UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HARAMAJYAMBERE

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HARAMAJYAMBERE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00230/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. HARAMAJYAMBERE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00230/2023/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Impamvu z’ubujurire – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano – Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Hakizimana na Haramajyambere icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa indi miti ikoreshwa nka byo, bubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge busaba ko icyo cyaha kibahama, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni mirongo itatu. Biragura, Hakizimana yavuze ko yemera kunywa urumogi ariko atemera ko arucuruza kuko urwo yafatanywe yaruhawe na Haramajyambere; mu gihe Haramajyambere avuga ko atemera kurucuruza kuko urwo yafatanywe yaruhawe na Hakizimana. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Abaregwa bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri. Aba bombi

bajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Hakizimana asaba Urukiko ko yahanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi kuko nta kimenyetso gihari kigaragaza ko yarucuruzaga, naho Haramajyambere asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagoye ubutabera, akaburana yemera icyaha. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Hakizizmana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi aho kurucuruza, mu gihe kuri Haramajyambere rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kurucuruza, ndetse rwemeza ko atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yarangije kubihabwa n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. Iki cyemezo, Haramajyambere yakijuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire yongera gusaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko akomeje kuburana yemera icyaha, akaba ari ubwa mbere ahanwe n’urukiko ndetse iki cyaha akaba yaragikoze kubera ubuzima bubi bw’ubuhunzi yarabayemo. Muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabanje gusuzuma impamvu y’ubujurire Uregwa atanga asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, aho asobanura ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa yarenganyijwe ntiyagabanyirizwa nyamara yaragaragaje inenge zose ziri mu rubanza yajuririraga. Avuga kandi ko hagombaga kurebwa ku ngaruka icyaha cyateye ndetse n’icyamuteye kugikora kuko ubuzima bw’ubuhungiro yari abayemo butabemerera kubona akazi, bwatumye yisanga yakoze icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko Uregwa yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere atemera ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi ahubwo

akemera gusa ko yarufatanywe, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumugabanyiriza, niyo mpamvu Urukiko Rukuru rutongeye kukigabanya kuko rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe bihagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49, 59 n’iya 60. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00066/2023/CA – RPAA00377/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Ngiramahirwe Valens bita Vidici na Bizabarimana Ernest rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2024. RPAA00224/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Rutayisire Aubin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2023. RPAA00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. RPA00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 19/9/2019, Hakizimana Jean Bosco ari ahitwa Kariyeri, mu Kagali ka Busanza, mu Murenge wa Kanombe, yafatanwe udupfunyika 2 tw'urumogi maze avuga ko yaruguze n'umurundi witwa Haramajyambere Siméon bajya kumufata bamusatse bamusangana urumogi udupfunyika 99, bahita batangira kubakurikirana. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa indi miti ikoreshwa nka byo, busaba ko icyo cyaha kibahama,

Haramajyambere Siméon agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw), naho Hakizimana Jean Bosco agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri. [3] Haramajyambere Siméon yaburanye avuga ko icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi atacyemera ko yagiye acyemera mu nzego yanyujijwemo kuko barumufatanye, asobanura ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yarubikijwe na Hakizimana Jean Bosco naho Hakizimana Jean Bosco avuga ko yemera icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi. [4] Mu rubanza RP01143/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 07/11/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abaregwa babazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha, hamwe n’iz’abatangabuhamya, rwemeje ko Haramajyambere Siméon na Hakizimana Jean Bosco bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [5] Haramajyambere Siméon na Hakizimana Jean Bosco buri wese yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, Haramajyambere Siméon asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha akaba ataragoye ubutabera, naho Hakizimana Jean Bosco avuga ko nta kimenyetso cyatanzwe cy’uko acuruza urumogi, ko we yemera ko arunywa asaba ko icyo cyaha aricyo yahanirwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Hakizimana ashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya ko acuruza urumogi kandi akaba yararufatanwe, naho Haramajyambere akaba yaragabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ko ibyo yahawe byagumaho.

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[6] Mu rubanza RPA01902/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 30/6/2022, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Haramajyambere Siméon budafite ishingiro, naho ubwa Hakizimana Jean Bosco bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko Hakizimana Jean Bosco ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kunywa urumogi aho kurucuruza, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2), ndetse rutegeka ko ahita afungurwa urubanza rukimara gusomwa kuko icyo gihe yakimaze muri Gereza. Kuri Haramajyambere, rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere kuko aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25, ruvuga ko hagumaho igihano yahawe. [7] Haramajyambere Siméon yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00230/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/12/2024, Haramajyambere Siméon yunganiwe na Me Kagabo Théoneste, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Haramajyambere Siméon n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kuko atishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bagasaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko akomeje kwemera icyaha, akaba ari bwo bwa mbere yari ahanwe n’Urukiko kandi akaba yarakoze icyaha abitewe n’ubuzima bw’ubuhunzi yari arimo, akaba asaba guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko cyatuma asubira

iwabo, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Haramajyambere Siméon n’ubwo avuga ko yemeye icyaha atacyemera neza, kandi akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano, agasaba ko uru Rukiko rutamugabanyiriza kuko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze, ariko mu nyungu z’Itegeko yahanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba Haramajyambere Siméon yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Haramajyambere Siméon yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Haramajyambere Siméon n’umwunganira bavuga ko atishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamurenganyije rukagumishaho igihano yahanishijwe, rukirengagiza inenge zose yarugaragarije ziri mu rubanza yari yajuririye. Banavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko yagabanyirijwe, ariko basanga bidahagije kuko n’ubwo icyaha yakoze kiremereye, hagombaga no kurebwa ingaruka icyaha cyateye ndetse n’icyamuteye gukora icyaha kuko ubuzima bw’ubuhungiro yari abayemo butabemerera kubona akazi, bwatumye yisanga yakoze icyaha. Basaba ko hashingirwa ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49, n’iya

59 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no ku rubanza RPAA00224/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rutayisire Aubin, akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nkiko, agahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka, kugira ngo abashe gusubira mu muryango we. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Haramajyambere Siméon n’ubwo avuga ko yemeye icyaha atacyemera neza, kuko ku rwego rwa mbere atemeraga gucuruza urumogi, ahubwo yemeraga kurufatanwa ariko urukiko Rwisumbuye rumugabanyiriza igihano, ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru ntirwamugabanyiriza igihano kuko rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, ko rero n’uru Rukiko rutamugabanyiriza kuko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze, ko ariko mu nyungu z’Itegeko yahanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [13] Ibyerekeye kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko

urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, zirimo urubanza RPAA00066/2023/CA – RPAA00377/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiramahirwe Valens bita Vidici na Bizabarimana Ernest. [14] Haramajyambere Siméon aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, yahakanye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, avuga ko urwo yafatanwe yari yaruhawe na Hakizimana Jean Bosco, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Mu Rukiko Rukuru, yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ariko mu gika cya 24, Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ruvuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga Urukiko Rukuru mu kwemeza ko rutakongera kugabanyiriza Haramajyambere Siméon igihano, rwararebye gusa icyo itegeko riteganya, rwemeza ko yagabanyirijwe, ntacyo ruvuze ku mpamvu yashingiragaho asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano zirimo ko yahawe igihano kirekire kandi atarigeze ahakana icyaha, ngo runarebe niba igihano yahawe

gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga ibyo Haramajyambere Siméon anenga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha ataruhije ubutabera nta shingiro bifite, kuko atemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho atangira kuburana ku rwego rwa mbere nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, kandi kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire nabyo bikaba bitashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga kandi ibisabwa na Haramajyambere Siméon n’umwunganira ko Urukiko rwashingira ku rubanza RPAA00224/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rutayisire Aubin, agahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko muri urwo rubanza uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku murongo wari ushingiye ku itegeko ryakurikizwaga ryahinduwe. Uwo murongo ukaba utashingirwaho muri uru rubanza, kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu RPAA00048/2020/CA

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rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. [18] Urukiko rusanga ariko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw gikabije kuba kinini, harebwe ko Haramajyambere Siméon yafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 99 yagurishaga, no kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha, binahujwe n’uko ubwo yari akiburana ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, iteganya ibihano bito iyo habaye kubigabanya kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [19] Uru Rukiko rusanga mu manza ziheruka gucibwa, ku baregwa bakurikiranyweho ibyaha bisa n’icya Haramajyambere Siméon, harimo nk’urubanza RPAA00066/2023/CA – RPAA00377/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiramahirwe Valens bita Vidici na Bizabarimana Ernest. Muri urwo rubanza Bizabarimana Ernest yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, akaba yarafatanwe udupfunyika mirongo irindwi (70) tw’ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, akaba

yaranafatanwe ingano ntoya y’ibiyobyabwenge. [20] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Haramajyambere Siméon nawe akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 99, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (20.000.000Frw). [21] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Haramajyambere Siméon bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe bufite ishingiro, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba guhinduka kubirebana n’igihano gusa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Haramajyambere Siméon bufite shingiro. [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA01902/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/6/2022, ihindutse gusa ku birebabana n’igihano. [24] Rwemeje ko Haramajyambere Siméon ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya mliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yari yarahanishijwe; [25] Rutegetse ko asonerwa gutanga amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.