UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUSHUMBA N’ABANDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUSHUMBA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00155/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUSHUMBA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00155/2022/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amatetego agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Ingingo itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire – Ingingo yose y’ubujurire itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntiyakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire – Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire ntibigirira akamaro uregwa kuko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza yajuririye ahubwo aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Guhindura inyito y’icyaha – Mbere yo gutanga igihano, Urukiko rugomba kubanza kugenzura ibikorwa bigize icyaha, imikorere yacyo n’inyito yacyo, ko kubijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha, n’iyo umuburanyi atabisabye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mushumba Germain, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste na Kuradusenge Valens bakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda, kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nyuma yuko Mushumba abapolisi bamufatanye udupfunyika tw’urumogi 301 akavuga ko yaruhawe na Tuyisenge ngo aruhe

abarushaka, abo bapolisi bajya kwa Tuyisenge bagasanga hari urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 2101 hari n’urundi rudafunze yari ari gufungana na Kuradusenge Valens. Ubushinjacyaha bwareze aba uko ari 3 mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bubarega icyaha cyo gutunda, kubika, no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama bakagihanirwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko abaregwa bahamwa n’icyaha, rubahanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kuri buri wese n’ihazabu ya 20 000 000 Frw. Abaregwa bajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru buri wese avuga ko yahaniwe icyaha atakoze ariko Mushumba we asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo budafite ishingiro, nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa. Abaregwa bajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Mushumba avuga ko yarenganye kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze rwirengagiza imyiregurire ye n’ibimenyetso yatanze, ariko mu gihe cy’iburanisha avuga ko impamvu zose z’ubujurire aziretse yemera icyaha, Tuyisenge ajurira avuga ko yemera icyaha asaba kuganyirizwa ibihano, naho Kuradusenge avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano biremereye asaba ko yahanwa nk’umufatanyacyaha wo gufatanwa urumogi, Urukiko rwabibona ukundi rukamugabanyiriza ibihano. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu Mushumba yajuririye mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko yayiretse, agahitamo kuburana yemera icyaha, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, bityo bitashingirwaho kuko iyo ari ingingo nshya ikaba itaratanzwe mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko bityo ubujurire bwe budakwiye kwakirwa. Buvuga kandi ko kuba Tuyisenge yemera ntacyo byamumarira kuko aburanisha ingingo nshya itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa

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kandi Urukiko rwajuririwe rufite gusa inshingano zo gukosora amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Naho kuri Kuradusenge, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yaburanye mu Nkiko zibanza ahakana icyaha akaba acyemera bwambere mu bujurire bwa kabiri, ko rero ubujurire bwe budakwiye kwakirwa kuko azanye ibintu bishya bitaburanyweho mu Rukiko rubanza kandi mu bujurire hakosorwa amakosa yakozwe n’inkiko zibanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kujurira bikorwa mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu (30), hagaragazwa ibinengwa urubanza rujuririrwa, ibigomba gukosorwa n’impamvu ari amakosa n’uburyo yakosorwa. Ingingo yose y’ubujurire itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntiyakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire.

2. Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire ntibigirira akamaro uregwa kuko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza yajuririye ahubwo aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko.

3. Mbere yo gutanga igihano, Urukiko rugomba kubanza kugenzura ibikorwa bigize icyaha, imikorere yacyo n’inyito yacyo, ko kubijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha, n’iyo umuburanyi atabisabye, Urukiko rubyibwirije rugomba kugira icyo rubivugaho iyo rwasabwe guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kuko igihe cyose ruba rufite inshingano yo guhuza ibikorwa bigize icyaha, uko byakozwe n’igihano. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mushumba Germain na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite, naho ubwatanzwe na Kuradusenge Valens bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe. Nta mategeko yashingiweho.

Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS; Mbuto Aimable vs BRD Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018. RPAA 00208/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Kabanda Sadi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2024. RPAA 00048/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. RPAA 00164/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Gasigwa Fidèle rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. RPAA 00428/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Irakiza Eric rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023. RPAA 00653/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mvuyekure Jean Bosco rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/03/2023. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 10/09/2020, Mushumba Germain yafashwe n’abapolisi bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge afatanwa urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika magana atatu na kamwe (301 boules), abajijwe aho arukuye avuga ko yaruhawe na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ngo arujyanire abantu barushaka, abo bapolisi bagiye kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste bamusangana urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana na kamwe (2101 boules) n’urundi rungana n’ibiro makumyabiri (20 kgs) rudafunze, arimo kurufunga afatanyije na Kuradusenge Valens. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda, kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama bakagihanirwa. [3] Mushumba Germain yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi, akavuga ko yari yaruhawe na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste amubwira abo agomba kuruha, baba aribo bamufata. Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste nawe yaburanye yemera ko urumogi barusanze iwe, ariko akavuga ko rutari urwe ko yari yaruhawe n’umuntu ngo arumubikire. Naho Kuradusenge Valens avuga ko ntaho ahuriye n’ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste, ko we yari yagiye muri urwo rugo gutekera Tuyise igikoma kuko yari arwaye. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00642/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 18/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku bimenyetso, birimo :  Kuba Mushumba Germain

yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi udupfunyika 301 akavuga ko hari abo yari arujyaniye akanashinja Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ko ariwe warumuhaye ;  Kuba Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi arubitse ;  Kuba Kuradusenge Valens nawe yemera ko yabitse urumogi akanarufatanwa ;  Kuba bose bashinjanya hagati yabo ;  Kuba barashyize imikono yabo ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi bafatanywe ;  N’imvugo z’umutangabuhamya Nduwayezu Jean Baptiste ubashinja ;

Rwemeje ko Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Mushumba Germain ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, naho Kuradusenge Valens ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [5] Mushumba Germain, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste na Kuradusenge Valens bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru buri wese avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, Mushumba Germain akanasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 01250/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2022, Urukiko Rukuru nyuma yo gusesengura ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi mu guhamya Mushumba Germain, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste na Kuradusenge Valens ibyaha baregwa,

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rwasanze bihagije ngo hemezwe ko ibyo byaha babikoze, rusanga kandi ibihano bahanishijwe aribyo bikwiye kugumaho, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza bajuririye idahindutse. [7] Mushumba Germain, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste na Kuradusenge Valens bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00155/2022/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 09/12/2024, Mushumba Germain yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste yunganiwe na Me Ntuyenabo Jean de Dieu, Kuradusenge Valens yunganiwe na Me Mutabazi Jackson, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Mushumba Germain yajuriye avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhaniye icyaha atakoze, rwirengagiza imyiregurire ye ndetse n’ibimenyetso byose yatanze, bituma arengana. Nyuma yatanze umwanzuro w’inyongera asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha, akaba aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranywe mubutabera ndetse ko yafashije inzego z’ubutabera yerekana aho yakuye urumogi yafatanywe. Mushumba Germain na none yongeye gutanga umwanzuro w’inyongera asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka, hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yakoze. [9] Mu gihe cy’iburanisha Mushumba Germain n’umwunganira bavuze ko ingingo y’ubujurire ihakana icyaha n’isaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha aziretse, basaba ko hasuzumwa gusa

ibijyanye no kwemera icyaha kugisabira imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [10] Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste n’umwunganira bavuga ko yemera icyaha nk’uko yatangiye acyemera ku rwego rwa mbere, bagasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Kuradusenge Valens n’umwunganira bavuga ko hakurikijwe uruhare yagize mu mikorere y’icyaha rwo kuba yarahawe akazi na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ko kumufasha gufunga urumogi no kurupakira hanyuma bakaza kurufatanwa barimo kurufunga, yahanishijwe igihano kirekire, basaba ko cyagabanywa agahanwa nk’umufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, Urukiko rwabibona ukundi rukamugabanyiriza ibihano ku cyaha yahamijwe. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire Mushumba Germain yatanze mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko ayiretse, iyo asaba ko yasuzumwa ariyo yo kwemera icyaha, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, ikiba idakwiye gusuzumwa kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’amategeko, byumvikanisha ko Mushumba Germain nta ngingo y’ubujurire asigaranye yo gusuzuma, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [13] Ku birebana n’ubujurire bwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru yaburanye bahakana icyaha, ko kuba ubu acyemera ntacyo byamumarira kuko azanye ingingo nshya itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi Urukiko rwajuririwe rufite gusa inshingano zo gukosora

amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [14] Ku birebana n’ubujurire bwa Kuradusenge Valens, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko uyu nawe mu Rukiko Rukuru yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko kuba ubu yemera uruhare rwe, ntacyo byamumarira kuko azanye ingingo nshya itaraburanishijweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi Urukiko rwajuririwe rufite gusa inshingano zo gukosora amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa

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[15] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’ababuranyi, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : a. Kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera na Mushumba Germain igamije kwemera icyaha, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, itagomba kwakirwa ; b. Kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste mu bujurire kwamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano c. Kumenya niba ibikorwa Kuradusenge Valens yakoze bigize icyaha yahamijwe cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa bigize ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

a. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera na Mushumba Germain igamije kwemera icyaha, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, itagomba kwakirwa [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ku wa 17/02/2022, Mushumba Germain yajuriye asaba kurenganurwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze, ku wa 28/04/2023 atanga umwanzuro w’inyongera avuga ko yemera icyaha aregwa, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, mu iburanisha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire yatanze mbere ayiretse. Ko asanga impamvu y’ubujurire yo kwemera icyaha no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera idakwiye kwakirwa kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’igihe cyo kujurira giteganywa n’amategeko kandi ikaba ituzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Ko kuba rero Mushumba Germain aretse impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, iyatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera ikaba idakwiye gusuzumwa, byumvikanisha ko nta ngingo y’ubujurire asigaranye yo gusuzuma, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite kuko nta mpamvu z’ubujurire asigaranye zo gusuzuma. [17] Mushumba Germain avuga ko agifungwa yahuzagurikaga atazi ibyo avuga kandi nyamara yarakoze icyaha, ko atari azi ko ibikorwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuko yumvaga ko kuba yarafashwe nta muntu araha urumogi ngo nawe amuhe amafaranga, nta bucuruzi

bwabayeho, ariko nyuma yo gusobanurirwa akamenya ko kuba urumogi yafatanywe yari afite uwo arujyaniye waribumuhe amafaranga ari ugucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, yahisemo kureka izindi ngingo z’ubujurire, akemera icyaha, akacyicuza agasaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. [18] Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier avuga ko Mushumba Germain yemeye icyaha kuva yafatwa kuko atigeze ahakana ko yafatanywe enveloppe irimo urumogi, agaragaza aho arukuye n’aho arujyanye, anagaragaza ko yari azi inyungu ariburukuremo, ariko akumva ko kuba yari atarahabwa amafaranga atarucuruje, ariho yahereye asaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha kuko yumvaga ko kuba yarafatanywe eveloppe irimo urumogi, yahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ko rero impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera wo ku wa 28/04/2023 yuzuza iyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko (mu mwanzuro wo ku wa 17/03/2022) kuko n’ubwo mu mwanzuro wa mbere Mushumba Germain yavugaga ko ahakana icyaha, ariko icyo yahakanye

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atari uko yafatanywe urumogi agiye kurugurisha, ahubwo yakomeje yemera ko yarufatanywe ariko atari yarugurisha, akumva ko bitagize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bityo iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire ikaba ikwiye gusuzumwa. Uko Urukiko rubibona [19] Ibyerekeranye n’impamvu zubujurire zitanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, byasobanuwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS1 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018 haburana Mbuto Aimable na BRD Ltd, rwemeje ko kujurira bikorwa mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu (30), hagaragazwa ibinengwa urubanza rujuririrwa, ibigomba gukosorwa n’impamvu ari amakosa n’uburyo yakosorwa, ko ingingo yose y’ubujurire itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, itagomba kwakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00208/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 25/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabanda Sadi. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga urubanza RPA 01250/2020/HC/KIG rwaraciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/02/2022, Mushumba Germain arujurira ku wa 17/03/2022, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze rwirengagije imyiregurire ye n’ibimenyetso yarugaragarije byemeza ko nta cyaha yakoze. Ku wa 28/04/2023, Mushumba Germain yatanze umwanzuro w’inyongera avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije

ibihano kandi yaremeye icyaha akacyicuza, akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwamugabanyiriza ibihano kuko yemera icyaha, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ndetse ko yafashije inzego z’ubutabera yerekana aho yakuye urumogi yafatanywe. Ku wa 08/05/2024, Mushumba Jeremie yongeye gutanga umwanzuro w’inyongera asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka, hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yakoze. Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/12/2024, Mushumba Germain yavuze ko izindi ngingo z’ubujurire aziretse usibye ijyanye no kwemera icyaha no gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera wo ku wa 28/04/2023, asaba ko ariyo yasuzumwa yonyine. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku manza zagaragarajwe haruguru, rurasanga iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yo kwemera icyaha no gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu (30) yo kujurira iteganywa n’itegeko, kandi ikaba ihabanye n’iyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko yo guhakana icyaha. [22] Ibijyanye n’imiburanire ya Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier y’uko impamvu yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera wo ku wa 28/04/2023 yuzuza iyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko (ku wa 17/02/2022), bityo ko ikwiye gusuzumwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 20 na 21 by’uru rubanza, impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragara muri iyo myanzuro yombi zihabanye. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, nyuma yo kureka impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko ihakana icyaha, iyo asaba ko yasuzumwa ijyanye no kwemera

1 Ni urubanza rubanziriza urundi N° RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018 haburana MBUTO Aimable na BRD Ltd.

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icyaha, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ikaba itasuzumwa kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’igihe cy’ubujurire, nta zindi mpamvu z’ubujurire Mushumba Germain asigaranye zasuzumwa, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. b. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste mu bujurire kwamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano [24] Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste na Me Ntuyenabo Jean de Dieu umwunganira bavuga ko noneho Tuyisenge yemera icyemera nk’uko yatangiye acyemera ku rwego rwa mbere. Basobanura ko hari mu gihe cya Covid Tuyisenge yugarijwe n’ubukene umuntu amugira inama mbi yo kwishora mu biyobyabwenge, habaye ku itariki ya 07/09/2020 haza uwitwa Mushumba Germain ashaka urumogi amuha udupfunyika magana atatu na kamwe (301 boules) ageze mu nzira arafatwa avuga ko ariwe warumuhaye nuko nawe arafatwa. [25] Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste n’umwunganira bakomeza bavuga ko abazwa mu nzego z’iperereza yemeye icyaha aracyicuza agisabira imbabazi, ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi naho yemera icyaha asaba imbabazi ariko ukwemera kwe ntikwahabwa agaciro ngo agabanyirizwe igihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, umu Avoka wamwunganiraga amubwira ko agomba guhindura imiburanire agahakana icyaha, arabyemera kuko yumvaga aribyo byamugirira akamaro, cyane ko yumvaga ko Avoka ariwe uzi

iby’imanza n’amategeko, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho aricuza asaba imbabazi kandi icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kuko urumogi yahaye Mushumba Germain rwafashwe rutarakoreshwa n’urwo nawe yari yasigaranye rurafatwa rwose ruratwikwa [26] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite kuko aburana mu ku rwego rwa mbere atemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kubera ko yemeye gusa ko yarabitse ibiyobyabwenge (reba igika cya 2 n’icya 8 by’Urubanza RP 00642/2020/TGI/GIC), naho mu bujurire bwa mbere mu Rukiko Rukuru, ho aburana atemera icyaha avuga ko ari ibyaha bamuhimbiye (reba igika cya 16 cy’urubanza RPA 01250/2020/HC/KIG), ko kuba yaraburanye mbere atemera icyaha akaba ajuriye ku nshuro ya kabiri avuga ko noneho acyemera iyo atari inenge ku rubanza rwaciwe mu bujurire bwa mbere ku buryo yakosorwa, ikindi kandi kwemera icyaha mu rwego rw’ubujurire ntacyo byamumarira kuko atigeze acyemera mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 59, agace ka 3° y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko kwemera icyaha nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ari ugukozwe mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere kandi mu buryo budashidikanywa. [27] Ibyo kandi bikaba byaratanzweho umurongo mu

rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, uvuga ko “kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa kuko ujurira aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko”, asaba kwemeza ko igihano Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe kidahindutse. Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[28] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire byagirira akamaro uregwa, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul wakurikijwe no mu zindi zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza RPAA 00164/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Gasigwa Fidèle. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rwemeje ko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa kuko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza yajuririye ahubwo aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko. [29] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, yaba mu mabazwa ya Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste mu nzego z’iperereza, yaba mu miburanire ye mu nkiko zibanza, atigeze yemera icyaha mu buryo budashikanywaho, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi, anemera ko urumogi Mushumba Germain yafatanywe ariwe wari warumuhaye, ariko akavuga ko urwo rumogi rutari urwe, ko yari yarubikijwe n’abantu atazi. Naho mu Bushinjacyaha avuga ko nta rumogi yafatanywe ko nta n’urwo yahaye Mushumba Germaine, ahubwo ko ari abantu barutaye hanze y’iwe bariruka, aba ariwe rwitirirwa. Aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, yavuze ko urumogi rwafatiwe iwe rutari urwe, ko ari umuntu wari warumubikije. Ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru nabwo

Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste yakomeje guhakana icyaha avuga ko yagihimbiwe n’abantu bashakaga kumwiba. Inkiko zibanza zasanze n’ubwo Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ahakana icyaha, ariko hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya nk’uko byibukijwe mu miterere y’uru rubanza. [30] Nk’uko byakomeje kugaragazwa haruguru, mu bujurire bwa kabiri, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste noneho yemera ko yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho, agasobanura kubera ubukene yafashe icyemezo cyo kwishora mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ariko ntibyamuhira ararufatanwa amaze kuruhaho Mushumba Germain, bivuze ko ntacyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza no kubika ibiyobyabwenge ubu nawe yemera, ahubwo azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza, mu gihe inshingano y’Urukiko rwajuririwe ari iyo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere agomba kugaragazwa n’uwajuriye kugira ngo akosorwe. [31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, ukwemera icyaha mu bujurire kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ntacyo kwamumarira, bivuze ko kutashingirwaho ngo agabanyirizwe igihano nk’uko abisaba, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite.

c. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba ibikorwa Kuradusenge Valens yakoze bigize icyaha yahamijwe cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa bigize ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano [32] Kuradusenge Valens avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi nta ruhare rukomeye yagize mu mikorere y’icyaha, asobanura ko icyaha yagikoreshejwe na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste wamufatiranyije mu bukene n’imibereho mibi yari abayeho, amuha akazi ko kumufasha gufunga urumogi no kurupakira ariko yareba ingano yarwo akabona ari urwo kugurisha kuko rwari rwinshi, maze bafatwa bakiri kurufunga, ko rero akurikije uruhare rwe, abona yari guhanirwa ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge giteganywa mu ngingo ya 263, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange

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nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko umuntu wese ufatanwa ….. Ibiyobyabwenge bito cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aba akoze icyaha, iyo abihamijwe n’Urukiko ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) cyangwa imirimo y’inyungu rusange. Asaba kandi ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko noneho yemera uruhare rwe mu mikorere y’icyaha, kandi akaba nta bundi bugome yakoranye icyaha ahubwo yagishowemo na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera. [33] Me Mutabazi Jackson umwunganira avuga ko Urukiko rufite inshingano zo guhuza ibikorwa byakozwe n’inyito y’icyaha ikwiye, ko kuri Kuradusenge Valens wahawe akazi na Tuyisenge ko gufunga no kupakira urumogi bakaza gufatwa arimo kurufunga, yahanirwa ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatwanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko n’ubwo arebye ubwinshi bw’urwo rumogi yabonaga ko ari urwo gucuruza, ariko nta kimenyetso gihari kidashidikanywaho cyemeza uruhare rwe mu itunda n’icuruzwa ry’urwo rumogi, cyane ko nyirarwo arwemera naho Kuradusenge akaba atari azi uburyo urwo rumogi rwageze muri urwo rugo n’aho ruzajya, ariyo mpamvu akwiye guhanirwa ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa urumogi, Urukiko rwabibona ukundi rukamugabanyiriza igihano. [34] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko urubanza ari urw’umuburanyi atari urw’umwunganira, ko Kuradusenge Valens yemera ko yakoze ubufatanyacyaha

bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge naho umwunganira akavuga ko ari ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, ko rero Urukiko rwazabona ko nyiri ubwite ariwe uzi ibyo yakoze ari nabyo yemera by’ubufatanyacyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwemge. [35] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko, mu Nkiko zibanza Kuradusenge Valens yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko acyemeye bwambere mu bujurire bwa kabiri, ko rero ubujurire bwe budakwiye kwakirwa kuko azanye ibintu bishya bitaburanyweho mu Rukiko rubanza kandi mu bujurire hakosorwa amakosa yakozwe n’inkiko zibanza nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire harimo urubanza RPAA/GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 07/05/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyagishari Bernard mu bika 70 -74. Avuga ko muri uru rubanza Urukiko rwanze kuburanisha ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire kwa Munyagishari kubera ibibazo by’amategeko bishobora guteza. Avuga kandi ko harebwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge abaregwa bafatanywe, bigaragaza ingaruka zikomeye rwari buzateze mu bana b’u Rwanda, bityo ko Kurasusenge Valens adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uko Urukiko rubibona [36] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba guhindura inyito y’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) kikaba ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge Kuradusenge Valens ataburanishije mu rubanza rujuririrwa ashobora kubisaba bwa mbere mu bujurire bwa kabiri no kumenya niba yabyemererwa ndetse no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano.

i. Kumenya niba Kuradusenge Valens ashobora gusaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha mu bujurire bwa kabiri atarabisabye mu rubanza rujuririrwa

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[37] Mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo urubanza RPAA 00428/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Irakiza Eric n’urubanza RPAA 00653/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mvuyekure Jean Bosco, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 491 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko mbere yo gutanga igihano, Urukiko rugomba kubanza kugenzura ibikorwa bigize icyaha, imikorere yacyo n’inyito yacyo, ko kubijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha, n’iyo umuburanyi atabisabye, Urukiko rubyibwirije rugomba kugira icyo rubivugaho iyo rwasabwe guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kuko igihe cyose ruba rufite inshingano yo guhuza ibikorwa bigize icyaha, uko byakozwe n’igihano. [38] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, mu bujurire bwe Kuradusenge Valens asaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yahawe byagabanywa bigahuzwa n’uruhare yagize mu mikorere y’icyaha rwo kuba yarahawe akazi na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ko kumufasha gufunga no gupakira urumogi bafatwa bakiri kurufunga, akaba ariyo mpamvu, uru Rukiko, rugomba gusuzuma niba ibikorwa bigize icyaha akurikiranyweho n’uko byakozwe, bihura n’inyito byahawe n’ibihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko rubanza, kabone n’ubwo bitaburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa.

ii. Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Kuradusenge Valens aregwa yahinduka. [39] Mu gusubiza iki kibazo, harasuzumwa niba ibikorwa Kuradusenge Valens aregwa bigize icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge gihanishwa ingingo ya 11, igika gatatu2 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, yahinduye ingingo ya 263, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange cyangwa ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwe, gihanishwa ingingo ya 11 igika cya mbere3 y’iryo Tegeko. [40] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zakemuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA4. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko amagambo arebana no gufatanwa

2 Iyo ngingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha”, naho agace ka 1° kacyo kagateganya ko “iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”.

3 Iyo ngingo ya 11, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko ‘‘Umuntu wese ufatanwa, urya, unywa, witera, uhumeka cyangwa wisiga mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aba akoze icyaha’’. Igika cyayo cya kabiri iteganya ko “Umuntu wese uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) cyangwa imirimo y’inyungu rusange’’.

4 Reba igika cya 14-18 cy’urubanza Nº RPAA 00408/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NIYITEGEKA Augustin alias Niyirema.

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(avugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 2635), gukora, guhinga, guhindura, gutunda, kubika (avugwa mu gika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 263) agomba kumvikana hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge n’ikigiye gukoreshwa ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe, yakoze, yahinze, yahinduye, yatunze, yabitse maze byagaragara ko kuri buri gikorwa muri ibyo ikigamijwe ari ukubikoresha ku giti cye (simple drug possession/ personal usage), uregwa agahabwa ibihano bito bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 263 bingana n’igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) cyangwa imirimo y’inyungu rusange, ariko byagaragara ko ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe ari nini bikaba byashingirwaho hemezwa ko ataribyo gukoresha ku giti cye, ahubwo ikigamijwe ari gucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge (drugs trafficking /drug distrubution) uregwa agahabwa igihano kiremereye kivugwa mu gika cya gatatu cy’ingingo ya 263 cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. [41] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 10/09/2020, Kurudusenge Valens yafatiwe kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste barimo gufatanya gufunga urumogi mu dupfunyika, bafatanwa udupfunyika ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana na kamwe (2101 boules) bari bamaze gupfunyika n’urundi rungana n’ibiro

makumyabiri (20 kgs) rudafunze, rwiyongera ku rundi rungana n’udupfunyika magana atatu na kamwe (301 boules) bari bamaze guha Mushumba Germain ngo arujyanire abantu barushakaga nawe aza kurufatanwa, ari nawe watanze amakuru y’aho aruvanye aba nabo barafatwa. [42] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko mu miburanire ya Kuradusenge Valens yaranzwe no kwivuguruza, aho abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko n’ubwo yafatiwe kwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste ntaho ahuriye n’urumogi rwahafatiwe kuko we yari yagiye muri urwo rugo gutekera Tuyisenge igikoma kuko umugore we atari ahari. Mu Bushinjacyaha yasobanuye ko yari kumwe na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste amutwaye kuri moto amujyanye Kiyanza, bageze mu nzira Tuyisenge agura ikoti aravuga ngo reka ajye kurisiga murugo, bageze kwa Tuyisenge amusiga hanze y’urugo arinjira ngo asige rya koti mu rugo, yumva arimo kurwana n’abantu, agiye kureba asanga Tuyisenge bamufashe hari n’urumogi rwinshi bamutegeka kuruvana mu gikari akaruzana aho moto yari iparitse ku irembo, ko usibye ko yategetswe gupakira urwo rumogi mu mifuka no kuruterura arujyana hanze nta kindi yakoze, ko urwo rumogi Tuyisenge yavugaga ko ari abantu atazi bamwikanze bakaruta aho. [43] Dosiye igaragaza ko aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi no Rukiko Rukuru, Kuradusege Valens yongeye kuvuga nk’ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha ko nta rumogi yafatanywe, ko yari yagiye mu rugo rwa Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste

kumutekera igikoma, ageze mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire yemera ko yari yahawe na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste akazi ko kumufasha gufunga no gupakira urumogi bafatwa birimo kurufunga mu dupfunyika. [44] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku kuba Kuradusenge Valens yiyemerera ko yafashwe arimo gufatanya na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste gufunga urumogi mu dupfunyika no kurupakira, bigahuzwa n’ingano n’inini y’ibiyobyabwenge bafatanywe (udupfunyika 2.101 n’urundi rudafunze mu dupfunyika runga n’ibiri 20), rurasanga ari ibimenyetso byemeza nta shiti ko

5 Urukiko ruributsa ko iyi ngingo yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yavuzwe haruguru.

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afatanya na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ibyo bikorwa bikaba bigize ubufatanyacyaha bwo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [45] Ku bijyanye no kuba Kuradusenge Valens n’umwunganira bavuga ko uruhare rwe rugarukira gusa ku gufasha Tuyisenge gufunga no gupakira urumogi, ari naho bahera bavuga ko ibyo bigize ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ryabyo kuko uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa, nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ukuri kwabyo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso 6, ikindi kandi akaba yaranzwe no kwivuguruza ku bijyanye n’urwo ruhare rwe nk’uko byagaragajwe mu gika cya 42 na 23 by’uru rubanza, byumvikanisha ko ari uburyo bwo gushaka guhunga igihano kiremereye giteganyijwe ku cyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, kuko iyo biza kuba ari ukuri yari kuba aribyo yavuze kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa aho kugira ngo akomeze kugenda yivuguruza. [46] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa mu bika bibanziriza iki, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibikorwa Kuradusenge Valens ashinjwa bigize ubufatanyacyaha bwo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba ubufatanyacyaha bwo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. Bityo inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ikaba ikwiye guhinduka kikaba ubufatanyacyaha bwo

kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba kubika ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe n’inkiko zibanza, ariko kubirebana n’igihano Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rusanga nta gikwiye guhinduka kugihano yahanishijwe cyo gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) kuko byose bihanwa kimwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu y’Itegeko N°69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze mimiyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku muntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.

iii. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Tuyisenge Valens yagabanyirizwa igihano [47] Nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA 0021/14/CS - RPAA 0022/14/CS7, Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Uwo murongo washingiweho n’uru Rukiko mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye, harimo urubanza RPAA 00199/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2024 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Niyigenabyose Ezechiel, ukaba unahura n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/201868/2018 ryo ku wa

6 Ivuga ko “Urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe……….”. 7 Reba igika cya 14 cy’urubanza cy’urubanza n° RPAA 0021/14/CS - n° RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NTABANGANYIMANA Félicien n’undi.

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga8, bityo ukaba ari nawo ugiye gukurikikizwa muri uru rubanza. [48] Kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa mu gika cya 44, igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma abaregwa bagabanyirizwa igihano, rubagumisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) bahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi. [49] Harebwe ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge Kuradusenge Valens na bagenzi be baregwa hamwe bafatanywe rungana n’udupfunyika 2.101 n’urundi rudafunze mu dupfunyika rungana n’ibiri 20 rwiyongera ku dupfunyika 301 bari bamaze guha Mushumba Germain yafatanywe arujyaniye umuntu warushakaga, harebwe n’ingaruka urwo rumogi rwari kugira ku bantu bari kuruguru kuko uko ibiyobyabwenge bikwirakwizwa ari byinshi ari nako bigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) Kuradusenge Valens yahanishijwe kirebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ingaruka zacyo, aricyo gikwiye kikaba kitagabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha iyo ariyo yose. [50] Kubera impamvu zose zimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mushumba Germain na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste nta shingiro

bufite, naho ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kuradusenge Valens bufite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [51] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mushumba Germain na Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite, naho ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kuradusenge Valens bufite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ; [52] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01250/2020/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 28/02/2022, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha Kuradusenge Valens yahamijwe ; [53] Rwemeje ko Kuradusenge Valens ahamwa n’ubufatanyacyaha bwo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge ; [54] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Mushumba Germain, Tuyisenge Jean Baptiste na Kuradusenge Valens bajuri bafunze bakaba basonewe kuyatanga.

8 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”.