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Rwanda Case Law

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Constitutional law RLR V.1-2026

Re NSABIMANA

Article 41 of Law n° 30/2018 does not contradict article 15 of the Constitution because it does not discriminate between litigants within the same category. Differentiation between categories of accused persons, based on their roles and the courts of first instance, is justified by legitimate purposes and does not amount to unconstitutional discrimination.

  • Equality before the law
  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Genocide crimes
  • Appeals process
  • Non-discrimination
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Constitutional law RLR V.4-2025

Re. BUCYENSENGE MENDE

Article 161, paragraph 4 of Law n0 22/2018 does not contradict articles 15, 29(1)(c), or 34 of the Constitution, as the distinction between courts is based on legitimate jurisdictional grounds and the principle that judicial proceedings must have an end. The provision does not deprive aggrieved parties of remedies, nor does it violate equality, due process, or property rights.

  • Third party opposition
  • Equality before the law
  • Right to due process
  • Right to private property
  • Jurisdiction of courts
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Commercial law RCOMAA 00103/2024/CA

SHALOM METAL SUPPLY LTD v. COPCOM

The Court of Appeal dismissed a second appeal by SHALOM METAL SUPPLY LTD, holding it had no jurisdiction because the alleged conciliation defect did not prove lack of jurisdiction.

  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Lease agreements
  • Pre-litigation procedures
  • Appeals process
  • Court-of-appeal
  • Jurisdiction
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Commercial law RCOMAA 00041/2024/CA

EASTINCO LTD v. Daniel Lee HOGAN

By choosing to litigate in court and not raising the arbitration clause as a jurisdictional objection, both parties tacitly amended their contract and waived the right to arbitration. Therefore, the lower courts had jurisdiction, and the Court of Appeal lacks jurisdiction to entertain the second appeal.

  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Arbitration clauses
  • Waiver of arbitration
  • Conflict of interest
  • Enforcement of contracts
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Constitutional law

RLR V. 2- 2025

Article 81, paragraph one, of Law no 22/2018 is not inconsistent with the Constitution, as it lawfully confers jurisdiction on the court where contempt occurs and does not violate the right to appear before a competent court or the principle against self-judging. However, paragraph two of Article 81, which allows immediate punishment for contempt of court without informing the accused of the charges or allowing defence and legal representation, is inconsistent with Article 29(1)(a) of the Constitution. The Court ordered that Article 81 be supplemented to require that the accused be informed o…

  • Due process of law
  • Contempt of court
  • Presumption of innocence
  • Right to appeal
  • Judicial independence
  • Public hearings
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Civil procedure RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2023/SC

MUKAKABERA N’ABANDI v. MUPENDE

The Supreme Court held that a challenge to an auction must be filed as an urgent claim in the court where the auction occurred, and upheld the land registration order.

  • Auction annulment
  • Land registration
  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Execution of judgments
  • Auction-annulment
  • Land-registration
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Civil law RCAA 00018/2023/CA

IRIBAGIZA v. MUKANYONGA

The court held that Mukanyonga Félicité did not prove she was the sole heir of her late mother and therefore lacked standing and legal capacity to sue for the estate in her own name. Consequently, the lower courts erred in accepting her claim. All related judgments were set aside, and the matter reverted to its prior status.

  • Standing to sue
  • Succession rights
  • Burden of proof in inheritance
  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Effect of prior judgments
  • Procedural requirements for inheritance claims
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Commercial law RCOMA 00004/2024/CA

GUARDSMARK Ltd vs RWIRANGA N’UNDI

The Court of Appeal held that an appeal from a High Commercial Court decision on annulment of an arbitral award is not admissible and dismissed GUARDSMARK Ltd’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

  • Arbitration award challenge
  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Appealability of arbitral award decisions
  • Costs and attorney fees
  • Arbitration-award-challenge
  • Appellate-jurisdiction
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Civil procedure RCAA 00009/2024/CA

MBARUSHIMANA v. NTIVUGURUZWA N’ABANDI

The Court of Appeal held that Mbarushimana’s second appeal was inadmissible because he had lost on the same grounds in the lower courts.

  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Mutation of land
  • Standing to sue
  • Appeals process
  • Costs and attorney fees
  • Civil-procedure
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Civil procedure RCOMAA 00016/2023/CA

MBONIGABA v. LETSHEGO RWANDA Ltd

The Court of Appeal held that alleged procedural errors did not amount to lack of jurisdiction and dismissed the second appeal as inadmissible.

  • Jurisdiction of courts
  • Appeals process
  • Loan surety liability
  • Jurisdiction-of-courts
  • Appeals-process
  • Commercial-litigation
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Rwanda decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.