SORAS v. SEBULIKOKO

SORAS v. SEBULIKOKO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-01-15 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0017/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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SORAS v. SEBULIKOKO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0017/12/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Nyirandabaruta na Gakwaya, J.) 15 Mutarama 2016] Amategeko agenga amasezearno – Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi – Amasezerano y’inyongera – Ntiyavuga ko ayo masezerano atayashyizeho umukono igihe uwishingiwe yayihereyeho yishyura imisanzu (prime). Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi – Gukurikirana uwafashe ubwishingizi – Umwishingizi afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana uwafashe ubwishingizi akamwishyuza hashingiwe ku masezerano y’inyongera bagiranye avuga ko umwishingizi asimbura nyiri ibikorwa byishingiwe mu burenganzira afite kandi akaba yakurikirana uwafashe ubwishingizi. Indishyi – Kuvutswa inyungu – Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel igomba kwishyura inyungu SORAS yagombaga kuronka mu mafaranga itamwishyuye kuko yishe amasezerano yanga kuyishyura bigatuma itabona inyungu yagombye kuba yarabonye – Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Indishyi – Amafaranga yo kwishyuza umwenda – Ntiyayahabwa igihe atagaragaza ko igihe urukiko ruzaba rwayategetse uzategekwa kuyishyura atazabikora. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 28/11/2008 Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yagiranye amasezerano n’Akarere ka Bugesera yo kubaka Ikigo Ngerabuzima cya Gakurazo yagombaga kurangira mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu. Mbere yo gusinya ayo masezerano, Entrprise

yari yarafashe ubwishingizi muri SORAS mu rwego rwo kurangiza iyo mirimo neza. Ayo masezerano yagombaga kurangira 25/5/2009 akaba ari nayo tariki iyo mirimo yagombaga kuba yarangiye. Akarere ka Bugesera kaje gusesa ayo masezerano nyuma yo gasaba Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kuyimurira ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Juru ikabyemera. Byashimangiwe n’amasezerano yo kuwa 23/06/2009 yerekeranye n’iyubakwa ry’icyo kigo. Mu gihe ayo masezerano yaratarasinywa ariko, SORAS yandikiye Akarere ikamenyesha ko yishingiye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kubera isoko yatsindiye ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Juru mu rwego rwo kuyirangiza neza. Ku wa 23/09/2009 Akarere kamenyesheje Entreprise ko amasezerano asheshwe kubera gutinda kurandiza imirimo nuko kandikira SORAS kayisaba kukishyura 17.942.335 Frw yari yishingiwe kuri iryo soko. Yarayishyuye itanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kuyisubiza ayo mafaranga. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko SORAS itsinzwe kuko yakoze amakosa yo kumenyesha Akarere ko yishingiye iyo mirimo itabanje gusaba Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kongera amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bari baragiranye kuwa 25/05/2009. Rwemeje ko ari ntaho SORAS yahera ikurikirana Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel mu gihe nta masezerano abiyihera uburenganzira ahari. SORAS yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga inenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaribeshye rugafata ibintu uko bitari rwemeza ko SORAS yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera nyamara amasezerano yari ifitanye na Entreprise SEBURIKOKO Emmanuel yari yararangiye.

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Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yasubije ko amasezerano impande zombi zari zagiranye arebana n’iyubakwa ry’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Gakurazo atariyo yimuriwe ku isoko ryo kuba Ikigo Nderabuzuma cya Juru. Banzuye ko igihe isoko ryari rihindutse n’amasezerano yagombaga guhinduka. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ntiyahakana amasezerano y’inyongera yongereraga agaciro amasezerano yari yaragiranye na SORAS ivuvuga ko itayashyizeho umukono inavuga kandi ko ayo masezerano atashoboraga kongerera igihe amasezerano yarangiye mu gihe yayashingiyeho yishyura inyongera ya prime yishyuwe kubera ko isoko ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Juru ryari rihenze ugereranyije n’iryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Gakurazo ryari ryumvikanyweho mu masezerano ya mbere.

2. Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Bityo, Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ntiyavuga ko batashoboraga kongera igihe cya garantie de bonne exécution mu gihe amasezerano yayo yari yarangiye, kuko amasezerano arebana n’imirimo y’isoko ryari ryafatiwe ubwishingizi itakozwe ikimurirwa ahandi ariko igakomezwa na rwiyemezamirimo umwe wakomeje gukorana n’umwishingizi umwe bakemeranya ko ingwate yari yatanzwe yimurirwa ku isoko rishya, na prime ikiyongera aho gukora andi masezerano mashya, byumvikanisha ko ibyo bakoze bikurikije amategeko dore ko amasezerano ashobora guhindurwa bisabwe n’uwishingiwe cyangwa umwishingizi mu gihe hari igituma ingaruka z’ibyishingiwe ziyongera cyangwa hashobora kuvuka ingaruka nshya zitishingiwe zikomotse ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Kuba rero impande zombi zarumvikanye ko umwishingizi asimbura nyiri ibikorwa byishingiwe mu burenganzira afite kandi akaba yakurikirana uwafashe ubwishingizi byumvikanisha ko SORAS ikwiye gusubizwa na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel, 17.945.335 Frw y’ingwate SORAS yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera ku bwishingizi bwafashwe n’iyo Entreprise, hishingirwa kurangiza neza imirimo ijyanye n’isoko ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU.

3. Igikorwa cyose cy'umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse. Kuba SORAS ari sosiyete y’ubucuruzi kandi ikaba yaranze kubahiriza amasezerano impande zombi zari zaragiranye yanga kuyishyura amafaranga SORAS yishyuye ubu bikaba byarayivukije inyungu yagombye kuba yarayakomoyeho byumvikanisha ko igomba guhabwa inyungu.

4. Ntiyahabwa amafaranga yo kwishyuza uwo mwenda igihe atagaragza ko uwishyuzwa nitegekwa n’Urukiko gusubiza amafaranga itazabikora. Si ngombwa kandi gusuzuma ubujurire bwiririye ku bundi bwa Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kuko yatsinzwe n’urubanzamu ngingo zose. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro; Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel itegetswe gusubuza SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd 17.945.335 Frw na 18.035.061 Frw y’inyungu zayo, ikamuha na 1000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka; Itegetswe kandi kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko No 12/2007 ryo ku wa 27/03/2007 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, ingingo ya 75.

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Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/7/1988 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yagiranye amasezerano n’Akarere ka Bugesera ku wa 28/11/2008 yo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima (Centre de Santé) cya GAKURAZO, imirimo y’iryo soko ikaba yaragombaga kurangira mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (ni ukuvuga kugeza ku wa 25/05/2009). Mbere y’isinywa ry’ayo masezerano, Entrepsire SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yafashe ubwishingizi muri SORAS ku wa 26/11/2008, bugamije kwishingira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo masezerano, ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi nayo akaba yaragombaga kurangira ku wa 25/05/2009 nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo yayo ya 6. [2] Akarere ka Bugesera kahagaritse ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imirimo y’isoko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yari yatsindiye, kemeza ko iyo mirimo ikomereza ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya JURU, Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel irabyemera, ku wa 23/06/2009 asinyana n’Akarere andi masezerano yerekeranye n’iyubakwa ry’icyo Kigo Nderabuzima cya JURU. [3] Mu gihe ayo masezerano mashya hagati ya Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel n’Akarere ka Bugesera yari atarasinywa, ku wa 03/01/2009, SORAS yandikiye Akarere ka Bugesera ikamenyesha ko yishingiye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kubera imirimo yatsindiye yo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU. [4] Ku wa 23/09/2009, Akarere ka Bugesera kandikiye

Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kayimenyesha ko amasezerano bari bagiranye asheshwe ku mpamvu y’uko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yatinze kurangiza imirimo yari yiyemeje gukora. [5] Ku wa 15/12/2009, Akarere ka Bugesera kandikiye SORAS kayisaba kukishyura 17.942.335 Frw yari yishingiye kuri iryo soko, SORAS irayishyura, hanyuma itanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba ko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ayisubiza amafaranga yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOM 0021/11/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 10/08/2011, rushingiye ku kuba SORAS yarakoze ikosa ryo kumenyesha Akarere ka Bugesera ku wa 03/06/2009 ko yishingiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imirimo y’isoko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yatsindiye, ibyo SORAS ikabikora itabanje gusaba Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kongera amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bagiranye yarangiye ku wa 25/05/2009, ariyo yaheshaga SORAS uburenganzira bwo kuba yakwishyuza Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ibyo izaba yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera, rwemeje ko ari ntaho SORAS yahera ikurikirana Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel mu gihe nta masezerano abiyihera uburenganzira ahari, bityo ko ikirego cya SORAS nta shingiro gifite.

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[7] SORAS ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, irujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/03/2012, ivuga ko Urukiko rwibeshye rugafata ibintu uko bitari kuko rutari kuvuga ko SORAS yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera amasezerano ifitanye na Entreprise SEBURIKOKO Emmanuel yararangiye kuko SORAS yishingiye « la bonne exécution de travaux », ko kandi habayeho kwivuguruza k’Urukiko kubera ko rutari kuvuga ko SORAS idafite uburenganzira kuri « action subrogatoire » noneho ngo rwange kwakira ikirego cya SORAS rushingiye ku kuba amasezerano ya SORAS na Entreprise SEBURIKOKO Emmanuel yari yarangiye. [8] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryashyizwe ku wa 30/06/2015, uwo munsi ruburanishwa SORAS ihagarariwe na Me NKURUNZIZA François Xavier naho Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ihagarariwe na Me RWAGATARE Janvier. Kuri uwo munsi isomwa ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 31/07/2015, uwo munsi hafatwa icyemezo mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi ko SORAS izabanza igashyikiriza Urukiko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi no 010/792/1/0001733/2008 yo ku wa 25/12/2008 yabaye hagati ya SORAS na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel, avugwa mu ibaruwa no 02/168/10/M.A. yo ku wa 04/06/2010, SORAS yandikiye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yishyuza ingwate yo kurangiza imirimo neza SORAS yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 20/10/2015, uwo munsi nabwo ryimurirwa ku wa 08/12/2015 kuko SORAS yari itarashyikiriza Urukiko ibyo

rwayitegetse kuzana. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1) Kumenya niba SORAS ikwiye gusubizwa 17.945.335 Frw yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera ku bwishingizi bwafashwe na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel [9] Me NKURUNZIZA François Xavier uhagarariye SORAS avuga ko urukiko rwibeshye rugafata ibintu uko bitari, ko rutari kuvuga ko SORAS yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera amasezerano ifitanye na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yararangiye kuko SORAS yishingiye «la bonne exécution des travaux». [10] Avuga ko mu ikubitiro amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yasinywe ku wa 26/11/2008 SORAS yishingiraga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amazeserano y’ubwubatsi bw’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya GAKURAZO yaje guseswa agasimbuzwa ayashyizweho umukono ku wa 23/06/2009, yo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU, yagombaga kubahirizwa mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu, ni ukuvuga kugeza ku wa 22/12/2009, ko rero SORAS yemeye guhinduranya ubwishingizi bwari bwafashwe bugashyirwa ku isoko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yahawe ry’inyubako ya JURU, igatanga «garantie de bonne fin des travaux» ku bw’iryo soko. [11] Me NKURUNZIZA François Xavier avuga ko «garantie» yahawe Akarere ka Bugesera ari «garantie à première demande» yari ifite agaciro kugeza igihe cya «récéption définitive» kandi ko n’ubwo amasezerano y’ubwishingizi na «garantie à première demande» bitarangirira rimwe, ko icy’ingezi ari uko Akarere ka Bugesera kagaragaje ko

«Entreprise » SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel itubahirije ibyo isabwa, noneho yo igasabwa kwishyurwa. [12] Akomeza avuga ko nyuma y’iseswa ry’amasezerano ashingiye ku isoko rya GAKURAZO, Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yagarutse muri SORAS akayisaba ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yari ku isoko rya GAKURAZO yashyirwa ku masezerano y’isoko rya JURU; ko nta yandi masezerano yanditse yakozwe hagati ya SORAS na Entreprise

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SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yerekana ko ubwishingizi bwari ubw’inyubako ya GAKURAZO bwimuriwe ku nyubako ya JURU, ariko ko ayo masezerano yanditse yandi atari ngombwa mu gihe SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel yabisabye mu magambo, kuko ibyo bibaho mu bijyanye n’ ubucuruzi aho abantu bumvikana bitabaye ngombwa ko habaho amasezerano yanditse, kandi ko iyo umuntu yatanze igiciro cya serivisi ntikorwe uwatanze igiciro ashobora gusaba ko icyo giciro gishyirwa ku yindi serivisi. [13] Avuga kandi ko ku kibazo kijyanye na «garantie» «Entreprise» SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel yari ifite ijya kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU, iyo «Entreprise» yagombaga kugaragaza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi mbere yo gutangira imirimo kandi akerekana aho yishyuriye, kuko «garantie de bonne exécution» yishyura ibyo rwiyemezamirimo atakoze cyangwa yakoze nabi, bikaba bitari ngombwa ko ayo mafaranga aba yanditse mu masezerano kuko bishobora gukorwa nabi cyangwa ntibikorwe akaba ariyo mpamvu biba bitazwi, ko ubwishingizi batanga ari nka «assurance responsabilité civile», ko iyo icyishingiwe cyangirije undi, umwishingizi yishyura, ariko ko iyo cyangirije undi ku makosa y’uwishingiwe nabwo umwishingizi yishyura ariko agahindukira akishyuza uwishingiwe kuko haba habayeho ikosa rye, ko aho ari ho «le droit subrogatoire» ituruka. [14] Kuri iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire, Me RWAGATARE Janvier uhagarariye «Entreprise» SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel avuga ko

amasezerano yari ku isoko rya GAKURAZO atari yo yimuriwe ku isoko rya JURU, ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 6 y’amasezerano y’isoko rya GAKURAZO, mu gihe isoko ryari rihindutse n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yagombaga guhinduka, akaba atari ko byagenze kuko baba barasabye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel gutanga «prime» y’inyongera, ko rero SORAS yakoze «garantie de bonne exécution des travaux» ishingiye ku masezerano yari atakiriho. [15] Me RWAGATARE Janvier avuga ko ikindi cyagombaga guhinduka muri ayo masezerano ari amafaranga SORAS yagombaga kwishyurwa (prime), ko rero SORAS yagize uburangare ntisabe ko amasezerano avugururwa, bakaba basanga ibyo umucamanza wa mbere yabonye ari byo, kuko amasezerano SORAS yari gushingiraho yishyura Akarere ka Bugesera yari atakiriho, ikaba itaragombaga kwishyura, ko rero itakwitwaza amakosa yakoze ngo yishyuze Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel. [16] Me RWAGATARE Janvier uhagarariye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel avuga ko indi mpamvu SEBULIKOKO asanga SORAS idakwiriye kumwishyuza ari uko ajya gufata ubwishingizi hari «prime» SORAS yamusabye kwishyura, iyo «prime» ikaba ari yo SORAS yishyuyeho Akarere ka Bugesera. [17] Me Rwagatare avuga ko ku kibazo kijyanye na «garantie» Entreprise SEBULIKOKO yari ifite ijya kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Juru», uwo yubakiraga (le maître d’ouvrage) ntayo yasabye, ko yabasabye guhindura isoko, kandi ko

SEBULIKOKO atari we wagombaga kwibutsa Akarere kari kibagiwe kumusaba «garantie». Avuga kandi ko yamenyesheje umwishingizi we ko amasezerano yahindutse, ko rero hagombaga gukorwa andi masezerano, byaba ngombwa umwishingizi akababwira niba «prime» batanze izakomeza ku isoko rishya. [18] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryarafundikiwe ariko ryongera gupfundurwa kuwa 20/10/2015, nk’uko byavuzwe mu gika cya [8] cy’urubanza kuri iyo tariki nabwo ryimurirwa ku wa

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08/12/2015, ariko mbere y’uko iyo tariki igera Me NKURUNZIZA François Xavier uhagarariye SORAS yashyikirije Urukiko inyandiko ivuga ko amasezerano no 0010/792/1/0001733/2008 yo kuwa 25/12/2008 nta yigeze abaho hagati y’ababuranyi, ko ari amakosa y’imyandikire yabaye mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 04/06/2010 yavuzwe haruguru, iyo nyandiko iza iherekejwe na « quittance de prime » yo ku wa 03/06/2009 Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yishyuye ingana na 182.756 Frw, na «Avenant» no 010/790/04/000040/2009 kuri « Caution de bone fin» nayo yo kuwa 03/06/2009. [19] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 08/12/2015, Me NKURUNZIZA F. Xavier yabwiye Urukiko ko nyuma y’uko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ihagarikiwe isoko ry’inyubako y’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya GAKURAZO ikagirana n’Akarere andi masezerano y’isoko ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU nta yandi mazeserano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel na SORAS ajyanye n’iryo soko rya nyuma, ko icyakozwe ari « Avenant». [20] Me RWAGATARE Janvier nawe yavuze ko amasezerano no 0010/792/1/0001733/2008 yo ku wa 25/12/2008 nabo batayazi, ko niba SORAS ivuga ko byabaye kwibeshya bishoboka koko ko atabayeho. Ku byerekeye « Avenant » yakozwe, yavuze ko nta yashobokaga ku masezerano yari atakiriho, ko ahubwo hari gukorwa andi masezerano, ko kandi n’iyo « avenant » uwo yunganira bigaragara ko atigeze ayisinya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA. [21] Ingingo ya 75

y’Itegeko no 12/2007 ryo ku wa 27/03/2007 rigenga amasoko ya Leta iteganya ko « ingwate yo kurangiza isoko neza igomba gutangwa n’uwegukanye isoko mbere yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano y’isoko. Agaciro k’ingwate yo kurangiza isoko neza ntikagomba kujya munsi ya gatanu ku ijana (5%) cyangwa hejuru y’icumi ku ijana (10%) y’agaciro k’isoko ». [22] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 26/11/2008 Entreprise SEBURIKOKO Emmanuel yagiranye na SORAS amasezerano y’ubwishingizi no 010/790/1/001733/2008, yerekeranye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imirimo y’isoko iyo « Entreprise » yari yahawe n’Akarere ka Bugesera yo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya GAKURAZO. Ingingo ya mbere y’ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi igaragaza ko icyishingiwe ari ukurangiza neza imirimo y’isoko (garantie de bonne fin d’exécution du marché), iya 2 iteganya ko « ufashe ubwishingizi afite inshingano yo kumenyesha SORAS impinduka zose zerekeranye n’iryo soko kimwe n’impaka zose ziryerekeye » (le souscripteur s’engage à informer la SORAS de toute modification des conditions du marché, ainsi que de toute contestation et des plaintes formulees contre lui), iya 4 iteganya ko « ufashe ubwishingizi yemeza gusa ko Umwishingizi yishyura, ariko ko uwishingiwe ariwe urebwa mbere na mbere n’ubwishingizi » (Le souscripteur n’intervient que comme avaliseur. Le débiteur principal reste l’assuré)…. Naho iya 6 igateganya « ko akozwe mu gihe

cy’amezi atandatu yuzuye abarwa uhereye ku wa 26/11/2008, akaba agomba guhita arangira nta yindi nteguza ku wa 25/05/2009 (le présent contrat est souscrit pour une durée ferme de 6 mois à compter du 26/11/2008. Il expire de plein droit et sans autre avis le 25/05/2009). [23] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza kandi nk’uko biri muri « quittance de prime no 021605/2009, ko ku wa 03/06/2009, Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yishyuye SORAS

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«PRIME» ingana na 182.756 Frw muri FINA BANK Ltd, ijyanye n’amasezerano no 010/790/1/001733/2008 afite agaciro kuva ku wa 26/11/2008 kugeza ku wa 25/12/2009, hakoreshejwe sheki no 00000061, ko kuri iyo tariki, hakozwe « Avenant » no 010/790/04/000040/2009 kuri ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi, akongererwa igihe akagira agaciro ko kuva kuwa 26/11/2008 kugeza ku wa 25/12/2009 ndetse na « caution de bonne fin» yishingiwe igahinduka ikava kuri 16.322.705 Frw ikaba 17. 92.335 Frw. [24] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko kuri iyo tariki ya 03/06/2009 ariho SORAS yandikiye Akarere ka Bugesera ikamenyesha ko, ibisabwe na «Entreprise» SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel, yishingiye irangizwa neza (garantie de bonne exécution) ry’inyubako y’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Juru ku gaciro katarenze 17.942.335Frw; ku wa 16/12/2009 Akarere ka Bugesera kandikiye Umuyobozi Mukuru wa SORAS kamusaba kwishyura ingwate yari yahaye «Entreprise» SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yo kurangiza imirimo neza yo kubaka ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 4 y’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yavuzwe haruguru ; ku wa 04/06/2010, SORAS yandikiye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel iyimenyesha ko Akarere ka Bugesera kayishyuza, inayimenyesha ko niba mu minsi 5 ibarwa uhereye igihe iboneye iyo baruwa, idashoboye kumvikana n’Akarere ka Bugesera, SORAS yiteguye guhita yishyura, hanyuma Akarere kishyurwa miliyoni cumi n’indwi n’ibihumbi magana

cyenda na mirongo ine na bibiri na magana atatu mirongo itatu n’atanu (17.942.335frw) nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko Akarere ka Bugesera kemereyeho ko kayakiriye ku wa 14/06/2009. [25] Urukiko rusanga nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, mbere yo gutangira imirimo y’isoko ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU, Entreprise SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel yaragombaga, nk’uko ingingo ya 75 y’Itegeko no 12/2007 ryo ku wa 27/03/2007 rigenga amasoko ya Leta yavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya, kubanza gutanga ingwate yo kurangiza neza, akaba ari muri urwo rwego ku wa 03/06/2009 yishyuye « prime » ya 182.756 Frw ashingiye ku masezerano no 010/790/1/001733/2008 y’ubwishingizi bwo kurangiza neza imirimo y’isoko, afite agaciro gahera ku wa 26/11/2008 kugeza ku wa 25/12/2009. [26] Urukiko rurasanga ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi no 010/790/1/001733/2008, yari afite agaciro gahera ku wa 26/11/2008 kugeza ku wa 25/12/2008 yarongerewe igihe na « Avenant no 010/790/4/000040/2009 yo ku wa 03/06/2009 igaragaza ko ingwate SORAS yishingiye ivuye kuri 16.322.705 Frw ikaba 17.942.335 Frw, imvugo y’uhagarariye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel y’uko iyo « avenant » itahabwa agaciro kuko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel atayishyizeho umukono kandi ikaba itari kongerera igihe amasezerano yarangiye, iyo mvugo nta shingiro ifite, kuko iyo «Avenant» Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yayishingiyeho yishyura inyongera ya «prime» ingana na

182.756 Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa na « quittance de prime no 021605/2009 yo ku wa 03/06/2009, yavuzwe haruguru. Iyo nyongera ya «prime» Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ikaba yarayishyuye bitewe n’uko isoko ryo kubaka ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU ryari iry’amafaranga menshi ugereranyije n’irya GAKURAZO nk’uko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO yabisobanuye mu ibaruwa yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ku wa 28/10/2009 asaba kurenganurwa, aho yagaragaje ko isoko rya JURU yarihawe kuri 2.000.000 Frw mu gihe irya GAKURAZO ryari irya 600.000 Frw, bikaba byumvikana ko ingwate yagombaga kwiyongera. [27] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 30 Nyakanga 1888 rishyiraho Igitabo cya gatatu cy’ urwunge rw'amategeko y'imbonezamubano yakoreshwaga igihe

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SORAS na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel bashyiraga umukono ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye, no ku masezerano y’inyongera nayo yavuzwe,. kuba SORAS na Entreprise Emmanuel barashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi no 010/790/4/000040/2009 ku wa 26/11/2008 bakayaha igihe cyo kugeza ku wa 25/05/2008 nyamara imirimo y’isoko ryari ryafatiwe ubwishingizi ntikorwe, ikimurirwa ahandi ariko igakomezwa na rwiyemezamirimo umwe wakomeje gukorana na wa mwishingizi umwe, bakemeranya ko ingwate yari yatanzwe yimurirwa ku isoko rishya ryatanzwe, bakumvikana ku nyongera ya « prime » yishyuwe na rwiyemezamirimo, aho gukora andi masezerano mashya bagahitamo kongera guha ubuzima amasezerano ya mbere, ari nta tegeko abagiranye ayo masezerano banyuranyije naryo, ahubwo ibyo bemeranyijwe byarabaye itegeko hagati yabo, bityo imvugo y’uhagarariye Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel y’uko batashoboraga kongera igihe cya « garantie de bonne exécution » amasezerano yayo yarangiye, ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kandi n’abahanga bavuga ko amasezerano ashobora guhindurwa bisabwe n’uwishingiwe cyangwa umwishingizi mu gihe hari igituma ingaruka z’ibyishingiwe ziyongera cyangwa hashobora kuvuka ingaruka nshya zitishingiwe zikomotse ku mpamvu zitandukanye1. Kuba rero imirimo ijyanye n’isoko

rya GAKURAZO yari yimuriwe ku isoko rya JURU, birumvikana ko « avenant » yakozwe yari igamije guha ubuzima bushya amasezerano ajyanye no kurangiza neza imirimo y’isoko ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU kuko ingwate yari yatanzwe kuri bene iyo mirimo ariko ntikorwe. [29] Urukiko rurasanga rero ku wa 03/06/2009, ari bwo SORAS na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel bashyize umukono ku masezerano y’inyongera (Avenant) ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi no 010/790/4/000040/2009 ku wa 26/11/2008, bayaha agaciro kugeza ku wa 25/12/2009, iyo tariki niyo Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yishyuyeho inyongera ya ”prime”, akaba ari nabyo SORAS yashingiyeho yandikira Akarere ka Bugesera ikamenyesha ko ikemereye ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo yo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU; bigaragaza rero ko SORAS ijya gutanga iyo ngwate itayitanze ishingiye ku masezerano atakiriho kuko uwo munsi amasezerano yari yasubijwe ubuzima nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. Ibi birahindura ibyari byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko “SORAS yakoze ikosa ryo kumenyesha Akarere ka Bugesera ku wa 03/06/2009 ko yishingiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imirimo y’isoko rya JURU, ikabikora itabanje gusaba Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel kongera amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bagiranye yarangiye ku wa 25/05/2009 ariyo yaheshaga SORAS uburenganzira bwo kuba yakwishyuza Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ibyo izaba yishyuye Akarere ka

Bugesera”, rukabishingiraho rwemeza ko ari ntaho SORAS yahera ikurikirana SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel mu gihe nta masezerano abiyihera uburenganzira ahari, kuko amasezerano yariho nk’uko byagaragajwe. 1 Le contrat d’assurance peut être modifié, sur proposition de l’assuré ou de l’assureur. Il doit être modifié lorsque de nouvelles circonstances ont pour conséquence d’aggraver le risque couvert par le contrat d’assurance ou de créer de nouveaux risques. L’assureur ou l’assuré peut proposer une modification du contrat: par exemple, nouvelles conditions de garantie, suppression ou ajout d’exclusions, changements relatifs aux plafonds de garantie ou aux franchises, réévaluation des capitaux assurés). http://www.ffsa.fr/sites/jcms/c_33716/fr/les-modifications-du-contrat-dassurance?cc=c_51663. Consulté le 15/01/2015.

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[30] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiye ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru, hakurikijwe kandi ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 4 y’ amasezerano no 010/790/1/001733/2008, yo ku wa 26/11/2008 nk’uko yongerewe igihe n’amasezerano y’inyongera (Avenant) no 010/790/4/000040/2009 yo ku wa 03/06/2009, iteganya ko umwishingizi asimbura nyiri ibikorwa byishingiwe mu burenganzira afite kandi akaba yakurikirana uwafashe ubwishingizi, (L’assureur est donc subrogé de plein droit dans les droits et actions du maître d’ouvrage contre le souscripteur, à concurrence de garantie à cet effet, un droit de recours sera exercé par l’assureur contre le souscripteur, ses descendants, ou ses héritiers pour le remboursement de ses débours »…., SORAS ikwiye gusubizwa na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO N. Emmanuel, 17.945.335 Frw y’ingwate SORAS yishyuye Akarere ka Bugesera ku bwishingizi bwafashwe n’iyo Entreprise, hishingirwa kurangiza neza imirimo ijyanye n’isoko ryo kubaka Ikigo Nderabuzima cya JURU.

2) Kumenya niba SORAS Ltd ikwiye guhabwa indishyi isaba. [31] Me NKURUNZIZA François-Xavier avuga ko SORAS ikwiye guhabwa na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel inyungu za 18% guhera ku wa 26/01/2010, amafaranga bazakoresha bishyuza (frais de recouvrement) angana na 2.692. 800 Frw, n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 10% ni ukuvuga 1.794.534 Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA. [32] Ingingo ya 258 y’Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/7/1988 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’ urwunge rw'amategeko y'imbonezamubano iteganya ko « igikorwa cyose cy'umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse ». [33] N’ubwo Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel ntacyo yavuze kuri izo ndishyi SORAS isaba, Urukiko rurasanga kuba yaranze kubahiriza ku neza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yagiranye na SORAS ikanga kuyisubiza amafaranga yishyuwe Akarere ka Bugesera kubera ko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel itashoboye kurangiza neza imirimo y’isoko yahawe n’ako Karere bigatuma SORAS yiyambaza inkiko, Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel igomba kubitangira indishyi. [34] Urukiko rurasanga SORAS ari sosiyete y’ubucuruzi, kuba Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel yaranze kuyishyura amafaranga yayo guhera igihe yishyuriwe Akarere ka Bugesera kugeza ubu, byarayivukije (SORAS) inyungu yakabaye yarayakomoyeho, ikaba igomba kubarirwa inyungu ku rwunguko rwa 18% igahabwa inyungu zingana na , zibazwe uhereye ku wa 14/06/2010, igihe yaherewe

Akarere, kugeza ku munsi urubanza ruciriweho, amafaranga yose hamwe agomba gusubizwa hiyongereyeho inyungu akaba ari : 17.945.335 Frw + 18.035.061 Frw = 35.980.395 Frw. [35] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga ya « recouvrement » SORAS yaka itayahabwa kubera ko atari mu masezerano yagiranye na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel, kandi ikaba itagaragaza ko Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel nitegekwa n’Urukiko gusubiza amafaranga itazabikora, ahubwo igomba guhabwa amafaranga angana na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.

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[36] Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Entreprise SEBULIKOKO Emmanuel bugamije kwaka indishyi kuko itsindwa n’urubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [37] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd bufite ishingiro; [38] Rutegetse Entreprise SEBULIKOKO NIYOMWUNGERI Emmanuel gusubiza SORAS Assurances Générales Ltd 17.945.335 Frw na 18.035.061 Frw y’inyungu zayo, ikamuha na 100.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, yose hamwe akaba 36. 980.396 Frw. [39] Rutegetse Entreprise SEBULIKOKO NIYOMWUNGERI Emmanuel kwishyura amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza angana na 100.000 Frw.