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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

S v Mokoena (1265/2006) [2006] ZAFSHC 128 (9 November 2006)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The accused was convicted under Regulation 36(1) of Act 93 of 1996, which does not create an offence for driving without a valid driver's licence. The correct statutory provision is section 12(a) of the National Road Traffic Act, read with sections 89(1) and 89(6), which establish the relevant offence and penalty. The charge as formulated was irregular and void, rendering both the conviction and sentence nullities. The court set aside the conviction and sentence on special review.

Court disposition

Conviction and sentence set aside as irregular and void.

Orders

  • The conviction and sentence imposed on Letshabo Abel Mokoena are set aside.

02

Material facts

Parties

The State

Applicant

Letshabo Abel Mokoena

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Fine Imposed by Magistrate: ZAR 600
  • Alternative Imprisonment (days): 30

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Special Review / Review of Magistrate's Conviction and Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The magistrate submitted that the accused was incorrectly convicted under Regulation 36(1) instead of section 12(a) of the National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996. The matter was referred for special review to set aside the conviction and sentence.
Respondent
The accused pleaded guilty to driving a motor vehicle on a public road without a valid driver's licence. No substantive argument was advanced by the accused regarding the charge or conviction.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    R v Carto 1917 EDL 87 at 95

    A charge must correctly reflect the statutory provision that creates the offence; a conviction under a provision that does not create an offence is irregular and void.

  2. 02

    National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996

    Regulation 36(1) of Act 93/1996 deals with the display of licence discs and does not create an offence for driving without a licence.

  3. 03

    Section 304(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

    A conviction and sentence based on a null and irregular charge must be set aside.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The accused was convicted under Regulation 36(1) of Act 93 of 1996, which does not create an offence for driving without a valid driver's licence. The correct statutory provision is section 12(a) of the National Road Traffic Act, read with sections 89(1) and 89(6), which establish the relevant offence and penalty. The charge as formulated was irregular and void, rendering both the conviction and sentence nullities. The court set aside the conviction and sentence on special review.

Obiter and limits

  • Even the conditions of suspension referred to the incorrect statutory provision, further compounding the irregularity.
  • The wording of Regulation 36(1), read in isolation, does not establish any criminal offence.

Court disposition

Conviction and sentence set aside as irregular and void.

  • The conviction and sentence imposed on Letshabo Abel Mokoena are set aside.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2006] ZAFSHC 128

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Spesiale Hersiening Nr.: 1265/2006

In die saak tussen:

DIE

STAAT

en

LETSHABO

ABEL MOKOENA

_____________

CORAM: VAN DER MERWE, R et VAN ZYL, R

UITSPRAAK: VAN ZYL, R

GELEWER OP: 9 NOVEMBER 2006

[1] Beskuldigde het te Kroonstad landdroshof verskyn voortspruitend uit ‘n Skriftelike Kennisgewing om in die Hof te verskyn, uitgereik ooreenkomstig die bepalings van artikel 56 van die Strafproseswet, Wet Nr. 51 van 1977.

[2] Op 26 September 2006 het hy skuldig gepleit op ‘n aanklag wat bedoel was om te wees dat beskuldigde ‘n motorvoertuig op ‘n openbare pad bestuur het sonder ‘n geldige bestuurderslisensie. Hy is skuldig bevind en op 3 Oktober 2006 gevonnis tot R600,00 of 30 dae gevangenisstraf opgeskort op sekere voorwaardes.

[3] Die aangeleentheid is op spesiale hersiening ooreenkomstig die bepalings van artikel 304(4) van die Strafproseswet na hierdie hof gestuur met die volgende opmerkings deur die landdros:

“1. Beskuldigde is foutiewelik skuldig bevind aan Reg.36(1) in plaas van Artikel 12(a) van Wet 93/1996.

2. Die saak word derhalwe op spesiale hersiening gestuur vir tersydestelling.”

[4] Voormelde skriftelike kennisgewing het die aanklag omskryf as

“Act. 93/1996 Reg.36(i) Driving without a licence.”

Dit is op hierdie aanklag waarop die beskuldigde skuldig bevind is. Volledigheidshalwe word ook vermeld dat selfs die opskortingsvoorwaardes met betrekking tot die opgelegde vonnis bepaal dat die straf opgeskort word vir ‘n tydperk van 3 jaar op voorwaarde dat beskuldigde nie weer binne die tydperk van opskorting skuldig bevind word aan “oortreding van Reg.36(1) van Wet 93/1996” gepleeg binne die tydperk van opskorting nie.

[5] Dit blyk duidelik uit die verdere omskrywing van die beweerde misdryf wat op die skriftelike kennisgewing verskyn dat dit die bedoeling was om beskuldigde aan te kla daarvan dat hy ‘n motorvoertuig bestuur het sonder dat hy in besit is van ‘n geldige bestuurderslisensie. Regulasie 36(1) waarna verwys word in die aanklag handel egter met die wyse waarop ‘n lisensieskyf of ‘n lisensie- en padwaardigheidsertifikaatskyf op ‘n voertuig vertoon moet word. Dit is dus duidelik dat Regulasie 36(1) geensins betrekking het op die oortreding van ‘n motorvoertuig bestuur sonder ‘n geldige bestuurderslisensie nie. In ieder geval is die bewoording van Regulasie 36(1) sodanig dat dit, opsigself gelees, geensins enige misdryf daarstel nie. Dit is dus duidelik dat beskuldigde aangekla moes gewees het van ‘n oortreding van Artikel 12(a) van die Nasionale Padverkeerswet, Wet Nr. 93 van 1996, saamgelees met die bepalings van Artikel 89(1) en Artikel 89(6) van gemelde Wet, laasgenoemde synde die relevante misdryf- en strafbepalings waarsonder die aanklag nie ‘n behoorlike misdryf daar sal stel nie. (Sien R v CARTO 1917 EDL 87 op 95).

[6] Die aanklag soos beskryf in die skriftelike kennisgewing stel derhalwe nie ‘n misdryf daar nie en is die aanklag derhalwe onreëlmatig en nietig. Gevolglik is die skuldigbevinding en opgelegde vonnis ook onreëlmatig en nietig.

[7] In die vooropstelling word die skuldigbevinding en opgelegde vonnis tersyde gestel.

_____

C. VAN ZYL, R

Ek stem saam.

_____

C. H. G. VAN DER MERWE, R

/em

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

R v Carto 1917 EDL 87

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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