NZAJYIBWAMI N’ABANDI v. SANLAM AG PLC

NZAJYIBWAMI N’ABANDI v. SANLAM AG PLC

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-14 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00023/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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NZAJYIBWAMI N’ABANDI v. SANLAM AG PLC [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RC 00023/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J., Kazungu na Kalihangabo, J.) 14 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu – Inyandiko y’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze – Inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge si ikimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, mu gihe idaherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bifatika nk’impapuro zo kwa muganga zerekana niba umuntu afite ubumuga, bordereaux za banki zakoreshejwe mu kohereza amafaranga, messages za mobile money n’ibindi. Icyakora iyo nyandiko iba yihagije ubwayo nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze usaba indishyi z ‘ibangamirabukungu, mu gihe yakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho aba. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride n’Uwimbabazi Immaculee barega SANLAM AG Plc basaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye umwana wabo Nshimyumuremyi Vincent. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego gifite ishingiro, rutegeka SANLAM AG PLC kwishyura abarega indishyi z’ibangamiramuco ndetse n’izindi ndishyi zitandukanye ariko ntibahabwa indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu basabaga zingana na 46.050.761 Frw. Nzajyibwami,

Mukamabano n’Uwimbabazi bajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwanze kubagenera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu rwirengagije icyemezo cy’Inzego z’Ibanze kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite ruvuga ko icyemezo cy’Inzego z’Ibanze kidahagije mu kwemeza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera ku buryo bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ndetse runemeza ko indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zikuweho. Nzajyibwami, Mukamabano n’Uwimbabazi basabye ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane barabyemererwa, urubanza ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera ari bo Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ndetse n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarambuye indishyi z’ibangamiramuco abari bazigenewe bitari ngombwa. Mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, abarega bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutabahaye indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu rushingiye ku kuba bataratanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari ubatunze nyamara barabitangiye raporo ebyiri (2) ndetse baratanze n’ibindi bimenyetso bibigaragaza bikubiyemo icyemezo cya Koperative COTAMONYA kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yari ingaragu akora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto ndetse n’ikigaragaza uwamugurishije moto ku ideni aho yajyaga amwishyura 150 000 Frw ku kwezi, historique ya Banque, n’ibindi. Bakavuga ko n’ibyemejwe mu manza RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/CS ndetse no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/CS, zose zigaruka ku kuba inyandiko y’Inzego z’Ibanze idahagije kugira ngo hemezwe ko nyakwigendera

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ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be, ko hagomba ibindi bimenyetso nka Mobile Money, transfer ya bank, bordereaux…, basanga ari akarengane kuko bitari gushoboka ko nyakwigendera yoherereza ababyeyi be amafaranga abatunga kuri MoMo cyangwa kuri banki kandi yarabanaga na bo mu nzu imwe kuko yayabahaga mu ntoki cyangwa akagura ibyo abona bikenewe. Bagasaba ko iyo mirongo itashingirwaho. Ku rundi ruhande, SANLAM AG PLC ivuga ko abarega batabasha kuvuguruza ibyasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku birebana na raporo yo ku wa 10/11/2020 n’iyo ku wa 15/01/2024 zatanzwe n’Inzego z’Ibanze ku buryo zashingirwaho hatangwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Ikavuga ko nkuko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku bwoko bw’ibimenyetso bigomba gutangwa, icyemezo cyatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’Ibanze nk’Umurenge atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abarega bahabwaga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) ibibatunga na nyakwigendera, igihe kidaherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bigizwe n’inyandiko zose zemeza ishingiro ry’ibyo basaba. Isoza ivuga ko ntaho Urukiko rwahera rugenera Abarega indishyi mbangamirabukungu. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge si ikimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, mu gihe idaherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bifatika nk’impapuro zo kwa muganga zerekana niba umuntu afite ubumuga, bordereaux za banki zakoreshejwe mu

kohereza amafaranga, messages za mobile money n’ibindi. Icyakora iyo nyandiko iba yihagije ubwayo nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze usaba indishyi z ‘ibangamirabukungu, mu gihe yakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho aba. Ikirego gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Urubanza ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco. Amategeko yashingiweho: Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 22, Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 4, Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, Ingingo ya 12. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCAA 0049/14/CS; SORAS AG Ltd ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc vs Umuhoza Pacifique na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016; RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC; Mukagatare Régine n’abandi vs SANLAM AG Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/03/2023; RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2023/SC; SANLAM AG Plc vs Ndishutse Samuel n’abandi rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024; RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/SC; RADIANT Insurance Company Ltd vs Mukabera Françine n’abandi rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024.

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Urubanza [1] Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride na Uwimbabazi Immaculée batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, basaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumuremyi Vincent. Ku itariki ya 17/02/2023, urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza RC 00297/2022/TGI/NYGE rwemeza ko icyo kirego gifite ishingiro, rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera aribo Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride buri wese 810.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco (indishyi z’akababaro), na 540.000 Frw ku muvandimwe wa nyakwigendera ari we Uwimbabazi Immaculée. [2] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe, Urukiko rwasanze ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bagomba kwishyurwa 7.200 Frw yaguzwe dosiye y’impanuka, 25.000 Frw bishyuye imodoka yakuye umurambo ahabereye impanuka bajya ku bitaro bya Kacyiru, 70.000 Frw yishyuwe imodoka ikura umurambo ku bitaro bawujyana ku irimbi, 30.000 Frw yishyuwe uburuhukiro, 150.000 Frw yaguzwemo imva, 150.000 Frw yaguzwe isanduku n’igitambaro byo gushyinguramo, 150.000 Frw yakoreshejwe mu kwakira abantu mu muhango wo gushyingura, 12.500 Frw yaguzwe ibyangombwa (attestations) byakoreshejwe mu rubanza, 150.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka hamwe na 60.000 Frw y’amagarama y’Urukiko. [3] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 46.050.761 Frw zasabwaga, Urukiko rwasanze zitatangwa kubera ko nta kimenyetso

kigaragaza ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera batari bashoboye kwitunga kuko abana bose atariko batunze imiryango bavukamo. [4] Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride na Uwimbabazi Immaculée, bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwanze kubagenera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu rwirengagije icyemezo cy’Inzego z’Ibanze kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be. [5] Mu rubanza RCA 00111/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku itariki ya 31/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride na Uwimbabazi Immaculée nta shingiro bufite ruvuga ko icyemezo cy’Inzego z’Ibanze kidahagije mu kwemeza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera ku buryo bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Rwemeje kandi ko indishyi z’ibangamiramuco (z’akababaro) zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zikuweho, rutegeka ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba kubishyura 192.200 Frw, ni ukuvuga ayo bahawe ku rwego rwa mbere ahwanye na 3.152.200 Frw - 2.160.000 Frw (y’indishyi z’akababaro) – 800.000 Frw (y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza) = 192.200 Frw. [6] Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Florida na Uwimbabazi Immaculée bandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire basaba ko urubanza RCA 00111/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku itariki ya 31/01/2024 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yoherereje Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga raporo yarukozeho, amaze kubisuzuma na we yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwongera kuburanishwa, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RC 00023/2024/SC. [7] Mu myanzuro yabo, Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride na Uwimbabazi Immaculée bahagarariwe na Me Gabiro David, bavuga ko akarengane kabo gashingiye ku kuba

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barajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru basaba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ariko urwo Rukiko rukemeza ko batagomba kuzihabwa ndetse rukavuga ko n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco bari bagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye na zo zivaho nyamara bataraziburanye mu bujurire ndetse rubaca n’indishyi zingana na 800.000 Frw kandi bitari bikwiye ko bazicibwa. [8] Uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko bemera ko indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zitigeze zijuririrwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, ko indishyi zagenwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zitagombaga guhindurwa mu bujurire kandi ko na SANLAM AG Plc itigeze yanga kuzishyura. Ku birebana n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, avuga ko ntazo ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bagomba guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso cyerekanaga ko ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be. [9] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku itariki ya 05/03/2025, Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Florida na Uwimbabazi Immaculée bahagarariwe na Me Gabiro David, naho SANLAM Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément. [10] Muri uru rubanza, hasuzumwe ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera ari bo Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu1, icyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarambuye indishyi z’ibangamiramuco abari bazigenewe bitari ngombwa, n’ikibazo kirebana n‘izindi ndishyi zivugwa muri uru rubanza. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA

RYABYO 1) Kumenya niba ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera ari bo Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride bagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. [11] Me Gabiro David uburanira Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanzuye ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zitanzwe kubera ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bamaze kuvugwa batatanze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ari we wari ubatunze nyamara barabitangiye raporo 2 (raporo yo ku itariki ya 10/11/2020 n’iyo ku itariki ya 15/01/2024) zanditswe n’abayobozi b’Inzego z’Ibanze z’aho batuye. [12] Avuga kandi ko hari n’ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be agafasha n’abavandimwe be, bigizwe n’icyemezo cya koperative COTAMONYA cyo ku itariki ya 13/09/2019 cyemeza ko Nshimyumuremyi Vincent yari ingaragu akora akazi ko gutwara abantu kuri moto, inyandiko yo ku wa 01/10/2019 yanditswe na Harerimana Vincent yemeza ko moto nyakwigendera yatwaraga ifite ibirango RE 233 B ari we wayimugurishije nyuma yo kuyipatana kuko yamwishyuraga 150.000 Frw buri kwezi, icyemezo cya RRA cyemeza amafaranga umuntu utwara moto yinjiza ku mwaka, historique de compte n’inyandiko y’Ikigo cy’Ubutaka yo ku wa 14/01/2024 igaragaza ko Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride bafite umutungo umwe wonyine na wo uri mu cyaro ugizwe n’inzu ari nayo batuyemo. [13] Akomeza avuga ko ku birebana n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/CS ndetse no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/CS, zose zigaruka ku kuba inyandiko y’Inzego

1 Mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 05/03/2025, Me GABIRO David yavuze ko abasaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ari ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera gusa ari bo NZAJYIBWAMI Valens na MUKAMABANO Floride, ko UWIMBABAZI Immaculée, atari mu bazisabirwa.

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z’Ibanze idahagije kugira ngo hemezwe ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be, ko hagomba ibindi bimenyetso nka Mobile Money, transfer ya bank, bordereaux…, basanga ari akarengane kuko bitari gushoboka ko nyakwigendera yoherereza ababyeyi be amafaranga abatunga kuri MoMo cyangwa kuri banki kandi yarabanaga na bo mu nzu imwe kuko yakoraga ataha, ko ahubwo ayo mafaranga yayabahaga mu ntoki cyangwa se akaba ari we ugura ibikenewe maze akabijyana mu rugo. Agasaba ko iyo mirongo itashingirwaho kubera ko umwana adashobora kubona ibimenyetso by’uko ari we utunze ababyeyi be. [14] Asoza avuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 46.050.761 Frw zibazwe muri ubu buryo : (18.000 Frw x 30 x 12 x 42 x 2/3)/1+ (7 x 42)/100 = 46.050.761 Frw. [15] Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko mu rubanza RCA 00111/2023/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu abarega bakwiye guhabwa kuko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera batagaragaje ibimenyetso byerekana nta shiti ko ari we wari ubatunze, ku birebana na raporo y’Inzego z’Ibanze ruvuga ko idahagije yonyine kugira ngo hemezwe ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze ababyeyi be

hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y'Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rigena indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga, ibi rukaba rwarabishingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2021/SC. [16] Avuga ko SANLAM AG Plc isanga no kuri uru rwego abarega batabasha kuvuguruza ibyasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku birebana na raporo yo ku wa 10/11/2020 n’iyo ku wa 15/01/2024 zatanzwe n’Inzego z’Ibanze ku buryo zashingirwaho hatangwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku mpamvu zikurikirira :  Mu bisobanuro byabo, abarega bemera ko nta bimenyetso bashobora kubona byerekana uko nyakwigendera yari asanzwe atunze ababyeyi be kuko babanaga mu nzu, SANLAM AG Plc igasanga iyo mvugo ikwiye kubatsindisha, kuko ari bo bafite inshingano zo gutanga ibimenyetso by’ibyo baregera ;  Inyandiko yo ku wa 10/11/2020 yatanzwe n’Umudugudu wa Remera abarega badatuyemo, naho iyo ku wa 15/01/2024 itangwa n’Umudugudu wa Karenge nyuma y’uko urubanza ruciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko ibikubiye muri izo nyandiko bidakwiye kwizerwa ;  Abanditse izo nyandiko ntibagaragaza uko nyakwigendera Nshimyumuremyi Vincent yari atunze ababyeyi be ;  Abarega ntibagaragaza uko nyakwigendera yabishyuriraga inzu, yabavuzaga, yabahahiraga, cyangwa ko yabahaga ubufasha bwa buri munsi ku buryo batamufite batari kubaho ;  Indi nenge izo nyandiko zombi zihurizaho, ni uko abazanditse bavuga ko batakambye mu rwego rwo gusabira abarega indishyi ariko ntibagaragaza ikintu na kimwe bashingiraho ;

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 Inyandiko yo ku wa 15/01/2024, yemeza ko Nzajyibwami Valens afite ubumuga, nyamara nta gaciro byahabwa kuko abarega bayizanye mu bujurire bamaze kubona ko imirongo y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ibategeka kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe ituma ababyeyi batungwa n’abana. Uretse n’ibyo ariko, umudugudu si urwego rwemeza ko umuntu afite ubumuga, kandi kugira ubumuga ubwabyo ntibihagije kwerekana ko umuntu atunzwe n’undi. [17] Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément avuga kandi ko hashingiwe kuri izo nenge zivuzwe haruguru, SANLAM AG Plc isanga nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba gutangwa kuko abaziregera batagaragaza ko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera Nshimyumuremyi Vincent nk’uko biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru mu ngingo yaryo ya 22 ndetse n’ingingo ya 255, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango2 ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe. [18] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye neza ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC, aho mu gika cya 20 rwavuze ko “hagati y’ababyeyi n’abana barengeje imyaka y’ubukure, inshingano yo guhana ibibatunga ibaho gusa iyo usaba ibimutunga abikeneye, byumvikanisha ko kugira ngo abihabwe agomba gutanga ibimenyetso by’uko akeneye ibimutunga, ndetse ko ubisabwa abifitiye ubushobozi”, uyu murongo ukaba waragarutsweho mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC. [19] Anavuga

ko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2023/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 05/04/2024, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwagarutse ku kibazo cy’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ndetse no ku gaciro k’inyandiko zitangwa n’Inzego z’Ibanze rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC, mu gika cya 30 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusobanura ko ku bijyanye no kuba umuntu yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera, inshingano yo guhana ibibatunga ibaho gusa iyo usaba ibimutunga abikeneye, akaba agomba gutanga ibimenyetso by’uko akeneye ibimutunga kandi akagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe. [20] Yongeraho ko ku bijyanye n’ubwoko bw’ibimenyetso bigomba gutangwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko icyemezo cyatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’Ibanze nk’Umurenge atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abarega bahabwaga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) ibibatunga na nyakwigendera, igihe kidaherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bigizwe n’inyandiko zose zemeza ishingiro ry’ibyo basaba. Avuga ko bimwe mu bimenyetso bifatika ari nk’impapuro zo kwa muganga zerekana niba umuntu afite ubumuga, bordereaux za banki zatangirwagaho amafaranga, messages za mobile money n’ibindi. [21] Asoza avuga ko hashingiwe ku bisobanuro batanze no kuba nyakwigendera yari ingaragu kandi nta mwana yasize, n’ababyeyi be bakaba batagaragaza ikimenyetso na kimwe cy’uko ari we wari usanzwe abatunze, SANLAM AG Plc isanga ntaho urukiko rwahera rugena indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, cyane cyane ko na 18.000 Frw abarega bavuga ko nyakwigendera yinjizaga ku munsi atari byo kuko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwamaze gutanga umurongo ko amafaranga umumotari atahana ku munsi hakuwemo ibyakoreshejwe ari 6.444 Frw.

2 Iyo ngingo ivuga ko umwana agomba guha agaciro ababyeyi be, kububaha no kubaha ibibatunga igihe babikeneye.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Impande zombi muri uru rubanza zemeranya ku ihame ry‘uko iyo habaye impanuka itewe n’ibinyabiziga hakagira uyigwamo, abasaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, bazihabwa ari uko babanje kwerekana ibimenyetso by’uko ari nyakwigendera wari ubatunze. Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ababuranyi batumvikanaho, ni ubwoko bw‘ikimenyetso kigomba kubyemeza. Uruhande rwa Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride bavuga ko icyemezo cy’Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’Ibanze bw’aho batuye gihagije kubyemeza kandi bagifite, SANLAM AG Plc yo ariko ikavuga ko icyo cyemezo cyonyine ubwacyo kidahagije kigomba guherekezwa n’ibindi bimenyetso. [23] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, iteganya ko […] abafite uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka aribo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa iyi ngingo igira iti […] “seuls les ayants-droits justifiants qu’ils étaient à charge de la victime peuvent être indemnisés. [24] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko bidahagije kwerekana ko hari amasano usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu afitanye na nyakwigendera gusa kugira ngo

azihabwe, ko ahubwo agomba no gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari asanzwe afite inshingano zo kumutunga. [25] Ingingo ya 4, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, iteganya ko urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe. Icyakora, umucamanza cyangwa ukemura ikibazo ashobora gutegeka umuburanyi cyangwa umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo cyangwa undi muntu gutanga cyangwa kwerekana ikimenyetso afite. Ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo, bihura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 12, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera, yabibura uwarezwe agatsinda. [26] Ku bijyanye n’agaciro kahabwa ikimenyetso gishingiye ku cyemezo cyatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’Ibanze Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride baburanisha, byasobanuwe mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016 haburana SORAS AG Ltd ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, na Umuhoza Pacifique na bagenzi be3, binagarukwaho mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/03/2023 haburana Mukagatare Régine n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc4, ndetse no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024, SANLAM AG Plc yaregagamo Ndishutse Samuel n’abandi5. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge atari cyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, mu gihe kidaherekejwe

3 Urubanza No RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016, igika cya 19 na 20. 4 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa, igika cya 35. 5 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 05/04/2024, igika cya 30.

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n’ibimenyetso bifatika nk’impapuro zo kwa muganga zerekana niba umuntu afite ubumuga, bordereaux za banki zakoreshejwe mu kohereza amafaranga, messages za mobile money n’ibindi. [27] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024 haburana RADIANT Insurance Company Ltd na Mukabera Françine n’abandi6, umurongo watanzwe mu manza zivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rwarawugoroye, maze rwemeza ko hari igihe inyandiko yatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’Ibanze ishobora kuba yihagije ubwayo nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wari utunze usaba indishyi z‘ibangamirabukungu, mu gihe yakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho aba, kuko abaturanyi b’usaba indishyi baba bazi neza imibereho ye ya buri munsi, bakaba bashobora kwemeza niba ari nyakwigendera wari umutunze. [28] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, ikimenyetso cyatanzwe na Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera Nshimyumuremyi Vincent ari we wari ubatunze, ni inyandiko yo ku wa 10/11/2020 yatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Remera, yemejwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Mpanga, n’iyo ku wa 15/01/2024 yanditswe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Karenge, yemejwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Ngwa, izo nyandiko bikaba bitagaragara ko zakorewe imbere y’inteko y’abaturage bari bazi neza imibereho ya buri munsi ya Nzajyibwami Valens

na Mukamabano Floride. [29] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zagaragajwe haruguru ndetse no ku mirongo yatanzwe n’uru rukiko na yo yagaragajwe, Urukiko rurasanga inyandiko zimaze kuvugwa Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride baburanisha ubwazo zonyine zidahagije nk’ikimenyetso ngo hemezwe ko bari batunzwe mu buryo buhoraho na nyakwigendera Nshimyumuremyi Vincent, kuko zidashyigikiwe n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho baba. [30] Urukiko rurasanga kandi n’ibindi bimenyetso bigizwe n’icyemezo cy'ishyirahamwe ry’abamotari kigaragaza amafaranga nyakwigendera yinjizaga ku kwezi, inyandiko ya Harerimana Vincent yemeza ko yari yarapatanye moto na nyakwigendera, icyemezo cya RRA cyemeza amafaranga umuntu utwara moto yinjiza ku mwaka na Historique de compte, na byo bitashingirwaho hemezwa ko Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride bahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kubera ko izo nyandiko ubwazo zigaragaza gusa ko Nshimyumuremyi Vincent yari afite umurimo umutunze, ariko zitagaragaza ko yari atunze ababyeyi be. [31] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride badakwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu.

2) Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarambuye indishyi z’ibangamiramuco abari bazigenewe bitari ngombwa [32] Me Gabiro David uburanira Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride na Uwimbabazi Immaculée, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabambuye indishyi z’ibangamiramuco (mpozamarira) bari bagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, rukabikora rwibeshye aho rwazitiranyije n’indishyi

6 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024, igika cya 20

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z’ibangamirabukungu rukavuga ko nta bimenyetso bazitangiye. Avuga ko Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride buri wese yari yagenewe 810.000 Frw, mu gihe Uwimbabazi Immaculée we yari yagenewe 540.000 Frw, ko kuba Urukiko rwarazikuyeho ari akarengane kubera ko, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandikomvugo y’impanuka, imodoka yagonze nyakwigendera ari yo yari mu makosa. [33] Arangiza asaba ko Urukiko rwategeka ko izo ndishyi zisubizwaho kuko abari bazigenewe bavugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki bazambuwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [34] Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko mu gika cya 21 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye hatanzwe koko indishyi z’ibangamiramuco (mpozamarira) nk’uko abarega bazivuga. Avuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru izo ndishyi nta muburanyi wazijuririye, bityo ko itari ngingo yo gusuzumwa, ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakuyeho izo ndishyi rubyibwirije mu buryo budasobanutse yemera ko ari ikosa rwakoze, ari na yo mpamvu ku itariki ya 27/02/2024 SANLAM AG Plc yandikiye abarega ibasaba nimero z‘amakonti yo gushyiraho izo ndishyi hakuwemo 800.000 Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza ariko ntibazitanga.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Impande zombi muri uru rubanza zemeranya ko indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zari zatanzwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye zitagombaga gukurwaho mu bujurire n’Urukiko Rukuru kubera ko nta muburanyi wari wazijuririye, ko kuba byarakozwe ari amakosa. [36] Ingingo ya 156 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteganya ko Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa ubujurire mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, ko rufata icyemezo ku ngingo zatumye uwatanze ubujurire ajurira cyangwa uwabwuririyeho na we akajurira. [37] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo imaze kuvugwa ndetse no ku byo ababuranyi b’impande zombi bemeranywaho, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarafashe icyemezo ku ndishyi z’ibangamiramuco kandi zitari zajuririwe rwarakoze amakosa, bityo izo ndishyi zikaba zigomba gusubizwa abari bazitsindiye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. Ni ukuvuga ko Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride buri wese agomba gusubizwa 810.000 Frw, na ho Uwimbabazi Immaculée agusubizwa 540.000 Frw.

3) Ibijyanye n’izindi ndishyi zivugwa muri uru rubanza [38] Me Gabiro David uhagarariye Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Florida na Uwimbabazi Immaculée avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kwemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc yashowe mu manza ngo rubihereho rwemeza ko abarega bacibwa 800.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, kuko kujurira byari uburenganzira bwabo, agasaba ko izo ndishyi zikurwaho. [39] Asaba kandi ko abo aburanira bahabwa 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza no gusubizwa 40.000 Frw y’igarama batahawe mu rubanza RCA

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00111/2023/HC/KIG rwasubirishijwemo ku mpamvu z‘akarengane, kuko kuri urwo rwego batsinzwe mu buryo bw’amaherere. Abasabira kandi guhabwa 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [40] SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko 800.000 Frw yagenewe mu Rukiko Rukuru afite ishingiro kuko ari yo yatsinze urubanza, ko nubwo kujurira ari uburenganzira bw’umuburanyi, igihe ubujurire budahawe ishingiro, uwajuriye aba akwiye kwirengera ikiguzi cyose uwo arega yishyuye ku rubanza. [41] Ikomeza ivuga ko n’izindi ndishyi zose zisabwa n’abarega, uretse kuba zidasobanutse, nta n’ishingiro zahabwa kuko kugeza ubu batagaragaza ikimenyetso na kimwe cyerekana ko nyakwigendera Nshimyumuremyi Vincent ari we wari usanzwe atunze ababyeyi be ari bo Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Florida. [42] Isoza ivuga ko, kubera ko byagaragariraga buri wese ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ikosa ryo gukuraho indishyi z’ibangamiramuco nta mpamvu, mu rwego rwo kwirinda izindi manza, SANLAM AG Plc yandikiye abarega ibasaba ko bakwemera ikabishyura izo ndishyi hamwe n’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe yose nk’uko byari byategetswe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye (3.152.200 Frw) ariko hagakurwamo 800.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza SANLAM AG Plc yagenewe ku rwego rw’ubujurire, abarega bakabyanga. Akaba ariyo mpamvu SANLAM AG Plc isanga no kuri uru rwego uru rubanza rutari ngombwa, ikaba ibifata nk’urubanza rw’amaherere (action teméraire et véxatoire), bityo ikabisabira indishyi zingana na 1.000.000 Frw, akubiyemo 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [43] Urukiko rusanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Florida na Uwimbabazi Immaculée basaba kuri uru rwego ntayo bakwiye guhabwa kubera ko hari ibyo batsindiwe. [44] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay‘ikurikiranarubanza batahawe mu rubanza RCA 00111/2023/HC/KIG, bakaba basaba kuyahabwa kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rurasanga na yo ntayo bagomba guhabwa kubera ko mu Rukiko Rukuru bari bajuriye basaba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu barazitsindirwa, kandi no kuri uru rwego Urukiko rwasanze ntazo bagomba guhabwa. [45] Naho ku birebana na 800.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka baciwe mu Rukiko Rukuru basaba gukurirwaho, Urukiko rurasanga ubusabe bwabo butahabwa ishingiro kubera ko ari bo batsinzwe urubanza muri urwo Rukiko, Urukiko rukaba rusanga nta kosa ryakozwe bategekwa kuyatanga kubera ko ari ihame ko umuburanyi utsinzwe urubanza ategekwa guha bene izo ndishyi uwamutsinze. [46] Ku birebana n’indishyi zirebana n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza zisabwa na SANLAM AG Plc, Urukiko rusanga ntazo igomba guhabwa kubera ko abo izisaba hari ibyo babonye babikesheje kuba barasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z‘akarengane.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [47] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Florida na Uwimbabazi Immaculée cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA 00111/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku itariki ya 31/01/2024, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; [48] Rwemeje ko urwo rubanza ruhindutse ku birebana n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco ; [49] Rwemeje ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera, ari bo Nzajyibwami Valens na Mukamabano Floride batagomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ; [50] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc guha Nzajyibwami Valens 810.000 Frw, Mukamabano Floride 810.000 Frw, na 540.000 Frw kuri Uwimbabazi Immaculée ; [51] Rutegetse Nzajyibwami Valens, Mukamabano Floride na Uwimbabazi Immaculée gufatanya guha SANLAM AG Plc 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza nk’uko bayategetswe mu Rukiko Rukuru.