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Rwanda Criminal

Court of Appeal

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMAHORO

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court found that Uwamahoro Claire intentionally killed the victim by stabbing her in the torso with a knife, which demonstrates intent to kill under established jurisprudence. The claim of provocation was not properly raised at trial and cannot be considered on appeal. The sentence of 18 years' imprisonment was deemed appropriate and sufficiently mitigated given the circumstances and remorse shown; no further reduction was warranted.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed

Orders

  • The appeal of Uwamahoro Claire is dismissed.
  • The High Court judgment and sentence of 18 years' imprisonment is affirmed.
  • Uwamahoro Claire is exempted from paying court costs due to her custodial status.

02

Material facts

Parties

Ubushinjacyaha

Prosecution Counsel: Sibomana Stanislas

Uwamahoro Claire

Defendant Counsel: Me Zaninka Généreuse

Amounts and remedies

  • Sentence (imprisonment, Years): 18

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Final Appellate Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Uwamahoro Claire argued she did not intend to kill the victim, requested the conviction be reduced to unintentional homicide or assault causing death, claimed provocation as the victim allegedly strangled her first, and sought further sentence reduction due to remorse and cooperation.
Respondent
The prosecution argued the conviction should not be reduced as the act (stabbing with a knife in the torso) demonstrated intent to kill, provocation was not properly raised at trial and thus inadmissible on appeal, and the sentence had already been sufficiently reduced.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    RPA 0110/10/CS, Supreme Court, 31/01/2014

    Intent to kill is inferred from the use of a deadly weapon and the part of the body targeted.

  2. 02

    RPAA 00024/2021/CA, Court of Appeal, 29/07/2022

    Issues not raised at trial cannot be considered on appeal unless they constitute a fundamental error.

  3. 03

    RPA 0129/10/CS, Supreme Court, 07/03/2014

    A defendant is not entitled to further sentence reduction on appeal if the lower court already granted sufficient mitigation based on the circumstances.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that Uwamahoro Claire intentionally killed the victim by stabbing her in the torso with a knife, which demonstrates intent to kill under established jurisprudence. The claim of provocation was not properly raised at trial and cannot be considered on appeal. The sentence of 18 years' imprisonment was deemed appropriate and sufficiently mitigated given the circumstances and remorse shown; no further reduction was warranted.

Obiter and limits

  • Provocation must be clearly raised and substantiated at trial to be considered on appeal.
  • Mitigation of sentence is limited by statutory minimums and the seriousness of the offense.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed

  • The appeal of Uwamahoro Claire is dismissed.
  • The High Court judgment and sentence of 18 years' imprisonment is affirmed.
  • Uwamahoro Claire is exempted from paying court costs due to her custodial status.

Source and reliance status

Court of Appeal · 27 May 2025

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Court of Appeal

Criminal· 27 May 2025

RPAA 00888/2024/CA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMAHORO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00888/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

Text

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UWAMAHORO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00888/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) Ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake – Guhindura inyito y’icyaha no kugabanyirizwa igihano – Kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Ubusembure – Ibiburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire biba bigomba kuba byari byaburanyweho mu rukiko rubanza. Impamvu itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa ntiyasuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire kuko itafatwa nk’inenge iri mu rubanza cyangwa ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza ku buryo byashingirwaho biba impamvu y’ubujurire. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Kongera kugabanya igihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwamahoro Claire yishe uwitwa Cyiza Pontiene amuteye icyuma mu rubavu, ahita afatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko

Uwamahoro Claire ahamwa n’icyo cyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, rushingiye ku kuba yaracyemeye mu nzego zose yanyuzemo. Uwamahoro Claire yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, asaba kandi ko igihano yahanishijwe kigabanywa kuko yakoze icyaha atabigambiriye ahubwo yabitewe n’umujinya kandi akaba acyemera akanagisabira imbabazi. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko Uwamahoro Claire yateye nyakwigendera icyuma mu cyico, bityo rero icyaha yakoze kikaba ari icy’ubwicanyi; naho ku bijyanye n’igihano avuga ko nta cyatuma kitagabanywa hagendewe ku Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko inyito y’icyaha Uwamahoro Claire ashinjwa idakwiriye guhinduka, kuko, yishe nyawigendera Cyiza Pontiene ku bushake kuko yamuteye icyuma mu gatuza ahita apfa, ariko rwemeza ko igihano kigabanywa maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 18 kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha no kucyicuza. Uwamahoro Claire yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko nta mugambi wo kwica nyakwigendera yari afite, asaba kandi ko inyito y’icyaha ashinjwa ihinduka agahanirwa ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake, anasaba kandi Urukiko kwemeza ko yakoze icyaha asembuwe na

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nyakwigendera kuko ari we wabanje kumuniga, no kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko atararuhije ubutabera. Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Claire nta shingiro bufite kuko iyi mpamvu ayiburanishije bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri, bityo ikaba idakwiriye gusuzumwa; ko ariko n’iyo yasuzumwa idakwiriye guhabwa ishingiro kuko nta busembure bwbabayeho. Ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha uhagarariye Ubshinjacyaha avuga ko idakwiriye guhinduka kuko kuko uregwa yateye nyakwigendera icyuma mu cyico, bityo ko n’igihano yahanishijwe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa kuko byakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo byo kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Uwamahoro Claire ashinjwa ikwiriye guhinduka agahanirwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake; kumenya niba impamvu y’ubusembure Uwamahoro Claire aburanisha kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire ifite ishingiro; no Kumenya niba igihano Uwamahoro Claire yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). 2.Ibiburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire biba bigomba kuba byari byaburanyweho mu rukiko rubanza. Impamvu itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa ntiyasuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire kuko itafatwa nk’inenge iri mu rubanza cyangwa ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza ku buryo byashingirwaho biba impamvu y’ubujurire. Bityo, impamvu y’ubujurire ishingiye ku busembure ntishobora gufatwa nk’inenge mu rubanza rujuririrwa iyo uregwa atarayiburanishije mu Rukiko rubanza.

3. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00024/2021/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mukayisenga, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022; Urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014; Urubanza RPAA 00507/2023/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ntaganzwa, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/03/2025. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 22/12/2020 mu gihe cya saa sita n’iminota 20 z’amanywa (12h20), Ubugenzacyaha bwahawe amakuru n'abaturage batuye mu Mudugudu wa Kalisimbi, Akagari ka Kabuga I, Umurenge wa Rusororo mu Karere ka Gasabo ko Uwamahoro Claire yishe uwitwa Cyiza Pontiene amuteye icyuma mu rubavu, ahita afatwa atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Uwamahoro Claire yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00022/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 26/08/2021 rwemeje ko Uwamahoro Claire ahamwa n’icyo cyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, rushingiye ku kuba yaracyemeye mu nzego zose yanyuzemo. [4] Uwamahoro Claire yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, asaba kandi ko igihano yahanishijwe kigabanywa kuko yakoze icyaha atabigambiriye ahubwo yabitewe n’umujinya kandi akaba acyemera akanagisabira imbabazi. [5] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko Uwamahoro Claire yateye nyakwigendera icyuma mu cyico, bityo rero icyaha yakoze kikaba ari icy’ubwicanyi; naho ku bijyanye n’igihano avuga ko nta cyatuma kitagabanywa hagendewe ku Itegeko rishya

riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 01393/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 25/07/2024 rwemeje ko inyito y’icyaha Uwamahoro Claire ashinjwa idakwiriye guhinduka, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwabibonye, yishe nyawigendera Cyiza Pontiene ku bushake kuko yamuteye icyuma mu gatuza agahita apfa, kandi hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye ukanakomeza gukurikizwa mu manza11 zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica cyangwa niba yari agamije gusa kumukubita cyangwa kumukomeretsa bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Naho ku bijyanye n’igihano yahanishijwe, rwemeza ko kigabanywa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 18 kuko akomeje kwemera icyaha no kucyicuza. [7] Uwamahoro Claire yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00869/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/05/2025 yunganiwe na Me Zaninka Généreuse, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

1 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwashingiye ku manza RPAA 00451/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/03/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitanga Gad (igika cya23) n’urubanza RPAA 00258/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kajeneza Eric, igika cya 11.

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[8] Mu bujurire bwe Uwamahoro Claire avugaa ko nta mugambi wo kwica nyakwigendera yari afite, agasaba ko rero inyito y’icyaha ashinjwa ihinduka agahanirwa ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake. Asaba kandi Urukiko kwemeza ko yakoze icyaha asembuwe na nyakwigendera kuko ari we wabanje kumuniga, kandi rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko atararuhije ubutabera. [9] Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Claire nta shingiro bufite kuko iyi mpamvu ayiburanishije bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri bityo ikaba idakwiriye gusuzumwa; ko ariko n’iyo yasuzumwa idakwiriye guhabw aishingiro kuko nta busembure bwbabayeho; ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha uhagarariye Ubshinjacyaha avuga ko idakwiriye guhinduka kuko kuko Uwamahoro Claire yateye nyakwigendera icyuma mu cyico; n’igihano yahanishijwe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa kuko byakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [10] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza: - Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Uwamahoro Claire ashinjwa ikwiriye guhinduka agahanirwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake; - Kumenya niba impamvu y’ubusembure Uwamahoro Claire aburanisha kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire ifite ishingiro; - Kumenya niba igihano Uwamahoro Claire yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Uwamahoro Claire ashinjwa ikwiriye guhinduka agahanirwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake

[11] Uwamahoro Claire na Me Zaninka Généreuse umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi nyamara nta mugambi yagize wo kwica Cyiza Pontiene. Basobanura ko yari avuye iwe nta ntwaro yitwaje, kuko yari agiye guhaha, akaba atari azi ko ari buhure na nyakwigendera cyangw ako uyu yari amufitiye inzika ko yamutwaye umugabo; asaba Urukiko gushingira kuri ibyo bisobanuro no ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya111 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’bihano muri rusange rukemeza ko icyaha kimuhama ari ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa (igika cya 11), Uwamahoro Claire yasabaga Urukiko kwemeza ko icyaha kimuhama ari icyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu mu mwanya w’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, Urukiko rusobanura ko ibikorwa yakoze bitakwitwa ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, kuko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, umuntu wese ufite ubwenge buzima ufata icyuma akagitera undi mu gatuza aba agamije kumwica nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza asobanura ko ikindi gishimangira ko icyaha Uwamahoro Claire yakoze atari ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, ari uko ibyo yakoze bitamutunguye nk’uko nawe ubwe yabyivugiye abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha (reba igisubizo yatanze

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ku kibazo cya kane), bikanahuza n’ibyo umutangabuhamya witwa Hagenimana Gilbert yasobanuye ko Uwamahoro Claire yaje ahasanga nyakwigendera, amubonye aramubwira ngo ngaho ongera uncike, ahita afata icyuma cyari ku isafuriya irimo ibirayi arakimutera; ko n’ubwo yaje nta cyuma afite ayo magambo yabanje kumubwira agaragaza ko yari afite umugambi wo kumugirira nabi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka kuriiki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibikorwa Uwamahoro Claire yakoze bigize icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake. [15] Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye ukanakomeza gukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko2, kumenya niba uwakubise undi ku bushake yari afite umugambi wo kumwica bisuzumirwa mu cyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu kumukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, kuba Uwamahoro Claire yarateye Cyiza Potienne icyuma (igikoresho gishobora kwica) mu rubavu (mu cyico) kandi agahita apfa, bigaragaza ko yari agamije kumwica, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza rwagaragajwe haruguru, ari narwo rwashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa; impamvu ashingiraho avuga ko zigaragaza ko yavuye iwe nta mugambi afite wo kwica nyakwigendera cyangwa kumugirira nabi zikaba ntacyo zihindura kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe, ubushake bwo kwica bugaragarira mu cyakoreshejwe mu gukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe, bikaba atari ngombwa ko buri gihe biba byabanje gutegurirwa umugambi. Kuba Uwamahoro Claire yarishe nyakwigendera ku bushake kandi binashimangirwa n’imvugo ye mu Bugenzacyaha aho yasobanuye ko yamuteye icyuma kubera umujinya w’uko nyakwigendera yari yaraye amukubise, hanyuma bahuriye muri butike nawe aramubwira ati noneho ongera uncike, batangira kurwana ubwo. [17] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Uwamahoro Claire akaba ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake.

2.Kumenya niba impamvu y’ubusembure Uwamahoro Claire aburanisha kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire ifite ishingiro [18] Uwamahoro Claire n’umwunganira bavuga ko icyaha ashinjwa yagikoze biturutse ku myitwarire ya nyakwigendera yamusembuye, Basobanura ko Uwamahoro Claire yagiye muri butike guhaha, asangayo nyakwigendera Cyiza Pontienne hanyuma uyu atangira kumubwira ko yamutwariye umugabo (ngo kuko bombi bari indaya zigurisha) bahita barwana, nyakwigendera amurusha imbaraga amufata mu ijosi aramuniga, Uwamahoro Claire nawe abona icyuma nyir’iyo butike yari arimo guhatisha ibirayi arakimutera yitabara ahita yiruka, nyakwigendera amwirukaho

2 Mu manza ziheruka gucibwa harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00663/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukakalisa Liberata (igika cya 26) n’urubanza RPAA 00829/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Emmanuel (igika cya 17).

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ageze hanze agwa kuri icyo cyuma kimwishingamo neza arapfa, Bavuga kandi ko kuba yarabanje kunigwa na nyakwigendera binemezwa na Hagenimana Gilbert mu buhamya bwe, aho yasobanuye ko Cyiza Potienne yafashe Uwamahoro Claire mu ijosi aramuniga, uyu nawe afata icyuma cyari aho muri butike akimutera mu rubavu rw’ibumoso yitabara. [19] Me Zaninka Généreuse avuga no ku nzego zibanza Uwamahoro yaburanishije iyi mpamvu y’uko yabanje kunigw na nyakwigendera, ariko ntiyasobanura neza ko ari ubusembure kubera kutamenya amategeko; asoza asaba uru Rukiko kemeza ko icyaha ashinjwa yagikoze biturutse ku usembure. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire ishingiye ku busembure nta shingiro ifite, kuko Uwamahoro Claire atigeze ayiburanisha mu rubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00507/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntaganzwa David (igika cya 21,23), aho rwagize ruti: „Ibiburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire biba bigomba kuba byari byaburanyweho mu Rukiko rubanza. Impamvu itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa ntiyasuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire kuko itafatwa nk’inenge iri mu rubanza cyangwa ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza ku buryo byashingirwaho biba impamvu y’ubujurire. Kuba uregwa yarajuririye impamvu itaraburanweho si impamvu ituma ubujurire bwe butakirwa, ahubwo iba impamvu ituma ubujurire budahabwa

ishingiro hakagumishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe”. [20] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza asaba ko cyakora Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rugasuzuma iyo mpamvu y’ubusembure, rwakwemeza ko nta bwabayeho rushingiye ku mvugo za Hagenimana Gilbert mu Bugenzacyaha aho yasobanuye ko Uwamahoro Claire yinjiye muri butike ye asangamo nyakwigendera, aramubwira ngo ngaho ongera uncike, aribwo yahise amutera icyuma cyari hafi aho; ko ibi kandi na Uwamahoro Claire nawe yabyivugiye mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha, aho yasobanuye ko yateye nyakwigendera icyuma kubera umujinya w’uko yari yaraye amukubise, bahuriye muri butike aramubwira ati ongera uncike, bahera ubwo barwana; ko rero ibyo byose bigaragaza ko yari yaje agambiriye kumugirira nabi kubera inzika yari amufitiye kuko bari baraye barwanye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba impamvu y’ubusembure Uwamahoro Claire ataburanishije mu rubanza rujuririrwa yasuzumwa muri uru Rukiko. [22] Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00024/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukayisenga, “Ibiburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire biba bigomba kuba byari byaburanyweho mu rukiko rubanza. Impamvu itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa ntiyasuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire kuko itafatwa nk’inenge iri mu rubanza cyangwa ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza ku buryo byashingirwaho biba impamvu y’ubujurire.” Uyu murongo kandi wanakurikijwe mu rubanza RPAA 00507/2023/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 19/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntaganzwa David (igika cya 21,23). [23] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, uru Rukiko rurasanga mu rubanza rujuririrwa haraburanywe ibinyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha no kugabanyirizwa igihano, hemezwa ko inyito y’icyaha idakwiye guhinduka kuko Uwamahoro Claire yateye nyakwigendera icyuma mu cyico, naho ku bijyanye n’igihano rwemeza ko kigabanywa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 18.

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[24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga impamvu y’uko yanizwe na nyakwigendera bigatuma amutera icyuma, ari nayo ashingiraho ubusembure, Uwamahoro Claire atarigeze ayiburanisha mu Rukiko Rukuru, haba mu myanzuro ye cyangwa mu iburanisha, ahubwo akaba yaravugaga ko asaba mbabazi kuko yakoreshejwe n’umujinya akanasaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha no kugabanyirizwa igihano; bityo rero hashingiwe ku watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00024/2021/CA rwavuzwe haruguru (mu gika cya 24), impamvu y’ubujurire ishingiye ku busembure ikaba nta shingiro ifite kuko idashobora gufatwa nk’inenge mu rubanza rujuririrwa Uwamahoro Claire atarayiburanishije mu Rukiko Rukuru nk’uko byagaragajwe.

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3.Kumenya niba igihano Uwamahoro Claire yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa [25] Uwamahoro Claire n’umwunganira bavuga Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Uwamahoro Claire igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 18 rwirengagije ko yakoze icyaha atabigambiriye kandi akaba atararuhije ubutabera kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa; basaba uru Rukiko gushingira kuri izo mpamvu rukamugabanyiriza igihano, hanitawe ku kuba yaragororotse akaniga imyuga ku buryo arekuwe yajya kwiteza imbere. [26] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nayo nta shingiro ifite, kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya 13-15 by’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije Uwamahoro Claire igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yakomeje kwicuza icyaha maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 18, kikaba rero kidakwiriye kongera kugabanywa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [27] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 18 Uwamahoro Claire yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa. [28] Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo» [29] Ingingo ya 107, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu; naho ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko N°59/2023 ryo kuwa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [30] Mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mpitabakana (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127), Urukiko rwasobanuye ko “Uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.” Uyu murongo

wanakomeje gukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 00170/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Karangwa Olivier (igika cya 22). [31] Ku birebana na Uwamahoro Claire, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu rubanza rujuririrwa yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru (mu gika cya 31) ubundi icyaha cy’ubwicanyi gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; igifungo cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 18 yahanishijwe kikaba gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kuko yavukije Cyiza Pontienne ubuzima ku bushake, akaba adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

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[32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Claire nta shingiro bufite, bityo hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwamahoro Claire nta shingiro bufite. [34] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01393/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 25/07/2024 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [35] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) Uwamahoro Claire yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [36] Rutegetse ko Uwamahoro Claire asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.

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Authorities

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Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

RPA 0110/10/CS, Supreme Court, 31/01/2014

Case cited

RPAA 00024/2021/CA, Court of Appeal, 29/07/2022

Case cited

RPA 0129/10/CS, Supreme Court, 07/03/2014

Case cited

RPAA 00507/2023/CA, Court of Appeal, 19/12/2024

Case cited

RPAA 00170/2024/CA, Court of Appeal, 24/03/2025

Case cited

RPAA 00663/2024/CA, Court of Appeal, 28/03/2025

Case cited

RPAA 00829/2024/CA, Court of Appeal, 28/03/2025

Case cited

Law No. 68/2018 of 30/08/2018 on offences and penalties, Article 49, 107

Legislation

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Law No. 59/2023 of 04/12/2023 amending Law No. 68/2018

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