MUKANDINDA v BAYINGANA

# MUKANDINDA v BAYINGANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-06 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00016/2024/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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MUKANDINDA v BAYINGANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCAA 00016/2024/HC/KIG (Hitimana, P.J.) 06 Ukuboza 2024] Imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano - Gutesha agaciro cyamunara - Umutungo wanditse k’umuntu utishyuzwa - Cyamunara ikozwe ku mutungo utimukanwa utanditse ku uryozwa indishyi iteshwa agaciro. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imboneza mubano – Umwenda w’abashyingiranwe n’indishyi zaciwe umwe mu bashyingiranwe - Umwenda w’abashyingirwanwe bari basangiye umutungo, utandukanye n’ indishyi ziryozwa umwe mu bashyingiranwe ku giti cye, izo ndishyi ziryozwa uwazitsindiwe ubwe, ntabwo zaryozwa uwo batandukanye bagabanye imitungo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro Mukandinda na Kabanda (wavugaga ko umutungo wagurishijwe ari uwe kuko habaye ukwibeshya kuri UPI), basaba ko cyamunara yakozwe na Me Kamanzi ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 yateshwa agaciro, Bayingana wari waguze uwo mutungo agoboka muri urwo rubanza ku bushake. Iyo cyamunara yakozwe harangizwa urubanza RPA 00013/2018/TGI/GSBO uwitwa Muhire Valens yatsinzwe, uyu akaba yari umugabo wa Mukandinda ariko batandukanye. Urukiko rwasanze icyo kirego gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko iyo cyamunara iteshejwe agaciro. Me Kamanzi na Bayingana bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bavuga ko cyamunara yabaye ikurikije amategeko bityo ko ikwiye kugumana agaciro, urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko cyamunara ifite agaciro. Abarega bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru ariko Kabanda nyuma aza kureka ikirego. Mbere y’uko iburanisha mu mizi riba, abaregwa batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri, ariko inzitizi ntiyakirwa kubera agaciro k’ikiburanwa. Hasuzuzumwe ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari ikosa urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze mu kwemeza ko cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/10/3802 ikurikije amategeko ko itagomba guteshwa agaciro. Mukandinda avuga ko cyamunara itakurikije amategeko kuko atigeze ayimenyeshwa kandi nta n’amatangazo yigeze atangwa. Akomeza avuga ko habaye ikosa mu kwandikisha ubutaka maze umutungo ubaruye UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 wandikwa kuri Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens kandi ari uwa Kabanda R. Donati naho UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 yandikwa kuri Kabanda R. Donati kandi ari uwa Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens bityo cyamunara ikaba yaragombaga guteshwa agaciro kuko yakorewe ku mutungo w’undi muntu. Yongeraho kandi ko umutungo we afite yawugabanye hagendewe ku rubanza rw’ubutane kuko yatandukanye na Muhire Valens bityo ukaba utatezwa cyamunara hishyurwa indishyi z’uwahoze ari umugabo we. Me Kamanzi Emmanuel avuga ko yafashe umutungo wanditse kuri Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes kuko Mukandinda yari atarawiyandikaho ubwe aba ariwo ateza cyamunara kandi ikaba ikurikije amategeko kuko yabereye muri system kandi n’urubanza rurangizwa ngo hishyurwe indishyi, rwabaye akibana na Muhire nk’umugabo n’umugore. Bayingana we asobanura ko nubwo umutungo waguzwe ubaruye kuri Kabanda, ntibikuraho ko ari uwa Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens bityo bikaba bitatuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ahubwo ko hakosorwa ibyangombwa.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Cyamunara ikozwe ku mutungo utimukanwa utanditse ku uryozwa indishyi iteshwa agaciro; 2. Umwenda w’abashyingirwanwe bari basangiye umutungo, utandukanye n’ indishyi ziryozwa umwe mu bashyingiranwe ku giti cye, izo ndishyi ziryozwa uwazitsindiwe ubwe, ntabwo zaryozwa uwo batandukanye bagabanye imitungo. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111, 158, 260; Itegeko Nº27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, ingingo ya 8. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku kirego Mukandinda Agnes na Kabanda R. Donati baregeye urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro barusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yari yakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ikozwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko Me Kamanzi Emmanuel, avuga ko arangiza urubanza RPA 00013/2018/TGI/GSBO uwitwa Muhire Valens yatsinzwe, uyu akaba yari umugabo wa Mukandinda Agnes, muri urwo rubanza Bayingana Andrew yagobotse ku bushake nk’umuntu wari waguze uwo mutungo muri iyo cyamunara; [2] Urukiko rw’ibanze rwaciye urwo rubanza rwari rwanditse kuri RC 00047/2024/TB/KIC aho rwemeje ko ikirego cya Kabanda R. Donati na Mukandinda Agnes gifite ishingiro ndetse ko cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 31/08/2023 ku mutungo ugizwe n’inzu ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 iteshejwe agaciro bityo ibintu bikaba bikwiye gusubira uko byari bimeze mbere yiyo cyamunara kandi Urukiko rutegeka Me Kamanzi Emmanuel kwishyura Mukandinda Agnes indishyi zinyuranye zingana n’amafaranga 1,010,000Frw. [3] Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel na Bayingana Andrew bajuririye urwo rubanza mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ubujurire bwabo bwandikwa kuri RCA 00089/2024/TGI/Nyge na RCA 00091/2024/TGI/Nyge ariko izo manza zihurizwa hamwe, bajurira bavuga ko urukiko rw’ibanze rwatesheje agaciro cyamunara rushingiye ko itubahirije amategeko nyamara amategeko yarubahirijwe, bagasaba ko iyo cyamunara yagumaho Bayingana Andrew akagumana umutungo yaguze mu cyamunara yubahirije amategeko; [4] Mukandinda Agnes yireguye ku bujurire bwa Me Kamanzi Emmanuel n’ubwa Bayingana Andrew avuga ko cyamunara yagombaga gukurwaho kuko umutungo wagurishijwe ari uwa Kabanda R. Donati kuko habayemo ikosa maze umutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/07/10/3802 wanditswe kuri Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens ndetse n’uwa Muhire

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na Mukandinda Agnes ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/07/10/3801 wandikwa kuri Kabanda R. Donati kandi ko raporo y’iperereza (descente) ryakozwe n’Urukiko rw’ibanze rufashijwe n’upima ubutaka wagaragaje koko ko harimo ikosa maze herekanwa numero mu buryo bw’amafoto umutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati ndetse n’umutungo wa Mukandinda Agnes; [5] Kabanda R. Donati we avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite kuko cyamunara yagombaga gukurwaho kuko hari ibyo itubahirije cyane ko Urukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 31/08/2023 ku mutungo ugizwe n’inzu ibaruye kuri UPI : 1/03/10/01/3802 iteshejwe agaciro kubera ko urukiko rwari rumaze kubona ko haribyo itubahirije harimo nko kuba inzu iri mukibanza UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ari iya Kabanda R. Donati yagurishijwe kandi atariwe ugomba kuryozwa indishyi zemejwe mu rubanza nshinjabyaha rwarangizwaga n’umuhesha w’inkiko; [6] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwaciye urwo rubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Bayingana Andrew bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00047/2024/TB/KICU ihindutse, rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo wa Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens igumanye agaciro, urwo rukiko rushingira ko nubwo habayeho amakosa ku byerekeye numero z’umutungo ariko ko atakosorwa no gutesha agaciro cyamunara ahubwo ko yakosorwa buri wese agatunga icyangombwa gihuye n’ubutaka yaguze kuko kwitiranya bitari mu mitungo ahubwo biri mu byangombwa cyane ko hari n’ibaruwa yanditswe na Mukandinda Agnes ndetse na Kabanda R Donatii bose bemeranya ko habaye kwibeshya, ahubwo cyamunara ikaba igomba kugumana agaciro, Bayingana Andrew akegukana umutungo wubatswe na Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes uri muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 naho Kabanda R. Donati akagumana umutungo we yubatse uburuye muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ariko ibyangomba bikazakosorwa buri wese agatunga ibihura n’umutungo we; [7] Nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza Mukandinda Agnes yarujuririye mu rukiko rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko cyamunara igumana agaciro kayo rwirengagije amategeko, ibimenyetso bitandukanye hamwe n’urubanza rw’ubutane rwabaye itegeko rwemeje ko Mukandinda Agnes atamenyeshejwe ibijyanye na cyamunara, igakorerwa ku mutungo w’undi muntu ariwe Kabanda R. Donati ndetse no kuba umutungo wa Mukandinda Agnes utari ukwiye kugurishwa harangizwa urubanza Muhire Valens yatsinzwemo indishyi, no kuba urukiko rwisumbuye rwaremeye ko Bayingana Andrew yegukana umutungo wubatswe na Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes uri muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 nyamara atari wo yaguze mu cyamunara, agasaba ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwahinduka cyamunara igateshwa agaciro nkuko byari byemejwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze kandi akagenerwa indishyi; [8] Bayingana Andrew nawe wari watanze ikirego cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri cyari cyoherejwe mu rukiko (Submit to the court) gifite kuri PST RCAA 00091/2024/HC/Kig nawe anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririrwaga akaba yarasabaga ko rwahinduka, ariko bigeze kuwa 11/07/2024 mu gihe urukiko rutarakira ikirego cye ngo rucyandike gihabwe numero y’urubanza, yanditse asaba urukiko rukuru kwemeza ko aretse urubanza nkuko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 123 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, avuga ko impamvu yo kureka urubanza aruko asanga nta nyungu agifite zo kurukurikirana, ko icyatumye ajurira aruko yajuriye mbere kopi y'urubanza itarasohoka maze nyuma aho ibonekeye asanga nta mpamvu yo gukomeza ubujurire bwe yari yatanze, ikirego cye cy’ubujurire ntabwo cyigeze cyandikwa ngo gihabwe numero y’urubanza,

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akaba ntanicyo urukiko rukuru rwakivugaho niba rwemera uko kureka ikirego/urubanza kuko kitakiriwe ngo cyandikwe; [9] Abaregwa Me Kamanzi Emmanuel na Bayingana Andrew bireguye batanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Mukandinda Agnes kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’urukiko rukuru hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo 46 y’itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ikindi ko ajuririra bwa kabiri ikirego cy’imbonezamubano kiri mu bwoko bw’ibirego bitangwa kandi bikanaburanishwa mu buryo bumwe n’ibirego byihutirwa bitajuririrwa bwa kabiri, ikindi ko n’uwo yiyambazaga ko umutungo wagurishijwe ari uwa Kabanda R. Donati yaje gusaba urukiko ko yareka urubanza rwe rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri akaba nta nyungu agifite muri urwo rubanza, naho mu mizi y’urubanza biregura bavuga ko cyamunara yagumana agaciro kayo kubera ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwashingiye ku bimenyetso byemeza nta shiti ko yakozwe mu buryo no mu nzira zikurikije amategeko, bagasaba ko bagenerwa indishyi; [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 08/10/2024, Mukandinda Agnes aburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace afatanije na Me Irafasha Felix, Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel yunganirwa na Me Karemera Pierre Claver, Bayingana Andrew aburanirwa na Me Micomyiza Liliane naho Kabanda R. Donati aburanirwa na Me Mugisha Fred, icyo gihe urubanza ruraburanishwa kandi rurapfundikirwa rumenyesha ababuranyi ko isomwa ryarwo rishyizwe kuwa 31/10/2024 saa tanu (11h00) ariko bigeze ku tariki ya 23/10/2024 Me Micomyiza Liliane uburanira Bayingana Andrew ashyira muri dosiye y’uru rubanza inyandiko imenyesha umucamanza ko yamwihannye muri urwo rubanza, bigeze ku itariki y’isomwa ry’urubanza umucamanza yarindiye ko hafatwa icyemezo ku bwihane yakorewe; [11] Muri icyo cyemezo cyasomwe kuwa 31/10/2024, cy’urubanza rw’ubwihane aho Perezida w’urukiko yemeje kutakira ikirego cyo kwihana Umucamanza mu Rubanza RCAA 00016/2024/HC/KIG cyatanzwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane uhagarariye Bayingana Andrew, rutegeka ko Umucamanza wari usanganwe urubanza RCAA 00016/2024/HC/KIG arugumamo akaruca, uko gusuzuma ubwihane byatumye isomwa ry’urubanza ryimurirwa ku tariki ya 06/12/2024 saa cyenda n’igice; [12] Muri uru rubanza urukiko rukuru rurabanza gusuzuma ibyerekeye iyakirwa ry’ubujurire bwa kabiri niba buri mu bubasha bwarwo, kumenya niba hari ikosa urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze mu kwemeza ko cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/10/3802 ikurikije amategeko ko itagomba guteshwa agaciro, kumenya niba hari indishyi zagenwa muri uru rubanza; II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mukandinda Agnes butari mu bubasha bw’urukiko rukuru niba kandi budakwiriye kwakirwa; [13] Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel wunganirwa na Me Karemera Pierre Claver na Bayingana Andrew uburanirwa na Me Micomyiza Liliane batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Mukandinda Agnes bavuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 93 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko “Umuburanyi ubyukije inzitizi y’iburabubasha agomba

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kuyisobanura no kugaragaza urukiko avuga ko rufite ububasha bwo kumuburanisha hanyuma Urukiko rugafata icyemezo kubijyanye n’Ububasha bwarwo. Icyemezo gifatwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi cumi n’itanu (15)”, ko basanga Urukiko Rukuru nta bubasha rufite bwo kwakira ngo ruburanishe mu mizi ikirego cya Mukandinda Agnes ku bujurire bwa kabiri kubera impamvu zikurikira: ko ingingo ya 46 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, mu gace kayo ka 3, Mukandinda Agnes ashingiraho atanga ubujurire bwa kabiri ivuga ko iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (50.000.000Frw) kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa, ko aha umuntu yakwibaza icyaburanwe muri uru rubanza Mukandinda Agnes ajuririra ndetse akinibaza icyo ari kugenera agaciro muri uru rubanza, impamvu aruko yatanze ikirego asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe, ikindi kandi kigomba gusobanuka neza ni ukumenya ko nta mpaka zigeze zibaho mu nkiko zabanje kubirebana n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa kandi na none nta ndishyi zigera cyangwa zirenga miliyoni mirongo itanu (50,000,000Frw) y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda zigeze zitangwa, ikindi ntabwo byigeze biba ngombwa ko Urukiko rushyiraho umugenagaciro kuko basanga niyo ashyirwaho ntacyo byari guhindura ku miterere y’icyo Mukandinda Agnes yaregeraga, ibi ahubwo bakaba basanga bibaganisha mu kwibaza aho Umwanditsi Mukuru yaba yarahereye yandika iki kirego kuko bo basanga kitari mu bubasha bw’urukiko Rukuru; [14] Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel wunganirwa na Me Karemera Pierre Claver na Bayingana Andrew uburanirwa na Me Micomyiza Liliane bakomeza bavuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’Ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko ubujurire bw’ibyemezo byafashwe ku birego byihutirwa, bushyikirizwa urukiko rwisumbuyeho kandi ko bijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa, ko ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo barakomeza kwibaza aho Mukandinda Agnes ahera atanga ubujurire bwa kabiri ku kirego cy’imbonezamubano kiri mu bwoko bw’ibirego bitangwa kandi bikanaburanishwa mu buryo bumwe n’ibirego byihutirwa, bityo ko basaba Urukiko Rukuru kutakira ngo ruburanishe iki kirego ku bujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mukandinda Agnes; [15] Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace afatanije na Me Irafasha Felix biregura kuri izo nzitizi bavuga ko urukiko rukuru rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwabo bwa kabiri hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’urukiko rw’ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMAA 00061/2020/CA rwaburanywe hagati ya Sikubwabo na RDB aho urukiko rw’ubujurire rwemeje ko ikirego gisaba guhagarika cyangwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara gishobora kujuririrwa bwa kabiri iyo cyujuje ibisabwa kuko aba ari ikirego cyigenga kidashamikiye ku kindi kirego cy’iremezo ariko kikajuririrwa mu gihe cyateganirijwe byumwihariko bene ibi birego, ko bashingiye kandi ku kuba igenagaciro ry’umutungo uburanwa ari miliyoni mirongo inane (80.000.000Frw) zirenga ndetse n’inzu ubwayo mu cyamunara ikaba yaragurishijwe angana na miliyoni mirongo itanu (50.000.000Frw), ibi byose bishimangira ko uru rubanza ruri mu bubasha bw’urukiko rukuru k’ubujurire bwa kabiri hashingiye ku ngingo ya 46, igika cya 3 y’itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko; [16] Nyuma yo kwiregura kuri iyo nzitizi, Bayingana Andrew uburanirwa na Me Micomyiza Liliane yagize icyo abivugaho aho avuga ko basesenguye neza imiterere y’urubanza RCOMAA 00061/2020/CA ruvugwa na Mukandinda Agnes ujurira bwa kabiri ndetse akarugira n’urwitwazo rwamufasha kujurira bwa kabiri basanga nta sano na busa cyangwa namba rufitanye n’urubanza

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baburana rufite RCAA 00016/2024/HC/KIG kubera impamvu zikurikira: icya mbere urwo rubanza ruri mu manza z’Ubucuruzi, aho icyaburanwaga ari “Ugusaba Urukiko guhagarika burundu cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/13/03/115 kuko hatagaragajwe umwenda watumye ikorwa, icya kabiri nacyo gikomeye aruko ntaho bigeze batangamo inzitizi y’iburabubasha ku bijyanye no kutakira ikirego cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri kubera ko icyaburanwe ubwacyo kigaragaza ko umwihariko wacyo kuko ari Umwenda w’ubucuruzi yewe unarengeje 50,000,000Frw nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 46 agace ka 3 y’itegeko rigena ububasha, icya gatatu aruko nta nzitizi y’iburabubasha yigeze itangwa ngo rube ari urubanza koko rwatanga umurongo ku manza zose zisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yemeza ko zose zishobora kujuririrwa inshuro ebyiri, ikindi aruko mu rubanza rujuririrwa ubu kuva rwatangira mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro nta na hamwe mu bimenyetso byifashishijwe higeze hagaragaramo icyitwa Expertise dore ko no muri uru rubanza ntaho ayigaragaza, aruko na Mukandinda Agnes ubwe azi neza ko nta gaciro k’ikiburanwa cyigeze kagibwaho impaka n’impande zombi, keretse niba ashaka kubwira Urukiko ko ari ingingo nshya yabonye yamufasha mu Rukiko Rukuru, ariko nabyo ko ataribyo kuko yari kubiregera mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye avuga ko arusubirishamo ingingo nshya ntabwo ari mu Rukiko Rukuru mu kirego cy’Ubujurire bwa kabiri, mu gusoza bagasaba Urukiko Rukuru rutakira ngo runasuzume mu mizi ikirego cya Mukandinda Agnes kuko rudafite ububasha; Uko Urukiko Rukuru rubibona [17] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara cyabanje kuregerwa urukiko rw’ibanze rukajuririrwa mu rukiko rwisumbuye, gikwiye kwakirwa mu bujurire bwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru; [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko abaregwa muri uru rubanza batanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mukandinda Agnes ngo kubera ko urwo rubanza rujuririrwa rwaburanwamo ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kandi ari ikirego cyihutirwa kitajuririrwa kabiri nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ariko uru rukiko rusanga ibi nta shingiro bifite kuko ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ari ikirego cy’iremezo, ko atari ikirego cyihutirwa gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo, uyu akaba ariwo murongo wemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire aho rwemeje ko bene ibi birego bifite umwihariko wabyo ko ari ukuba biburansihwa mu bihe nk’iby’ibirego byihutirwa, kandi ko bishobora kujuririrwa bwa kabiri, iyo ibisabwa ngo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwemerwe byuzuye, uwo murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza RCOMAA 00044/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19 Gashyantare 2020 haburana Cayrier Clément Jean-Marie na Letshego Rwanda Plc, mu gika cyarwo cya 17, n’urubanza RCOMAA 00030/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 31 Kanama 2020 haburana Bank of Kigali Plc na Ntaganda Joseph, mu gika cyarwo cya 17, n’izindi manza; [19] Uru rukiko rusanga umurongo watanzwe muri izo manza zose zihuriyeho aruko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwemewe ku birego bisaba guhagarika cyangwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara mu gihe bitanzwe mu bihe biteganyirijwe ibirego byihutirwa, uwo murongo w’urukiko rw’ubujurire izo manza zihuriyeho zibivuga muri iyi nteruro ziti “Nubwo ikirego gisaba guhagarika cyangwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara kiburanishwa mu bihe byashyiriweho ibirego byihutirwa nta kibuza ko gikorerwa ubujurire bwa kabiri kuko aba ari ikirego cyigenga cyangwa cyihagije kidashamikiye

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ku kindi kirego cy’iremezo”, bityo ibivugwa n’abaregwa ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budakwiye kwakirwa ku birego bisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko ari ibirego bitajuririrwa bwa kabiri nta shingiro bifite, ahubwo ko uru rukiko rwasuzuma niba ibisabwa kugira ngo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakire byaba byuzuye muri uru rubanza; [20] Uru rukiko rusanga Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel na Bayingana Andrew bashingiye ku ngingo ya 46 igika cya 2 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, batanze inzitizi isaba ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Mukandinda Agnes butakwakirwa ngo busumwe ku mpanzu zo kuba uwajuriye nubwo agaragaza mu bujurire expertise ariko ko nta mpaka zigeze zibaho mu nkiko zabanje kubirebana n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa na none ko nta ndishyi zigera cyangwa zirenga miliyoni mirongo itanu (50,000,000Frw) y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda zigeze zitangwa, ikindi ntabwo byigeze biba ngombwa ko Urukiko rushyiraho umugenagaciro kuko basanga niyo ashyirwaho ntacyo byari guhindura ku miterere y’icyo Mukandinda Agnes yaregeraga, akaba ariyo mpamvu basaba ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Mukandinda Agnes butakirwa; [21] Mukandinda Agnes we ajurira ku ngingo ya 46 y’itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, bagashingira ku gace ka 6, uru rukiko rukaba rusanga iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Urukiko Rukuru ruburanisha kandi imanza z’imbonezamubano zajuririwe, zaciwe mu rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, mu gihe izo manza: ……6° zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (50.000.000 Frw) cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (50.000.000 Frw); [22] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu kuburana urubanza RC 00047/2024/TB/Kicu Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel ubwe yagaragaje igenagaciro ry’umutungo yateje cyamunara aho yashyize muri dosiye ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 80.892.000Frw akaba ari nako gaciro yashyikirije Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes nkuko inyandiko yabandikiye yashyize muri dosiye y’imanza zabanjirije uru (TB Kicukiro) kuwa 07/02/2024 ko umutungo wabo yashakaga guteza cyamunara ufite ako gaciro; [23] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Me Kamanzi Emmanuel ariwe wagaragaje agaciro k’umutungo utezwa cyamunara iburanwa muri uru rubanza ko uwo mutungo watezwaga cyamunara uri mu kibanza nº UPI: 1/03/10/01/63802 akemeza ko agaciro kawo karenze avugwa n’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, rwanasuzuma n’igenagaciro ryatanzwe na Mukandinda Agnes muri uru rubanza bigaragara ko agaciro ka 50.000.000Frw ku mutungo watejwe cyamunara na Me Kamanzi Emmanuel ukagurwa na Bayingana Andrew nawe wishyuye angana na 50.000.000Frw, rusanga aka gaciro utanga inzitizi ubwe yitangiye mu nkiko ariko gaciro Urukiko rugomba gushingiraho rusuzuma ububasha bwarwo muri uru rubanza akaba nta mpamvu urukiko rukuru rudakwiye gusuzuma ubujurire bwa kabiri kuko ruri mu bubasha bwarwo hashingiwe ko agaciro k’ikiburanwa kandi cyemerewe kujuririrwa bwa kabiri iyo cyujuje ibisabwa nkuko umurongo wavuzwe haruguru ubyemeza, kandi ako gaciro kakaba karagaragajwe nkuko bimaze gusobanurwa kandi n’itegeko riha ububasha urukiko rukuru rikaba ryemeza ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa mu gihe ikiburanwa gifite agaciro kangana cyangwa karenze 50.000.000Frw; Kumenya niba hari ikosa urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze mu kwemeza ko cyamunara yabaye ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/10/3802 ikurikije amategeko ko itagomba guteshwa agaciro;

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[24] Mu mpamvu z’ubujurire za Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace avuga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo wa Mukandinda Agnes igumana agaciro kayo rwirengagije amategeko, ibimenyetso bitandukanye hamwe n’urubanza rwabaye itegeko, ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko Mukandinda Agnes atamenyeshejwe ibijyanye na cyamunara, igakorerwa ku mutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati ndetse no kuba umutungo wa Mukandinda Agnes utari ukwiye kugurishwa harangizwa urubanza Muhire Valens yatsinzwemo indishyi rutamureba; [25] Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace asobanura izo mpamvu z’ubujurire bwe avuga ko yagaragarije urukiko ko cyamunara yakozwe hatubahirijwe amategeko agenga itangazwa rya cyamunara no kumenyesha igenagaciro ariko iyi ngingo ntabwo yasuzumwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye bityo akaba asaba ko isuzumwa n’urukiko rukuru, ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 218, 34, 249, 252 n’ingingo ya 253 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018/ ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ziteganya imihango itandukanye igomba kubahirizwa n’umuhesha w’inkiko, harimo kumenyesha amatangazo ya cyamunara nyiri umutungo ugiye kugurishwa, kumenyesha igenagaciro, no kuyatangaza nkuko izo ngingo zibiteganya, ariko ibi byose biteganywa n’izi ngingo ko Umuhesha w’inkiko atigeze abyubahiriza, ko atigeze amenyesha amatangazo ndetse byemeza n’urukiko mu rubanza RCA 00245/2023/TGI/NYGE rwabaye itegeko (authorité de la chose juge) aho urukiko rwemeje ko rwemeza ko inyandiko imenyesha cyamunara Urukiko rw’ibanze rwari rwavuze ko yashyikirijwe Mutesi Agnès, umukozi wa Mukandinda Agnès ndetse n’ibaruwa Umuhesha w’inkiko Kamanzi Emmanuel yandikiwe na Mukandinda Agnès amusaba guhagarika cyamunara bitafatwa nk’ibimenyetso bigaragaza nta shiti ko Mukandinda Agnès yamenye umunsi wa cyamunara, kuko avuga ko uwo mukozi Mutesi Agnès atamufite mu bakozi be, ko atanatuye aho ku kabari bavuga ko yaherewe iryo menyesha, kandi ibyo avuga hakaba nta kibivuguruza, rwemeza kandi ko kuba Mukandinda Agnès yarandikiye Umuhesha w’inkiko Kamanzi Emmanuel ku wa 16/8/2023, amubwira ko yahagarika cyamunara kuko umutungo ashaka kurangirizaho urubanza ari uwe yatsindiye mu rubanza RC 00274/2020/TB/KICU, we akavuga ko yayanditse ahereye ku makuru yari yamenye, iyo nyandiko nayo itagaragaza ko yamenye umunsi wa cyamunara ku buryo yaherwaho hemezwa ko umunsi wa cyamunara yari awuzi, cyane ko Umuhesha w’inkiko Kamanzi Emmanuel atigeze amusubiza, naho Umukuru w’Urugaga rw’Abahesha b’inkiko yari yamenyesheje we akaba yaramusubije ku wa 27/9/2023 amubwira ko cyamunara yamaze kuba, ko ibi basobanuye byirengagijwe n’urukiko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze maze rwemeza ko Mukandinda Agnes yamenyesheje ngo kuko rwashyizwe aho akorera nyamara adakorera mu kabari I Kamashashi mu murenge wa Nyarugunga kuko akorera muri Conseil Episcopale du Rwanda, agataha mu murenge wa Ndera nkuko yabigaragaje, ikindi kandi yanasobanuriye urukiko ko uwo mukozi witwa Mutesi Agnes atamuzi, ubwo rero kuba urukiko rwirengagije ibyo byose hamwe n’icyemezo bavuze haruguru, basanga ari inenge bifuza ko ikosorwa n’urukiko rukuru maze rukemeza ko kuba Mukandinda Agnes ataramenyeshejwe cyamunara, ntamenyeshwe igenagaciro nabyo ari impamvu ituma cyamunara yabaye iteshwa agaciro; [26] Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace akomeza avuga ko nkuko byasobanuwe mu manza zabanje bigamishangirwa n’igenagaciro ryatanzwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko Me Kamanzi Emmanuel ryerekana umutungo yagurishije uko uteye n’agaciro kawo, ndetse igenagaciro ry’umutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati, no kuba Kabanda R. Donati yarashyikirijwe ibaruwa imusaba kuva mu nzu ye, raporo y’iperereza (descente) yakozwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze

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rwa Kicukiro, ko umutungo Bayingana Andrew yaguze mu cyamunara ari inzu ya Kabanda R. Donati, yubatse kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 nubwo habaye ikosa mu kwandikisha ubutaka maze bukandikwa kuri Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens ko uwo mutungo yaguze rero nyuma y’uko urukiko rusanze utari uwa Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes, rwagombaga gufata icyemezo cyo gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara kuko yakorewe ku mutungo w’utari uw’uwugomba kwishyura nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ndetse byari byanemejwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze rwa kicukiro kuko icyagurishijwe ari umutungo utimukanwa uri kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ugizwe n’inzu imwe nkuko biri muri expertise ndetse ukaba utandukanye n’umutungo uri muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 urimo inzu ebyiri; [27] Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace akomeza avuga kuba rero urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwarirengagije ibyo byose maze rukanzura ko icyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati itateshwa agaciro ko ahubwo Bayingana Andrew akwiye kwegukana umutungo wubatswe na Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes uri muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 naho Kabanda R. Donati akagumana umutungo we wubatse uburuye muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ariko ibyangomba bikazakosorwa buri wese agatunga ibihura n’umutungo we, ko basanga iyi ari inenge ikomeye iri muri uru rubanza kuko urukiko rwisumbuye nyuma yo kubona ko koko habaye amakosa hakagurishwa umutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati nkuko biri kuri expertise, icyo rwagombaga gukora ari ukuyitesha agaciro kuko aricyo gisubizo (remedes) cyonyine itegeko riha urukiko mu bibazo nk’ibi, ko kuvuga ko hakosorwa ibyangombwa ari uko narwo rwari rumaze kubona ko umutungo wagurishijwe atari uw’uwishyuzwaga ariko rwica amategeko ntirwatesha agaciro iyo cyamunara; [28] Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace akomeza avuga ikindi kandi kuba urukiko rwisumbuye rwarategetse ko Bayingana Andrew yegukana umutungo ubaruye kuri 1/03/10/01/3801 kandi atariwo yaguze, ubwo harebwe inkomoko, byafatwa nk’aho yawegukanye binyuze mu cyamunara kandi uwo mutungo utarigeze ugurishwa mu cyamunara, bakibaza niba Bayingana Andrew aho yaguze UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ha Kabanda R. Donati harimo inzu imwe, ubwo yahabwa UPI : 1/03/10/01/3801 irimo inzu ebyiri, ndetse mu nzira bamaze gusobanura ntihabe habayemo kwikungahaza nta mpamvu kandi bibangamiye Mukandinda Agnes; Mukandinda Agnes uburanirwa na Me Uwamahoro Marie Grace akomeza avuga bashingiye kuri ibi bisobanuro batanze, ko basaba urukiko rukuru gukuraho icyemezo cyafashwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye kuko kinyuranyije n’amategeko kuko ubwarwo rwabonye ko umutungo wagurishijwe ari ubaruye kuri UPI : 1/03/10/01/3802 wa Kabanda R. Donati aho gutesha agaciro icyamunara kuko yakozwe ku mutungo utari uw’uwishyuzwa, maze rwemeza ko hakosorwa amakosa, ko ibi byaba bibaye guha Bayingana Andrew umutungo atigeze agura mu cyamunara, ko kubw’ibyo ko basaba urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802; [29] Bayingana Andrew uburanirwa na Me Micomyiza Liliane yiregura avuga ko mu gika cya 11 no mu gika cya 13 urukiko rwisumbuye rwabisobanuye neza cyane ko aho rwagaragaje ko umutungo wahoze ari uwa Uwimana Jacques na Umugwaneza Dancilla mu gihe bakoreraga mutation Kabanda R. Donati n'umugore we kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 aho kuba 1/03/10/01/3802 bagatangira kubaka mu kibanza baguze aricyo UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 kuko bari bazi neza cyane aho ubutaka baguze buherereye, ko Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire bakorewe mutation ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 kandi baraguze UPI 1/03/10/01/3801 bagatangira

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kuwubakamo, kuko nabo bari bazi aho ubutaka bwabo buherereye, bakamenyako habayeho kwibeshya bakandikwa ku bibanza bataguze ariko aho batuye akaba ari ahabo ari naho hatejwe cyamunara, ko Umucamanza rero amaze kubisuzuma yasanze ntaho bihuriye n'ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 260 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ko gusa hakosora ibyangombwa kuko imitungo yo ntawe ubijyamo impaka, rwemeza ko Bayingana Andrew agomba kugumana uwe yaguze muri cyamunara wubatswe na Muhire Valens; [30] Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel nawe yiregura kuri izo mpamvu z’ubujurire za Mukandinda Agnes avuga ko kuwa 04/05/2018 habaye urubanza RP/ECON 00011/2017/TB/NYGA, Ntama Eugene aregera indishyi, urukiko rutegeka Muhire Valens kumwishyra ahwanye na 8.025.000Frw ndetse no kwishyura ihazabu ihwanye na 35.000.000Frw n’igifungo cy’imyaka, Muhire Valens ntiyishimiye iyi mikirize ajuririra mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa nyarugenge, rwemeza ko ntagihindutse mu rubanza rwajuririwe ruregeka ko hiyongereraho ahwanye na 250.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka k’uwaregeraga indishyi; [31] Huissier Me Kamanzi Emmanuel akomeza avuga ko abisabwe na Ntama Eugene yatangiye kurangiza izo manza nk’umuhesha w’Inkiko w’Umwuga Gahirwa Emmanuel, ariko ntiyashobora kuzirangiza akaba aribwo Ntama Eugene yamusabye ko ariwe wakomeza kurangiza izo manza aribwo yakomereje aho zari zigeze, kugeza kuri cyamunara yo kuwa 31/08/2023 ubwo umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 waguzwe muri cyamunara mu buryo bw’ikorabuhanga, cyamunara ikaba yarakurikije amategeko kubera ko imihango iteganywa n’amategeko yubahirijwe, nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso, ko nyuma ya cyamunara yo kuwa 31/08/2023 Mukandinda Agnes yareze asaba urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara, ariko arega arengeje ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko nkuko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 260 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi bityo urukiko mu rubanza RC 00780/2023/TB/KICU rutegeka ko ikirego cye kitakirwa, ko nyuma Mukandinda Agnes yatanze ikirego cy’ubujurire mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza RCA 00254/2023/TGI/NYGE urukiko narwo rwemeza ko ikirego cye cyagombaga gusuzumwa n’urukiko rw’ibanze rwa kicukiro, rufata icyemezo ko rusubiza kuburanishirizwa mu rukiko rw’ibanze rwa Kicukiro, ariko mu gihe uru rubanza rwaburanishwagwa uwitwa Kabanda R. Donati nawe yagobotse muri urwo rubanza akaba aribwo yasabye ko cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo waburanwaga iteshwa agaciro, imanza zombi zirahuzwa, urukiko rw’ibanze rwemeza ko cyamunara iteshejwe agaciro, nyuma yaho Mukandinda Agnes yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu rukiko rukuru, uregwa akaba asanga ubujurire bwe butakwakirwa ngo buhabwe ishingiro, kubera ko nkuko urukiko rw’ibanze mu rubanza RC 00780/2023/TB/KIC rwari rwabyemeje ikirego cye kitagomba kwakirwa kubera ko yareze impitagihe hakurikije igihe yabereye kandi no mu rubanza RCA 00089/2024/TGI/NYGE urukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara ku mutungo uburanwa igumanye agaciro kayo, ko Kabanda R. Donati wavugaga ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara ari uwe, ariko akaba yaretse urubanza mu bujurire avuga ko nta nyungu arufitemo kandi na Mukandinda Agnes mu rubanza rwajurriwe RCA 00089/2024/TGI/NYGE yavugaga ko umutungo wagurishijwe muri cyamunara atari uwe ahubwo ari uwa Kabanda R. Donati, akaba asanga nabyo byaba impamvu yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwe; Uko Urukiko Rukuru rubibona

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[32] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko mu rubanza Nº RC 00047/2024TB/Kicu urukiko rw’ibanze rwaciye urwo rubanza rwasobanuye mu gika 31 ko rushingiye kuri raporo y’iperereza yo kuwa 19/03/2024 yakorewe mu biro by’ubutaka mu Karere, ko nubwo byagaragaye ko kwandikisha ubutaka habayeho kwibeshya buri wese (Kabanda R. Donati na Muhire) bakaba batuye ku butaka bunyuranye n’ubwo buri wese yaguze, rushingira kandi ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 igika cya 1 agace ka 3 n’igika cya 2 y’ itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu ashobora gusaba Urukiko rw'Ibanze rw'aho cyamunara igomba kubera kuyihagarika iyo: 3° hari ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko umutungo ugiye kugurishwa atari uw'uryozwa kwishyura….. Izi mpamvu ni nazo zishingirwaho mu kirego gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe,”, urwo rukiko rwemeza ko rufite ububasha bwo gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe iyo umutungo wagurishijwe utari uw’uwagombaga kwishyura, ruvuga kandi ko ruhuje iyo ngingo no kuba rwarasanze umutungo UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 utari uwa Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes nkuko rwabisobanuye haruguru, rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 kuwa 31/08/2023 iteshejwe agaciro ibintu bikaba bikwiye gusubira uko byari bimeze mbere yiyo cyamunara; [33] Uru rukiko rusanga mu bujurire bw’urwo rubanza mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwo mu gika cyarwo cya 12 rwasobanuye ibi bikurikira: “Urukiko rurasanga iyo mpamvu yashingiweho cyamunara iteshwa agaciro (aha baravuga impamvu urukiko rwibanze rwashingiyeho) nta shingiro ifite kuko ntaho iteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 260, yavuzwe haruguru kuko ababuranyi bose bemera ko hari umutungo ubaruye kuri Kabanda R. Donati na Umutesi Regina ndetse n’umutungo ubaruye kuri Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes kandi buri wese akaba azi imitungo yashyize mu butaka yaguze na Uwimana Jacques na Umugwaneza Dancile, bityo kuba iyo mitungo mu gihe cyo kubaka harabayemo ikibazo buri wese akubaka mu kibanza kibaruye k’uwundi muntu ntibyaba impamvu ituma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ahubwo ayo makosa yakosorwa buri wese agatunga icyangombwa gihuye n’ubutaka yaguze kuko kwitiranya bitari mu mitungo ahubwo biri mu byangombwa cyane ko hari n’ibaruwa yanditswe na Mukandinda Agnes ndetse na Kabanda R. Donatii bose bemeranya ko habaye kwibeshya. Kubw’ibyo bikaba bitafatwa ko cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati kuburyo yateshwa agaciro kuko yakorewe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 wanditswe kuri Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes ahubwo cyamunara ikaba igomba kugumana agaciro, Bayingana Andrew akegukana umutungo wubatswe na Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes uri muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 naho Kabanda R. Donati akagumana umutungo we yubatse uburuye muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ariko ibyangomba bikazakosorwa buri wese agatunga ibihura n’umutungo we”; [34] Uru rukiko rusanga ibyashingiweho n’urukiko rwisumbuye ruvuguruza ibyashingiweho n’urukiko rwibanze ubwarwo rwarivuguruje muri icyo gika kimaze kuvugwa, aho uru rukiko rusanga ingingo ya 260 y’itegeko no 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, urukiko rwibanze rwari rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara atari uw’uryozwa indishyi zatumaga hatezwa cyamunara, kandi ko rusanga ibiteganywa n’agace 3 kiyo ngingo, aho kavuga kati “3º Hari ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko umutungo ugiye kugurishwa atari uw'uryozwa kwishyura”, rukaba rusanga kandi urukiko rwisumbuye narwo muri icyo gika cyavuzwe haruguru rwemeza ruti “kuba iyo mitungo mu gihe cyo kubaka harabayemo ikibazo buri wese akubaka mu kibanza kibaruye k’uwundi muntu ntibyaba impamvu ituma cyamunara iteshwa

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agaciro”, byumvikana ko n’urukiko rwisumbuye nubwo rwatesheje agaciro ibyari byemejwe n’urukiko rwibanze ariko narwo rwemeza ko umutungo wubatse ku butaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 atari umutungo wa Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire ahubwo ari uwa Kabanda R. Donati na Umutesi nyamara aba akaba ataribo baryozwaga iby’urubanza RP/Econ 00011/2017/TB/Nyga n’urubanza RPA 00013/2018/TGI/Gsbo umuhesha w’inkiko yashingiragaho ateza cyamunara umutungo wa Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes, bityo akaba ari ikigaragaza ko ibyari byemejwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze rwagaragaje ko habayeho kwibeshya ku mutungo watejwe cyamunara arirwo rwakurikije ukuri uko imitungo iteye n’uko buri wese yibeshye akubaka ku butaka bw’undi, naho ibyavuzwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye ko ibyashingiweho n’urukiko rwibanze by’uko umutungo utezwa cyamunara ari uwabategetswe kwishyura indishyi nta shingiro byahabwa cyane ko rwakomeje rwemeza ko umutungo wagombaga gutezwa cyamunara uhabwa uwegukanye cyamunara nyamara atariwo we yaguze; [35] Ku byerekeye kuba urukiko rwisumbuye rwaremeje mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa ko nta mpamvu yatuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ahubwo amakosa (narwo rwabonye) yakosorwa buri wese agatunga icyangombwa gihuye n’ubutaka yaguze kuko kwitiranya bitari mu mitungo ahubwo biri mu byangombwa, rukanashingira ko hari n’ibaruwa yanditswe na Mukandinda Agnes ndetse na Kabanda R. Donati bose bemeranya ko habaye kwibeshya, nyamara urwo rukiko rukaba rutarashishoje ngo rusuzume neza ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara wabanje gukorerwa imihango igenewe cyamunara iteganywa n’amategeko harimo n’igenagaciro kandi igakorerwa kuri UPI itandukanye n’iyagakwiye gutezwa cyamunara, kwemeza ko buri wese yagurana agafata umutungo wanditse kuri UPI y’undi ko kwaba ari ukwemeza ko n’umutungo wa Kabanda R. Donati ushyirwa mu byishyuzwa Muhire kandi ntaho ahuriye indishyi zatumaga hatezwa cyamunara, ko kwemeza kandi ko UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 ihabwa uwegukanye cyamunara ariko iyi numero akaba atariyo yakorewe imihango ya cyamunara akaba nta nimpamvu urukiko rwisumbuye rwagombaga kwemeza ko ari iyo numero ihabwa uwatsindiye cyamunara, ko kubyemeza utwa ari ikigaragaza ko urukiko arirwo rwakoze imihango ya cyamunara kandi atari mu nshingano zarwo ko rwo rushinzwe guca imanza imihango cya cyamunara ku mutungo wanditse kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 utanarebwa n’urubanza rwarangizwaga na Me Kamanzi Emmanuel; [36] Uru rukiko rusanga mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, urukiko rwisumbuye kandi rwemeje ko cyamunara idakwiye guteshwa agaciro ahubwo rwemeza ko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 wanditswe kuri Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes ahubwo ko Bayingana Andrew akegukana umutungo wubatswe na Muhire Valens na Mukandinda Agnes uri muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 naho Kabanda R. Donati akagumana umutungo we yubatse uburuye muri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ariko ibyangomba bikazakosorwa buri wese agatunga ibihura n’umutungo we, nyamara uru rukiko rwasuzuma ibyerekeye amatangazo ndetse n’igenagaciro byakozwe mbere y’igurishwa ry’umutungo mu cyamunara ndetse na raporo ya cyamunara, rusanga byarakorewe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 kandi mu byukuri nkuko Kabanda R. Donati ndetse na Mukandinda Agnes babyemeza ndetse n’abaregwa Me Kamanzi Emmanuel n’uwaguze ntabwo umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 wigeze utangazwa cyangwa ngo ushyirwa mu bigomba gutezwa cyamunara, kuba umucamanza yaremeje ko Bayingana Andrew waguze uwo mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 nyuma kandi buri wese agakosora ibyangombwa, ko uwapiganwe ubwe yapiganiye kandi yarahawe amatangazo ya cyamunara akanasura inzu yubatse azi ko iri ku butaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 ko adakwiye guhabwa undi mutungo atapiganiye cyangwa ngo atsindire, ikindi rusanga igenagaciro

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rya buri mutungo rinyuranye n’undi mutungo aho umutungo wa Muhire na Mukandinda wakorewe igenagaciro ko ufite ahwanye na 80.982.000Frw naho umutungo wa Kabanda ukaba ufite agaciro kangana na 69.882.980Frw akaba ari naho rusanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwibeshye rukemeza ko cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 igumaho ariko hagahinduranywa ibyerekeye ibyangombwa by’iyo mitungo, bigaragara ko umuhesha w’inkiko wari wamenyeshejwe ko habayeho amakosa mu kwandukura buriwese umutungo we, ko atagombaga kwemeza ko uwo mutungo utezwa cyamunara kandi abona neza ko hari ikinyuranyo ku byangombwa by’imitungo ashaka guteza cyamunara, ko n’uwegukanye umutungo adakwiye guhabwa umutungo atapiganiye cyangwa yaguze wanditse kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3801 atazi aho ikomoka na nyirayo atamuzi ntanicyo akwiye kubazwa kuko ntaho ahuriye n’urubanza rwatumaga hatezwa cyamunara; [37] Uru rukiko rusanga mu kuburana kwa Me Kamanzi Emmanuel yemera ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 yamenyeshejwe na Mukandinda Agnes ko hari urubanza rw’ubutane rwe na Muhire rufite RC 00274/2020/TB/Kicu rwaciwe kuwa 14/01/2022 aho Mukandinda Agnes yandikiye Umuhesha w’inkiko kuwa 16/08/2023 mbere y’uko cyamunara iba tariki ya 31/08/2023, amubwira ko iyo nzu yayihawe n’urukiko mu igabanamutungo, ariko mu kuburana kwa Me Kamanzi Emmanuel akavuga ko yafashe umutungo wanditse kuri Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes kuko Mukandinda yabaga atarawiyandikaho ubwe, ariko kandi urukiko rwisumbuye mu guca urubanza mu gika cya 14 rwemeza ko rusanga Mukandinda Agnes atakwitwaza ko umutungo yawuhawe n’urubanza rw’ubutane ngo nturangirizweho urubanza mu gihe Urubanza rurangizwa rwabaye akibana nk’umugabo n’umugore na Muhire basezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, ko kuba umutungo wari ubanditseho bombi ko nta mpamvu utagurishwa hisnhyurwa umwenda wishyuzwaga Muhire, ibi ni nako byari byemejwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze narwo rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 8 agace ka 4 na 5 itegeko Nº27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura ivuga ko “Ababerewemo umwenda bafite uburenganzira bwo gusaba kwishyurwa imyenda yafashwe n’abashyingiranywe mbere yo gusesa uburyo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. Iyo uburyo bw’ivangamutungo rusange busheshwe hari ababerewemo umwenda batashoboye kumenya iby’iryo hinduka ngo babashe gusaba ko bishyurwa mbere, bashobora guhitamo gukurikirana umwe cyangwa undi cyangwa bose mu bari baravanze umutungo ku mwenda wose”; [38] Urukiko rukuru rwo rusanga mugusesengura iyo ngingo yashingiweho n’inkiko zombie zarubanjirije ariyo ya 8 y’itegeko rimaze kuvuga, izo nkiko zombie zirengagije ko umwenda uvugwa muri iyo ngingo ari uwafashwe n’abashyingiranywe, ikindi ko muri uko gutana kwa Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes ntabwo Muhire yigeze ahingutsa ibyerekeye indishyi yaciwe mu manza nshinjabyaha, ko ari ikigaragariza uru rukiko ko Muhire utaragaragaje iby’izo ndishyi ko yarazi neza ko uwo atari umwenda yafashe ngo witirirwe abashyingiranwe, ahubwo ukomoka ku cyaha yakoze ubwe cyo gutanga cheque itazigamiwe akaba ariwe ukwiye kwirengera izi ndishyi zitiranyijwe n’umwenda w’urugo muri izo nkiko, cyane ko no muri urwo rubanza rw’ubutane company yitwa MB Trading Company Ltd Muhire yarahagarariye atanga cheque ntaho yigeze ivugwa mu manza z’ubutane, kuba mu rubanza rw’ubutane Muhire hari ibyo yagabanye n’uwari umugore we ntabwo indishyi yaciwe mu manza z’inshinjabyaha ku cyaha yakoze ubwe cyakwitirirwa uwo batandukanye wahawe umutungo mu rubanza rw’ubutane kandi umuhesha w’inkiko yamenyeshejwe ko uwo mutungo agiye guteza cyamunara wahawe uwahoze ari umugore wa Muhire usabwa kwishyura indishyi itandukanye n’indishyi umugabo yatsindiwe mbere yuko batandukana;

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[39] Uru rukiko rusanga kandi Me Kamanzi Emmanuel wamenyeshejwe ko umutungo yashakaga guteza cyamunara ari uwa Mukandinda Agnes kuko yawuhawe mu rubanza rw’ubutane ariko Urukiko rwisumbuye rukemeza ko imanza z’ubutane zitagombaga gushingirwaho ngo bitume cyamunara idakorwa kubera ko umutungo ucyanditse kuri Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes kandi ko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange kandi ko icyarangizwaga ari umwenda, ibi urukiko rwisumbuye rwashingiyeho bikaba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko urukiko rukuru rwo rusanga harirengagijwe ibyemejwe muri urwo rubanza rw’ubutane RC 00274/2020/TB/Kicu aho mu gika cyarwo cya 5 urukiko rw’ibanze rwavuze ku mitungo ko Muhire na Mukandinda Agnes bafite umutungo urimo inzu batuyemo ubaruwe kuri UPI : 1/03/10/01/3802 iherereye Kamashashi Nyarugunga, Kicukiro, n'ubutaka bubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/07/04/03/753, UPI: 5/07/04/03/750, UPI: 5/07/04/03/3246, UPI:2/05/07/01/1451, UPI: 1/03/02/04/3383, imodoka 2 zifite plaque RAB 87łW na RAB 567 Y iyi ifite agaciro ka miliyoni icumi, indi modoka nta expertise bayikoreye, bakaba bafite n'ideni rya banki y’amafarangana angana na miliyoni 22.479.455Frw, urwo rukiko rwagera ku gika 8 rugategeka ko Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire Valens bagabana imitungo bashakanye mu buryo bungana, Mukandinda Agnes agahabwa inzu bafite, akazanishyura we n'ideni ringana na miliyoni 22.479.455Frw bafitiye banki naho Muhire Valens agahabwa ibibanza 5, byavuzwe haruguru bafite, n'imodoka ebyiri, rukaba rusanga Me Kamanzi Emmanuel wamenyeshejwe urwo rubanza rw’ubutane mbere ya cyamunara nkuko nawe abyemera mu kuburana kwe yaragombaga kubanza gusesengura ko ubwo butane bwamaze kuba itegeko ko inzu itakiri iya Muhire nubwo yaba ikimwanditseho kuko yahawe Mukandinda Agnes muri urwo rubanza rwabatanyaga, ikindi uru rukiko rusanga Me Kamanze yarirengagije ko indishyi Muhire yishyuzwaga atari umwenda w’urugo nkuko urukiko rwisumbuye rwabyitiranyije, kuko iyo izo ndishyi ziza kuba umwenda w’urugo, Muhire ubwe yari kuwuvuga ugashyirwa mu rubanza rw’ubutane ariko kuba atarabikoze ngo awuvuge nawo ugabanwe nkuko abari barashakanye bagaragaje umwenda wa banki ungana na 22.479.455Frw ko aruko yarazi neza ko izo ndishyi atari umwenda yafashe kubwo gutungo urugo ahubwo ari indishyi yaciwe kubera icyaha yakoze ubwe, rukaba rusanga kuba Me Kamanzi Emmanuel yarashyikirijwe urwo rubanza rw’ubutane rugaragaza indi mitungo yahawe Muhire irimo ibibanza bitanu (5) ndetse n’imodoka ebyiri (2), nta mpamvu umuhesha w’inkiko atari gushakisha iyo mitungo yahawe Muhire mbere yo kwiyambaza inzu yahawe Mukandika mu butane kandi uyu atariwe wakoze icyaha yaryozwaga izo ndishyi, rukaba rusanga iyi nayo yaragombaga kuba impamvu yo kudateza cyamunara inzu ya Mukandinda Agnes yaherejweho mu manza z’ubutane hishyuzwa indishyi zikomoka ku cyaha cyakozwe n’uwahoze ari umugabo we, cyane ko indishyi zarangizwaga zingana na 8.025.000Frw umuhesha w’inkiko atagaragaza ko zitangombaga kuva muri iyo mitungo yahererejwe kuri Muhire Valens; [40] Urukiko Rukuru rusanga urukiko rw’ibanze rwatesheje agaciro cyamunara kuko rwasanze ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara harabayeho amakosa ukaba atari uw’uwishyuzwa, kandi uru rukiko rukaba rusanga nubwo habayeho amakosa ariko n’umutungo uvugwa wanditswe kuri Mukandinda Agnes na Muhire wari warahawe Mukandinda Agnes mu manza z’ubutane zabaye mbere ya cyamunara, ko umuhesha w’inkiko wabimenyeshejwe mbere yo guteza cyamunara uwo mutungo ko yagombaga guhagarika cyamunara, ko kuvuga ko umutungo wari ucyanditse kuri Muhire akaba ari umwe mu bishyuzwa indishyi nyamara akirengangiza ko indishyi zitandukanye n’umwenda w’urugo wagombaga kuba wararegewe mu manza z’ubutane, ko kandi kuba yaramenye ko numero y’umutungo (UPI) yatangaje mu matangazo ya cyamunara atandukanye na numero y’umutungo nyirizina kandi uwagakwiye kuba nyiri mutungo wanditse ku matangazo akaba ntacyo yishyuzwaga ariwe Kabanda R. Donati, ko ibi byari bihagije kugira ngo urukiko

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rwisumbuye rushingire ku byari byemejwe n’urukiko rwibanze rwemeza ko cyamunara iteshwa agaciro; [41] Uru rukiko rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 158, igika cya mbere, n’ingingo ya 260 z’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nazo zibukijwe haruguru, urubanza No RCA 0089/2024TGI/Nyge rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 23/05/2024, rukwiye guteshwa agaciro, ibintu bigasubira uko byari biri rutaracibwa hakubahirizwa ahubwo urubanza RC 00047/2024/TB/Kicu rwaciwe kuwa 16/04/2024, bityo izindi mpamvu z’ubujurire zo kuba cyamunara itaramenyeshejwe uterezwa cyamunara, ko nta n’impamvu yo kuzisuzuma ahubwo ibintu byasubira uko byari bimeze mbere ya cyamunara buri wese agasubizwa umutungo we ndetse n’uwaguze agasubizwa ibyo yatanze agura akabihabwa n’uwo yabihaye ariwe umuhesha w’inkiko wateje cyamunara umutungo nkuko cheques yatanze zibigaragaza; Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi afite ishingiro. [42] Mukandinda Agnes avuga ko ashingiye ku bisobanuro yatanze ndetse byerekana amakosa yakozwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko Kamanzi Emmanuel, ko asaba urukiko gutegeka ko Mukandinda Agnes yishyurwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 2,000,000Frw, kwishyurwa igihembo cy’avoka kingana na 2,500,000Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 500,000Frw hamwe no gusubizwa amagarama yatanze; [43] Bayingana Andrew avuga ko nta shingiro izi ndishyi Mukandinda asaba zifiye, ahubwo ko asaba Urukiko gutegeka Mukandinda Agnes kwishyura igihembo cy'Avoka kingana n'amafaranga 2,000,000Frw, amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1,000,000Frw bitewe ni uko akomeza gushora Bayingana Andrew mu manza z'amaherere kandi nawe ubwe azi ukuri ko uwo mutungo watejwe cyamunara ari uwe kandi ko yari azi neza ko cyamunara izakorwa iyo abishaka aba yarishyuye mbere; [44] Me Kamanzi Emmanuel avuga ko yagenerwa indishyi z’ikurirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka bingana na 2000.000Frw; Uko Urukiko Rukuru rubibona [45] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”, urub rukiko rusanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avocat byasabwe na Me Kamanzi Emmanuel atayahabwa kuko urukiko rwasanze imyiregurire ye idafite ishingiro nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, naho indishyi zisabwa na Bayingana Andrew akaba azisabwa Mukandinda Agnes nyamara nta kosa uyu yakoze kugira ngo agure umutungo atagombaga kugura bikaba byarakozwe na Me Kamanzi Emmanuel nyamara

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akaba atariwe asaba ko yamwishyura indishyi avuga muri uru rubanza, rukaba rutategeka ibitarasabwe; [46] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zasabwe na Mukandinda Agnes zifite ishingiro kuko yashowe mu manza na Me Kamanzi Emmanuel, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, Me Kamanzi Emmanuel akaba igomba guha Mukandinda Agnes amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avocat, yose hamwe angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) akubiyemo ahwanye na 250.000Frw y’ikurikirana rubanza na 250.000Frw y’igihembo cya avocat atanzwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko ayo Mukandinda Agnes yasabye atagaragaje ibyo yatakaje mu gukurikirana imanza yashowemo ariko izi ndishyi agenewe zikiyongera kuzagenwe mu rubanza RC 00047/2024/TB/Kicu rwagumishijweho; II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [47] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwatanze na Mukandinda Agnes kandi ko bufite ishingiro. [48] Rutegetse ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA 00089/2024/TGI/Nyge rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 23/05/2024 iteshejwe agaciro mu ngingo zayo zose, hakagumishwaho kandi hakubahirizwa ibyategetswe mu rubanza RC 00047/2024/TB/Kicu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro kuwa 16/04/2024 aho rwategetse ko cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo ugizwe n’inzu ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/3802 iregerwa muri izi manza iteshejwe agaciro ibintu bigasubira uko byari bimeze mbere yiyo cyamunara yabaye kuwa 31/08/2023. [49] Rutegetse Me Kamanzi Emmanuel kwishyura Mukandinda Agnes indishyi zikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avocat bihwanye yose hamwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) yiyongera ku ndishyi zategetswe mu rubanza rugumishijweho arirwo RC 00047/2024/TB/Kicu. [50] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza ahwanye n’ibyakozwe.