gutura mu murima we agahinga kandi akorora. Ikindi kigaragaza ko ubutaka ari ubwo guhinga no korora nuko kugeza ubu ababohoje batinye kuhubaka ahubwo bahagenera

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ubuhinzi uretse agace ka ka Kirwa aho Bahizi yagurishijemo parcelles 6 kuri iyo sambu ahandi hose hasigaye ni uguhinga gusa bivuze ko 99%y’ubwo butaka buburanwa harahingwa. Itegeko riteganya ko iyo umuburanyi atashoboye kugena agaciro, Urukiko ku nyungu z’ubutabera rwabitegeka. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya na 9, 27 na 45 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko basanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwari rufite ububasha hashingiwe kuri izo ngingo kuko ubutaka bwaregerwaga bwagenewe ubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi. [6] Muri uru rubanza, ibibazo bigiye gusuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira : • Kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburisha ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi. • Kumenya niba hari indishyi zatangwa muri uru rubanza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburisha ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi. [7] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rwasanze kuba Mukamana Anastasie aregera amasambu yasizwe na se Rukikampunzi Anastase mu mwaka wa 1962 amaze kumeneshwa ahungira mu mahanga, ko ayo masambu yariho inzu yari atuyemo ndetse n’indi yari yarubakiye umukobwa we Agnes, bigaragara ko amasambu aregera ari ubutaka bwo guturaho kuko niba hariho amazu bivuze ko bari bahatuye. Ibi bishimangirwa n’imvugo ye ubwe igaragara mu myanzuro itanga ikirego ndetse n’umwunganizi we imbere y’urukiko aho avuga ko amasambu baregera, abaregwa bayubatseho amazu amwe akiriho andi yasenywe. Ahubwo urukiko rushingiye ku kimenyetso yatanze cya Parcel cadastral plan, kigaragaza ko ubutaka aburana bwagenewe guturwaho “Land use: residential”. Ikindi Mukamana Anastasie nta gaciro k’ubutaka aregera yagaragarije urukiko. Bityo kuba ubutaka aburana ari amasambu, kandi akaba ari ubutaka bwo guturaho, akaba ataranagaragaje agaciro kabwo, urukiko rwisumbuye rushingiye ku ngingo ya 27 agace ka 3 yavuzwe haruguru ko nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha iki kirego mu rwego rwa mbere. [8] Mu bujurire bwe, Mukamana Anastasie avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ubutaka ari ubwo guturamo sibyo kuko nyuma y’igishushanyo mbonera cya 2011 baba barahatuye ariko kugeza ubu ababohoje bakomeje kuhahinga gusa uretse ko gahunda ya Leta niyo igena uburyo ubutaka buzakoreshwa. Mu gihe Rukikampunzi yahabaga ubutaka bwe bwari ubwo guhinga no korora kandi nubu niko bimeze. Umuntu ashobora gutura mu murima we agahinga kandi akorora. Ikindi kigaragaza ko ubutaka ari ubwo guhinga no korora nuko kugeza ubu ababohoje batinye kuhubaka ahubwo bahagenera ubuhinzi uretse agace ka ka Kirwa aho Bahizi yagurishijemo parcelles 6 kuri iyo sambu ahandi hose hasigaye ni uguhinga gusa bivuze ko 99%y’ubwo butaka buburanwa harahingwa. Itegeko riteganya ko iyo umuburanyi atashoboye kugena agaciro, Urukiko ku nyungu z’ubutabera rwabitegeka. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya na 9, 27 na 45 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko basanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwari rufite ububasha hashingiwe kuri izo ngingo kuko ubutaka bwaregerwaga bwagenewe ubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi.

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[9] Me Tuyisenge Theophile uhagarariye abaregwa avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko ari ahagenewe gutura rushingiye kubyo rwagaragarijwe harimo imvugo z'urega ubwe ndetse n'ibyangombwa by'aho baregera. Urugero rwa kimwe muri byo icyangombwa cya Ntirenganya Emmanuel kibaruye kuri UPI :2/07/05/05/6336 kigaragaza ko hagenewe gutura akaba aribyo byanditse ahanditse icyo ubutaka bugenewe gukoreshwa ntacyo urega yabashije kunengaho icyemezo cy'urukiko bityo n'ingingo z'amategeko yagaragaje urukiko ruzazisuzume ruzasanga ntaho zihuriye n'ibyo avuga ngo urukiko rwemeje ko nta bubasha bufite, ikigaragara ni uko ibyo rwavuze bifite ishingiro kuri byose . UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 27 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ivuga ko Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere : 3° imanza zerekeye umutungo utimukanwa utari ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, urengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (3.000.000 FRW) ariko katarengeje miliyoni makumyabiri (20. 000 .000 FRW) n’izungura kuri uwo mutungo, kimwe n’impaka ziri hagati y’uwahawe amasezerano y’ubukode burambye n’uwiyita nyir’umutungo ariko utayafite. [11] Urukiko rurasanga iyi ngingo ya 27 y’itegeko rimaze kuvugwa yumvikanisha ko ubundi butaka butagenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nk’ubutaka bwo guturaho kugirango bujye kuburanishwa n’inkiko z’ibanze bisaba ko uwo mutungo utimukanwa ugomba kuba ufite agaciro karengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (3.000.000 FRW) ariko katarengeje miliyoni makumyabiri (20. 000 .000 FRW). [12] Ku bijyanye n’ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nabwo buburanishwa n’inkiko z’ibanze kubera ko iyi ngingo yaje isimbura ingingo ya 67 y’itegeko ngenga N° 51/2008 ryo kuwa 09/09/2008 ryagenaga imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko yavugaga ko Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere : 2° imanza zerekeye amasambu n’amatungo n’izungura kuri ibyo bintu; 4° imanza zerekeye undi mutungo utimukanwa utari amasambu, utarengeje agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (3.000.000) n’izungura kuri uwo mutungo; [13] Kuba ingingo ya 27 y’itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru ivuga ko imanza zerekeye umutungo utimukanwa utari ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ntabwo yashate kuvuga ko ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi buburanishwa n’urundi rukiko ahubwo kwari ugushaka kwerekana ko ubutaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ntabwo ari ngombwa kugaragaza agaciro kabwo uko bwaba bungana kwose buburanishwa n’inkiko z’ibanze. [14] Urukiko rurasanga igenagaciro ryakozwe ku masambu aburanwa ryerekana ko isambu imwe iri ka Kirwa ifite agaciro ka 1.815.410frw, iya Kamukaragata yahawe agaciro ka 13.680.240frw. Ibi byerekana ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza niyo yaba ari amasambu yagenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozo ari mu bubasha bw’urukiko rw’ibanze naho abaye amasambu yo gutura nabwo akagaciro kayo kari mu bubasha bw’urukiko rw’ibanze.

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[15] Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Mukamana Anastasie butagomba kwakirwa kubera ko yaregeye urukiko rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 27 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. Kumenya niba hari indishyi zatangwa muri uru rubanza [16] Me Tuyisenge Theophile uhagarariye abaregwa arasaba indishyi z'ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 250,000frws kuri buri wese ziyongera kuzo yari yaciwe n'urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. [17] Urukiko rurasanga abaregwa mu bujurire bahabwa igihembo cy’avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500 000 frw) kubera ko Me Tuyisenge Theophile yababuraniye bose kandi uru rubanza nta buremere bundi budasanzwe ku buryo abaregwa bahabwa igihembo basaba. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na N Anastasie butakiriwe. [19] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00093/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga idahindutse uretse ko hiyongereyeho igihembo cy’avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500 000 frw) Mukamana Anastasie agomba guha abaregwa. [20] Rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Mukamana Anastasie ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.