NSENGIYUMVA vs COPEDU Plc N’ABANDI

# NSENGIYUMVA vs COPEDU Plc N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-25 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00448/2022/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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NSENGIYUMVA vs COPEDU Plc N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00448/2022/HCC (Noheli, P.J., ) 25 Nyakanga 2022] Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugwate – Ingwate – Cyamunara – Cyamunara ishingiye ku masezerano y’ubugwate yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko irahagarikwa – Ingwate ihabwa banki yatanzwe ku mutungo w’abashakanye igira agaciro iyo inyandiko yose cyangwa ubundi buryo bukoreshejwe mu kuyakira biriho umukono wabo bombi cyangwa igihe hariho igihamya ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati yabo kugira ngo iyo ngwate itangwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco avuga ko umugore we yatije sosiyete Active General Trading Ltd umutungo wabo ugizwe n’inzu kugirango ibe ingwate, maze ihabwa inguzanyo na COPEDU, akavuga ko atabigizemo uruhare kandi barashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. Nyuma yaho, iyi sosiyete yahawe inguzanyo yananiwe kwishyura bituma uwatanze inguzanyo afata icyemezo cyo kugurisha iyo ngwate mu cyamunara. Nsengiyumva avuga ko amaze kubona itangazo rya cyamunara, yaratunguwe maze atanga ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arega COPEDU, umuhesha w’inkiko hamwe na Rudasingwa Jeanine asaba kuyihagarikisha, uru Rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite, bityo ko cyamunara itagomba guhagarara. Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ntabwo yishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, maze arujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko urukiko rubanza rwirengagije nkana ibimenyetso n’amategeko bigizwe na attestation de mariage igaragaza ko yashakanye ivangamutungo rusange n’umugore we kuko atigeze atanga uburenganzira bw’uko umutungo wabo watangwaho ingwate. Uwareze avuga kandi ko mu bimenyetso atanga harimo inyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha (Acte d’Accusation / Inductement) yatanzwe muri dossier aho ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza ko hari raporo yakozwe na Kigali Forensic Laboratory (KFL) yemeza ko izo nyandiko abaregwa bashingiraho ari impimbano, asaba Urukiko gutegeka ko cyamunara yari iteganyijwe yaba ihagaritswe. COPEDU Plc yiregura ivuga ko nta kwirengagiza ibimenyetso nkana kwabayeho nkuko urega abivuga kuko umurongo urukiko rwahaye ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe byakoranwe ubushishozi, ivuga kandi ko attestation de célibat yatanzwe na Rudaingwa Jeanine ifite ishingiro kuko yatanzwe n’ubifitiye ububasha. Uwari ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate nawe yiregura avuga ko kuba uwatanze ingwate yiyemerera ko yari imwanditseho wenyine bigaragaza ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco nta shingiro bufite. Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco avuga kandi ko abaregwa bakoze uburiganya mu gushaka kwegukana umutungo kuko impapuro za ngombwa yawutangiyeho zari impimbano, bakaba kandi barahamwe nicyo cyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano mu manza nshinjabyaha, bityo ko asaba cyamunara guhagarikwa.

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COPEDU Plc ivuga ko uwatanze ingwate yayihaye icyagombwa cy’umutungo kigaragaza ko ari uwe 100% ndetse anayiha icyangombwa yahawe n’umukozi wabiherewe ububasha kigaragaza ko ari ingaragu bigaragazwa na attestation de célibat, ayo masezerano yo gutiza ingwate akaba yarashyizweho umukono kandi akorerwa imbere ya noteri w’ubutaka. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ingwate ihabwa banki yatanzwe ku mutungo w’abashakanye igira agaciro iyo inyandiko yose cyangwa ubundi buryo bukoreshejwe mu kuyakira biriho umukono wabo bombi cyangwa igihe hariho igihamya ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati yabo kugira ngo iyo ngwate itangwe. 2. Amasezerano y’ubukode burambye y’umutungo hamwe n’icyangombwa cyo kuba ingaragu ubwabyo ntibyahesha umwe mu bashakanye mu buryo bwivangamutungo gutiza ingwate umutungo uwo bashakanye atabigizemo uruhare kuko umutungo wose wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo w’abashyingiranywe. 3. Uhawe ingwate afite inshingano zo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo amenye neza niba utanga ingwate afite cyangwa adafite uwo bashakanye. 4. Icyemezo cyo kuba ingaragu ntabwo cyasimbura inyandiko y’iyishyingirwa (acte de marriage) kandi ari inyandiko y’irangamimerere (acte de l’état civil) ihamya ibintu bimwe by’ingenzi mu biranga umuntu mu muryango no mu Gihugu mu byerekeranye no kugira uburenganzira mbonezamubano no kubukoresha. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, ingingo ya 6; Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, ingingo ya 5. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco avuga ko yatunguwe no kubona itangazo ryo guteza cyamunara umutungo ugizwe n’inzu iri mu kibanza kibaruwe kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 asangiye n’ugore we Rudasingwa Jeanine bashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. Avuga ko Rudasingwa Jeanine yatije uwo mutungo Active General Trading Ltd atabigizemo uruhare maze ihabwa na COPEDU Plc inguzanyo. Iyo nguzanyo ntabwo yishyuwe nk’uko byateganyijwe, bituma COPEDU Plc ifata icyemezo cyo kugurisha iyo ngwate mu cyamunara nyuma yo guhabwa uburenganzira n’Umwanditsi Mukuru washyizeho Bajeneza Gervais nk’ushinzwe kuyigurisha mu cyamunara.

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[2] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco avuga kandi ko kuwa 18/03/2022 habaye urubanza RC 00043/2021/TGI/NGMA rwemeje ko uwo mutungo ushyizwe mu mutungo rusange w’abasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange ahuriyeho na Rudasingwa Jeanine. Asaba ko cyamunara kuri uwo mutungo ihagarara kuko atashyize umukono ku masezerano awutiza Active General Trading Ltd nk’ingwate muri COPEDU Plc ahubwo ko byakozwe n’umugore we wenyine. Avuga kandi ko yifuza ko urukiko rwahagarika cyamunara gusa kuko ngo ibigaragara mu kirego byo kuyitesha agaciro ari ukwibeshya. [3] COPEDU Plc ivuga ko kuwa 31/08/2021 habaye amasezerano yiswe “amasezerano y’iguriza n’itangwa ry’ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554” yashyizweho umukono na COPEDU Plc yatanze inguzanyo ihwanye na 35.000.000 FRW, Active General Trading Ltd yahawe inguzanyo na Rudasingwa Jeanine watije ingwate. Ivuga ko Rudasingwa Jeanine yayishyikirije icyangombwa kigaragaza ko ari ingaragu n’icy’uko uwo mutungo ari uwe 100%. Ivuga ko urubanza RC 00043/2021/TGI/NGMA ruvugwa na Nsengiyumva Sbena Bosco rudatesha agaciro amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate n’amasezerano y’ingwate; bityo ko cyamunara yakomeza cyane ko Rudasingwa Jeanine ngo yabajijwe n’urukiko, akemera ko yasinye ayo masezerano yo gutiza ingwate. [4] Bajeneza Gervais avuga ko Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco atabashije kugaragaza amategeko yishe mu mihango ya cyamunara kuko ngo nta mpamvu n’imwe agaragaza iteganyijwe n’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi yatuma icyamunara ihagarara. [5] Mu rubanza RCOM 00904/2022/TC rwaciwe kuwa 22/06/2022, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze mu gusaba ko cyamunara ihagarikwa, Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ashingira ku ngingo ya 260 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ariko ntagaragaza nibura imwe mu mpamvu iyo ngingo iteganya kugira ngo cyamunara ibe yahagarikwa yaba yarashingiweho. Rwasanze na none itegeko riha uwahawe ingwate uburyo bwo kwirinda igihombo ku buryo yagurishwa noneho ubwishyu buvuyemo bugafasha kwishyura umwenda, iyo hari amafaranga asigaye asubizwa nyir’umutungo wagurishijwe. Rwasanze urubanza RC 00043/2021/TGI/NGMA ruvugwa rutarigeze rutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate yo kuwa 31/08/2021 n’amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yo kuwa 17/6/2021 na cyane ko hari icyemezo kigaragaza ko Rudasingwa Jeanine watije ingwate ari ingaragu hamwe n’icy’umutungo yatije cyerekana ko ari uwe 100%. Rwasanze Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco atagomba kwitwaza urwo rubanza ngo yumve ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate agomba guteshwa agaciro, kandi n’amasezerano y’iguriza n’itangwa ry’ingwate ku mutungo uvugwa, atigeze aregerwa nk’inyandikompimbano. [6] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cyihutirwa cya Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco nta shingiro gifite, kandi ko cyamunara iteganyijwe ku mutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 itagomba guhagarara. Rwemeje ndetse rutegeka ko Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco agenera COPEDU Plc na Bajeneza Gervais buri wese amafaranga 500.000 FRW y’igihembo cya avoka wayiburaniye na 100.000 FRW y’ikurikiranarubanza. [7] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ntabwo yishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, maze arujurira avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije nkana ibimenyetso n’amategeko kuko atigeze atanga

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uburenganzira na gato bw’uko umutungo we watangwaho ingwate. Hakaba ngo harirengagijwe ibimenyetso bigizwe n’attestation de mariage igaragaza ko yashakanye ivangamutungo rusange n’umugore we byemewe n’amategeko mu 2007 hamwe n’urubanza rwabaye itegeko rushyira umutungo uvugwa mu mitungo basangiye. Ikindi ngo ni uko n’indishyi zatanzwe zidafite aho zishingiye. Asaba ahubwo ko yahabwa indishyi zitandukanye. [8] COPEDU Plc ivuga ko umurongo urukiko rwahaye ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe byarakoranwe ubushishozi nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. Ibyo bigaragaza ko nta kwirengagiza ibimenyetso nkana kwabayeho. Ivuga kandi ko attestation de célibat yatanzwe na Rudaingwa Jeanine ifite ishingiro kuko yatanzwe n’ubifitiye ububasha kandi nta naho uwajuriye cyagwa nyirayo agaragaza ko atayemera ngo babe baratanze ikirego cy’inyandiko mpimbano ngo bibe byashingirwaho hemenzwa ko COPEDU Plc yemeye ingwate ishingiye ku nyandiko mbimbano. Ikindi ngo ni uko uwajuriye agaragaza ibimenyetso bihuye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [9] Bajeneza Gervais avuga ko attestation de celibat n'icyangombwa cy'ubukode burambye byatanzwe n'inzego zibifiye ububasha bitateshejwe agaciro kubera ko ari ibihimbano. Kuba Rudasingwa Jeanine yiyemerera ko ari we watanze ingwate kandi yari imwanditseho wenyine, ngo bigaragaza ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco nta shingiro bufite. [10] Uru rubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco yunganirwa na Me Butare Godefrey naho COPEDU Plc ihagarariwe na Me Umulisa Alice. Bajeneza Gervais yaburanye yunganiwe na Me Nizeyimana Leopord. Ku bwumvikane bw’ababurana muri uru rubanza, urukiko rwemeje ko Active General Trading Ltd irukurwamo. [11] Muri uru rubanza, ibibazo by’amategeko bisuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira: -Kumenya niba ingwate yatanzwe uwajuriye ayifteho uburenganzira, kandi niba kuba nta ruhare yagize mu itizwa ryayo; byatuma cyamunara yayo ihagarikwa. -Kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rubanza ntaho zashingiye no kumenya ishingiro ry’izisabwa muri uru rubanza. II.ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba ingwate yatanzwe uwajuriye ayifteho uburenganzira, kandi niba kuba nta ruhare yagize mu itizwa ryayo; byatuma cyamunara yayo ihagarikwa [12] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwagaragarijwe ibimenyetso bidashikanywaho byerekana ko atigeze atanga uburenganzira bwo gutanga umutungo we ngo utangwe nk’ingwate ariko rurabyirengagiza. Ibyo bimenyetso ngo bigizwe n’urubanza rwabaye itegeko; attestation de marriage igaragaza neza ko yashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Rudasingwa Jeanine mu 2007 ndetse ko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange. Bavuga ko mu makuru Rudasingwa Jeanine yahaye urukiko, ntaho yemeye ko yasinye ku masezerano y’umwenda no gutiza ingwate nk’uko babivuga gika cya 11 cy’uruanza rujuririrwa, ahubwo yabwiye urukiko ko yasinye form 32 gusa, ko ibindi atabizi.

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Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko rwirengagije nkana amategeko kuko rwagaragarijwe neza ko itegeko riteganya ko ikimenyetso cy’irangamimere, ari Acte ko atari Attestation. [13] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco n’umwunganira bavuga ko abaregwa bakoze uburiganya mu gushaka kwegukana umutungo uvugwa kuko COPEDU Plc bitewe n’uburangare, ubushake cyangwa uburiganya; yahaye Active General Trading Ltd inguzanyo ingana na 35.000.000 FRW ihagarariwe n’uwitwa Munyentwari Emmanuel ariko isanga yayitanze ntaho ishingiye kuko impapuro za ngombwa yawutangiyeho zari impimbano. Ibyo ngo bigaragazwa n’uko kuwa 22/12/2021, COPEDU Plc yatanze ikirego muri RIB irega Munyentwari Emmanuel na Rudasingwa Jeanine nk’umugore w’isezerano w’uwajuriye icyaha cy’inyandiko mpimbano kandi ngo urubanza nshinjabyaha rwagejejwe mu rukiko ndetse ngo rufite no RP 00803/2022/TGI/NYGE, aho uregwa ari Munyentwari Emmanuel akaba aregwa ibyaha bijyanye n’inyandiko mpimbano harimo n’amasezerano COPEDU Plc iri gushingiraho iregesha kandi izi neza ko ari ibihimbano. Biyo rero ngo ntabwo COPEDU Plc yari kurenga kuri ibyo, ngo isabe uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara. [14] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco n’umwunganira bavuga ko Bajeneza Gervais nk’ushinzwe guteza ingwate ngo nyuma yo kumenya ko hari ikibazo ku mutungo ugurishwa mu cyamunara; afatanyije n’abamuhaye akazi, bakomeje amanyanga yo gushaka kwambura nyir’umutungo umutungo we bazi neza ko ikibazo kitari cyacyemuka bakomeza cyamunara. Avuga ko mu bimenyetso atanga harimo inyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha (Acte d’Accusation / Inductement) yatanzwe muri dossier aho ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza ko hari raporo yakozwe na Kigali Forensic Laboratory (KFL) yemeza ko izo nyandiko abaregwa bashingiraho ari impimbano. Basaba Urukiko gutegeka ko cyamunara yari iteganyijwe ku mutungo uvugwa yaba ihagaritswe. [15] Uhagarariye COPEDU Plc avuga ko umurongo urukiko rwahaye ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe byarakoranwe ubushishozi nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa aho rwavuze ko nk’uko byasobanuwe na COPEDU Plc ndetse na Bajeneza Gervais n’umunyamategeko wamwunganiye, urubanza RC 00043/2021/TGI/NGMA rutigeze rutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate yo kuwa 31/08/2021 n’amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yo kuwa 17/6/2021, ndese ko Rudasingwa Jeanine yabajijwe n’urukiko akemera ko yatije ingwate kandi yahaye COPEDU Plc icyagombwa cy’umutungo kigaragaza ko ari uwe 100% ndetse anayiha icyangombwa gitanzwe n’umukozi wabiherewe ububasha kigaragaza ko ari ingaragu. Ikindi ngo ni uko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yo kuwa 17/06/2021 Rudasingwa Jeanine yayashyizeho umukono kandi akorerwa imbere ya noteri w’ubutaka. Urukiko rwasanze Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco atagomba kwitwaza urwo rubanza ngo yumve ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate agomba guteshwa agaciro. Bavuga ko rwavuze kandi ko n’amasezerano y’iguriza n’itangwa ry’ingwate ku mutungo uvugwa, Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco wareze atigeze ayaregera nk’inyandikompimbano, bityo ko atagomba kwirengegiza ko kugeza uyu munsi icyangombwa cy’umutungo uri kugurishwa muri cyamunara cyanditsweho Rudasingwa Jeanine ndese ko kuba barashyingiranywe ariko Rudasingwa Jeanne akagaragariza urukiko ko ari ingaragu ndetse no kuba icyangombwa cy’umutungo cyanditsweho Rudasingwa Jeanine 100% bituma COPEDU Plc igomba kurengerwa. Ibyo ngo bigaragaza ko nta kwirengagiza ibimenyetso nkana kwabayeho.

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[16] Uhagarariye COPEDU Plc akomeza avuga ko attestation de célibat yatanzwe na Rudaingwa Jeannine ifite ishingiro kuko yatanzwe n’ubifitiye ububasha kandi ntanaho uwajuriye cyagwa Rudasingwa Jeanine bagaragaza ko batayemera ngo babe baratanze ikirego cy’inyandiko mpimbano ngo bibe byashingirwaho hemenzwa ko COPEDU Plc yemeye ingwate ishingiye ku nyandiko mbimbano. Ikindi ngo ni uko uwajuriye atagaragaza ibimenyetso bihuye n’ibiteganwa ningingo ya 260 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [17] Bajeneza Gervais n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibyemezo bigizwe na attestation de celibat n'icyangombwa cy'ubukode burambye byatanzwe n'inzego zibifiye ububasha bitateshejwe agaciro kubera ko ari ibihimbano. Kuba Rudasingwa Jeanine yiyemerera ko ari we watanze ingwate kandi yari imwanditseho wenyine, ngo bigaragaza ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco nta shingiro bufite. [18] Mu iburanisha, Bazeneza Gervais yabajijwe aho cyamunara igeze, maze asubiza ko yabaye ayisbitse (suspended) muri systeme mu rwego rwo kugira amakenga (mesure de prudence). Umwunganira avuga ko abonye urubanza ruhagarika cyamunara, yayihagarika; bityo ko bitari ngombwa ko azanwa muri uru rubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura iteganya ko abashyingiranywe bahisemo ivangamutungo rusange bacungira hamwe umutungo wabo, kandi bakagira ububasha bungana bwo kuwukurikirana no kuwuhagararira. Umutungo wose wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo w’abashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. [20] Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujuwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko ingwate ku mutungo w’urugo rw’abashakanye igira agaciro gusa iyo inyandiko yose cyangwa ubundi buryo bukoreshejwe mu kuyakira biriho umukono w’uwatanze ingwate n’umukono w’uwo bashakanye babana muri uwo mutungo cyangwa igihe hariho igihamya ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati yabo kugira ngo iyo ngwate itangwe; Uwahawe ingwate afite inshingano zo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo amenye neza niba utanga ingwate afite cyangwa adafite uwo bashakanye. [21] Ingingo ya 80 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko inyandiko y’irangamimerere ni inyandikomvaho igamije guhamya ibintu bimwe by’ingenzi mu biranga umuntu mu muryango no mu Gihugu mu byerekeranye cyane cyane no kugira uburenganzira mbonezamubano no kubukoresha. [22] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza amasezerano y’iguriza n’itangwa ry’ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa yo kuwa 31/08/2021 yerekana ko COPEDU Plc yahaye Active General Trading Ltd inguzanyo ingana na 35.000.000 FRW hatangwa ingwate ibaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 yanditse kuri Rudasingwa Jeannine wanayashyizeho umukono nk’utije ingwate nk’uko

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binagaragazwa n’amasezerano yo kuwa 17/06/2021 yo gutiza iyo ngwate Active General Trading Ltd na we bashyizeho umukono. [23] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza inyandiko y’ishyingirwa yatanzwe kuwa 12/04/2022 n’ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Kacyiru yerekana ko Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco yashakanye na Rudasingwa Jeanine ndetse ko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange kuwa 29/09/2007. Igaragaza ariko icyemezo cy’uko Rudasingwa Jeanine ari ingaragu cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Kacyiru kuwa 02/09/2021. Igaragaza amasezerano y’ubukode burambye y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 yatanzwe kuwa 19/01/2012 agaragaza ko uwo mutungo ari uwa Rudasingwa Jeanine 100%. Igaragaza urubanza RC 00043/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe kuwa 18/03/2022 aho Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco yaregaga Rudasingwa Jeanine asaba urukiko gutegeka ko umutungo wavuzwe haruguru ugarurwa mu mutungo w’abashyingiranwe. Urukiko rwagaragaje ko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange kuwa 29/09/2007 ariko uwo mutungo ukaba wanditse ku mugore gusa 100%, bityo ko ugomba kubandikwaho bombi buri wese akagiraho 50%. [24] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza itangazo ryo kuwa 23/05/2022 rya cyamunara y’umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 ryashyizweho umukono na Bajeneza Gervais nk’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate, kandi ryerekana ko cyamunara ya mbere yari kuba kuva kuwa 06/06/2022 kugera kuwa 13/06/2022, iya kabiri kuva kuwa 15/06/2022 kugera kuwa 22/06/2022 naho iya gatatu ikaba kuva kuwa 24/06/2022 kugera kuwa 01/07/2022. [25] Urukiko rurasanga mu kunenga urubanza rujuririrwa, uwajuriye avuga ko Urukiko rwirengajije amategeko n’ibimenyetso byerekana ko atigeze atanga uburenganzira bwo gutanga umutungo we nk’ingwate, bityo ko cyamunara y’iyo ngwate ikwiye guhagarikwa. COPEDU Plc ivuga ko umurongo urukiko rwahaye ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe byarakoranwe ubushishozi kuko hari icyemezo cy’uko uwatije ingwate ari ingaragu hamwe n’icyemezo cy’uko imwanditseho wenyine 100%, kandi ngo ntabwo byateshejwe agaciro nk’uko na Bajeneza Gervais abivuga. Rusanga ari ngombwa kureba niba kuba icyangombwa cy’uko uwatije ingwate ari ingaragu ndetse imwanditseho wenyine bitarateshejwe agaciro, byatuma cyamunara iteganyijwe kuri iyo ngwate idahagatrikwa mu gihe ntawe uhakana ko uwatije iyo ngwate afite undi bashyingiranywe ivangamutungo, kandi akaba ataratanze uburenganzira bwo kuyitiza. [26] Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza ntawe uhakana ko Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco na Rudasingwa Jeanine basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange mu 2007 nk’uko binagaragazwa n’inyandiko yo gushyingirwa (acte de marriage) hamwe n’urubanza RC 00043/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwavuzwe haruguru. Ibyo byerekana ko guhera icyo gihe bashyingiranwe, umutungo wabo wari umwe, kandi bagira ububasha bungana bwo kuwukurikirana no kuwuhagararira nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru. [27] Kuba rero hari amasezerano y’ubukode burambye y’umutungo uvugwa yatanzwe kuwa 19/01/2012 hamwe n’icyangombwa cy’uko Rudasingwa Jeannine ari ingaragu, ubwabyo ntabwo byatuma hemezwa ko yari afite ububasha bwo gufata umutungo yari asanzwe asangiye n’umugabo we akawutiza nk’ingwate, uwo mugabo we atabigizemo uruhare kuko yaba icyo cyangombwa ndetse n’ayo masezerano y’uko uwatije ingwate ari ingaragu byatanzwe nyuma y’uko basezeranye kuko basezeranye mu 2007. Rusanga ahubwo byari ngombwa ko buri wese

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agira uruhare mu itizwa ry’iyo ngwate kuko umutungo wose wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo w’abashyingiranywe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru; kandi ingwate ku mutungo w’urugo rw’abashakanye igira agaciro gusa iyo inyandiko yose cyangwa ubundi buryo bukoreshejwe mu kuyakira biriho umukono w’uwatanze ingwate n’umukono w’uwo bashakanye babana muri uwo mutungo cyangwa igihe hariho igihamya ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati yabo kugira ngo iyo ngwate itangwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kandi COPEDU Plc nk’iyahawe ingwate, nayo itari kugendera gusa ku cyangombwa cy’uko uwayitije ari ingaragu ndetse ko n’uwo mutungo umwanditseho wenyine, ngo yirengagize inshingano yayo yo kumenya niba uwayitije adafite uwo bashakanye kuko uwahawe ingwate afite inshingano zo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo amenye neza niba utanga ingwate afite cyangwa adafite uwo bashakanye nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kandi icyemezo y’uko uwatije ingwate ari ingaragu, ntabwo cyasimbura inyandiko y’iyishyingirwa (acte de marriage) kandi ari inyandiko y’irangamimerere (acte de l’état civil) ihamya ibintu bimwe by’ingenzi mu biranga umuntu mu muryango no mu Gihugu mu byerekeranye no kugira uburenganzira mbonezamubano no kubukoresha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 80 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru. [30] Ibimaze kuvuga haruguru bigaragaza ko amasezerano y’ubugwate cyamunara ivugwa muri uru rubanza ishingiyeho, atakozwe bikurikije amategeko kuko ba nyir’umutungo bose batagize uruhare mu ikorwa ryayo. Ibyo byumvikanisha ko cyamunara iyashingiyeho nayo itaba ikurikije amategeko, bityo ko ikwiye guhagarikwa na cyane ko n’ubwo igihe yagombaga gukorwamno cyarangiye ariko Bajeneza Gervais uyikoresha avuga ko yabaye ayihagaritse kubera amakenga yari fite. Bikaba bigaragara rero ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco bufite ishingiro. B. Kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rubanza ntaho zashingiye no kumenya ishingiro ry’izisabwa muri uru rubanza [31] Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rwamuciye indishyi zidafite ishingiro kuko kuba arwana ku nyungu ze, nta kosa afite. Avuga ahubwo ko izo ndishyi zatangwa n’abaregwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire kandi ko zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. [32] Uhagarariye COPEDU Plc avuga ko nk’uko urukiko rwabisobanuye mu gace ka 13 k’urubanza rujuririrwa, ngo Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ni we wishoye mu manza zidafite ishingiro ashora mu manza abaregwa; bityo yagombaga kwirengera ingaruka zabyo agasubiza COPEDU Plc na Me Bajeneza Gervais amafaranga bishyuye Abavoka ndetse n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. Ibyo ngo bigaragaza ko indishyi yagenewe zifite ishingiro. Asaba Urukiko gutegeka Nsengiyumava Sabena Bosco guha COPEDU Plc amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’indishyi mbonazamusaruro zingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) ku bwo kuyihoza mu manza zidafite ishingiro hamwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka.

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[33] Bajeneza Gervais n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rwatanze indishyi kubera uwajuriye yashoye umuburanyi mu manza zitari ngombwa kandi ko iyo umuburanyi atsinzwe, acibwa indishy. Bavuga ko nk'umuhesha w'inkiko, Bajeneza Gervais nta nubwo byari ngombwa kuzanwa muri izi manza kuko byari bihagije ko COPEDU Plc na Nsengiyumava Sabena Bosco baregana, yabona icyemezo kimuhagarika akabyubahiriza. Bityo rero ngo yashowe mu rubanza rutari ngombwa ndetse asaba ko yabihererwa miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) y'indishyi z'akababaro, ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000 FRW) y'ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 FRW) y'igihembo cya Avocat. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Ingingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza No 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka iteganya ko Avoka w’urega wateguye dosiye n’inyandiko ashobora gusaba igihembo fatizo kiri hagati y’amafaranga 500.000 n’amafaranga 5.000.000 (…). Avoka w’uregwa agena ibihembo bye akurikije agaciro k’ikiburanwa, ingorane ziri mu rubanza, hamwe n’ibyo agomba kubanza gukora byose, ndetse n’ingaruka z’icyemezo cyafashwe; ariko igihembo ntikijye munsi y’amafaranga 500.000 kandi ntikirenge amafaranga 3.000.000. Iyo habaye ubujurire, avoka w’urega n’uw’uregwa bashobora gusaba kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere. [35] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. (…) Kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. Ingingo ya 154 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire ntihashobora gutangirwa ikirego gishya keretse kuregera guhwanya imyenda, cyangwa gutanga ikirego cyo kwiregura ku kirego cy’ibanze cyatanzwe mu rukiko rw’ubujurire. [36] Urukiko rurasanga kuba ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco bufite ishingiro ndetse kugira ngo abe yatanga ikirego uru rubanza rushingiyeho bikaba byaratewe na COPEDU Plc yafashe umutungo weho ingwate mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, byumvikanisha ko indishyi zisabwa na COPEDU Plc muri uru rubanza nta shingiro zifite. Rusanga ahubwo COPEDU Plc ari yo yabaye nyirabayazana wo kuba hari ibyo yatakaje muri uru rubanza kuko iyo idafata iyo ngwate binyuranyije n’amategeko, ntabwo haba harabayeho cyamunara yatumye uru rubanza rubaho. Bityo rero ikwiye kumuha indishyi z’ibyo yatakaje muri uru rubanza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko, indishyi zigizwe no gusubizwa amafaranga mu mwanya w’akababaro cyangwa umutungo watakajwe cyangwa byose icyarimwe.1 1 Serge BRAUDO “Dictionnaire juridique’ https://www.dictionnaire-juridique.com/definition/dommages- interets.php [25/07/2022]. Les dommages-intérêts constituent la compensation financière à laquelle peut prétendre une personne qui a subi un préjudice moral ou une atteinte dans son patrimoine ou les deux la fois.

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[37] Kuba ariko uretse kuvuga ibyagenze ku rubanza, Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ntagaragaza icyerekana amafaranga yarutakajemo, kandi buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru. Akaba rero akwiye kugenerwa indishyi zabyo mu bushishozi bw’urukiko. Akaba ahawe indishyi z’ibyatakajwe mu rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza. Yose hamwe akaba 600.000 FRW. [38] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba mu gutanga ikirego cye Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ashingira ku mpamvu y’uko ingwate ishaka kugurishwa ari umutungo we ariko akaba nta ruhare yagize mu itangwa ryayo, byumvikanisha ko ntacyo aryoza Bajeneza Gervais nk’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate. Ibyo bigaragaza ko yamuzanye mu rubanza bitari ngombwa ndetse ko akwiye kubyirengera akamuha indishyi asaba. Kuba ariko nawe atagaragaza aho akomora ingano y’izo asaba, akwiye kuzihabwa mu bushishozi bw’urukiko. Akaba ahawe izingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza. Yose hamwe akaba 600.000 FRW. [39] Urukiko rurasanga ku rwego rubanza nta hantu na hamwe Bajeneza Gervais yigeze aburana ibijyanye n’indishyi z’akababaro. Kuba rero azisabye bwa mbere mu bujurire kandi rwego rw’ubujurire hadashobora gutangirwa ikirego gishya uretse guhwanya imyenda, cyangwa gutanga ikirego cyo kwiregura nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 154 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru; byumvikanisha ko kuba zitarasabwe ku rwego rubanza kandi akaba atari guhwanya imyenda cyangwa ikirego cyo kwiregura, nta shingiro zifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco bufite ishingiro. [41] Rwemeje ko Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco afite uruhare ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 kandi ko Rudasingwa Jeanine basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange atari afite ububasha bwo kwemera wenyine ko utangwaho ingwate ku mwenda COPEDU Plc yahaye Active General Trading Ltd. [42] Rwemeje ko cyamunara kuri uwo mutungo uvuzwe haruguru ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/10/05/1554 ihagaritswe. [43] Rwemeje ko Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco agomba guha Bajeneza Gervais indishyi z’ibyatakajwe muri uru rubanza zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza ariko na COPEDU Plc igomba guha Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza. [44] Rutegetse ko urubanza RCOM 00904/2022/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 22/06/2022 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose.

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[45] Rutegetse COPEDU Plc gusubiza Nsengiyumva Sabena Bosco amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 FRW) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ajurira, itayatanga kuva uru rubanza rubaye ndakuka, akagurwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta.