UMUJYI WA KIGALI v BAYINGANA

# UMUJYI WA KIGALI v BAYINGANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-09 - Case/document no.: RADAA00023/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UMUJYI WA KIGALI v BAYINGANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RADAA00023/2024/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 09 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe – Impamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Bayingana yareze Umujyi wa Kigali mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo arusaba kuwutegeka kumuha ingurane ikwiye ku mitungo ye wamwimuyemo ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange. Umujyi wa Kigali waburanye utanga inzitizi yo kutakira icyo kirego, uvuga ako uwatanze ikirego nta nyungu afite mu rubanza kuko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 ntaho uhuriye n’imitungo asabira ingurane. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite agaciro, bityo, Umujyi wa Kigali ukaba ugomba kwishyura ingurane y’agaciro k’imitungo ye yimuwemo. Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru usaba ko hasuzumwa niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutaritiranyije umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 n’imitungo yaregewe, kandi itarigeze ibarurwa ngo ihabwe ibyangombwa (titre de propriété) mu mazina ya Bayingana. Uyu Bayingana yireguye kuri ubwo bujurire avuga ko nta shingiro bufite kuko umutungo asabira ingurane ari uwe bwite yatunze mu buryo no mu nzira bikurikije amategeko, kuko yawutunze mbere ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, mu mwaka wa 2007 ahabwa ibyangombwa byo kuwusana ngo kuko amazu yari arimo yari amaze gusaza, kandi ko uwo mutungo yari awufitiye ibyangombwa yahawe n’inzego za Leta, ibi bikagaragaza ko yawutunze utarashyirwa mu gishanga. Bayingana avuga kandi ko kuba umutungo we utari mu gishanga ariyo mpamvu mu kwimura abantu mu bishanga abari bafite ibyangombwa bakorewe igenagaciro kugira ngo bazabone uko bishyurwa ibiri hejuru y’ubutaka, hanyuma Umujyi wa Kigali ufata umwanzuro wo kunkorera igenagaciro kugira ngo hamenyekane amafaranga azishyurwa. Bityo, asaba ko yahabwa indishyi zo ku rwego rw’ubujurire n’indishyi z’akababaro kuko Umujyi wa Kigali watumye agana Inkiko bitari ngombwa, wanga kumwishyura ingurane ikwiye ku mitungo ye wamwimuyemo. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali nta shingiro bufite; ko ubujurire bwa Bayingana bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse uretse ku byerekeye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka. Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, uvuga ko rutasuzumye neza icyajuririwe ahubwo rukemeza gusa ko Uregwa muri ubu bujurire bwa kabiri akwiye guhabwa ingurane rutitaye ku miterere y’ikibazo, rukawutegeka kumwishyura amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza hamwe n'igihembo cya Avoka ndeste no gusubiza igarama ntacyo rushingiyeho. Mbere yo kwiregura, Uregwa yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha ry’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko ubujurire bw’Urega butakwakirwa, kuko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko inkiko zombi zabanje zemeje ko afite inyungu zo kuregera ingurane y’imitungo yimuwemo ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange zishingiye ku kuba uwo mutungo ari uwe, ndetse zose zitegeka Urega kumugenera ingurane ikwiye zishingiye ku kuba uwo mutungo yari asanzwe awutunze anawufitiye ibyangombwa bitangwa n’inzego za Leta, bivuze ko aho hantu hemejwe nk’igishanga nyuma.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Ubujurire bwa kabiri nti buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2028 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko Nº 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, ingingo ya 6, 7, 8, 9 n’iya 10. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe No 006/03 ryo ku wa 30/01/2017 rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibishanga, imiterere n’imbibi zabyo rikanagena uburyo ubwo butaka bukoreshwa, butunganywa kandi bucungwa, ingingo ya 6 n’iya 19. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM00003/2020/SC, SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd v University of Rwanda (UR), rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. RS/INJUST/RCOM00002/2020/SC, Road Pavement Solutions Product v. Mailco Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020. RCOMAA0038/16/CS - RCOMAA0033/2016/SC, Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017. RCOMAA0051/14/CS, RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015. RADAA00003/2024/CA, Umujyi wa Kigali v. Gatete Polycarpe, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/06/2024. RCOMAA00012/2022/CA, Bufcoffee Ltd na Teuscher Invest Ltd yahindutse Kivubelt Coffee Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Bayingana Alexis yareze Umujyi wa Kigali mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wawo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, arusaba kuwutegeka kumuha ingurane ikwiye ku mitungo ye ibaruye kuri actes de notoriétés 22, 13, 46, 25 na 30, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rugende, Akagari ka Ruhanga, Umurenge wa Rusororo, Akarere ka Gasabo, avuga ko Umujyi wa Kigali wamwimuyemo ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange. [2] Umujyi wa Kigali watanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Bayingana Alexis ngo kuko nta nyungu afite yo gutanga ikirego, ngo kuko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 ntaho uhuriye n’imitungo avuga ibaruye kuri acte de notorietés 22, 13, 46,25 na 30. Naho ku birebana n’ingurane ikwiye Bayingana Alexis yasabaga ashingiye ku Itegeko Nº 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/06/2015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko yirengagiza ko atimuwe kubera inyungu rusange, ngo kuko iyo ari igikorwa cy’inyungu rusange kigomba kwemezwa na Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Kigali, ikaba ari na yo yemeza uwo mushinga nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo za 6, 7, 8, 9 na

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10 z’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru. Bityo ko Bayingana atari akwiye gusaba ingurane ikwiye kubera ko atigeze yimurwa mu gikorwa cy’inyungu rusange, ko ahubwo inyubako ze zasenywe kubera ko yazishyize mu gishanga. [3] Ku wa 08/06/2023, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urwo rubanza RAD 00016/2022/TGI/GSBO, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali yo kutakira ikirego nta shingiro ihawe, ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Bayingana Alexis gifite ishingiro, ko Bayingana Alexis yishyurwa n’Umujyi wa Kigali ingurane y’agaciro k’imitungo ye yimuwemo ingana na 1.044.520.528Frw, ko Umujyi wa Kigali uha Bayingana Alexis igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza bingana byose hamwe na 600.000Frw no kumusubiza amafaranga 20.000Frw yatanze arega. [4] Umujyi wa Kigali ntiwishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, maze uyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, usaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rutaritiranyije umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 n’imitungo yaregewe ibaruye kuri “actes de notoriétés” 22, 13, 46, 25 na 30 kandi itarigeze ibarurwa ngo ihabwe ibyangombwa (titre de propriété) mu mazina ya Bayingana Alexis. [5] Bayingana Alexis mu kwiregura ku bujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali, yavuze ko nta shingiro bufite ngo kuko umutungo asabira ingurane ari uwe bwite yatunze mu buryo no mu nzira bikurikije amategeko, kuko yawutunze mbere ya Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, mu mwaka wa 2007 ahabwa ibyangombwa byo kuwusana ngo kuko amazu yari arimo yari amaze gusaza, kandi ko uwo mutungo yari awufitiye ibyangombwa yahawe n’inzego za Leta byitwa “Acte de Notoriété” nimero 22, 13, 46,25 na 30, kuri iyo mitungo iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rugende, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko yawutunze utarashyirwa mu gishanga, ari na yo mpamvu mu kwimura abantu mu bishanga abari bafite ibyangombwa bakorewe igenagaciro kugira ngo bazabone uko bishyurwa ibiri hejuru y’ubutaka, hanyuma Umujyi wa Kigali wohereza itsinda ryo kureba umutungo we no kugenzura ibyangombwa bye, bafata umwanzuro wo kumukorera igenagaciro kugira ngo hamenyekane amafaranga azishyurwa. Agasobanura ko iyo Umujyi wa Kigali usanga adakwiye ingurane utari gukora igenaciro ry’imitungo ye, ko ahubwo wirengagiza amategeko nkana, ukaba warahinduye imvugo ugeze mu Rukiko, aho wavuze ko utemera kwishyura Bayingana Alexis ingurane ikwiye kandi mbere warabyemeraga ndetse wari wamushyize no kuri nimero ya mbere y’abagomba kwishyurwa ingurane ikwiye. [6] Naho ku birebana n’indishyi Umujyi wa Kigali usaba, Bayingana Alexis yireguye avuga ko nta shingiro zahabwa, ngo kuko Umujyi wa Kigali ari wo wabaye nyirabayanza w'urubanza wanga kwishyura ingurane ikwiye nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, wanatsindwa ntunyurwe ngo ufashe ubutabera nk'urwego rwa Leta rushinzwe kurenganura abaturage bayo, ahubwo ugashoza urundi rubanza ujurira. Bayingana Alexis yasoje asaba indishyi zo ku rwego rw'ubujurire zingana na 10% y'ikiburanwa y'igihembo cya Avoka n'ikurikiranarubanza, akubiyemo n'indishyi z'akababaro kuko ari Umujyi wa Kigali watumye agana Inkiko bitari ngombwa, wanga kumwishyura ingurane ikwiye ku mitungo ye wamwimuyemo. [7] Ku wa 01/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali nta shingiro bufite; ko ubujurire bwa Bayingana Alexis bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse uretse ku byerekeye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka, ko Umujyi wa Kigali uha Bayingana Alexis amafaranga 400.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera ku mafaranga angana na 1.044.520.528Frw, amafaranga 600.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga 20.000Frw yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama, yari yategetswe mu rubanza rwajuririwe, ko amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama mu Rukiko ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [8] Ku wa 29/11/2024, Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye urubanza RADA000107/2023/HC/KIG mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwawo bwandikwa kuri RADAA00023/2024/CA, ku mpamvu zo kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarasuzumye neza icyajuririwe ahubwo rukemeza gusa ko Bayingana Alexis akwiye guhabwa ingurane rutitaye ku miterere y’ikibazo; kuba Urukiko rwarategetse Umujyi wa Kigali guha

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Bayingana Alexis ingurane ingana na 1.044.520.528Frw ntacyo rushingiyeho; kuba Urukiko rwarategetse Umujyi wa Kigali kwishyura Bayingana Alexis amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza hamwe n'igihembo cya Avoka ndeste no gusubiza igarama ntacyo rushingiyeho. [9] Bayingana Alexis mbere yo kwiregura kuri izi ngingo z’ubujurire z’Umujyi wa Kigali yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko ubujurire bwawo butakirwa, ngo kuko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [10] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 02/04/2025 ariko uwo munsi ababuranyi bombi bitabye urubanza rurasubikwa kugira ngo bajye kubanza kugerageza gukemura mu bwumvikane ikibazo bafitanye, bazagaruke mu Rukiko ku wa 23/04/2025. Kuri uwo munsi ababuranyi bombi baritabye bagaragariza Urukiko ko batashoboye guhura ngo bagerageze kumvikana kandi barusaba kubaburanisha, urubanza ruburanishwa Umujyi wa Kigali uhagarariwe na Me Ntirushwamaboko Aloys, naho Bayingana Alexis ahagarariwe na Me Murekatete Henriette. Mu iburanisha hasuzumwe gusa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe ishingiye ku gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe n’ishingiro ry’ibigenda ku rubanza mu gihe urubanza rwaba rurangiriye aho, Urukiko rutangaza ko ruzabifataho icyemezo mu ruhame ku wa 09/05/2025, ari nawo munsi urubanza rusomeweho. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [11] Me Murekatete Henriette uburanira Bayingana, Alexis ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2028 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bw’Umujyi wa Kigali budakwiye kwakirwa ngo kuko watsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, aho zose zemeje ko Bayingana Alexis afite inyungu zo kuregera ingurane y’imitungo igaragara kuri “actes de notorietés” nimero 22, 13, 46,25 na 30, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rugende, Akagari ka Ruhanga, Umurenge wa Rusororo, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, yimuwemo ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, zishingiye ku kuba uwo mutungo ari uwe, ndetse zose zikanategeka Umujyi wa Kigali kumugenera ingurane ikwiye ingana na 1.044.520.528Frw, zishingiye ku kuba uwo mutungo yari asanzwe awutunze anawufitiye ibyangombwa bitangwa n’inzego za Leta (actes de notorieté), bivuze ko aho hantu hemejwe nk’igishanga nyuma. Ashingira ku manza zasobanuye icyo gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe ari cyo, zirimo urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00002/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020, haburana Road Pavement Solutions Product na Mailco Ltd, aho rwatanze umurongo2 n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RCOMAA00012/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Bufcoffee Ltd na Teuscher Invest Ltd yahindutse Kivubelt Coffee Ltd mu gika cyarwo cya 173. [12] Me Murekatete Henriette asobanura ko mu rubanza RAD00016/2022/TGI/GSBO no mu rubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG Inkiko zombi zasuzumye ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis afite inyungu yo kuregera umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 udafite aho uhuriye

1Iyo ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 ikaba iteganya ibi bikurikira: icyakora, ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. 2Uwo murongo ukaba ugira uti: mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo cyafashwe hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. 3Uwo murongo na wo ukaba ugira uti: bifatwa ko umuburanyi yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe nyuma yo gusesengura imikirize y’urubanza mu Nkiko zombi, rusanze ingingo z’ingenzi zasuzumwe, impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo hagerwe ku cyemezo cyafashwe ari zimwe kandi zaratumye hafatwa ibyemezo bisa. Icyo gihe Urukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko”.

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n’umutungo uvugwa muri “actes de notoriété” 22,13, 46, 25 na 30, kubera impaka zariho zirebana n’inzitizi yari yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali usaba ko ikirego cya Bayingana Alexis kitakirwa, no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis akwiye guhabwa indishyi ikwiye irebana n’uko yimuwe mu mitungo ye bavuga ko iri mu gishanga. Ko ku bijyanye n’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Bayingana Alexis aho uwari uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali yavuze ko nta sano umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 ufitanye n’umutungo uvugwa muri acte de notoriété 22,13, 46, 25 na 30, bityo BAYINGANA Alexis nta nyungu n’ububasha afite byo gutanga ikirego, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwabisuzumye maze mu isesengura rwakoze mu gika cya 7 cy’urubanza nº RAD 00016/2022/TGI/GSBO rusanga iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, rushingiye ku kuba BAYINGANA Alexis yararugaragarije ko imitungo iri kuri actes de notoriété ari na yo ibaruye kuri UPI : 1/02/14/08/1508 ariko akaba atarahawe amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku mpamvu z’uko aho uwo mutungo uherereye hari hamaze kwemezwa ko ari mu gishanga, ariko uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali akaba atarashoboye kubivuguruza. [13] Me Murekatete Henriette akomeza asobanura ko ibyo byagarutsweho mu rubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, aho mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu bika bya 10 na 12 byarwo, rwasanze imitungo Bayingana Alexis asabira ingurane ari imitungo ivugwa muri “acte de notoriétés” 22,13, 46, 25 na 30 ari iye, aho mu gusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaritiranyije umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 n’imitungo yaregewe ibaruye kuri “actes de notoriétés” 22, 13, 46, 25 na 30 nyamara itarigeze ibarurwa ngo ihabwe ibyangombwa (titre de propriété) mu mazina ye, ko aha rwanasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba yari afite inyungu zo kuregera iyo mitungo, maze narwo rusanga yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuyiregera kuko yari iye. [14] Ku birebana n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba harabaye ukwitiranya umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 n’umutungo uvugwa muri “actes de notoriété” 22,13, 46, 25 na 30, Me Murekatete Henriette avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagisesenguye mu bika bya 10-12 by’urubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG, aho rwasanze Bayingana Alexis nawe yemera ko umutungo asabira ingurane atari uwari kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508, ahubwo ari umutungo yagaragarije actes de notoriété 22, 13, 46, 25 na 30, bityo rukabiheraho ruvuga ko rusanga ibyo uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali avuga ko habayeho kwitiranya umutungo nta shingiro bifite. Bityo ko ku ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis nta nyungu zo kuregera umutungo yasabiye ingurane ikwiye yari afite, Inkiko zombi zagisubije mu buryo bumwe zemeza ko icyo kirego cyagombaga kwakirwa, zishingiye ku kuba uwo mutungo wari uwe, byumvikana ko Umujyi wa Kigali wayitsinzweho hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [15] Ku byerekeye ingingo nyamukuru y’urubanza mu mizi ijyanye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis akwiye guhabwa indishyi ikwiye irebana n’uko yimuwe mu mitungo ye bavuga ko iri mu gishanga, Me Murekatete Henriette avuga ko mu isesengura Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwakoze mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza RAD00016/2022/TGI/GSBO rwagize ruti: urukiko rurasanga mu gusuzuma ibyaburanishijwe ku mpande zombi bigaragara ko koko mbere ahubaka hatari mu gishanga kuko bamuhaye n’icyangombwa cyo gusana nk’uko abigaragaza muri “system” cyo muri 2007 n’ayandi matariki atandukanye bivuga ko ayo mazu yari ahari mbere ya 2007 nk’uko ku ruhande rw’abarega basobanura ko ayo mazu ari aya mbere ya 1994 ibyo rero bikaba bigaragaza ko kuba baremeye kumuha icyangombwa cyo gusana ari uko bari bazi ko izo nyubako zagiyeho mbere y’uko bahita igishanga,……..., maze mu gufata umwanzuro ruvuga ko Bayingana Alexis agomba kwishyurwa indishyi yabariwe, kuko na mbere hose Umujyi wa Kigali wavugaga ko ikibazo ari uko hari ibyo yongeyeho, ariko mu kumubarira ntusobanure niba byarakuwemo cyangwa niba bitarakuwemo, kandi kugeza ubu ukaba utabisobanura, ahubwo uvuga gusa ko yasannye ibyo atagombaga gusana ariko utavuga ibyo yaba yarasannye cyangwa ibyo yongeyeho kugira ngo ntibihabwe agaciro nk’ibyo ukeneye kwishyura. [16] Me Murekatete Henriette avuga kandi ko mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG, rwavuze ko nk’uko byasobanuwe, kuba Bayingana Alexis yari afite ibikorwa ahantu Umujyi wa Kigali waje kwemeza ko ari mu gishanga, nyamara mbere wari usanzwe wemera ibyo bikorwa ukanamuha uburenganzira bwo kubisana, ukaza kubikuraho udategereje ko bisaza

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nk’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryavuzwe ribiteganya, bihura n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza RADAA00003/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/06/2024 haburana Umujyi wa Kigali na Gatete Polycarpe, bityo kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarategetse ko ahabwa indishyi ikwiye, ntaho rwanyuranyije n’amategeko. Bityo ko kuba ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis akwiriye guhabwa indishyi ikwiye bitewe n’uko yimuwe mu mitungo ye n’Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko iri mu gishanga, Inkiko zombi zagisubije mu buryo bumwe, aho zose zasanze uwo mutungo usabirwa indishyi Bayingana Alexis yari asanzwe awutunze kandi awufitiye ibyangombwa bitangwa n’inzego za Leta, bivuze ko aho hantu hemejwe nk’igishanga nyuma, maze zikemeza ko agomba guhabwa indishyi, ibyo byumvikanisha ko iyi ngingo Umujyi wa Kigali watsinzweho hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [17] Me Ntirushwamaboko Aloys uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali yiregura kuri iyi nzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali hashingiwe ku kuba waratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, avuga ko nta shingiro ifite ngo kuko utatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasuzumye ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis yari afite inyungu yo kuregera indishyi ikwiye y’imitungo ivugwa muri actes de notoriété 22,13, 46, 25 na 30, maze rushingiye ku kuba izo actes zari ize, rusanga yari afite inyungu. Ko ariko iyi ngingo irebana n’inyungu itagarutsweho mu rubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, ngo kuko Umujyi wa Kigali utanigeze uvuga ko nta nyungu yari afite zo kuregera indishyi kuri iyo mitungo. [18] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis akwiye guhabwa indishyi ikwiye ku mitungo ivugwa muri “actes de notoriété” 22,13, 46, 25 na 30, Me Ntirushwamaboko Aloys avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze akwiye guhabwa iyo ndishyi ikwiye rushingiye ku igenagaciro ryakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 utari wararegewe, ko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye rutyo, ariko ko kuba Inkiko zombi zaragennye indishyi ikwiye zishingiye kw’igenagaciro ry’umutungo utararegewe, ari na yo mpamvu Umujyi wa Kigali wajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Bityo ko ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bukwiye kwakirwa, kubera ko utatsinwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya niba Umujyi wa Kigali waratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis yari afite inyungu yo kuregera indishyi ikwiye y’imitungo ivugwa muri “actes de notoriété” 22,13, 46, 25 na 30 z’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 n’ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis yari guhabwa indishyi ikwiye ku mitungo ivuga muri izo “actes de notoriété”, hagereranyijwe icyo izo Nkiko zombi zashingiyeho mu guca urubanza Kuri ibyo bibazo. [20] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga4 ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruzishingiraho, aho izo Nkiko Nkuru zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe.

4Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, RCOMAA0038/16/CS - RCOMAA0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin. Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24.

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[21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko by’umwihariko kuri uru rubanza rwatanzwemo na Bayingana Alexis iyo nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko, aho Umujyi wa Kigali wiregura ko utatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ku ngingo yerekeranye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis yari afite inyungu yo kuregera indishyi ikwiye y’imitungo ivugwa muri actes de notoriété 22,13, 46, 25 na 30, uvuga ko iyo ngingo itagarutsweho mu rubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa kandi itari ikiyifiteho ikibazo ku nyungu za Bayingana Alexis ku kirego. Rurasanga rero iyo ngingo yerekeranye n’inyungu za Bayingana Alexis ku kiburanwa itagomba kugereranwa mu Nkiko zombi nk’uko byafashwemo umurongo mu manza zagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, ahubwo igereranywa rigakorwa ku ngingo isigaye ababuranyi bombi bemeranwaho ko yasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikibazo cyerekeranye no kumenya niba Bayingana Alexis yari akwiye guhabwa indishyi ikwiye ku mitungo ivugwa muri actes de notoriété 22,13, 46, 25 na 30 zabumbiwe muri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508, imisesengurire yacyo ari yo igomba kugereranywa harebwa niba Umujyi wa Kigali waba waratsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu gihe wo uvuga ko utatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ariko ukavuga ko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye kimwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo kuri iyo ngingo, zombi zikemeza ko utsinzwe, ndetse ibi bikaba ari byo byatumye Umujyi wa Kigali ujurira bwa kabiri muri uru Rukiko. Mu gukora iri gereranya, Urukiko rurifashisha umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM00003/2020/SC5, rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 hagati ya Sanlam AG Plc AG Ltd na University of Rwanda (UR), mu guhuza imiburanire y’ababuranyi Umujyi wa Kigali na Bayingana Alexis muri izo Nkiko zombi mu buryo bukurikira. [23] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko mu rubanza RAD00016/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 08/06/2023 hasuzumwe niba Bayingana Alexis agomba guhabwa indishyi ikwiye irebana n’uko yimuwe mu mitungo ye Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko iri mu gishanga, maze isesengurwa mu gika cya 11. Urukiko rusanga mu gusuzuma ibyaburanishijwe ku mpande zombi bigaragara ko koko mbere ahubatswe na Bayingana Alexis hatari mu gishanga, kuko Umujyi wa Kigali wamuhaye n’icyangombwa cyo gusana nk’uko abigaragaza muri systeme cyo muri 2007 n’ayandi matariki atandukanye. Ko ibyo bivuga ko ayo mazu ari aya mbere ya 1994, yari ahari mbere ya 2007, hakurikijwe Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe No 006/03 ryo ku wa 30/01/2017 rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibishanga, imiterere n’imbibi zabyo rikanagena uburyo ubwo butaka bukoreshwa, butunganywa kandi bucungwa6, rusanga Bayingana Alexis agomba kwishyurwa indishyi Umujyi wa Kigali wamubariye, kuko na mbere hose wari wavuze ko ikibazo ari uko hari ibyo Bayingana Alexis yongeyeho, ariko uza kubara gusa udasobanura niba warabikuyeho cyangwa se utarabikuyeho mu kubara kandi n’ubwo urubanza rwaburanwaga ntabyo wasobanuraga ahubwo uvuga gusa ko Bayingana Alexis yasannye ibyo atagombaga gusana ariko kandi utagaragaza ibyo yasannye ibyo ari byo, ibyo yongeyeho ngo ureke kubiha agaciro usigaze ibyo ukeneye kwishyura. [24] Dosiye y’urubanza RADA00107/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 01/11/2024, igaragaza ko hasuzumwe ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali yerekeranye no kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije amategeko nkana no gusuzuma niba haragombaga kugenwa indishyi ikwiye ku mitungo iri mu gishanga (ubutaka bwa Leta). Iyo ngingo yasuzumwe mu bika 15-16 byarwo, Urukiko rumaze kubona ko inyubako za Bayingana Alexis yari afitiye ibyemezo bya actes de notoriété, yagiye anasana yabiherewe uburenganzira bwo gusana mu bihe bitandukanye n’ubuyobozi nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabisobanuye, ko ibyo bikorwa byari bihari mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bivuga ko icyo gihe hatafatwaga nk’igishanga. Rubona kandi ikibazo nk’iki cy’ibikorwa byashyizweho mbere y’uko aho

5 Aho mu gika cya 23 cyarwo, rwasanze -Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari na byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. 6Aho mu ngingo ya ryo ya 6 basobanura ibikorwa byemewe gukorerwa mu bishanga bidakomye ibyo bikorwa byemewe gukorerwa mu bishanga bidakomye akaba ari iby’ ubuhinzi; ubworozi bw’amafi; kwidagadura, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo; ubucukuzi bwa kariyeri; ubushakashatsi; imishinga igamije kubyara ingufu.

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hantu hafatwa nk’igishanga gikomye, amerekezo y’ibikorwa nk’ibyo yatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RADAA00003/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/06/2024 haburana Umujyi wa Kigali na Gatete Polycarpe7; rusanga kuba Bayingana Alexis yari afite ibikorwa ahantu Umujyi wa Kigali waje kwemeza nyuma ko ari mu gishanga nyamara mbere wari usanzwe wemera ibyo bikorwa unamuha uburenganzira bwo kubisana, ukaza kubikuraho udategereje ko bisaza nk’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryavuzwe ribiteganya, bihura n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza rumaze kuvugwa; rushimangira ko kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarategetse ko ahabwa indishyi ikwiye, rutanyuranyije n’amategeko, bituma rudaha ishingiro ubujurire bw’Umujyi wa Kigali, ukomeza gutsindwa gutyo kandi hagumaho urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusesenguye imiburanire ya buri ruhande, ibyashingiweho n’inkiko zombi mu guca urubanza nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru, rubihuje n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ruyihuje n’umurongo wafashwe n’Inkiko Nkuru mu manza zagaragajwe hejuru cyane cyane mu rubanza RADAA00003/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/06/2024 haburana Umujyi wa Kigali na Gatete Polycarpe narwo rwagaragajwe, rurasanga Umujyi wa Kigali nawo wemera ko ingingo yerekeranye n’indishyi ikwiye ku mitungo yari ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/08/1508 ya Bayingana Alexis inkiko zombi zarayisesenguye mu buryo bumwe (raisonnement juridique) ariko ugatanga ubujurire bwa kabiri kuri iyo ngingo, uru Rukiko rukaba rugomba kwemeza ko ubwo bujurire bwatanzwe butari mu bubasha bwarwo, kuko n’ubwo Umujyi wa Kigali uvuga ko utanyuzwe ukajurira bwa kabiri, ntacyo bihindura ku kuba ikirebwa gusa ari uko impamvu inkiko zombi zashingiyeho zemeza ko utsinzwe ari zimwe. 2. Ibyerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Bayingana Alexis [26] Me Murekatete Henriette uburanira Bayingana Alexis asaba ko Umujyi wa Kigali utegekwa guha uwo aburanira amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 5.000.000Frw, kuko ari wo wabaye nyirabayazana w’izi manza wanga kumuha ingurane ikwiye ku gihe. [27] Me Ntirushwamaboko Aloys uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali yiregura kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko amafaranga Bayingana Alexis asaba nta shingiro afite, kuko ibyemezo Umujyi wa Kigali wajuririye byafashwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.

7Aho mu gika cya 27 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagagaje ko hagomba gushingirwa ku ngingo ya 19, igika cya nyuma, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe N° 006/03 ryo ku wa 30/01/2017 rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibishanga, imiterere n’imbibi zabyo rikanagena uburyo ubwo butaka bukoreshwa butunganywa kandi bucungwa, iteganya ko umuntu wese usanzwe ufite ibikorwa biramba mu gishanga kidakomye kandi atari byo byagenwe muri icyo gishanga, akaba yarabishyizemo mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, akomeza kugira uburenganzira kuri ibyo bikorwa ariko ntiyemerewe kubyongerera agaciro. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko ibikorwa bya Gatete Polycarpe bitagombaga gusenywa, ko byagombaga kugumaho ahubwo ntiyemererwe kubisana nk’uko Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe rimaze kuvugwa ribiteganya, ko kuba byarakuweho nta kundi byafatwa uretse kuba ari ukumwimurwa ku bw’inyungu rusange (igika cya 28 cy’urwo rubanza), bikaba bigomba gutangirwa ingurane ikwiye. Nk’uko byasobanuwe.

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[29] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo y’Itegeko imaze kuvugwa hejuru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Bayingana Alexis asaba kuri uru rwego afite ishingiro kuko inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanze yahawe ishingiro, bikaba byumvikana ko yashatse Avoka wo kumuburanira akanakurikirana urubanza, Urukiko rukaba rugomba kumugenera amafaranga agenwe mu bushishozi bw’urukiko kuko ayo yasabye ari umurengera, bityo akaba agomba kugenerwa amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) n’ikurikiranarubanza angana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Bayingana Alexis ifite ishingiro. [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [32] Rutegetse Umujyi wa Kigali kwishyura Bayingana Alexis amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) akubiyemo ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.