NTAGANZWA v KARAMO

# NTAGANZWA v KARAMO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-03-15 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00017/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NTAGANZWA v KARAMO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00017/2023/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.) 15 Werurwe 2024] Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – Inzitizi – Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego – Mu gihe hatanzwe impamvu yo kutakira ikirego, iyo mpamvu niyo igomba kubanza gusuzumwa mbere y’ibindi bibazo bikwiye kuba byasuzumwa mu rubanza . Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiye Karamo arega Ntaganzwa mu rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe asaba Urukiko kumutegeka kuva mu mutungo ufite UPI:1/01/07/03/857 yaguze na nyina Mujawingoma ndetse amukorera ihererekanyamutungo ariko uregwa yanga kuwuvamo kandi atari uwe. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00829/2020/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Karamo kitakiriwe kuko Karamo yatanze ikirego mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe kandi ngo bigaragara ko harimo impaka. Karamo yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko umucamanza wa mbere yanze gusuzuma ikirego cye avuga ko harimo impaka nyamara ntiyazigaragaza. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00463/2022/HC/KIG rwemeje ko, ikirego cy’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe cyatanzwe na Karamo gifite ishingiro; ko kuba Ntaganzwa ari umuhungu wa Mujawingoma wagurishije umutungo we wari umubaruyeho bitamuha uburenganzira bwo kuwugumamo akaba agomba guhita awuvamo nta yandi mananiza; Ntaganzwa yatambamiye imikirize y’urubanza RCA00463/2022/HC/KIG, Karamo yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa, avuga ko nta bushobozi, ububasha n’inyungu afite ku mutungo uburanwa kandi ko urubanza atambamira rwamaze kurangizwa. Ntaganzwa yireguye kuriyo nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa kuko umutungo umubyeyi we yagurishije Karamo aruwe yarazwe na nyirakuru, nyina akaba yarawugurishije atabizi. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00149/2022/HC/KIG rwemeje ko: inzitizi rwashyikirijwe na Karamo zifite ishingiro; ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ntaganzwa kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi. Ntaganzwa yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe na Karamo ndetse ko hatagombaga gutangwa ikirego cy’inyadiko nsobanuerakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe kandi haburanwa umutungo utimukanwa. Karamo yireguye avuga ko abajuriye bakwiye kwisobanura ku ngingo irebana n’inzitizi Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye yonyine kandi ko rutari gusuzuma urubanza mu mizi rurenze ku nzitizi rwari rwashyikirijwe. Anasaba ko yahabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko mu rubanza RCAA00017/2023/CA, rwemeje ko Urukiko Rukuru nta kosa rwakoze mu kubanza gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa. Rwemeza kandi ko rutagomba kwakira

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ngo rusuzume ibijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego Karamo yatanze mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, kuko kitigeze gisuzumwa mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Mu gihe hatanzwe impamvu yo kutakira ikirego, iyo mpamvu niyo igomba kubanza gusuzumwa mbere y’ibindi bibazo bikwiye kuba byasuzumwa mu rubanza. Bityo, si ngombwa ko Urukiko rujya mu mizi y’urubanza iyo rusanze ikirego kitagomba kwakirwa. 2. Ingingo y’ubujurire ijyanye n’ikibazo cyagombaga gusuzumwa mu mizi y’urubanza ariko ntigisuzumwe kuko urubanza rwagarukiye ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego, ntiyakirwa ngo isuzumwe. Bityo, ingingo irebana n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyatanzwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, itarasuzumwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ntiyakirwa ngo isuzumwe mu bujurire. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 83, 111 na 150 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 04/01/2022, Mujawingoma Eugénie yagurishije Karamo Aimable umutungo ufite UPI :1/01/07/03/857 wari umubaruyeho wenyine, ku wa 21/02/2022 bakora ihererekanyamutungo imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, maze wandikwa kuri Karamo Aimable n’umugore we Niyishobora Anathalie, aba bahabwa icyangombwa cyawo ku wa 19/03/2022, ariko umuhungu wa Mujawingoma Eugénie witwa Ntaganzwa Gashumba yanga kuwuvamo. [2] Karamo Aimable yiyambaje inzego z’ibanze kugira ngo zimufashe kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo yaguze, Ntaganzwa Gashumba akomeza kwanga kuwuvamo, niko kuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, arusaba gutegeka ko Ntaganzwa Gashumba akurwa muri uwo mutungo yagundiriye atari uwe. [3] Mu rubanza RC00829/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 14/12/2022, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 189 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ku kuba ikirego Karamo Aimable yatanze mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe kandi bigaragara ko harimo impaka, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe cya Karamo Aimable kitagomba kwakirwa, amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega aguma mu Isanduku ya Leta.

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[4] Karamo Aimable yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko umucamanza wa mbere yanze gusuzuma ikirego cye avuga ko harimo impaka nyamara ntiyazigaragaza. [5] Mu rubanza RCA00463/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 09/03/2023, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 189 y’Itegeko N˚22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko: Ikirego cy’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe cyatanzwe na Karamo Aimable gifite ishingiro; Imikirize y’urubanza RC00829/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2022 ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; Kuba Gashumba Ntaganzwa ari umuhungu wa Mujawingoma Eugénie wagurishije umutungo we wari umubaruyeho ufite UPI : 1/01/07/03/857 bitamuha uburenganzira bwo kuwugumamo akaba agomba guhita awuvamo nta yandi mananiza; Gashumba Ntaganzwa ahita ava mu mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI : 1/01/07/03/857 wa Karamo Aimable ; Amagarama y’urubanza Karamo Aimable yatanze ajurira ahwana n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [6] Ntaganzwa Gashumba yatambamiye imikirize y’urubanza RCA00463/2022/HC/KIG, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri RCA00149/2023/HC/KIG. Mu iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza, uhagarariye Karamo Aimable yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa Gashumba ngo kubera ko nta bushobozi, ububasha n’inyungu afite ku mutungo uburanwa cyane ko Urukiko rwategetse ko awuvamo, umuhesha w’inkiko akaba yararangije kuwumukuramo. [7] Uhagarariye Ntaganzwa Gashumba yireguye ku nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa kubera ko umutungo umubyeyi w’uwo ahagarariye yagurishije Karamo Aimable aru uwe yarazwe na nyirakuru, nyina akaba yarawugurishije atabizi. [8] Mu rubanza RCA00149/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/06/2023, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 83 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko: Inzitizi rwashyikirijwe na Me Segutunga Philbert wunganira Karamo Aimable zifite ishingiro; Ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ntaganzwa Gashumba kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi yacyo; Amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000Frw) Ntaganzwa Gashumba yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ahwana n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [9] Ku wa 29/06/2023, Ntaganzwa Gashumba yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RCAA00017/2023/CA, nyuma y’imihango y’integurarubanza, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 04/03/2024.

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[10] Ku wa 04/03/2024 ababuranyi bose bitabye Urukiko, urubanza ruburanishirizwa mu ruhame Ntaganzwa Gashumba yunganiwe na Me Zitoni Pierre Claver, Karamo Aimable ahagarariwe na Me Segutunga Philbert. [11] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Ntaganzwa Gashumba n’umwunganira bavuze ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe na Karamo Aimable ndetse ko hatagombaga gutangwa ikirego cy’inyadiko nsobanuerakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe kandi haburanwa umutungo utimukanwa. [12] Uhagarariye Karamo Aimable yireguye avuga ko abajuriye bakwiye kwisobanura ku ngingo irebana n’inzitizi Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye yonyine kandi ko rutari gusuzuma urubanza mu mizi rurenze ku nzitizi rwari rwashyikirijwe. Asoza asaba Urukiko gutegeka Ntaganzwa Gashumba guha uwo ahagarariye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [13] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa Gashumba ; Kumenya niba ikirego Karamo Aimable yatanze mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe kitaragombaga kwakirwa; Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa Gashumba [14] Ntaganzwa Gashumba n’umwunganira bavuga ko umucamanza w’Urukiko Rukuru atagombaga kurenga ibyo yari yasabwe n’uwajuriye, ngo abanze asuzume niba Ntaganzwa Gashumba afite uburenganzira, ububasha n’inyungu byo kurega. [15] Uhagarariye Karamo Aimable avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutari kurenga ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ngo ruburanishe urubanza mu mizi rudasuzumye inzitizi yari yatanzwe. [16] Asobanura ko mu mpamvu zatumye basaba bavuga ko Ntaganzwa Gashumba nta bubasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi yari afite bwo gutambamira imikirize y’urubanza Karamo Aimable yaburanye wenyine, ari uko uwo ahagarariye yaguze uwo mutungo na nyina wa Ntaganzwa Gashumba kandi ko wari umwanditseho ijana ku ijana, kuba yararangije guhabwa uwo mutungo, kuba yarahawe icyangombwa cyawo no kuba yarahawe icyemezo kimuha uburenganzira bwo kuvugurura inyubako zarimo. Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[17] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba mu gihe umwe mu baburanyi atanze inzitizi isaba kutakira ikirego, urukiko rutaba rugomba kuyisuzuma mbere y’ibindi bibazo. Ingingo ya 83 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko” ingoboka ari impamvu zose zivuka mu iburanisha ry’urubanza zigahagarika imigendekere y’urubanza cyangwa zigahindura imiterere y’ikirego. Impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni ingingo yose isaba kutakira ikirego cy’umuburanyi hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha n’inyungu zo kurega, ubusaze bw’ikirego [……]”. [18] Iyi ngingo y’Itegeko yumvikanisha ko mu gihe hatanzwe impamvu yo kutakira ikirego, iyo mpamvu ari yo igomba kubanza gusuzumwa mbere y’ibindi bibazo bikwiye kuba byasuzumwa mu rubanza. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarabanje gusuzuma ikibazo cy’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa Gashumba yatanzwe na Karamo Aimable nta kosa rwakoze kubera ko : yari inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego igomba gusuzumwa mbere yo kwinjira mu rubanza mu mizi nk’inzitizi ndemyagihugu; icyemezo gifashwe ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego gishobora gushyira iherezo ku rubanza mu mizi mu gihe iyo nzitizi ihawe ishingiro. [20] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kubanza gusuzuma inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa Gashumba, ari na byo rwakoze. Iyi ngingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe na Ntaganzwa Gashumba ikaba nta shingiro ifite. 2.Kumenya niba ikirego Karamo Aimable yatanze mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, kitaragombaga kwakirwa [21] Ntaganzwa Gashumba n’umwunganira bavuga ko kuba itegeko ribuza irangizarubanza ry’agateganyo ku mutungo utimukanwa, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutagombaga gufata ibyemezo by’agateganyo kuri uwo mutungo, ngo rwegurire by’agateganyo Karamo Aimable umutungo yaguze na nyina wa Ntaganzwa Gashumba kandi yaratanze ikirego mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, rudahamagaje Ntaganzwa Gashumba wari waranze kuwuvamo. [22] Uhagarariye Karamo Aimable yireguye avuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire idakwiye gusuzumwa kuri uru rwego kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rutayisuzumye, ahubwo rwagarukiye ku nzitizi irebana n’ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi bwa Ntaganzwa Gashumba kandi ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 190 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Urukiko rwasanze atari ngombwa ko ruhamagaza Ntaganzwa Gashumba. Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[23] Ingingo ya 150, igika cya mbere y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko” ubujurire butangwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego ugaragaza: Urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; Ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko. [24] Iyi ngingo y’itegeko yumvikanisha ko mu mwanzuro wo kujurira, ujurira agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa agatanga n’uburyo yumva ko yakosorwamo. [25] Mu rubanza RCA00149/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/06/2023 ari narwo rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwagarukiye gusa ku kibazo kirebana n’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Ntaganzwa Gashumba, rukaba rutarigeze rusuzuma ikirebana n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyatanzwe na Karamo Aimable mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe. [26] Kubera izo mpamvu, uru Rukiko rurasanga rutagomba kwakira ngo rusuzume ingingo y’ubujurire Ntaganzwa Gashumba yatanze kuri uru rwego, irebana n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego Karamo Aimable yatanze mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, kubera ko kitigeze gisuzumwa mu rubanza rujuririrwa. 3.Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [27] Uhagarariye Karamo Aimable asaba uru Rukiko gutegeka Ntaganzwa Gashumba guha uwo ahagarariye amafaranga angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. [28] Ntaganzwa Gashumba n’umwunganira nta cyo bavuze kuri aya mafaranga asabwa. Uko Urukiko rubibona [29] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [30] Kuba Ntaganzwa Gashumba yarashoye Karamo Aimable mu manza zitari ngombwa, bikamusaba gushaka Avoka wo kuzikurikirana no kumuburanira, Urukiko rurasanga agomba kumuha amafaranga asaba agizwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ntaganzwa Gashumba, nta shingiro bufite.

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[32] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00149/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/06/2023, rudahindutse. [33] Rutegetse Ntaganzwa Gashumba guha Karamo Aimable amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka; [34] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Ntaganzwa Gashumba yatanze ajurira, ahwanye n’ibakozwe mu rubanza.