UBUSHINJACYAHA v. URAYENEZA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. URAYENEZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-04-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 0178/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. URAYENEZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPAA 0178/11/CS (Hatangimbabazi, PJ, Kalimunda na Gatete, J.) 15/4/2016] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Gufungurwa by’agateganyo mbere y’urubanza mu mizi – Iyo ukurikiranweho icyaha yari afunzwe cyangwa yarafunguwe by’agateganyo mbere y’uko Urukiko rushyikirijwe ikirego cyo kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi, akomeza kumera atyo kugeza igihe urubanza ruciriwe – Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 121 Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Gushidikanya – Birengera ushinjwa – Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 165. Incamake y’ikibazo:. Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye uregwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku cyaha cy’ubujura bw’amadorari ibihumbi bibiri (2.000 USD) yibye Nikobisanzwe André abanje guca icyuho. urwo Rukiko rwasanze yaraburanye yivuguruza kandi hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha akurikiranyweho, rwemeza ko atsinzwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 10. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga

ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije icyifuzo cye cyo gukorera iperereza ahakorewe icyaha, ruca urubanza rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya zivuguruzanya bituma rumuhamya icyaha atakoze. Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma asanga ubujurire bwe bwaratanzwe nyuma y’ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko, yemeza ko butakiriwe. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo avuga ko yatindijwe kujurira n’icyorezo cy’iseru cyateye muri Gereza ya Nyarugenge abagororwa bagashyirwa mu kato. Urukiko rwasanze icyorezo cy’iseru cyateye muri Gereza ari impamvu ikomeye yamubujije kujurira mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bwakiriwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko hari ibibazo bigaragara muri dosiye nko kumenya impamvu amadolari ibihumbi bibiri abikwa mu bahasha mu cyumba kirimo abafundi, kuba kugeza ubu ntakigaragaza ko ayo madolari yabayeho koko, no kuba icyo Urayeneza Francois- Xavier aregwa ari uko yarebye mu bahasha ivugwa ko yarimo ayo madolari kandi kurebamo bidasobanuye kuyatwara, byose byerekana ko hari ugushidikanya ku bimenyetso byashingiweho aregwa ubujura buciye icyuho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo ukurikiranweho icyaha yari afunzwe cyangwa yarafunguwe by’agateganyo mbere y’uko Urukiko rushyikirijwe ikirego cyo kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi, akomeza kumera atyo kugeza igihe urubanza ruciriwe 2.Hari ugushidikanya ku bimenyetso bishingirwaho mu kurega Urayeneza François Xavier icyaha cy’ubujura bukoreshejwe guca icyuho, bityo uko gushidikanya kukaba gukwiye kumurengera akagirwa umwere. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Uregwa ntahamwa n’icyaha agomba guhita arekurwa

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Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose. Amagarama aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 121 na 165. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0043/09/CS hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Pte Habufite Vincent, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/11/2011, igika cya 20. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha burega Urayeneza François-Xavier icyaha cy’ubujura bw’amadorari ibihumbi bibiri (2.000 USD) yibye Nikobisanzwe André abanje guca icyuho. [2] Mu rubanza no RP 0444/08/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 27/04/2009, urwo Rukiko rwasanze Urayeneza François-Xavier yaraburanye yivuguruza kandi hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha akurikiranyweho, rwemeza ko atsinzwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 10. [3] Urayeneza François-Xavier ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuguruzanya. Mu rubanza no RPA 0556/09/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 02/09/2010, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [4] Urayeneza Francois-Xavier yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije icyifuzo cye cyo gukorera iperereza

ahakorewe icyaha, ruca urubanza rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya zivuguruzanya bituma rumuhamya icyaha atakoze. Umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma asanga ubujurire bwe bwaratanzwe nyuma y’ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko, yemeza ko butakiriwe. [5] Urayeneza François-Xavier yajuririye icyo cyemezo avuga ko yatindijwe kujurira n’icyorezo cy’iseru cyateye muri Gereza ya Nyarugenge abagororwa bagashyirwa mu kato. Mu rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 15/01/2016, Urukiko rwasanze icyorezo cy’iseru cyateye muri Gereza ari impamvu ikomeye yamubujije kujurira mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bwakiriwe. [6] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 14/03/2016, Urayeneza François-Xavier ahari kandi yunganiwe na Me Umugwaneza Claudine naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[7] Iburanisha rigitangira uwunganira Urayeneza François Xavier yasabye ko yaba afunguwe by’agateganyo mbere y’uko urubanza mu mizi rucibwa kuko igihe amaze afunze kirenga igihano ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha aregwa n’itegeko rishya rihana ibyaha mu Rwanda. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO II.1. Kumenya niba URAYENEZA François-Xavier akwiye gufungurwa by’agateganyo mbere y’isuzumwa ry’urubanza mu mizi. [8] Me Umugwaneza Claudine avuga ko ingingo ya 301 y’Itegeko-Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana rikoreshwa ubu iteganya ko icyaha cy’ubujura buciye icyuho Urayeneza Francois-Xavier akurikiranweho gihanishwa igifungo kirekire cy’imyaka ine, naho ingingo ya 400 y’Itegeko–Teka No 21/77 ryo ku wa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakoreshwaga icyaha gikorwa igateganya ko icyo cyaha gihanishwa igihano kirerekire cy’imyaka icumi y’igifungo, bisonabuye ko Itegeko rishya ariryo riteganya ibihano bito, kandi kuva Urayeneza Francois-Xavier amaze imyaka irindwi muri Gereza bisobanuye ko igihano yahanishwa cyose yakirangije, akaba asanga akwiye kurekurwa by’agateganyo mbere y’uko urubanza rucibwa mu mizi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 121 y’Itegeko No 30/2013 ryo kuwa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibijyanye n’ifungwa ry’agateganyo byarangiye, ubu urubanza rugeze mu mizi, bisobanuye ko nta mpamvu yo kugarura ibijyanye n’ifungwa cyangwa ifungurwa ry’agateganyo rya Urayeneza François-Xavier.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 121, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko «Iyo ukurikiranweho icyaha yari afunzwe cyangwa yarafunguwe by’agateganyo mbere y’uko Urukiko rushyikirijwe ikirego cyo kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi, akomeza kumera atyo kugeza igihe urubanza ruciriwe.» [11] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Urayeneza François-Xavier yabanje gufungwa by’agateganyo n’icyemezo cy’ubugenzacyaha cyaje gusimburwa n’icyemezo cy’ubushinjacyaha mbere y’uko agezwa imbere y’Urukiko ( cotes 12 na 14 ). Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwabanje kuregerwa, rwemeje mu rubanza no RP 0444/08/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 27/04/2009, ko icyaha cy’ubujura buciye icyuho gihama Urayeneza Francois- Xavier rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (cotes 27-30). Iyi mikirize kandi niyo yagumishijweho n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza no RPA 0556/09/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 02/09/2010. [12] Urukiko rurasanga Urayeneza François-Xavier afunzwe hashingiwe ku byemezo by’Inkiko zamuburanishije nyuma y’ifunga ry’agateganyo, zigasanga icyaha cy’ubujura buciye icyuho kimuhama, zikamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi. Kuba nyuma y’ibyemezo by’izo nkiko harasohotse Itegeko rishya rigabanya igihano giteganyirijwe icyaha Urayeneza François- Xavier akurikiranweho sibyo byatuma igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe cyitiranywa n’ifunga ry’agateganyo, ahubwo kuba Itegeko rishya riri mu nyungu ze byasuzumwa nk’ingingo y’ubujurire, Urukiko Rwajuririwe narwo rwasanga icyaha akurikiranweho kimuhama, ibyo avuga y’uko Itegeko rishya rimurengera bikitabwaho mu gihe cyo kugena igihano gikwiranye

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n’icyaha yakoze, bityo ibyo Me Umugwaneza Claudine avuga ko Urayeneza François-Xavier agomba gufungurwa by’agateganyo bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [13] Urukiko rurasanga kandi iby’uko uwarezwe yari afunzwe mbere y’urubanza akomeza kumera atyo kugeza igihe Urukiko rufatiye icyemezo ku kirego cye bihura n’umurongo wemejwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Private Habufite Vincent,1 nabyo bishimangira ko iby’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo uwunganira Urayeneza Francois-Xavier aburanisha nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa. II.2. Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bihamya URAYENEZA FrançoisXavier icyaha cy’ubujura buciye icyuho akurikiranweho. [14] Urayeneza François-Xavier avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubujura buciye icyuho kandi nta bimenyetso bikimuhamya kuko nta nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira yigeze igaragaza amadorali aregwa kwiba, ko akabati kavugwa yari abitsemo katigeze kagaragarizwa Ubugenzacyaha, nta n’imfunguzo yafatanywe yaba yarakoresheje afungura ako kabati, ndetse n’abavuga ko bamubonye yiba batigeze bakorerwa inyandiko–mvugo ngo hamenyekane niba koko baramubonye yiba ayo madorali, akaba asaba uru Rukiko gusuzumana ubushishozi ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye akarenganurwa. [15] Me Umugwaneza Claudine avuga ko nta bujura bwabayeho kuko icyari cyajyanye Urayeneza François-Xavier kuri «chantier» kwari uguhoma amabati yatobotse, akaba atari kwiba amadolari yari mu kabati, ako kabati

katishwe cyangwa ngo gafungurwe, bigaragaza ko ayo madolari atibwe ahubwo Nikobisanzwe André watanze ikirego yiyibishije, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rukwiye kwemeza ko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bihamya Urayeneza François- Xavier icyaha akurikiranweho, akagirwa umwere hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 165 y’Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko hari ibibazo bigaragara muri dosiye nko kumenya impamvu amadolari ibihumbi bibiri abikwa mu bahasha mu cyumba kirimo abafundi, kuba kugeza ubu ntakigaragaza ko ayo madolari yabayeho koko, no kuba icyo Urayeneza Francois- Xavier aregwa ari uko yarebye mu bahasha ivugwa ko yarimo ayo madolari kandi kurebamo bidasobanuye kuyatwara, byose byerekana ko hari ugushidikanya ku bimenyetso byashingiweho aregwa ubujura buciye icyuho.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha Urayeneza François Xavier yavuze ko yakoreye Nikobisanzwe André ahitwa i Kana kuri Sainte Famille akazi ko guhoma amabati yatobotse, ahahurira n’uwitwa Nziko Jean Claude wamurangiraga aho afata « mastique » n’umuti wayo byo gukoresha kuko atari azi aho iyo « mastique » iherereye. Asobanura ko bakomeje gushakisha aza kugera ku bahasha (enveloppe) ya kaki ayibonamo fagitire n’utundi dutabo, Nziko Jean Claude amubwira ko umuti uvangwa na « mastique » utabikwa mu ibahasha. Ibyo bashakaga bibuze aragenda, ahasiga Nziko Jean Claude atoragura ibintu byaguye, ko akabati kavugwa iyo bahasha ibikwamo amadolari yarimo kari hafi yaho uwitwa Mukamayirese Médiatrice yari yicaye, kandi ko atigeze ataha yiruka, kuko iyo abikora yari gufatwa n’abafundi bari aho (cotes 10-13 ). 1 Reba urubanza RPA 0043/09/CS hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Pte HABUFITE Vincent, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/11/2011, igika cya 20.

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[18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza kandi ko Mukamayirese Médiatrice yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha ko akorana na Nziko Jean-Claude mu cyumba (salle) gikorerwamo ubukwe kiri ahitwa i Kana kuri Sainte Famille, akaba ari we wakira amafaranga y’ubukode, kandi uwo munsi akaba yari yasabye Nziko Jean Claude gucunga neza ibahasha yarimo ayo madolari avugwa. Yasobanuye ko Urayeneza François-Xavier yari yahawe akazi nka nyakabyizi wo guhoma amabati y’icyo cyumba yari yaratobotse, mbere y’uko atangira akazi asaba « mastique » n’umuti wayo, Nziko Jean-Claude wagombaga kubimushakira agiye kubimuha asanga yabibonye kandi yamaze no kurira hejuru y’inzu, aza kumanuka ntawe abibwiye ajya kubika ibyo yahoze ahomesha muri «salle», Nziko Jean-Claude amusanga iruhande rw’akabati, ingufuri yari igafunze yishwe, afite ibahasha ya kaki mu ntoki, ahita abura, bamubona yiruka arenga kwa padiri, aribwo yatabaje Nikobisanzwe André amumenyesha ko bibwe amadorali yari mu ibahasha, bajya gushaka Urayeneza François-Xavier iwabo Kimicanga baramufata (cotes 5-7). [19] Nziko Jean-Claude nawe abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko atigeze amenya ko hari amadorali abitse mu ibahasha muri icyo cyumba, ahubwo ko Mukamayirese Médiatrice yamuhamagaye aho yameseraga hanze, amusaba gushakira Urayeneza François-Xavier « mastique » n’umuti uvangwa nayo byari mu cyumba kugirango ahome amabati yatobotse. Asobanura ko yageze muri icyo

cyumba, asanga Urayeneza François-Xavier yabibonye bahita basohoka, akomeza kumesa, asubira muri icyo cyumba arangije akazi, yinjiye asanga Urayeneza François-Xavier areba mu bahasha ya kaki, amubaza niba ari uko babika « mastique », amusubiza ko yabikagamo umuti wayo wasagutse, amusigaho, ajya guhamagara Mukamayirese Médiatrice kuko yari abonye Urayeneza Francois-Xavier asaka ibintu, mu kugaruka basanga Urayeneza François-Xavier yirutse (cotes 8 na 9). [20] Urukiko rurasanga Mukamayirese Médiatrice avuga ko ibahasha yarimo amadolari yibwe yayirindishije Nziko Jean Claude, uyu agahakana ko atari azi ko yarindishijwe ayo madolari, uku kunyuranya mu mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bikaba bitera gushidikanya ku kuri kwazo, bishimangirwa n’uko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza uburyo ayo madolari yavuye mu kabati yabikwagamo kuko ntacyerekana uburyo ako kabati kishwe cyangwa ngo ingufuri yako ifungurwe, bityo hakaba nta cyerekana ko ayo madolari yariho kandi ko yibwe. [21] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibihumbi bibiri by’amadolari atari menshi cyane kuburyo atabona aho akwirwa kugeza aho Mukamayirese Médiatrice wari uyashinzwe ananirwa kuyabika, akayagumisha mu cyumba kiribwinjiremo abafundi atazi cyangwa atizeye yitwaje ko yaharindishije Nziko Jean Claude warimo kumesa hanze kandi uvuga ko atigeze amenya ibyayo madolari n’uko yayarindishijwe, nabyo bishimangira ko ayo madolari ashobora

kuba atarabayeho, cyangwa niba yabarayeho ataribwe, cyangwa niba yaribwe, ataribwe na Urayeneza François-Xavier kuko Mukamayirese Médiatrice, Nikobisanzwe André na Nziko Jean-Claude badasobanura impamvu nyuma yo kwibwa, babonye Urayeneza Francois-Xavier yiruka kandi bakeka ko ari we ubibye bakamureka akabacika aho guhuruza abafundi bari kuri « chantier » ngo bamufate kugirango bamusake, ahubwo nyuma bakajya kumushakira iwabo Kimicanga, aho bamufatiye atagoranye. [22] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru hari ugushidikanya ku bimenyetso bishingirwaho mu kurega Urayeneza François Xavier icyaha cy’ubujura bukoreshejwe guca icyuho, bityo nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 165 y’Itegeko no 30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, uko gushidikanya kukaba gukwiye kumurengera akagirwa umwere.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Urayeneza François-Xavier bufite ishingiro ; [24] Rwemeje ko Urayeneza François-Xavier adahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubujura buciye icyuho aregwa ; [25] Rutegetse ko ahita arekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa; [26] Ruvuze ko urubanza no RPA 0556/09/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku Cyicaro Cyarwo ku wa 02/09/2010 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose ; [27] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.