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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Matali and Others v S (A338/2010) [2012] ZAFSHC 156 (30 August 2012)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that all three appellants conspired and acted together to commit housebreaking with intent to rob and robbery. The evidence, including medical testimony, established that the deceased suffered fatal injuries inconsistent with an accidental fall, and that the violence required to cause such injuries indicated at least dolus eventualis. The second appellant's denial of involvement was rejected as false, and corroborated by other evidence, including his active role in selling the stolen goods. The court held that, regardless of which appellant physically assaulted the deceased, all were liable for murder due to their joint enterprise and reckless disregard for the possibility of death. The convictions and sentences were therefore upheld.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed; convictions and sentences confirmed.

Orders

  • The appeals of all three appellants are dismissed.
  • The convictions and sentences imposed by the trial court are confirmed.

02

Material facts

Parties

Papi Desmond Matali

Appellant Counsel: J D Reyneke

Mohau Ishmael Mokoena

Appellant Counsel: L M Tsabalala

Pule Simon Khoele

Appellant Counsel: P W Nel

The State

Respondent Counsel: S Georgi

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Conviction and Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The first and third appellants admitted planning and executing the housebreaking but argued on appeal that they should have been convicted of culpable homicide rather than murder. The second appellant contended that he should not have been convicted on either count, claiming his involvement was limited to assisting with carrying stolen goods after the fact.
Respondent
The respondent maintained that all three appellants participated fully in the planning and execution of the housebreaking and robbery, and that the medical and corroborative evidence demonstrated that the deceased's death resulted from intentional conduct by the appellants, justifying convictions for murder and robbery.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    S v Malinga and Others 1963 (1) SA 692 (A) at 695 A–C

    Where multiple accused act in concert to commit a crime, each is liable for the consequences of the joint enterprise, including murder if death results and dolus eventualis is present.

  2. 02

    S v Madlala 1969 (2) SA 637 (A) at 640 G–H

    Dolus eventualis is established where the accused foresee the possibility of death resulting from their actions and proceed recklessly.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that all three appellants conspired and acted together to commit housebreaking with intent to rob and robbery. The evidence, including medical testimony, established that the deceased suffered fatal injuries inconsistent with an accidental fall, and that the violence required to cause such injuries indicated at least dolus eventualis. The second appellant's denial of involvement was rejected as false, and corroborated by other evidence, including his active role in selling the stolen goods. The court held that, regardless of which appellant physically assaulted the deceased, all were liable for murder due to their joint enterprise and reckless disregard for the possibility of death. The convictions and sentences were therefore upheld.

Obiter and limits

  • The court noted that the testimony of co-accused must be approached with caution but found sufficient corroboration in this case.
  • The medical evidence was decisive in rejecting the third appellant's version of events regarding the cause of death.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed; convictions and sentences confirmed.

  • The appeals of all three appellants are dismissed.
  • The convictions and sentences imposed by the trial court are confirmed.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2012] ZAFSHC 156

VRYSTAATSE HOË HOF, BLOEMFONTEIN

REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA

Appèlnommer: A338/2010

In die appèl tussen:-

PAPI

DESMOND MATALI .............................................Eerste Appellant

MOHAU ISHMAEL MOKOENA ..................................Tweede Appellant

PULE

SIMON KHOELE ..................................................Derde Appellant

en

DIE

STAAT ...........................................................................Respondent

_____________

CORAM: VAN DER MERWE, R et JORDAAN, R et MOLEFE, WND R

UITSPRAAK DEUR: VAN DER MERWE, R

AANGEHOOR OP: 20 AUGUSTUS 2012

GELEWER OP: 30 AUGUSTUS 2012

[1] Die drie appellante is in die Rondgaande Hof te Sasolburg elk skuldig bevind aan huisbraak met die opset om te roof en roof (aanklag 1) en moord (aanklag 2). Elke appellant is op aanklag 1 gevonnis tot 5 jaar gevangenisstraf en op aanklag 2 tot 20 jaar gevangenisstraf, maar is gelas dat die vonnisse samelopend uitgedien moet word. Die appellante se appèlle teen skuldigbevindings en vonnisse is voor ons met die verlof van die verhoorhof.

[2] Die agtergrond van die aangeleentheid is dat ‘n huisbraak gepleeg is te ‘n drankwinkel. Die oorledene, wie te die drankwinkel gewerk het, het gewoon in ‘n kamer in die kompleks waarin die drankwinkel gehuisves is. Twee-en-twintig kaste

bier sowel as persoonlike besittings van die oorledene is geroof. Na die roof is die oorledene dood aangetref in sy kamer.

[3] Die eerste appellant en die derde appellant het in hul getuienis erken dat hulle die huisbraak beplan en uitgevoer het. Hul voer op appèl slegs aan dat hul op aanklag 2 nie aan moord skuldig bevind moes gewees het nie maar wel aan strafbare manslag.

Die tweede appellant voer aan dat hy op geeneen van die aanklagte skuldig bevind behoort te gewees het nie.

[4] Die tweede appellant het getuig dat hy slegs na die inbraak by die aangeleentheid betrokke geraak het, toe hy deur die eerste en die derde appellante versoek is om te help om die kaste drank te dra. Beide die eerste en die derde appellant het egter in getuienis bevestig dat die tweede appellant ten volle deelgeneem het aan die beplanning en uitvoering van die inbraak. Die verhoorhof het

hierdie getuienis oorweeg met die versigtigheid wat geverg word by die beoordeling van die getuienis van mede-daders, maar dit aanvaar. Ek is geensins oortuig dat die verhoorhof in hierdie verband fouteer het nie. Die tweede appellant se getuienis was duidelik leuenagtig. Behalwe dat die eerste en derde appellante mekaar gestaaf het, word hul getuienis wat die tweede appellant betrek wesenlik gestaaf deur die onbetwiste getuienis dat die tweede appellant ‘n leidende en aktiewe rol gespeel het daarin om die buit te verkoop.

[5] Slegs die derde appellant het getuienis aangebied aangaande hoe die oorledene se dood veroorsaak sou gewees het. Hy het getuig dat terwyl die drie appellante in die kamer van die oorledene was, die eerste en tweede appellante vir die oorledene in sy komberse

toegewikkel het en die bed waarop die oorledene gelê het op die oorledene omgekeer het. Hierdie getuienis kan nie redelik moontlik waar wees nie. Dit blyk uit die mediese getuienis dat die oorledene gesterf het as gevolg van ‘n fraktuur van sy nek en subaragnoidale bloeding aan weerskante van die skedel. Die oorledene kon nie hierdie beserings opgedoen het deur bloot te val van ‘n bed van ‘n normale hoogte nie. Die derde appellant se getuienis bied ook geen verduideliking vir die teenwoordigheid van bloed van die oorledene op sy skoen nie.

[6] Soos gemeld, het die drie appellante saamgesweer om die onderhawige huisbraak te pleeg. Ek is bereid om te aanvaar dat daar ‘n redelike moontlikheid bestaan dat hul nie aanvanklik voorsien het dat hul teenstand gedurende die uitvoering van die huisbraak sou teëkom nie. Dit is egter duidelik dat die drie appellante saam te werk sou gaan in die uitvoering van hul plan en dus tesame na die oorledene se kamer sou gaan. Dit is inderdaad die getuienis van die derde appellant. Die aard en erns van die oorledene

se beserings is aanduidend daarvan dat hy deur meer as een van die appellante aangerand is. Ten minste toe die aanranding op die

oorledene ‘n aanvang geneem het, het sodanige van die appellante wat nie fisies daaraan deelgeneem het nie, die moontlikheid van die dood van die oorledene by afleiding inderdaad voorsien, maar roekeloos daaromtrent voortgegaan met die uitvoering van hul plan. Op hierdie basis is elk van die appellante skuldig aan die veroorsaking van die dood van die oorledene, ongeag wie presies

die aanranding op die oorledene fisies uitgevoer het. Sien S v MALINGA AND OTHERS 1963 (1) SA 692 (A) op 695 A – C en S v MADLALA 1969 (2) SA 637 (A) OP 640 G – H. Die geweld wat op die oorledene toegepas moes gewees het ten einde die gemelde beserings en sy dood te veroorsaak, is sodanig dat opset om te dood ten minste in die vorm van dolus eventualis teenwoordig was. Gevolglik is aldrie appellante na my oordeel tereg aan moord skuldig bevind.

[7] Gevolglik word die appèlle van die hand gewys en die skuldigbevindings en vonnisse bekragtig.

________

C.H.G. VAN DER MERWE, R

Ek stem saam.

_____

A. F. JORDAAN, R

_______

D. S. MOLEFE, WND R

Namens die eerste appellant: Adv. J D Reyneke

In opdrag van:

Regsentrum

BLOEMFONTEIN

Namens die tweede appellant: Adv. L M Tsabalala

Namens die derde appellant: Adv. P W Nel

Namens die respondent: Adv. S Georgi

Die Direkteur:

Openbare Vervolgings

/eb

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S v Malinga and Others 1963 (1) SA 692 (A)

Case cited

S v Madlala 1969 (2) SA 637 (A)

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