Ruiters v S (A560/08) [2010] ZAWCHC 557 (12 November 2010)
- Citation
- [2010] ZAWCHC 557
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Western Cape High Court, Cape Town
- Panel
- Cleaver, Van Heerden
- Case number
- A560/08
More details
- Court
- Western Cape High Court, Cape Town
- Panel
- Cleaver, Van Heerden
- Case number
- A560/08
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The appeal court found that the trial court overemphasised the appellant's previous convictions, particularly those that were remote in time, and failed to adequately consider the limited quantity of drugs involved and the appellant's personal circumstances. The sentence of 10 years' imprisonment for the two counts of dealing in mandrax was held to be shockingly inappropriate in the circumstances. The appeal was upheld in respect of these counts, and the sentence was reduced to 5 years' imprisonment, taking into account the year the appellant spent in custody awaiting trial. The sentence of 15 months' imprisonment for possession of dagga was found to be appropriate and was confirmed.
Court disposition
Appeal against sentence for two counts of dealing in mandrax succeeded; sentence reduced to 5 years' imprisonment. Appeal against sentence for possession of dagga dismissed; sentence confirmed.
Orders
- The appeal against the sentence imposed for the two counts of contravening section 5(b) of Act 140 of 1992 succeeds.
- The two counts are to be taken together for purposes of sentence.
- The sentence for the two counts is set aside and substituted with a sentence of 5 years' imprisonment.
- The appeal against the sentence imposed for the count of possession of dagga is dismissed and the sentence of 15 months' imprisonment is confirmed.
02
Material facts
Parties
Wilfred John Ruiters
AppellantThe State
RespondentAmounts and remedies
- Original Sentence for Dealing in Mandrax: ZAR 10
- Suspended Portion of Sentence for Dealing in Mandrax: ZAR 4
- Reduced Sentence for Dealing in Mandrax (on Appeal): ZAR 5
- Sentence for Possession of Dagga: ZAR 15
03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Sentence
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the sentence of 10 years' imprisonment imposed for two counts of dealing in mandrax was appropriate in the circumstances.
- 02
Whether the trial court overemphasised the appellant's previous convictions when determining sentence.
- 03
Whether the sentence for possession of dagga was appropriate.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The appellant argued that the sentence of 10 years' imprisonment for the two counts of dealing in mandrax was shockingly inappropriate given the limited quantity of drugs involved and his personal circumstances. He contended that the trial court placed undue emphasis on his previous convictions, particularly those that were remote in time, and failed to properly consider mitigating factors such as the period spent in custody awaiting trial.
- Respondent
- The respondent maintained that the appellant's extensive history of drug-related offences justified a severe sentence. It was argued that the trial court correctly considered the seriousness of the offences and the interests of society, and that the sentence imposed was within the statutory limits and appropriate given the appellant's recidivism.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
S v Slabbert 1998 (1) SACR 64 (SCA)
A suspended sentence of imprisonment is nonetheless a sentence of imprisonment and forms part of the whole sentence, which must be appropriate before suspension is considered.
- 02
S v Baartman 1997 (1) SACR 304 (ECD)
An accused should be sentenced for the offence charged and not for his previous record; sentences must be proportionate to the gravity of the offence; while escalating sentences for repeat offenders may be justified, there are boundaries to increasing sentences for petty crimes.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The appeal court found that the trial court overemphasised the appellant's previous convictions, particularly those that were remote in time, and failed to adequately consider the limited quantity of drugs involved and the appellant's personal circumstances. The sentence of 10 years' imprisonment for the two counts of dealing in mandrax was held to be shockingly inappropriate in the circumstances. The appeal was upheld in respect of these counts, and the sentence was reduced to 5 years' imprisonment, taking into account the year the appellant spent in custody awaiting trial. The sentence of 15 months' imprisonment for possession of dagga was found to be appropriate and was confirmed.
Obiter and limits
- Dealing in mandrax is not a petty crime, but sentencing principles regarding proportionality and consideration of personal circumstances remain relevant.
- The suspended portion of a sentence is not to be viewed as if it will not be served; it is part of the whole sentence and must be appropriate before suspension is considered.
- The interests of society must be balanced against the personal circumstances of the accused, especially where the quantities of drugs involved are limited.
Court disposition
Appeal against sentence for two counts of dealing in mandrax succeeded; sentence reduced to 5 years' imprisonment. Appeal against sentence for possession of dagga dismissed; sentence confirmed.
- The appeal against the sentence imposed for the two counts of contravening section 5(b) of Act 140 of 1992 succeeds.
- The two counts are to be taken together for purposes of sentence.
- The sentence for the two counts is set aside and substituted with a sentence of 5 years' imprisonment.
- The appeal against the sentence imposed for the count of possession of dagga is dismissed and the sentence of 15 months' imprisonment is confirmed.
Source and reliance status
Western Cape High Court, Cape Town
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Western Cape High Court, Cape Town
Judgment
IN DIE HOE HOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA
(WES-KAAP HOE HOF, KAAPSTAD)
Saaknr: A560/08
In die appel van:
WILFRED
JOHN RUITERS ….....................................................................Appellant
en
DIE
STAAT ….......................................................................................Respondent
UITSPRAAK GELEWER OP VRYDAG 12
NOVEMBER 2010
[1] Die Appellant is op 24 Oktober 2007 in die Landdroshof te Robertson skuldig bevind op twee klagtes van 'n oortreding van artikel 5(b) en een klagte van 'n oortreding van artikel 4(b) van die Wet op Dwelmmiddels en Dwelmsmokkelary, Nr. 140 van 1992.
[2] Die Appellant is gevonnis tot 10 jaar gevangenisstraf, waarvan 4 jaar opgeskort is vir 5 jaar op voorwaarde dat hy nie weer skuldig bevind word aan 'n oortreding van artikel 5(b) van Wet 140 van 1992 gedurende die tydperk van opskorting nie, ten opsigte van die twee klagtes van die oortreding van artikel 5(b), wat saamgevoeg is vir doeleindes van vonnis. Die Appellant is verder gevonnis tot 15 maande gevangenisstraf ten opsigte van die klagte van die oortreding van artikel 4(b) van Wet 140 van 1992, synde vir die besit van dagga.
[3] Die Appellant is op petisie verlof verleen om te appelleer teen die vonnis, maar nie teen die skuldigbevindings nie.
[4] Die Appellant is in 1955 gebore en het 'n redelike indrukwekkende lys van vorige veroordelings wat in 1972 begin het en met die laaste vorige veroordeling in Oktober 2003. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie appel is dit nie nodig om met al sy vorige veroordelings te handel nie. Die Appellant is onder andere in 1977 gevonnis tot 15 maande op elke van drie klagtes van huisbraak, in 1981 het hy 30 maande gevangenisstraf gekry vir roof, in 1983 is hy op twee klagtes van aanranding, wat saamgevoeg is vir vonnis, tot ses maande gevangenisstraf gevonnis. In 1983 het hy ook 4 jaar gevangenisstraf gekry vir huisbraak asook 18 maande vir saakbeskadiging.
[5] Die Appellant se geskiedenis met betrekking tot oortredings van die bepalings van Wet 140 van 1992 (of sy voorganger) het vroeg begin en in 1972 het hy 6 houe gekry vir die besit van dagga. In 1987 is hy gevonnis vir handeldryf in mandrax tot R1000.00 of 2 jaar gevangenisstraf, plus een jaar gevangenisstraf wat vir 5 jaar opgeskort is op sekere voorwaardes. In 1992 het hy 3 jaar vir besit van verbode afhanklikheidsvormende medisyne gekry, wat opgeskort is op voorwaarde dat hy onder andere aanmeld by die Toevlug Rehabilitasie Sentrum te Worcester. In 1994 is hy gevonnis tot 4 jaar gevangenisstraf vir handeldryf in mandrax. In 2003 is die Appellant gevonnis tot R3 000.00 of ses maande gevangenisstraf, wat in die geheel opgeskort is op sekere voorwaardes, vir handeldryf in mandrax.
[6] Die aanklagtes waarop die Appellant in hierdie saak skuldig bevind is, is in laat 2006 gepleeg. Die Appellant is as gevolg van 'n lokvink aangekla vir handeldryf in mandrax. Op die een aanklag was 8V4 mandrax tablette en 'n klein hoeveelheid los dagga betrokke en op die ander aanklag was 1 mandrax tablet en 'n klein hoeveelheid los dagga betrokke.
[7] Op die derde aanklag was hy in besit van 70 gram dagga wat hy by horn gehad het in die gevangenis toe hy verhoorafwagtend was op die ander twee aanklagtes.
[8] Kragtens die bepalings van artikel 64 gelees met artikel 17(e) van Wet 140 van 1992, is 'n distrik landdros gemagtig om 'n vonnis van tot 25 jaar te gee vir 'n oortreding van artikel 5(b) van Wet 140 van 1992.
[9] Die verhoor landdros het die Appellant gevonnis op die twee klagtes van handeldryf in mandrax tot 10 jaar waarvan 4 jaar opgeskort is op seker voorwaardes. Hierdie is nie 'n vonnis van 6 jaar nie, maar 'n vonnis van 10 jaar, en in hierdie verband het Schutz AR in S v Slabbert 1998 (1) SACR 64 (SCA) 647J-648D die volgende gese:
"It has been emphasised repeatedly, in a variety of contexts, that a suspended sentence of imprisonment is, nonetheless, a sentence of imprisonment...
In a different context it has been held that a suspended sentence is not something 'tacked on' to an unsuspended sentence. The suspended part is not to be viewed as if it will not be served. It is part of the whole sentence and it is the whole that should be appropriate, before consideration is given to suspension of a part."
Die vraag wat nou beantwoord moet word, is of 'n 10 jaar vonnis in hierdie omstandighede regverdig is, of kom dit neer op 'n mistasting van die verhoorhof.
[10] Alhoewel die Appellant vorige veroordelings vir handeldryf in en besit van dwelms het, moet die hof wanneer dit vonnis ople versigtig wees en in gedagte hou dat:
"(a) the accused should be sentences for the offence charged and not for his previous record;
(b) the public interest is harmed rather than served bysentences that are out of proportion to the gravity of theoffence; and
(c) while it may be justifiable up to a point to impose escalatingsentences on offenders who keep on repeating the sameoffence, there are boundaries to the extent to which sentence for petty crimes can be increased."
(S v Baartman 1997(1) SACR 304 ECD at 305C - E)
[11] Handeldryf in mandrax is natuurlik nie 'n "petty crime" nie, maar die beginsels soos uiteengesit in S v Baartman {supra) is van belang.
[12] Die verhoorhof het klem gele op die Appellant se vorige veroordelings, veral die handeldryf in of die besit van dwelms. As in ag geneem word die hoeveelheid dwelms wat in die Appellant se besit was ten tyde van die oortredings, is ek van mening dat die verhoorhof die Appellant se vorige veroordelings oorbeklemtoon het en ook die ernstigheid van die betrokke oortredings.
[13] Na my mening het die verhoorhof die Appellant se vorige veroordelings oorbeklemtoon, veral as daar gekyk word na die feit dat behalwe vir die oortreding in 2003 was sy laaste vorige veroordeling vir dwelms in 1994, twaalf jaar voor die huidige oortredings.
[14] Die Appellant is wel in 2003 skuldig bevind aan handeldryf in mandrax waarvoor hy 'n opgeskorte vonnis gekry het. Die verhoorhof het skerp kritiek teen hierdie vonnis gelewer alhoewel dit nie van al die feite van die oortreding of die toe betrokke persoonlike omstandighede van die Appellant geweet het nie. Dit blyk of die verhoorhof besluit het om die Appellant te straf nie net vir die huidige oortredings nie, maar ook vir die 2003 oortreding waarvoor die Appellant 'n opgeskorte vonnis gekry het.
[15] As daar gekyk word na die Appellant se persoonlike omstandighede, die beperkte hoeveelheid dwelms wat hier betrokke was en die belang van die gemeenskap, is ek van mening dat die vonnis van 10 jaar vir die 2 oortredings van artikel 5(b) van Wet 140 van 1992 in die omstandighede, skokkend onvanpas is. Na my mening sou 'n vonnis van 6 jaar vir die 2 oortredings van pas wees. [16] Ek is van mening dat die vonnis van 15 maande gevangenisstraf vir die besit van dagga toe die Appellant in die tronk was, nie onvanpas is nie. [17] Ek sou dus beveel dat die appel teen die Appellant se vonnis ten opsigte van die 2 oortredings van artikel 5(b) van Wet 140 van 1992 slaag. Ek sou ook, soos die landdros gedoen het, die twee klagtes saamvoeg vir die doeleindes van vonnis. Met inagneming van die jaar wat die Appellant verhoorafwagtend was, voordat sy saak gedien het, sou ek 'n vonnis van 5 jaar gevangenisstraf op die twee klagtes opgele. Van Heerden WnR Ek stem saam en dit word so beveel. Die effek hiervan is verder dat die appel teen die vonnis ten opsigte van klagte 3 van die hand gewys word. Die vonnis word bevestig. Cleaver R.
[15] As daar gekyk word na die Appellant se persoonlike omstandighede, die beperkte hoeveelheid dwelms wat hier betrokke was en die belang van die gemeenskap, is ek van mening dat die vonnis van 10 jaar vir die 2 oortredings van artikel 5(b) van Wet 140 van 1992 in die omstandighede, skokkend onvanpas is. Na my mening sou 'n vonnis van 6 jaar vir die 2 oortredings van pas wees.
[16] Ek is van mening dat die vonnis van 15 maande gevangenisstraf vir die besit van dagga toe die Appellant in die tronk was, nie onvanpas is nie.
[17] Ek sou dus beveel dat die appel teen die Appellant se vonnis ten opsigte van die 2 oortredings van artikel 5(b) van Wet 140 van 1992 slaag. Ek sou ook, soos die landdros gedoen het, die twee klagtes saamvoeg vir die doeleindes van vonnis. Met inagneming van die jaar wat die Appellant verhoorafwagtend was, voordat sy saak gedien het, sou ek 'n vonnis van 5 jaar gevangenisstraf op die twee klagtes opgele.
Van Heerden WnR
Ek stem saam en dit word so beveel. Die effek hiervan is verder dat die appel teen die vonnis ten opsigte van klagte 3 van die hand gewys word. Die vonnis word bevestig.
Cleaver R.
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