UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDAYAMBAJE

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDAYAMBAJE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2019-06-28 - Case/document no.: RPA 00039/2018/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

Text

Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDAYAMBAJE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPA 00039/2018/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J, Kaliwabo na Tugireyezu, J.) 28 Kamena 2019] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Ingaruka icyaha cyateye – Mu gihe icyaha kitageze ku ntego bityo kikaba nta ngaruka cyateje ishobora kuba impamvu y’igabanyagihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Rwamagana haregwa Ndayambaje icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo kugirira nabi ubutegetsi buriho n’icyaha cyo kuba mu mutwe w’iterabwoba; kuko mu bihe bitandukanye, afatanyije n’undi muntu baracuze umugambi wo gushaka abasore bo kohereza muri FDLR, umutwe ugambiriye guhirika ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda hakoreshejwe intwaro Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rumukatira igifungo cy’imyaka 20, Uregwa yasubirishije urubanza ingingo nshya agaragaza ko yakubiswe igihe yabazwaga, ikirego cye nticyakiriwe. Yajuririrye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko urubanza ruza koherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera ivugururwa ry’inkiko; uregwa akaba yaraburanye noneho yemera icyaha asaba ko yagabanirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko atagabanirizwa igihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha ku rwego rwa nyuma akacyemera kubera amaburakindi ntayindi nzira asigaranye akaba acyemera nta kwicuza ububi bw’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kwemera gusa icyaha kw’uregwa ku rwego rwa nyuma kubera kuko abona ko ntayindi nzira ariko ntiyicuze ububi bw’icyaha yakoze ntiyaba impamvu igabanya igihano.

2. Mu gihe icyaha kitageze ku ntego bityo kikaba nta ngaruka cyateje ishobora kuba impamvu y’igabanyagihano. Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kubirebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashyigiweho: Itegeko Ngenga N°֯1/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/5/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 76 na 77. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0196/11/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v. Mukantagara n’undi rwaciwe ku wa 15/11/2013 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Ubushinjacyaha burega Ndayambaje Bernard ko yafatanyije n’undi witwa Niyigena Oscar (utarafatwa) bari mu Turere twa Gasabo, Kamonyi na Rwamagana mu bihe bitandukanye, kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2014, baracuze umugambi wo gushaka abasore mu Rwanda bo kohereza muri FDLR, umutwe ugambiriye guhirika ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda hakoreshejwe intwaro, buvuga

Page 2

ko ibi bikorwa bigize icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo kugirira nabi ubutegetsi buriho n’icyo kuba mu mutwe w‘iterabwoba. [2] Ku wa 19/05/2015, Urukiko rwaregewe rwaciye urubanza RP 0021/14/HC/RWG rwemeza ko Ndayambaje Bernard ahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [3] Ku wa 19/10/2015 Ndayambaje Bernard yari yasubirishijemo urubanza ingingo nshya agaragaza ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko yakubiswe mu gihe yabazwaga n’inzego z’iperereza, ku wa 12/05/2016, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeza ko ikirego cye kitakiriwe. [4] Kuwa 4/06/2015, Ndayambaje Bernard yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuri RPA 0004/16/CS, nyuma y’ishyirwaho ry’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe aba ariho bwoherezwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52 na 105 z’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, buhabwa N⁰ RPA 00039/2018/CA. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishirijwe mu ruhame ku itariki ya 30/05/2019, Ndayambaje Bernard yunganiwe na Me Simbizi Fulgence, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [6] Mu bujurire bwe, Ndayambaje Bernard asaba kugabanyirizwa kuko aburana yemera icyaha naho Ubushinjacyaha bukaba buvuga ko atagomba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha ku rwego rwa nyuma. Muri uru rubanza, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa akaba ari ukumenya niba Ndayambaje Bernard yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu

y’uko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha kwa Ndayambaje Bernard kwamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano. [7] Ndayambaje Bernard avuga ko yajuriye agamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ko igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru abona kiremereye cyane. Ku birebana n’imikorere y’ibyaha aregwa, Ndayambaje Bernard asobanura ko ubwo yakoraga akazi ko mu rugo i Kibagabaga, uwitwa Kavutse yamuhamagaye amubwira ko agiye kumuha akazi ko kumushakira abasore bajya muri FDLR, akazamuhemba moto amaze kuzana abo basore. Akomeza avuga ko ubwo yahise ajya iwabo gushaka abo basore, abona batanu, barimo Nsabimana Sylvestre, Biziyaremye Viateur na Uwamahoro wo kwa Niyitanga ariko banga kumukurikira kuko nta mafaranga yari yabahaye, agaruka i Kibagabaga, yongera gushaka abandi icumi 10) i Musha ntibyamuhira kuko havuyemo umwe akamufatisha. [8] Ndayambaje Bernard avuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru yaburanye ahakana icyaha ashaka kucyikuraho, ariko ko ubu amaze kubona ububi bwacyo, akaba yarahisemo kwemera agasaba imbabazi, ndetse ko n’uwamutanze abona yaramugiriye neza kuko yamubujije kugera ku mugambi mubisha yari agiye kwishoramo wo kugirira nabi abanyarwanda kubera irari ry’amafaranga.

1 Ingingo ya 52 iteganya ko “ Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere, imanza zaciwe mu rwego rwa mbere n’Urukik Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare n’ingingo ya 105, igika cya 1, ivuga ko : « Guhera igihe iri tegeko ritangiriye gukurikizwa, uretse imanza zatangiye kuburanishwa, imanza zose zitakiri mu bubasha bw’urukiko zaregewe, zohererezwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko »

Page 3

[9] Me Simbizi Fulgence umwunganira avuga ko Ndayambaje Bernard yemera icyaha, agasobanura neza uko cyakozwe ndetse akavuga amazina y’abasore yari yashatse ngo boherezwe mu mutwe wa FDLR, uko kwemera icyaha kwe mu buryo bwuzuye akaba asanga bigize impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ndayambaje Bernard atagomba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 77 n’iya 78 z’Itegeko-Ngenga N°01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, kuko yemeye icyaha ku rwego rwa nyuma, nyamara ingingo ya 77 n’iya 78 z’Itegeko-Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru zikaba zigaragaza neza igihe uwemera icyaha agomba kubikora kugirango ashobore kugabanyirizwa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 76 y’Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 2/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha ryakurikizwaga ubwo Ngiruwonsanga Viateur yakoraga ibyaha aregwa iteganya ko : “Umucamanza ubwe aha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ari izakibanjirije, ari izagiherekeje cyangwa izagikurikiye”2. [12] Ingingo ya 77, agace ka 4 k’iryo tegeko-Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko:« Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo (…) icyaha cyakozwe nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje ». [13] Inyandiko ziri muri dosiye, zigaragaza ko mu Bugenzacyaha, Ndayambaje Bernard yasobanuye uburyo yatangiye gukorana na FDLR mu mwaka wa 2010, ubwo we na Oscar bahawe ubutumwa na Kavutse bwo gushaka abasore bo kohereza muri FDLR, nyuma yo kumwemerera kumuha 300.000Frw, kumusubiza mu ishuri no kumuha moto, ko kandi afatanije na Emmanuel wo ku Gikongoro, yari yashishikarije kujya muri FDLR abitwa Musabyimana Sylvestre, Biziyaremye, Emmanuel, Uwamahoro na Manirabaruta (C.5-8), ibi bisobanuro akaba yaranabitanze mu Bushinjacyaha (C.13-15). [14] Inyandiko ziri muri dosiye kandi zigaragaza ko Ndayambaje Bernard yaburanye ahakana icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yabitewe n’inkoni, mu kirego cye gisubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya aho yavugaga ko yemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza kubera inkoni ndetse akaba yari yanatanze

n’inyandiko y’ubujurire muri uru Rukiko ahakana ibyaha akurikiranyweho. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko Ndayambaje Bernard muri uru Rukiko yarisubiyeho aburana yemera ibyaha aregwa agasobanura neza uko yinjiye mu bikorwa byo gushakira FDLR abasore bagombaga koherezwa muri uwo mutwe, ariko uko kwemera kwe akaba yaragutewe n’uko yabonaga inzira zose amaze kugerageza, harimo no gusubirishamo ingingo nshya, ntacyo zimumariye, ko ntaho yahungira icyaha cyari cyamaze kumuhama kubera imvugo ze zemera icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza. [16] Urukiko rukaba rusanga uko kwemera kwe kutarimo kwicuza ububi bw’ibyaha yakoze, ukurikije iyi myitwarire yamuranze haba ubwo yaburanaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, ubwo yatangaga ubujurire bwe mu nyandiko, ndetse akanasubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, hose akaba

2 Iyo ngingo ya 76 ni nayo ihura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 58 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 iteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “ umucamanza ubwe ari we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro

Page 4

yaragamije guhakana icyaha akurikiranyweho, kubw’ibyo Urukiko rukaba rusanga uko kwemera kwe kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ariko mu bushishozi bwarwo, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 77, agace ka 4 k’Itegeko-Ngenga Nº 01/2012/OL ryavuzwe haruguru, rukwiye kugabanyiriza Ndayambaje Bernard igihano kubera ko icyaha yakoze cyo gukangurira abasore bagenzi be kujya mu mutwe wa FDLR kitageze ku ntego yacyo kuko abo yabikanguriye bose nta n’umwe wigeze ajya muri FDLR, ahubwo umwe muri bo akaba yaramuvuyemo akamurega, maze bikamutesha kugera ku mugambi we mubi ; bityo icyaha kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. Iki gitekerezo akaba ari nacyo cyashingiweho mu rubanza RPA 0196/11/CS aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeye kugabanya igihano kubera ko icyaha Mukantagara Séraphine na Nsanzimana Antoine bakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje.3 [18] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Ndayambaje Bernard yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kigomba kugabanywa, bityo akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RP 0021/14/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 19/05/2015, ihindutse ku birebana n’igihano. [20] Ruhanishije Ndayambaje Bernard igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [21] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

3 Urubanza RPA 0196/11/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 15/11/2013 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2, 2014, cyasohotse mu Ukwakira, 2014