TRANSCORWA v. BCR

TRANSCORWA v. BCR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2012-07-20 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0097/10/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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TRANSCORWA v. BCR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0097/10/CS (Mugenzi, P.J., Mukamulisa na Rugabirwa, J.) 20/07/2012] Indishyi – Indishyi z’ubucuruzi – Ntizihabwa uzisaba iyo atagaragaza igihombo mu bucuruzi bwe cyatewe n’uwo azisaba – Nta mpamvu yo guhabwa indishyi zikomoka ku isoko uzisaba avuga ko yatakaje biturutse ku kibazo cy’amadolari yari igenewe banki itayihaye mu gihe byaje kugaragara ko yari yoherejwe biturutse ku kwibeshya. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku kibazo cya transfert y’amafaranga y’amadolari y’amanyamerika angana na 173.797 USA yaturutse muri Bank of America ajya kuri konti ya sosiyete yitwa TRANSCORGE muri BCR. Nyuma yaho TRANSCORGE yaje kurega BCR mu rukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi isaba ko ayo mafaranga yafatiriwe na BCR yayasubizwa kuko itayabonye, inavuga ko kutayabona byatumye itakaza isoko ry’ubwikorezi bw’ibintu yari yabonye muri Catholic Relief Service (CRS) biyitera igihombo bityo ikaba ibisabira indishyi z’ubucuruzi. BCR yisobanura ivuga ko nta kosa yakoze yemera yuko yoherejwe ayo mafaranga ariko ko nyuma bank of America yayandikiye iyisaba guhita kuyasubiza ivuga ko yayohereje yibeshye, BCR ivuga ko nayo yahise ibikora irayasubiza. Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya TRANSCORGE gisaba indishyi nta shingiro gifite kuko amadolari isaba gusubizwa atarayayo kubera ko yoherejwe kubwo kwibeshya,urukiko ruyitegeka guha BCR indishyi

mpozamarira zingana na 500.000 Frws hamwe n’indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 1.000.000 frws TRANSCORGE ijurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko itishimiye indishyi zagenewe BCR kuko umucamanza atagaragaje impamvu yazo. BCR ivuga ko yemera transfert y’amadolari angana na 173.797 ariko ko atigeze afatirwa kuri konti ya TRANSCORGE kuko bank of America itigeze igaragaza uwo yoherejwe, nyuma izano gusaba ko isaba yayasubizwa ivuga ko yibeshye iyohereza, BCR nayo ihita iyasubiza. Uhagarariye CRS yarahamagajwe mu rukiko kugirango nawe agire icyo avuga kuri iki kibazo, aritaba, avuga ko bagiranaga amasezerano y’ubwikorezi bw’ibintu na TRANSCORGE, ariko ko hatangazwaga isoko rigahabwa uwaritsindiye, bivuze rero ko kuba TRANSCORGE itaratsindiye isoko bigomba kuba byaratewe nuko itari yaratanze igiciro cyiza, bityo kuba ivuga ko yaba yararyambuwe atari ukuri nkuko ibivuga. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Nta mpamvu yo guhabwa indishyi zikomoka ku isoko uzisaba avuga ko yatakaje biturutse ku kibazo cy’amadolari yari igenewe banki itayihaye mu gihe byaje kugaragara ko yari yoherejwe biturutse ku kwibeshya. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwareze. Nta mategeko yakoreshejwe.

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Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA MURI MAKE [1] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza ku kirego cya TRANSCORWA cyavuzwe haruguru, rwemeza ko nta shingiro gifite, ruyitegeka guha BCR indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 1.000.000 Frw hamwe n’indishyi mpozamarira zingana na 500.000 Frw. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ubucuruzi TRANSCORWA yari yasabye, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko amadolari isaba Atari ayayo kuko uwayohereje yasabye ko asubizwa kubera ko yari yoherejwe ku bwo kwibeshya. [2] TRANSCORWA ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ijuririra Urukiko rw’Ikirenga,ivuga ko umucamanza atitaye ku byo BCR yemereye mu rubanza aho yavuze ko hari 173,797 USD yohererejwe BCR, nyamara nyuma ngo ihindura imvugo ivuga ko yagize ikibazo cy’uko uwohereje ayo madolari nta nº ya konti cyangwa uwo yohererejwe yagaragaje, ko kandi yayasubije uwayohereje abisabye. Inavuga ko itishimiye indishyi zagenewe BCR kuko umucamanza atagaragaje impamvu yazo. BCR ihakana kuba yarafatiriye amadolari 173,797 USD, kuko yayasubije Bank of America yari yayohereje nyuma y’uko iyimenyesheje ko yayohereje yibeshye. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi yagenewe,BCR ivuga ko Umucamanza yasobanuye ko yazigennye amaze gusanga zikurikije amategeko nk’uko biboneka kuri kopi y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [3] Iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi ryabaye mu ruhame ku wa 26/07/2011, ku wa 10/04/2012, no ku wa 14/06/2012, TRANSCORWA

iburanirwa na Me Rwagatare Janvier na Me Nkurunziza Chrisostome, BCR iburanira na Me Gakwaya Etienne. URUBANZA R.Com.A. 0097/10/CS URUPAPURO RWA KABIRI II. IBYASUZUMWE N’URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA Kumenya niba BCR yarafatiriye amadolari 173,797 USD yari yohererejwe TRANSCORWA kandi ko igomba kubitangira indishyi. [4] TRANSCORWA ivuga ko umucamanza wa mbere atitaye ku byo BCR yemereye mu rubanza ko hari 173,797 USD yohererejwe iyo banki, nyamara nyuma ihindura imvugo, ivuga ko itamenye uwo yohererejwe kandi yari agenewe TRANSCORWA ndetse no mu rubanza rwaciwe, ku gace ka 33, umucamanza akaba yemera ko TRANSCORWA yandikiye BCR iyibaza

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ibyerekeye amadolari 173,797 USD yohererejwe ku itariki ya 21/09/2001, yerekana na gihamya ko ayo madolari yagombaga kuva kuri Bank of America ajya kuri konti ya TRANSCORWA muri BCR, nyamara Urukiko rwemeza ko nta wari ugenewe ayo madolari (destinataire) wamenyekanye kandi ibyo bidashoboka kuko mu mikorere ya za banki, iyo hakozwe “transfert” y’amafaranga, hagaragazwa uwo yohererejwe. Inibaza aho ayo madolari yari aherereye harebwe igihe yohererejwe n’igihe BCR yayagaragaje kuri konti yayo. [5] TRANSCORWA inavuga ko kubera ko BCR yamaze amezi atatu yarafatiriye amadolari yamaze kuvugwa kandi yari iyagenewe, yakurikiranye iby’iryo fatira, maze bituma itakaza isoko ry’ubwikorezi bw’ibintu bya Catholic Relief Services (C.R.S) kuko kugeza icyo gihe ariyo buri gihe yatsindiraga iryo soko, nyamara aho ikibazo cya “transfert” y’amadolari yavuzwe kivukiye, C.R.S ishyira amamaniza mu itangwa ry’isoko ryakurikiyeho ku buryo TRANSCORWA itongeye kurihabwa. [6] Uburanira BCR avuga ko itigeze ihakana ko hari “transfert” y’amadolari 173,797 yakozwe, ahubwo ko yasobanuye ko Bank of America yari yayohereje mbere itari yagaragaje uwo yohererejwe, na nyuma yandikira BCR iyibwira ko yayohereje yibeshye, ndetse iyisaba guhita iyayisubiza, nayo irabikora, kandi byose bikorerwa kuri konti ya BCR yo muri Bank of America, ko rero nta mafaranga yigeze afatirwa kuri konti ya TRANSCORWA, bityo ko nta kosa

yayikoreye nk’uko umucamanza wa mbere yabyemeje. [7] Fortuné Agboton witabye Urukiko ahagarariye CRS yasobanuye ko bagerageje kubaza CRS yo ku kicaro cyabo muri America niba igifite inyandiko z’umwimerere za “transfert” ya 173,797 USD yabaye ku wa 21/09/2001,babasubiza ko batabashije kuzibona kuko inyandiko z’ibaruramari zibikwa mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi gusa, nyuma yaho bikaba bitoroshye kuzibona cyokora ko bafite kopi zazo. Yanavuze ko icyo azi ku mikoranire ya TRANSCORWA na CRS ari uko bagiranaga amasezerano y’ubwikorezi y’igihe kizwi cyagombaga buri gihe kurangira iyo ibyo kwikorera byabaga birangiye, ko iyo habaga habonetse ibindi byo kwikorera, hagatangazwa irindi soko, rigahabwa uwaritsindiye, ko rero niba TRANSCORWA itararitsindiye, bigomba kuba byaratewe n’uko itari yatanze igiciro cyiza, bityo imvugo yayo y’uko yambuwe isoko yari ifite bikaba atari ukuri kuko amasezerano ya mbere bari baragiranye yari yararangiye. [8] Ku bijyanye na “transfert” yakomotseho uru rubanza, yavuze ko mu mwaka wa 2001, igihe TRANSCORWA yari yaratsindiye isoko ry’ubwikorezi by’ibintu bya CRS, CRS yibeshye iriha inshuro ebyiri fagitire ya TRANSCORWA ya 173,797 USD, imaze kubona ikosa ryabaye, yandikira BCR yari yanyujijweho ayo madolari iyisaba kuyayisubiza nayo irayiyoherereza, ndetse ko n’indi fagitire ya nyuma y’amadolari 59,592 CRS yayishyuye ubu ikaba nta mwenda ibereyemo

TRANSCORWA. [9] Urukiko rusanga inyandiko ya “transfert” yo ku itariki ya 21/09/2001 igaragaza ko hari amadolari 173,797 Bank of America yoherereje BCR, ariko nk’uko inyandiko ziri muri dosiye zibigaragaza, nyuma Bank of Amerca yandikiye BCR iyisaba uburenganzira bwo gukura kuri konti yayo (to debit) ayo madolari,inasobanura ko yari yanyujijwe kuri Bank Of Amerca avuye muri Chase Manatthan Bank N.Y yaje kubona ko yayohereje yibeshye, maze isaba ko yagarurwa (cote 26). Kuri kopi y’inyandiko ikubiyemo ibyo bisobanuro bigaragara ko BCR yemeye ku itariki ya 25/02/2002 ko bayikuraho amadolari yamaze kuvugwa agasubizwa uwari wahoyereje. Ikindi nanone ni uko ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko bihura n’ibisobanuro uhagarariye CRS yahaye

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Urukiko mu iburanisha,ndetse anerekana ko nta soko CRS yigeze yambura TRANSCORWA, ahubwo ko iryo yari ifite ryari ryararangiye, nyuma hatangajwe irindi ntiyaritsindira. [10] Hakurikijwe ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rusanga nta mpamvu TRANSCORWA yasaba indishyi zikomoka ku isoko yatakaje ivuga ko byaturutse ku kibazo cy’amadolari 173,797 yari igenewe nyamara BCR itayihaye, kuko nk’uko Urukiko rubanza rwabisobanuye, n’ubwo ayo madolari yaba yari yohererejwe TRANSCORWA, byaje kugaragara ko yari yoherejwe biturutse ku kwibeshya, ndetse uwayohereje anasaba kuyasubizwa kuko CRS yari imaze gusanga igiye kwishyura TRANSCORWA inshuro ebyiri fagitire imwe, ibyo na TRANSCORWA ikaba itabihakana, bityo rero niyo BCR yaba yaratinze kugaragaza ayo madolari, n’ubundi TRANSCORWA nta burenganzira yari iyafiteho nk’uko yageze aho ikabyiyemerera mu iburanisha. Ku kibazo cy’indishyi BCR yagenewe n’izo isaba mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi [11] TRANSCORWA ivuga ko itishimiye kuba yaraciwe indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 1.000.000 Frw hamwe n’indishyi mpozamarira zingana na 500.000 Frw kuko zagenwe nta bisobanuro byazo bitanzwe. [12] BCR isubiza ko Umucamanza yasobanuye icyo yashingiyeho ayigenera indishyi kubera ko TRANSCORWA yayisebeje ikanayishora mu manza ku maherere nk’uko biboneka kuri kopi y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Inongeraho ko TRANSCORWA yatanze ikirego igamije gusa gukerereza igurisha

ry’umutungo yari yatanzeho ingwate ryari rigiye gukorwa. [13] BCR yanatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bwa TRANSCORWA, isaba indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 173,797 USD X 10= 17.379 USD X 615 Frw=10.688.515 Frw kubera igihe gishize iburana uru rubanza. Inasaba ko indishyi mpozamarira yagenewe ziyongera maze igahabwa izingana na 5.000.000 Frw kubera ko TRANSCORWA yakomeje kuyisebya no kuyishora mu manza ku maherere. [14] TRANSCORWA isubiza ko indishyi BCR isaba nta shingiro zifite kuko n’izo yahawe itari izikwiye bitewe n’uko ahubwo ariyo iyigomba indishyi. [15] Ku rwego rwa mbere, BCR yagenewe indishyi mbonezamusaruro n’indishyi mpozamarira zagenwe zose hashingiwe ku bushishozi bw’Urukiko.Urukiko rusanga indishyi mbonezamusaruro zigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byumvikana bigaragaza igihombo uzisaba yagize, nyamara haba ku rwego rwa mbere cyangwa ubu, BCR ikaba itagaragaza imiterere y’icyo gihombo, bityo akaba ari nta ndishyi mbonezamusaruro ikwiye. [16] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi mpozamarira, Urukiko rusanga bitewe n’uko TRANSCORWA yakomeje gushora BCR mu manza bitari ngombwa, ikwiye kuyiha indishyi, nyamara kuko 5.000.000 Frw BCR isaba ari ikirenga, ikaba yahabwa 500.000 Frw agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, yiyongera kuri 500.000 Frw yagenewe ku rwego rubanza, bityo indishyi mpozamarira zose TRANSCORWA igomba kuyiha zikaba zihwanye na 1.000.000 Frw.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa TRANSCORWA n’ubwa BCR bubwuririyeho bwombi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [18] Rutegetse TRANSCORWA kwishyura BCR 1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi,ikanayatangira 4% y’umusogongero wa Leta ahwanye na 40.000 Frw, itayatanga mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe, akavanwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta. [19] Rutegetse TRANSCORWA kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza angana na 62.700 Frw itayatanga mu minsi umunani akavanwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta.