NDIZIHIWE N’UNDI v. MUDAKEMWA N’ABANDI

# NDIZIHIWE N’UNDI v. MUDAKEMWA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-02-12 - Case/document no.: RCAA 0136/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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NDIZIHIWE N’UNDI v. MUDAKEMWA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA– RCAA 0136/11/CS (Rugege, P.J., Mugenzi na Munyangeri N., J.) 14 Gashyantare 2014] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubujurire – Kureka ikirego cy’ubujurire ku cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma – Uwajuriye afite uburenganzira bwo kureka ubujurire bwe n’iyo uwarezwe atabyemera – Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 26. Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Indishyi ku gihombo gitewe n’ikirego cy’ubujurire kiretswe n’umuburanyi – Uwarezwe mu bujurire afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ibyo yatanze kubera ubujurire yari yarezwemo n’uwaje kubureka – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Incamake y’ikibazo:Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo bamaze kubona ko ubujurire bwabo butakiriwe kubera ko umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga yasanze bwaratanzwe bukererewe, bajuririye icyo cyemezo ariko nyuma bandikira Urukiko bavuga ko baretse ubwo bujurire. Mudakemwa na bagenzi be baregwaga mu bujurire bemera ko kureka ubujurire ari uburenganzira bw’umuburanyi, ariko bakavuga ko bitababuza guhabwa indishyi zishingiye ku gihombo batewe no gukurikirana urwo rubanza no guhemba Avoka. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Nta cyatumauwatanze ikirego atemererwa kukireka, mu gihe abikoze mu nzira zemewe n’amategeko, kabone n’iyo uwo baburana atabyemera, kuko ari uburenganzira yemererwa n’itegeko. 2. Indishyi zisabwa n’abaregwa mu bujurire ntizishingiye ku kiburanwa ahubwo zishingiye ku gihombo batewe n’ibyo batanze kubera ubujurire bari barezwemo, uwari wajuriye akaza kubureka. Bakwiriye kuzihabwa bitabaye ngombwa ko bajya gutangiza urundi rubanza kuri izo ndishyi. Abajuriye bemerewe kureka ubujurire. Abaregwa bahawe indishyiz’igihembo cy’avokan’ikurikiranarubanza. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku bajuriye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko no 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 26. Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Nta manza zashingiweho. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA:

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[1] Nyuma y’uko Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo bajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga urubanza RCA188/10/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, haburanwa izungura ry’umutungo wasizwe na Rusigariye, umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma yemeje, ku wa 11/11/2011, ko ubwo bujurire butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe bukerewe. [2] Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo bajuririye icyo cyemezo cy’ibanzirizasuzuma, ariko nyuma, mu ibaruwa yabo yo kuwa 04/12/2013, bamenyesha Urukiko ko baretse ubujurire, bashingiye ku ngingo ya 26 y’itegeko no 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanzaz’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [3] Abaregwa mu bujurire, aribo Mudakemwa, Mukarutura na Nyiransekanabo bo bavuga ko batemera ko abajuriye bareka ikirego, mu gihe nabo bari baratanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi kuwa 10/10/2013 basaba indishyi z’igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikirana rubanza. [4] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 14/01/2014, abarega mu bujurire bahagarariwe na Me Habyarimana Christine naho abaregwa bahagarariwe na Me Uwimana Shani. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZEURUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO [5] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ukureka ikirego kw’abajuriye kwakwemerwa, nyuma habe hanasuzumwa niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’uregwa mbere y’uko uwajuriye areka ikirego, bwakwakirwa mu gihe ukureka ikirego kwakwemerwa. Ku bijyanye n’iyemerwa ry’ukureka ikirego. [6] Uburanira abajuriye avuga ko bahisemo kureka ikirego bashingiye ku ngingo ya 26 y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, akaba asanga bakwiye kubyemererwa nta kindi basabwe, kuko itegeko rivuga ko bitari ngombwa ko uwo baburana abyemera. Uburanira abaregwa nawe yemera ko ukwemererwa kureka ikirego ari uburenganzira bw’uwagitanze, ariko ko bitabuza abaregwaga kugira indishyi basaba. [7] Ingingo ya 26 y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko kureka ikirego ari ukwiyambura ububasha n’uburenganzira umuntu yari afite bwo gukomeza gukurikirana ikirego cye, ukwemera kw’undi muburanyi kukaba atari ngombwa. [8] Urukiko rurasanga, hashingiwe kuri iyo ngingo y’itegeko, nta cyatuma uwatanze ikirego atemererwa kukireka, mu gihe abikoze mu nzira zemewe n’amategeko, kabone n’iyo uwo baburana atabyemera, kuko ari uburenganzira yemererwa n’itegeko, bityo rero Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo bakaba bemerewe kureka ubujurire bwabo. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa n’abaregwaga. [9] Me Habyarimana uburanira Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo avuga ko ukureka ikirego nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 26 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza

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z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi bitagomba ko undi muburanyi abyemera. [10] Avuga ko n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’abo baburana butabuza ko ukureka ikirego kwemerwa, kuko ubwo bujurire ari ubushamikiye ku kirego cy’ibanze, mu gihe rero ba nyiracyo bakiretse ubwo bujurire butaba bugisuzumwe, ndetse ingingo ya 167 y’itegeko rishya ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ikaba isobanura, mu gika cyayo cya gatatu, ko iyo ubujurire bw’ibanze butakiriwe, ubujurire bubwuririyeho nabwo budashobora kwakirwa. [11] Asobanura ko niba abo baburana bashaka kwishyuza indishyi bifuzaga kwaka, batanga ikirego cy’ibanze bashingiye ku ngingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano bagaragaza ibyo baba barangirijwe ku makosa ya Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo. [12] Me Uwimana Shani uburanira Mudakemwa, Mukarutura na Nyiransekanabo baregwaga mu bujurire we avuga ko n’ubwo ingingo ya 26 ivuga ko ukwemera kw’undi muburanyi bitari ngombwa kugira ngo ushaka kureka ikirego abyemererwe n’Urukiko, hadakwiye kwirengagizwa igihombo uwaregwaga aba yaratejwe mu gukurikirana urubanza no guhemba avoka, anavuga ko muri uru Rukiko hari imanza zaciwe zikagena indishyi z’igihombo nk’icyo. [13] Asobanura ko abo aburanira bashyizeho avoka abakorera imyanzuro yo kwiregura, bamuhemba 1.000.000 frw, hatabariwemo ibyo batanze ku ikurikiranarubanza, kuko baje ku Rukiko rw’Ikirenga incuro zigera kuri eshatu baturuka ku Gisenyi, ari yo mpamvu basaba ko bakwishyurwa 2.500.000 frw, akubiyemo igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, cyane ko abaretse ikirego babikoze nyuma y’uko abo baburana batanze imyanzuro yabo. [14] Ku kibazo cyo kuba abaregwaga mu bujurire bashobora gutangiza ikirego kigamije kwaka indishyi z’ibyo batanze mu guhemba avoka no gukurikirana urubanza, Me Uwimana avuga ko byaba ari ukubarushya no kwirengagiza ko bamaze igihe kirekire basiragira. [15] Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe ibisobanuro by’abaregwaga mu bujurire nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, indishyi basaba atari izishingiye ku cyaburanwaga, ahubwo ari izijyanye gusa n’ibyo batanze bitewe n’ubujurire bari barezwemo (costs) bikaba byumvikana ko, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’Amategeko Mbonezamubano, byabateje igihombo giturutse kuri icyo kirego cy’ubujurire, bakaba rero bakwiye kwishyurwa ibyo batanze muri urwo rwego, bitabaye ngombwa ko bajya gutangiza urubanza kuri izo ndishyi. [16] Ku bijyanye n’urugero rw’indishyi basaba, Urukiko rurasanga, nta bimenyetso byakwiringirwa bagaragaje byerekana ko amafaranga 2.500.000 ari yo batanze koko ku gihembo cya avoka n’ikurikirana rubanza, bakaba rero bagenerwa, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, 500.000 frw y’igihembo cya avoka bose, na 200.000 frw buri wese y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 1.100.000 frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeye ukureka ubujurire kwa Ndizihiwe na Nyirabihogo;

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[18] Rubategetse kwishyura Mudakemwa, Mukarutura na Nyiransekanabo indishyi z’ibyo batanze biturutse kuri ubwo bujurire, zihwanye na 1.100.000 frw, akubiyemo 500.000 frw y’igihembo cya avoka, na 600.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza. [19] Rubategetse kwishyura buri wese icya ½ cy’amagarama y’uru rubanza, ahwanye na 48.250 frw, ni ukuvuga 24.125 frw buri wese.