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South Africa Judgment

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

S v Nzilane (273/2017) [2017] ZAGPPHC 871 (16 October 2017)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court found that the accused was incorrectly convicted on both the main charge under the Domestic Violence Act and the alternative charge of assault. The law requires that a conviction should be entered on either the main charge or the alternative, but not both. The conviction on the alternative charge was therefore not in accordance with justice and had to be set aside. The review was necessary to correct the procedural error and ensure that justice was served.

Court disposition

The conviction on the alternative charge of assault is reviewed and set aside.

Orders

  • The conviction in respect of the alternative charge of assault is reviewed and set aside.

02

Material facts

Parties

The State

Applicant

Tshokolo Joseph Nzilane

Respondent

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Review Application / Special Review Under Section 304(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The Acting Senior Magistrate submitted that the accused was incorrectly convicted on both the main and alternative charges, and requested a special review to correct the injustice.
Respondent
No formal argument was presented by the accused; the review was initiated by the magistrate to address the procedural error.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Section 304(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51 of 1977

    An accused cannot be convicted on both a main charge and its alternative; only one conviction is permissible.

  2. 02

    Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998

    Conviction on an alternative charge where the main charge is proven is not in accordance with justice.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the accused was incorrectly convicted on both the main charge under the Domestic Violence Act and the alternative charge of assault. The law requires that a conviction should be entered on either the main charge or the alternative, but not both. The conviction on the alternative charge was therefore not in accordance with justice and had to be set aside. The review was necessary to correct the procedural error and ensure that justice was served.

Obiter and limits

  • The review process under section 304(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act is designed to remedy injustices arising from procedural errors in lower courts.

Court disposition

The conviction on the alternative charge of assault is reviewed and set aside.

  • The conviction in respect of the alternative charge of assault is reviewed and set aside.

Source and reliance status

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

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Judgment text

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Source document

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Judgment

[2017] ZAGPPHC 871

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA

Not reportable

Not of interest to other judges

Revised.

16/10/2017

HIGH COURT REF.NO.

273/2017

MAGISTRATE'S SERIAL NO. 04/2017

REVIEW CASE NO.

A843/2017

In the matter between

THE STATE

and

TSHOKOLO

JOSEPH NZILANE

REVIEW

JUDGMENT

JANSE

VAN NIEUWENHUIZEN J

1. This is a special review in terms of section 304(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51 of 1977.

2. The accused in the court a quo was charged with contravening section 17 of the Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998 ("the main charge") and in the alternative with assault ("the alternative charge").

3. The matter went on trial and the accused was convicted on both the main charge and the alternative charge.

4. The conviction is legally unsustainable in that the accused should have been convicted on either the main charge or on the alternative

charge.

5. Upon realising that the accused was incorrectly convicted, the Acting Senior Magistrate, Vereeniging Magistrates' court directed a request for a special review to this court.

6. In terms of the provisions of section 304(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51 of 1977, this court may, should it find that an injustice occurred in the court a quo, review and set aside the conviction or sentence.

7. Having had regard to the facts supra, I am of the view that the conviction on the alternative charge is not in accordance with justice and propose the following order:

Order

"The conviction in respect of the alternative charge of assault is reviewed and set aside."

______

N.

JANSE VAN NIEUWENHUIZEN J

JUDGE

OF THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Criminal Procedure Act, 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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