The Supreme Court held that a claim filed against persons already deceased is inadmissible because deceased persons lack legal personality and cannot lawfully be sued.
A business name (entreprise individuelle) lacks legal personality and cannot sue in its own name; only the proprietor may bring claims. Therefore, the claim by Entreprise Usengimana Richard was inadmissible, and the lower court's decision to the contrary was set aside.
Julia Shop, as a sole proprietorship, lacks legal personality and cannot sue in its own name; only the business owner, Mukandahiro Julienne, has standing to bring a claim. Therefore, the claim filed by Julia Shop was inadmissible and the lower courts' judgments must be quashed.
The Supreme Court held that Julia Shop, as an individual business name, lacked legal personality and could not sue in its own name. The claim was inadmissible.
The Supreme Court held that JULIA SHOP, as a sole proprietorship business name, lacked legal personality and could not sue in its own name. The appeal succeeded.
FERWAFA, though lacking legal personality at the time of the initial claim, was entitled to seek review of the judgment as a party to the original proceedings. The absence at trial was not justified by exceptional circumstances, as the failure to deliver the summons was due to employee negligence, not force majeure. However, the penalty for delaying proceedings was not warranted because the scheduling conflict of FERWAFA's advocate was not intentional delay attributable to FERWAFA.