NDAYAMBAJE v. GATETE

# NDAYAMBAJE v. GATETE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-06-03 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0043/09/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

## Text

## Page 1

NDAYAMBAJE v. GATETE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – 2011 SC – RCOMA 0043/09/CS (Nyirinkwaya, P.J., Mukandamage na Kanyange, J.) 03 Kamena 2011] Amategeko y’ubucuruzi – Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikinyabiziga – Amasezerano akozwe kuburyo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye –.Iyo impande zombi zagiranye amasezerano y’umwenda n’uburyo uzishyurwa, umwe muri bo ntiyashingira kubyo yiyemereye gukora murwego rwo kugabanya umwenda amufitiye ngo avuge ko hari andi masezerano bongeye gukorana kandi atarasabye ko aya mbere aseswa cyangwa ngo agire icyo akora agaruza icyagurishijwe kiri mu masezerano ashingiraho, Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyiraho urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano, ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa, Ingingo ya 33. Amategeko y’ubucuruzi – Kwishyura umwenda remezo n’inyungu – Mugihe impande zombi zumvikanye kubwishyu bw’umwenda remezo n’inyungu ariko ntizigaragaze uko inyungu zakomeje kubarwa n’igihe zarangiriye kwishyurwa, Urukiko rushingiye ku miterere y’amasezerano rushobora kugena igihe zikwiye kubarirwaho. Amategeko y’ubucuruzi – Indishyi ziregewe mu Rukiko rwajuririwe – Nta muburanyi wahabwa indishyi mu gihe zitigeze ziregerwa ngo zinasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rwaburanishije urubanza zishamikiyeho, Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, Ingingo ya 168 Igika cya mbere. Incamake y’ikibazo: 1.Uwajuriye yarezwe n’uregwa mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo umwenda n’inyungu zawo zikomoka ku masezerano y’ubugure bw’amakamyo abiri bagiranye. Urukiko rwemeje ko uwajuriye yishyura ingano y’umwenda wari waregewe, rumutegeka no kwishyura inyungu n’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza. Uwajuriye yajurirye mu Rukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri bimwe. Yarongeye kandi ajuririra urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko rwibeshye mu kwemeza umwenda uwajuriye abereyemo uregwa. Avuga na none ko mu kugena indishyi, Urukiko rwashingiye ku bintu bitumvikana kuko nta kosa uwajuriye yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Kuba kuwa 11/2/2000 impande zombi zarakoze inyandiko yiswe “ attestation de créance” aho uwajuriye yemeye ko yaguze n’uregwa amakamyo 2 no kuwa 16/3/2001 bagakora indi yiswe “icyemezo cy’umwenda aho uwajuriye yemeye ko arimo uregwa undi mwenda w’amafaranga y’inyungu akomoka ku nguzanyo ya Banki n’amafaranga y’urugendo. Nk’uko bigaragazwa rero n’izo nyandiko ziri muri dosiye, bigaragara ko amasezerano yabaye hagati y’uwajuriye n’uregwa ari amwe ku makamyo yombi aho kuba abiri atandukanye nk’uko ababuranira uwajuriye babyemeza. 2. Amasezerano ashobora guseswa ari uko impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. Kuba uwajuriye avuga ko

## Page 2

amasezerano yagiranye n’uwarezwe yasheshwe n’uko ku wa 28/11/2002 uwarezwe yagurishije imwe mu makamyo ntashingiro byahabwa kuko ikamyo imwe yagurishijwe impande zombi zabyumvikanyeho. Byongeye kandi ntacyo uwajuriye yigeze akora mu rwego rwo kuyigaruza ndetse n’impande zombi ntizigezege zisesa amasezerano zagiranye; bityo akaba agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya. 3. Igihe cyo kubara inyungu gishobora gushyirwaho n’Urukiko mu gihe rwamaze gusuzuma imiterere y’amasezerano. Bityo kuba uwajuriye yaremeye kuriha umwenda n’inyungu za Banki uwarezwe yafashemo umwenda n’ubwo atagaragaza uko izo nyungu zakomeje kubarwa bigaragara ko impande zombi zumvikanye ko ku mwenda remezo haziyongeraho n’izo nyungu. Kuko kandi ubusanzwe imyenda y’imodoka itangwa ku gihe gito kitagombye kurenza imyaka 5, akaba ariyo ikwiye kubarirwaho inyungu. Uwajuriye akishyura uregwa 55.831.871 Frw hiyongereyeho amafaranga 1.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza yagenwe mu bushishozi n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rwajuririwe. 4. Ku rwego rw’ubujuririre ntihashobora kuregerwa ikirego gishya, keretse kuregera guhwanya imyenda, cyangwa gutanga ikirego cyo kwiregura ku kirego cy’ibanze cyatanzwe mu rwego rw’ubujurire. Uwajuriye rero ntagomba kwishyura uregwa indishyi zingana na 9.592.967 Frw kuko mu kirego cyatanzwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo izo ndishyi zitari zaregewe, zikaba rero zitagomba gusuzumwa mu bujurire. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama aherereye ku uwajuriye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, Ingingo ya 168 Igika cya mbere. Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rishyiraho urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano, ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa, Ingingo ya 33. Nta manza zifashishijwe: Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Gatete Gaspard yareze Ndayambaje J. Damascène mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo umwenda w’ama “euros” 80.420.359 (157.288,55 DM) ahwanye n’amafaranga y’amanyarwanda 56.294.259 n’inyungu zayo, ukomoka ku masezerano y’ubuguzi bw’amakamyo abiri bagiranye. [2] Urwo rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Ndayambaje Damascène aha Gatete Gaspard 56.294.259 Frw y’umwenda remezo, 29.924.959 Frw y’inyungu na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 87.219.218 Frw, runategeka ko habaho

## Page 3

irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo kuri 56.294.259 Frw, agatanga n’umusogongero wa Leta n’amagarama y’urubanza. [3] Ku bujurire bwa Ndayambaje, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri bimwe, rumutegeka kwishyura Gatete amafaranga yose hamwe 93.540.129 Frw, akayatangira umusogongero wa Leta, akishyura n’amagarama y’urubanza. [4] Mu izina rya Ndayambaje, Me Bizimana Shoshi yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko rwibeshye mu kwemeza umwenda Ndayambaje abereyemo Gatete, kuko amasezerano y’ubuguzi bw’ikamyo imwe yasheshwe na Gatete ubwe yisubiza iyo kamyo arayigurisha batabyumvikanyeho, kandi ariyo yari ishingiro ry’umwenda n’inyungu ziwukomokaho. Avuga na none ko mu kugena indishyi, Urukiko rwashingiye ku bintu bitumvikana kuko nta kosa Ndayambaje yakoze. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 12/4/2011, Ndayambaje aburanirwa na Me Rwagatare Janvier, Me Bizimana Shoshi, Me Buhuru Pierre Célestin na Me Rwabusaza Thierry, naho Gatete aburanirwa na Me Rwihandagaza Richard. II.IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1.Kuba Gatete yaragurishije imwe mu makamyo yari yaragurishije Ndayambaje, byatumye amasezerano aseswa ? [6] Ababuranira Ndayambaje bavuga ko ubwo Gatete yari mu Budage mu mwaka wa 1997 yagiranye amasezerano na Ndayambaje amugurisha ikamyo ku giciro cya 50.000 DM (deutsche marks) arayishyura hasigara umwenda wa 1.000.000 Frw, uwo mwenda akaba awemera. Nyuma ngo habaye andi masezerano, amugurisha indi kamyo ku giciro cya 90.000 DM. Bavuga ko ayo masezerano ya kabiri yaje guseswa na Gatete, abonye Ndayambaje agiye muri Amerika atekereza ko atazamwishyura, maze agurisha ikamyo ku wa 28/11/2002 batabyumvikanyeho, bakaba basanga rero Gatete ntacyo agomba kwishyuza, haba umwenda remezo cyangwa inyungu kuko iyo kamyo ariyo byose byari bishingiyeho. [7] Basobanura ko icyo banenga urubanza rwajuririwe ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rwafatiye hamwe ayo masezerano yombi kandi atandukanye, rwemeza ko Ndayambaje agomba kwishyura umwenda remezo n’inyungu hirengagijwe ingingo za 44, 45 na 302 z’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, kuko Ndayambaje atigeze yihanangirizwa na Gatete (mis en demeure), ikindi kandi Gatete akaba ari we wabaye intambamyi ku masezerano bagiranye agurisha ikamyo yari yagurishije Ndayambaje, aho wiyambaza inkiko ngo ziyasese nk’uko ingingo ya 82 y’icyo gitabo ibitegenya. [8] Uburanira Gatete we avuga ko hatabayeho imyenda ibiri, ko ahubwo umwenda ari umwe ukaba ugaragarira mu nyandiko yabaye tariki ya 11/2/2000 hagati y’impande zombi imbere ya “notaire” yiswe “attestation de créance” n’indi yiswe “icyemezo cy’umwenda” yo ku wa 16/3/2001. Izo nyandiko ngo zigaragaza ibiciro by’amakamyo abiri mu mafaranga yo mu Budage n’inyungu bumvikanyeho, ariko Ndayambaje ntiyishyura, bituma inyungu ziba nyinshi, akaba rero ntaho yashingira ahakana umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo.

## Page 4

[9] Ku byerekeranye no kugurisha ikamyo, avuga ko Gatete yagurishije ari uko Ndayambaje atanze uburenganzira kuko atari mu Rwanda, amwandikira asobanura uburyo atashoboye kwishyura, amusaba kureba uko bayigurisha ku giciro kiri ku isoko kugira ngo ideni rigabanukeho gatoya, ko rero na mbere ko iyo kamyo igurishwa tariki ya 28/11/2002, Ndayambaje yemeraga ko amurimo umwenda atishyuye. Asanga rero amasezerano atarasheshwe nk’uko ababuranira Ndayambaje babiburanisha. [10] Nk’uko impande zombi zibyemeranywaho, mu ntangiriro, Ndayambaje na Gatete bagiranye amasezerano atanditse, Gatete amugurisha ikamyo ku giciro cya 50.000 DM, nyuma amugurisha indi ku giciro cya 90.000 DM. [11] Urukiko rurasanga ariko tariki ya 11/2/2000 impande zombi zarakoze inyandiko yiswe “ attestation de créance” aho Ndayambaje yemeye ko yaguze kwa Gatete amakamyo 2 ku giciro hamwe cya 140.000 DM, yiyemeza kwishyura ayo mafaranga n’inyungu z’ubukererwe Gatete yagombaga kwishyura muri Banki yo mu Budage yitwa Kreissparkasse Kaiserslautern, hiyongereyeho igihembo cya avoka, n’amafaranga y’ubwikorezi, havanwamo amafaranga yari amaze kwishyura kugeza icyo gihe,hasigara umwenda wa 144.718,58 DM, maze bagena uburyo azagenda awishyura mu yindi nyandiko yiswe “ Modalités de paiement”. Nyuma habayeho indi nyandiko ku wa 16/3/2001 yiswe “icyemezo cy’umwenda” aho Ndayambaje yemeye ko arimo Gatete undi mwenda w’amafaranga y’inyungu akomoka ku nguzanyo ya Banki angana na 10.665 DM yabazwe hagati y’itariki ya 1/1/2000 n’iya 31/3/2001, n’amafaranga y’urugendo angana na 1.905 DM, yose hamwe akaba 12.570 DM yiyongera kuyo yemeye mu cyemezo cy’umwenda (attestation de créance) cyavuzwe. Umwenda wose rero wabaye 157.288,55 DM, akaba ari wo uburanwa muri uru rubanza. [12] Nk’uko bigaragazwa rero n’izo nyandiko ziri muri dosiye, bigaragara ko amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Ndayambaje na Gatete ari amwe ku makamyo yombi aho kuba abiri atandukanye nk’uko abamuburanira babyemeza. [13] Ku byerekeranye n’uko ayo masezerano yaba yarasheshwe n’uko ku wa 28/11/2002 Gatete yagurishije imwe mu makamyo yagurishije Ndayambaje, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko mbere y’uko igurishwa, impande zombi zabyumvikanyeho. Mu nyandiko Ndayamabaje yandikiye Gatete ku wa 08/08/2001 (e-mail) mu rwego rwo gushaka gukemura ikibazo cy’umwenda n’inyungu, kandi na Ndayambaje akaba atayihakana, Ndayambaje yamubwiye ko abonye umuguzi wabaha 5.000.000 Frw kuri iyo kamyo yari yarasigiye uwitwa Bona n’umushoferi, yayafata kuko ntawabarengereza 6.000.000 Frw bitewe n’uko yari imeze. [14] Ikindi kigaragaza ko igurishwa ry’iyo kamyo ryumvikanyweho n’impande zombi n’uko ntacyo Ndayambaje yigeze akora mu rwego rwo kuyigaruza mu gihe hari inyandiko yakoze yemera kwishyura ikiguzi cyayo. [15] Kuba rero ayo masezerano atarasheshwe, impande zombi zigomba kuyubahiriza nta buryarya nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, Ndayambaje akishyura umwenda abereyemo Gatete ukomoka ku modoka yamugurishije.

## Page 5

2. Kumenya umwenda remezo n’inyungu zigomba kwishyurwa na Ndayambaje. [16] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, ababuranira Ndayambaje bemera gusa umwenda wa 1.000.000 Frw yasigaye ku ikamyo yaguze bwa mbere, naho umwenda w’ikamyo ya kabiri bakavuga ko Gatete ntacyo agomba kumwishyuza kuko yasheshe amasezerano bari bagiranye. Bongeraho ko mu rubanza rwajuririwe, urukiko rwagaragaje mu ngingo ya 35 ku rupapuro rwa 6 ko Gatete atagaragaje umwenda remezo ushingirwaho mu kubara inyungu. [17] Uburanira Gatete avuga ko amasezerano atasheshwe, ko kandi Urukiko rwibeshye ruvuga ko umwenda remezo utagaragajwe, kuko haregewe umwenda remezo ungana na “euros” 80.420,359 (157.288,55 DM) cyangwa 56.294.259 Frw uyavunje mu manyarwanda. Yongeraho ko hari amakosa yakozwe mu kubara umwenda n’inyungu agomba gukosorwa, umwenda wose n’inyungu kugeza urubanza rusomwe ukaba ungana na 123.616.614 Frw. [18] Ku byerekeranye n’umwenda remezo, Urukiko rurasanga umwenda waregewe ari 56.294.259 Frw ukaba ugomba kuvanwamo 3.000.000 Frw y’ikiguzi cy’ikamyo agaragara mu masezerano y’ubugure yabaye hagati ya Gatete n’uwitwa Ngango Charles ku wa 28/11/2002, hagasigara umwenda wa 53.294.259 Frw. [19] Ku byerekeye inyungu z’uwo mwenda, Urukiko rurasanga mu masezerano yavuzwe haruguru, Ndayambaje yaremeye kuriha umwenda n’inyungu za Banki yo mu Budage Gatete yafashemo umwenda. N’ubwo ariko Gatete atagaragaza uko izo nyungu zakomeje kubarwa kuva tariki ya 1/4/2001 n’igihe zarangiriye kwishyurwa, bigaragara ko impande zombi zumvikanye ko ku mwenda remezo haziyongeraho n’izo nyungu. Kuba ariko izo nyungu zabarwa kugera igihe uru rubanza rusomewe, urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko ubusanzwe imyenda y’imodoka itangwa ku gihe gito kitagombye kurenza imyaka 5, akaba ariyo ikwiye kubarirwaho inyungu mu buryo bukurikira: 53.294.259 Frw x 9,99 x iminsi 1800 = 26.620.482 Frw iminsi 360 x100Umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo ni 53.294.259 Frw + 26.620.482 Frw = 79.914.741 Frw. Muri ayo mafaranga hagomba gukurwamo 24.082.870 Frw Ndayambaje yishyuye nk’uko uburanira Gatete abyemera mu mibare yashyikirije Urukiko, hagasigara umwenda wa 55.831.871 Frw Ndayambaje agomba kwishyura Gatete hiyongereyeho amafaranga 1.000.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza yagenwe mu bushishozi n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rwajuririwe. 3. Ku byerekeye indishyi zagenwe n’Urukiko mu rubanza rwajuririwe. [20] Ababuranira Ndayambaje bavuga ko Urukiko rwageneye indishyi Gatete kandi rutagaragaza ikosa yakoze rituma azicibwa. [21] Uburanira Gatete avuga ko izo ndishyi zakomeza kubarwa kugeza urubanza rusomwe, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 45 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kuko Ndayambaje yari afite inshingano yo kwishyura amafaranga yaguze kamyo na Gatete ntiyabikora mu gihe yari yiyemeje. [22] Urukiko rurasanga koko mu rubanza rwajuririwe, urukiko rwarabaze indishyi Ndayambaje agomba kwishyura Gatete zingana na 9.592.967 Frw ariko rukaba rutaragombaga kuzitanga kuko mu kirego cyatanzwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo izo ndishyi zitari zaregewe, zikaba rero zitagomba gusuzumwa mu bujurire, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 168 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/06/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza

## Page 6

z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ku rwego rw’ubujuririre hadashobora kuregerwa ikirego gishya, keretse kuregera guhwanya imyenda, cyangwa gutanga ikirego cyo kwiregura ku kirego cy’ibanze cyatanzwe mu rwego rw’ubujurire. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndayambaje bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [24] Rutegetse Ndayambaje kwishyura Gatete Gaspard 55.831.871 Frw y’umwenda n’inyungu na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 56.831.871 Frw. [25] Rumutegetse gutanga umusogongero wa Leta wa 4% w’ayo mafaranga uhwanye na 2.273.275 Frw. [26] Rumutegetse na none kwishyura amafaranga 50.400 Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza, atayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi 8, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta.