19920416 TZHC Tabora3 1

r;:i=::; IIIGII COtL.;.T OF T.J:TZ_:J,T1 -~IEJLL.WJ Jl!?.:[3DICTIOU (T=ibc ,. RogistriJ) (RC) CJ.Il1IlJ...w ."i.I'LliL HOo 70 OF 1991 ORIGDL'I.L C:J.IJ'.m:L.L C.'i.S,.J no., 108 OF 1991 OF T:EEJ DI3TRICT COURT OF SIIIl:Y.J.lTG.'i. D!STRICT .\.T SHilJY.:J:TG.'i. Vorsus TI.D rr:::rtJJ.3LIC o o o o. o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o " o o o o o o o o t, o o o ILJSJ:OlTD:·~1JT I JUDGIIII!NT CI11.:;J.(J.Cg i.~t Co~l!& Oonnpiro.ny to con1:1i t a folony o/ s 384 of tb.0 ::-·onnl node C,2p~ 16<> 2nc.l CO'unt& Stc.'.],linr; l;y Sorv.:::,nt c/s 270 nnc~ 265 of tLo I'ennl Code Gnp. 16., Tho lot of ,1ino accused. 1x::::csons 11nr.1oly, ( 1) :·_;nr.1211uol s/ 0 Di bukc, ( 2) SnlV2tors s/o Ifal-dr.'1 1 (3) · Doo s/o Dotto, (4) hmdo s/o Jilo,l:1~ (5) :iJoncdicto s/ o John, ( 7) Dotto s/ 6 M::i,c;0,n::P, ( 8) Sl1C1Clr.::ick s/ o Mnto.lu, cihar::soc1 os first 9 soconcl, thi:i.1'..l, fourth, fifth, sixth, sovcnthy, oi,~th nn:1 ri.incth nccusecl parsons,, wore nll joi;1tly cind sq_1K,rcly :f,?.cinfs tl:c 1st count;; - '~onspiretcy to COIY!:i:t n fclon3, c/ n 384 of tho I'c:r:.2.l Coclo 1 the 2ncl an:l t;.-:.i:rcl ac cusocl j_)O:i:sons nc:lcli tiono.1ly cnl jointly 1:-;oinc cl:..::i,rgcd with the offon.co · of stc:ilin.c 1Jy sc1--v:::.:1t c/ s 271 of t~:..o ran.al Uodo 1 whle tho 3rc1. 9 4tl1, 5t:1, 6th, 7t!1~ 8th :mc1. 9t;.:.. c.ccv.soc.l poo: so;.1s, too in wlclitj_o;_1 to the first Co"._n t. of cons:::,ir::icy~ f:icin,:; t:·:c 0 c~1ar,3c of Stoetlinc c/s 265 of t]w Iennl Code Cnp.

16. J.t tl1c end of tho DG.rntl1on, I :.1n suro laborious trici,l, nll tho .lccusocl pe:csons ox:co::;it tl~o 8th nccusocl person$w~~o wns c.cqui ttoc:., were con~~ros1,ccti voly, as c~:nre,ucl 1 and. on 1st CUL.mt sontoncod. to two yocrs ir.1prison;:1ori\-, nccusocls No. 1 and 21 sontonce::'.. to nino yc::i,1"'8 inp:ri.sonnont on court No. 2, nncl nccusocls three, four, fivo, six_., soven c.ncl nino, sontoncoc.l to nine ;y-oecrs inprisonnont too on 2nd co1,111t, sontc:;:1cos to rc:l'l conc'LD:rontl;y·., 2 .,...,. ~ Tl.::.o so-coi.1victcd D.CCLlSCd l)C::'SOnS:, ho.vu,-:; not been introc1ucod to foo.s4if .. ', ;l:. istr.i:i,s rb;y 1 :1:;:,c n I,Tiow:1 1 ::md nro noH 2.l)fJC.lipc vido IIi@1 Cou.t't Crini.l".~l -·•:.?IJC2l lTos-0 70, 71, '7'2 1 73, 74, 75 11 76J ancl 77 of 1991 in the oJXlor of ist:i 2nd 1 3rtl 9 4tl:, 5t]1, ( .1 9 7th; and 8tl1 a:_;1xJ1ln11ts ros:pocti voly, only hcnco,..to be so referred. to or so caJ.lod.o Tl10 np::_:>cllcnts in 0110 way or another: m:dously n..v1cl puttin(; ns o:i::-poctocl, clifforine:; on:p;1G.sis in their c.,To,..i.nc.7..s .::lf cooplc:.ints? IJnintnincd tL~,t, ( 1) t~:o offence of ccns:;:iir:::icy of wl1ioh all wo:ro conviotoc\, wo.s not provcc'.:, ( 2) t>.r..t the ovid0::100 of ?o\;, ·j wns unrolinlJlco Sovornlly anc:. in:li vi:lujll;f, t~:c 2nd appol1:JJ1t ( 5tl:. -'i.ccnsecl) ~ naintninocl t::.ot as ho wes in III£_\.i.1 r:3.~ID prooises

at tho Datorial tir.o, he could not ::avo corn::i tt,.:.cl +110 ohn:i?c;cc7.. d''fcnoo,, 'rl:.o 3:rtl appellant (4th nccusccl) c;oncra1ly doniod tcinc po,rty, ns t210 5th np1,oll~nt · ( 9t!:. .:iccusoc.) oxp:rossccl s!1oclc nncl surp:dso 1;~'-t· l10 w::is a1. :;:estocl, when on info1.,nntion ho had cone to a:c:rcst tho thiov-os, a1. ~;t:d.ns 0 0 :r:ation:1lly :::.nJ. lo 0ica::.ly9 l:ow a known thief, a thief c:i-uj.1t rod :.1C1.nclcd, cat1;:;1t flacrnnto J.olicto so to spoo.l:~ co-uJ.d. be :'..e.:-J:trustoJ nit::. stolon :proporty, :;:' ~ U,, 1 clicl c:ctG:illy cor-:::nncl t:io 5t~: ::11:1::,101 ~.mt to cucird tl::.c rice ancl lor:;__--y., T!:.e 6th a:ppollc;.1t - ( 6t!:. C1.c.cusocl) · su7Jni tto:l t!::.::i,t )~is onl3r sin, F.'.1S to bo tJ:.cn conh~c; f'ron 1x:i."crol duty a;_1cl elJeclicnce to To'lo ,, to cn,11 t'.lC 1st appello.nt :fro11 lT<>lYI.C. n.ftcr w'.1ic:: ::c 1-rc,s np1n~chendedo Tl1e 7th n:p:c,ell:111t~ (7th accusccl) doos not w2-nt to coun-0cne,;:-_cc ·'::J o.:i.Joc;,:::,t::<cJ t:.-.'t :~0 ::;m:_' was at: t::.:o scono of cri.1:10 1 u:. 81.tlnc fcrcefull3r, tl::::it ho uas ar:i'.'estecl next ~by and wronesftuly. 0 _ind -t:·. ·- /Jt:1 u:;;i:pcll,.,,nt -· 2:xl nccrnecl - as in t:-ic. cou:rt below ::mcl in t::is cou:rt, is clonyine; :,_)c.1.~ticipation in nny d.eg::.-c.. _;J in tl:o pcrpot:;:-:::.tion of t~1e criocs i'fan;y- :::.s t::.c a;_J;::icll'.>nts a:~·o_:i I

GD nssurinG ,t:1on, t>.nt t:.10_ ovid.onco -i:ou.cllinc; c.:::c:1 of t:-1.0;::: 9 nncl wl:ct~:cr such oviclonco est::i,tlisl:.cd t:.-~o offences cl~argccl, uill ~1croaftor rcoci vo tho nooossnry Ju:licicl nttc;.1tion, .\.. s I vcstnoss of t:.~o. evi·lc11cc;1 t::.c follouinc facts r;o -undis:._,utoclc, Tho S~1i1·1;;-c:2e,c: Lationc:l 2~ilL11-3' Cor}_)orc:,ticn, 1Jl1io~:. nm.10 is ~;oronftc:: to 1Jo alJbrovintoJ E .11 .. c. ·" w1:;.osc :-:,'o-downs nro si t·:.·.a.tcclly near, HIL..J:, SOUD: s oiJ1:.1ilP s yn:i'C:., :~s 111 one :.~Glo:v::n t 2~:c,:i, sL2'l'inc; t~10 fence wi t11 t:1c s::ij_cl r;_:;:~'J:., SOUD ~ Tl::.o n::i,icl oil ,:~ilJ.o .•wtunll;y- lJolonc -to Poi[., 5 }fOIL'.l'.CD 3.'.LlJlI wL•'.) tooi, t::on c:n:;;iloyocl t~:i.o 2n1 n::x:·,clln11t ( 5th accused) 7th, 6t:1 a;_Jpollant ( 7tb nc,msod) :::izd t:::.c Ct:1 :::cct;..r.,;:,.: :~..,.100 acq:t.,ti,tt0d. It coos ui thout c7-is:puto,', t~wt, lorry S(!_~HI-~ T'7,• ~ 775;?~ I-·~ t'..'..O i)-.L~O'.)v·,-,~ty, of ?oWe59 t::cn 1ccinc Cc:i.'J.V011 .,,~, TT,.""!. J. - - a • b,y -,t., iT... 8' -- ,- I 2/ 1c:" 1·r'.~"J on c.'); · £ j,YJ :n tor cc;:;j_n f1.~on Uzoc;oro~ :parkocl t~'.O so.icl vchiclo 0 L1 t:w ,_,_, <-<,~1· ,, --.,,.,,,,.7 ..'"'p t t,,.10 lQ:11 ,.,.,.,., ~i,.~ ·- .,,,..,,.,_) u-,,,~ . . . t1on . .Koy,I mntch, . a t 1. t s usu.:11 p1 nco, , 3 It is ::.olyinc c>Dl lonc;c, t~:at tho oarly Domine; of 26/2/1991,

was crcdi l:lo Tri t:..1oss to t'.1c, ~l:;.soovDi:i~, tl:'.<':i.t tb.o s:::ic1 SC_'J.~L~ TZo 775521 hnd "boon laboi'i.01.,1.sl;;r loG.docl with thirty fivo L':::,'S of :;;ico,, Fv.:.i;:::.0:r wi tncssin::s this lond 1 w2-s P.,U.2 DOGUS rL'..TilT.DJ KISlJ11T0 1 tho c..ssistr:c;.1t lT~I-'toCo i):i:.3-ncll lt::nac;c:;.', I;'. w. 3 'tITLTIJ::lT C1nd. lJy noloss 0 cro::l.i blo wi tncss t:::.nn -\Lo ownor of tho Vohiclo J?oUo5 NOlLJGD S_i.LlJm, opart fron ?o~-Jo1 B.,5625 Cple NJUL~, w~~-rno ovicloncc will bo visi tu.l soon, nt o:p:iorttmo tino.. Thus rolov::mtly :posin~ :_cro 9 is, t:cct it is coot on tho ovidonco!' to 1:12ko a finding of fact, t 1 ·,2t indeed. the Scnnio. TZo 77552, t~10 rie;21tful liJ:O}.)Crty of :r.11.,5, was on t~-.c r.:.o::."'l.1in.:s of 26/2/-1991 found lo:1clccl. wi tl'. thirty f'i vo b::.::,n of rice. !Jo riowo:r, not oven colostiol · power can, ovc:;:-ttJ.r.n t.is fj_:r.:.:-lil1.~ of facto Tr2:asconJ.:::mto.1 of nll, -:,t tlcis sta;-;o in r:iy view, is t~.10 issue/ question, whose :i..~ico wws tlliSu Tho ti1:1oly ~mcl opportunely assistance, fro□ l'o Wo 1 MOILi.l'·J=:;JJ S/,.LUM, is tl.::.at tLo rice tL.ough found in his vol:iclo was not b.is, anc1 l:ielie1,UlJly it was ·not 10.:1:Cod t:.:.o:rnin at t:::.c inst::inco, 2ntl ini tiati vo of tLo 8th accv.sc.1.., :c1or with the knowlo:1,.,-o of P.u,.5, nor of ?.Wo2 2n:l Pa1io3• J3ut t~::.o oviclcnco of r~"iio2,

t;~.'.:l-t t' 1.. :dco 1::.o.+ s:pillod all throuc_;'l.1 tho fonco to tho N.. li.:oCo go-:lown, tl1at it ~::.2,C. 1:;ecn loaded in SI:IT:iG.JCU labelled bngs 9 as su:;_;:c,ortcd by tho Citi.:lci1co of PaWo3 :md. :;:~:!,,4, t!10 s::-,Ll typo of l::1-:;s t:::.on only being used lJy H.n,Co cnn onl;:r loo.~: ono clofini to anl co:rtnin conclw:don} ::mcl t::c:t is, that t::c. 1"ico found lo::K1..o:1 in lori-'Y SC.:JJLl Tz.· 77552, oric;in:::,toc1.. froIJ l'JolioC• go-d.ovms oi~ p:rodscs 9 anc.1.. was tl::.o property of tho vor.y l'J.M.C-, as clid ?e ;To 2, and I'o~\o 3 tcstifyo Ullo took t:.o ri vo frct:1 NoIIoCo and loaJ.od t'..10 se,c:-:o into t~1at lorry, t.:::!:.:::s or :1ss1.,1.1-:i.:, n t1~;::msccndcntal Jincnsion ,:m~l significance at t2.1is stn_c~o. It is ,ri th rospcct to t:'iis question, t:.:c:t Ctll the appoll~nt I s powerful c:::.n-on fi:ro, no, ator.1ic c:::j_)l,)si vo? lms llcc:;_-1 c1..ircctcd cit :Z o ::. 1 :3., 5625 Oj_:,lo NJUJ'L.~. :.'.:ndccd, to nll intents a:1":-.. i,Ul'poscs, I.~r. 1 :S.,5625 Cpl. NJL1YU, is :i ocntrcl :-.m:1 o~~-icf :~ct'.):.' in this closine; c;:..npter, anc~ w\r l1c is tho contra of suc;:1 attack by tho apj)oll:::;_1ts s'..:.oc:J.c:l 1.:,o ur1:lorste,:cicl2;)10, in tLat very lir.}1t ,of ~s sigrlificci:1ce in t:::.is cnsoo For, &- Iclico ofi:icor, or such J.'olatccl officci, such attci.c:rn nrc occuJ2tio11al haz:-.:ixls~ anc1 OJQOOted oven

whon unjustifiabloo Tl::.us it is tho c:vi(Lo:.1co of ro 1Jo 1, t':.Gt ;:..c.s to undergo scrutiny cor.i::1cnsu.ratc with tl:.o attack c1..ircctcJ at it., E:01-i" l:.o cliscovorocl the c:rinincl incidontt boinc; p:i1"1,o- tr:1tocl, ~;.:nc:. ;::y whee is too sic;nificant np. issue, to. bo rolagatod to oblivion, · tb.at woulcl.. ;)o :':'_,ustr::itinc t:::.c convictions, thnt culoinatinc;ly .. it ..,. t:;.. ·!_; I-J.~t it cooo, f:20::: the ~1jJcocs r::outl'. - :;_·., ~T. 1 Cpl. NJUM.-~, s:::.ys t::.usg- 11 1 ~::.::tvo 1mown t~:.c 1st~ 6th, 7t!1 .'.:Ind 9t~: ::iccl~So:ls for long tinoc On 26/2/91 I w:cs at t!"J.o NoMeC .. ,'.1rorr on :;_D-trole • ' llC:CO ri:Jcoi ·r,rj_n,3' t\::, G:--:, ?C • I wont nc:J.r t,ooo 1-f.1·'.o wc1°0 ·0y t~:.c ve,'.}j clcc- T::o;y 11c:r:o tl:o 4th :::C:i.",,.d 5t:1 ;:;ccusocls. T~:osc c:J.rrying the l::c ..;s fl'O!J. NeEoC • .:,c0u.s0ds., ,.:~t>. :,,ccusc;l$ to knou ,r:--.:-:-,t t~:oy u.::.ro lo:J.dinc;o T::.oy s::-:i:'. :cicc, I SYiJ t:.;::i,t t]:c 'iJ-J.,~'S c;:,,;,1t~inod ricoo In t::.c vvl'..icloy tl:cro_ ':-Tero a lot o~-baga, and on the cround these were tuo bass~ T::o 6th :m·::. 7tJ: ::i 0 wettcllnon nt I:iilal 3C'Udo 0 Tl:.c vo:1-iclo U[cs ~ci'l t>:.:.. ~;:i:CJC . ,:;_- Scti/.o T::cy were prcse:i.1t :J.:,out ·10 pacco only f:cc:.~ t'tc voliicloo I intorro,S"o.to::J. tl1co .an:;. t::_.Jy s2id thnt, wl~_.:ct u2s '.":t1J1,-:;ninr; t~.e,~~ la::.;u.

Thoy said t!cc1t }'.; olio Ce 01:qloyccs were :;?L-rctiw; t>cir :cico in t:,is vehicle, nn.:l th.::it, t>.;:;y '.·.ad .::1s1'.:o~ to .::':---op t:.~oir rice t;::.cro till r.1ominr; 9 vf:.cn t'.e,3· would ccc:.; for it. T>0:7 '.:;,:::i,1.. ::tllow.::,i. t 1~•.,;~~,, to store this rice t::oro 11 • I to ..:,l{ t:10 7th DCCUSocl to t!.:o in-cl~J.l'[,O cf t~.'.C ::;oo::ls of FoHoCo T>.o 1st 2::.1:1. 2nc1. ::1ccusods C.'.}.iJC. I oskc.1. t:..c first C',CCL'!.D J~i. wJ:ot:~or ).0 l·.nous t~:c 2nd nn:1 L\t:--. nccusorl. Ho onir: >c !;::nous t:·.c::i, ~:.o s:•:id t: .ex wore; ElU1)1)0S,,,;Cl to be ,Jl1 cluty t::Oj.'lo I cn'..:::cr.l t:1::t 11 Tv.lin:lo r~~o'-:.1' • T .-:cskc:l le.in t::.J nw-.1;:(::;_' of ~;;:i,,~ t: .OJ-- ::cd lc':,.1.o,l.... Ifo cov.Ll net s.:1y11 o p::::-J·;:i:-:.ss j_r_ t: _.:.; c0,sc, s::ou.L'. iJc t_;:c considorettion 9 as to t1::c loesal cff< r;+ c::.::ir:-;Lc t,ro OX' :.:rJ:ro :lCGLls:.;:~ i~Cl"'Sons,with one or noro offences in D sinclo, count .:.:~ .,:1 ii1:'c:.cir.1cnt J .:::c 5-s t: e c::iso J:oroo First .:end forco-i:iost it is tri tv 1 :,i, t.' ..,t, ::i c: . 22:,;.:: ::i:::linot two or Doro' accu.soJ. ycrsons in '.J. si;,1,~;].o er Gc,c:. cnm-i:i, iG j:;ii1t ::.?::: scvc:cnl ::1t t>o S-?,no tir.10, 1:1ca11.ins t>.:tt, .::my accunc:~. Go joiDocl. in :i j,)int tri::1 1 ~.1.'Jy sovoraly be found gu.il t;w of tJc:.o of:i:.::.;nc;.;, if cm t'..;:; cvi.Jc;~cc_,

.·.c was ::::ctin,1·on .'-.is ow;:1 c;n::'.. not in 9 cc:.::co:.~i; ~-,it:. a,1;y ct: .er :::c., ct·,sc.:".. person jointly c:,:1rcoi. nit'..::. I•tir.ll'or bo joi:.,_tly c011vi8t:.:::.., if t:.~: Yffcnc.,:; is C'11JaLlc cf ii Jcii.1,~ co,Jr.1ittocl 1:y On.J o:;.' .::oro ~·:cCC,_SC'. j_;:~n:ic.1::i~ .:m~~ - : - GS t 8.:Jl l;Jf,'.,:;d c • I • the co-accused . 5 Thai is ;::. · cnn ;:13vertholeso 2lo~1c.. 00 .:;01r,"i.ctccl on t~:o s:o.id count severally See D½") Vs., l'~b;~nnt1H ( filV_3.§ Cr • .'.!.£Po 166 at pa.go 796 Loni :Ji_plock saying8- nr conclude 9 thercfo:.c;,:, t:.1at, whot::ior two o:c 001~0 defendants 2:re charged in tl:o same cot.mt of an indictc,Kmt ·ni t:.i any offcnco 1 which mon, canholp each.other to commit 7 it is sufficient to suppo:..st a conviction agciinst any .Poach of them, to prove either~ that ho himsolf did a physical act which . ho holpod o.nother defendant to do such an act, cmd. · t:1c1t in doi1;1g th0 act :i o:..~ helping tl10 other dofondnnt to do it~ ho hims .:,lf hnd tl:o necessary C rimina,l int e:1t" 11 . Thus:, as wo co,i t is clea:;.~ tl-:at a ·co-accu.sod r,;~y bo.9 oi t:1or convicted of t:"l.e charged crj_no 1 if l10 himself corn:ai ts a physical ·riot which in law is all' ossontinl i:;.1cs'l.~odiont of t'..10 offonco, or~ whore ho h2-s l:olpcd. &nether 2ccuo0d to commit s-rn'.1 act,. which is an essential incredient • of tile offonco~

and in doing t:10 2.ct~ -or ronclor:i.ng assist.::moo to the co-accuoocl, ho h0,d thu nccessa::..~r requisite mens rooo It follows in my view, tl::.o.t, the ovidonco c:tdd:1.,1.cccl in a. joint ti"':i.21 must bo so nnnliscJ. 1 sb.0°rir..:::; tl .c ;?ctunl n0,tu:ro of pc1:2ticipation of onch 0 co-nccuso(t, i.o,.,, oi thor th,3 :ph;y-sicnl act which is o..;1 cssontinl. inG:~oclicnt of tho offence charged, or, assistance by hil:il.9 to his co-accused. wit:.1 tho nocossai~ criminal intonty w:1icl1 would possibly . . ·oxpdsc !.1ir.1 · to conviction . clone, and in case: of t:1c latter position, as n joint ofp:mc!.er<!' Com~ng to tl:c cc:so in point encl at :::.c.nd, it docs socw 1 that tho ti"'ial Co1,~'t clwol t ·with the nppollc::nts omnibusly o..ncl so concluded, without donling vli th each nccusods caso.9 as associated: to, and or:,·covorod by tho ovidonce &clc7.:1.,.:ccd.e I vontuJ:c to say with ~:oc::iicx:ct; t~ic.t tllO s~-:ic1.. trl::-.1 Co_u:..~~ lo_st its JuiJ.ioial rudder ancl su:ffo:cod s11ipwrock on the i~ooks or::· :ci'::i'-:i..-..;~'.66~ iiio, ·ove~o:i.f;ltt..r hence his fc-ilu:r-c to consider each nccv.s::,d persons oasol' on its mci"'i ts., With rcs:;;,oot 1 I. ho..d hopoc1, I would. bo so.vod froIJ tt.e onerous burden of cloo-lin,:; 1-11.th tl:is ospoct 1 hut o,la.s I have to. StC1·1"'tinc; from tb'"' ,. with the 9th o.ocusocl I':::rnon, - t:10 5th appellant

SHAD.11CK s/o l'fJ.TJ.LU_, tho oxoor_pt 2-l)ovo f::r::om I'.o Wn 1 HJUH.::.. 9 r.mlrns no mention of him, not oven rcootol;y1 I dare sny. It W.'.lS in cross-0:;cJ.'.•.1inntion, by tho vor.f 5th a:ppollmit, t~:at 11 ,_w__ bl..££'.?_'_t_~_,_c_o-n_o_·... ~'_.,o_:.._,_l_o_-f_tt_ll_c_b_n..e;...· _o_fr 1.·_o_o_..,•...•-•-•-•--t.......o.....,gua...•...rd • 11 ___ T!10 5tJ.: appoll::.nt is a1" ex-policoc1,::m, who clc.ioecl in his d.ofcnco, th:1t ho wont t~1c:rc to a.rrost t::-:o tLie~o, 2s ho ).:a.cl info:cr::1nt:: e:;.1 about t}~c theft, then tnldn 0 place., .::..nd tll,:it ?o :"io 1,did trust and co;,1;;1c-T,::L l1im to guard tho said J."ico:., 1-1)1.ich ho 5tl1 :.ppo:::..:::nt dutifully clid, is Let in dis].)uto. . \ 6 ConfoGsoclly, t1.10 evidence against tho 5th appellant ( 9th accused), about his porportration of, 01· his a.ssistanco in tho perpetration of tho chargoa. offonce,whero nnc1 how, is just not on rocorcl, which we havo to go - by, anc1. it would be unj•:e.t and nbsoolutoly preposterous to suggest, t:1.a.t gua:ro.ing tho rice, wl1ich he clid as a ci tizon, dutiful to help r.w.1, OJ) to be in nocontly a.bout, anounted. to such chargoc1 offence. In my viow, not oven tho proverbial saying, that if you. w2.nt your p:ropo:t"ty safo ont1.-,,1.st it to t}10 thief, docs not apply hero, as tho appellant was not a proven thiof, in tho fi:rst place. Ho was wronGlY

convicted, his appeal is allowed, convictions. '-'luashoc1, and sontoncoS sot aside• Next, ai'O sixth ond seventh accused persons - 7th and 6th appellants Benedict s/ cf..J;;?:,~ 1ffi~nga, rospocti voly. ~-~cco:ro.ing to P. w.1, those woro watch.1ue11 at Sou::1.' s place, and that they wore at the oc..torial time a.bout ton pccos from, tho then 'boing loadod lorry TZ. 77552, on tho night of 25/2/1991. But according to the evidence ofr.u.5MO.UI.'U1ill:D s.·•.LtJM, it is 1IBIG.:\. s/o 11/L:\.CIIIY.1 ... tho 5th accusoc1 - 2nd appellant, and DOTTO H..W.J:TCL\. 7th acc1..1Sod - ancl 6th appcllo.nt who uoro ~1is watchnon at tho natorial tiTI10, while EJffDDIGT s/o JOHN tho 7th appellant/ 6th accused is indicated as TBJ3 watchrann. It would. follow f:ror:1 erodible r. W" 5, thoroforo~ that it was the 2nd and 6th apl)cllants, that P, n.1 sa.w about ten pacos, fror.i the lorr,- TZ~ 77552. Ilowl'.Y.1 could nistalro tho 7th appollant,(6th accusod),,-ihich . . mi~t havo l)oon,possiblOjiS to be dolt with horonftor, at opportunr tirJ.c. _\.cco:.."tling to r.w.1 1 tho 211d ii.ppollcnt nnd 6th appellant, upon being asked as to what was happening-, they clearly and apparently innocently told hin, that the N,u.,c. onl)loyecs, wore storini:~ thci:r rice li.nto the volu.olo, for oollootio11 in the rao1"ning• · .'i.nd that they had allowocl thom~ but hero, .. we arc vd,ti:.1out t!:o toms of tho lT

.11'.ioCo application for tl1at1 nor of tho appollant 1 s po1":i1ission, to tllon. There is no cvidonco s~:o~n.ng, thnt tb.cso ap].)ollants wcro load.in.:; tico, or otl:o:;..,wiso, cri.minci,lly encouraging tho SODc, a11:.1 yet the oxplonation has not been diso01,,ntod at allo In r:cy view, tho circu--:istanccs in rcs:;_:)oCt of tl:o 2nd ond 6th c,:;_:)l)Ollnnts doro£,uto, f:con crininal lii:11Jility in tho filattor, - first, if the above roc1uost wa.s r:i.c,c.lo by the w,M.c. cr:1ploycos, tho grunting of such request l)y t:10 a11pollants, hns no Criuino.l taint1 or oon..11otation, for tho lon--y i;.1to which ·tho loadi:n0 wns noo.o, was ir:mobilo, nnd just there in the absence of tho ch--:L vort who hncl no i6').i tion koy o,ny wcy, tl10 switch well kopt nwn.y1 ancl tl~c clri var no whore ncsr. Tho fonr tl:.at tho rice covJ.c1.. otl1orwisc illcc,;ally clisappear, could not oasily emerge in their r.rl.ncls, and t:1.0roforo · t:.10 c:rirainal intent, is not oven nanifost. l .... 7 Socrnncl~ :i.t 1'.rotu.j ::i,ppca.r1- thpt t . .:..o dppull:r,t:; w:..:cc ton ]_)nccz o.woy, i;:1 ',vc ~ ·;· 1;7 in t:-,; :li:i;'ct, ;<on of loac~in1; tho lorr;r• It Day now be asked w·:10t>.or, inncti v .ty ct. the ·sc~'.:10 of crinosj is su.ffic"iont for Cr:lPin:--1 li::,U:u.tyo :::n rJ.y ,.rfow 9 ·i:'.Q issLo doos i1ot Gttr:i.ct o positive ans_wo:;:•, fo:r t:.::.o L,w cl.)0s not (lcmction m9ro pros

ens ch or oven i::or.::; a.nu inte,n·cion, ui thout +ho concm~ronce of intontion,:-.[;actiqn but .o~~ort acts 1 ns c;.":l.cin21isoc: 9 '.111-:1. r.10.;.u.fostocl,, so,.1otinos followinc SLlCl1 ..r<::l0vant intention or .. tl~G :::1i:·.n.,_squo~ .\.s it wcG ~1olc1 in t}10 08,SO of B-~vs~--1~~J:SS0,~T_ U271} I1!!~~Il• _149g2,. pro::.:cnco or ancl intontion 1 is not enough, tho accLlSGcl rmst' oitl:0r ~c!~S}~!!P~~:•;0~o~_l1i~ ...P.1::'.£.~,i.9iJ2ntio!1_, or there gust bo£!1 in_t_QD1:l:.?.!L~2....2.1-:~C2.£~'C[~~ or1j _t;:9.E.C: JIL'.8t 21~.£..;..~.,. onoUJ:[\;0~2£!:l t iri fo.s!J. , :ln~t::.o_2~~-~-C?~ of ~ •2.rll.:E:!. On t::c ovide:160 in· this co.so; tl:.oro is not1:inG to su;'(S'OSt t':~J-t., oi t:10r 11p11cl10,11ts :wt11:i.lly on thoir own pnrticipatoc1, nor cri:Jin'.J.:U~r :ronclorocl nss-; stnnco of o.ny lcir:-cl tot or nic.lod c,nd o.bott0d1 in tJ-:o coa::rlssion of tl:o cI1nrJ0Ll orJ.r:10s0 Their conviction w::-,s t.'·icroforo nisconcoi vod, wi t!-.o·ut :ronsonably nci:.optublo .:nr:i.·l0r..oo, .::m.,l their nppo:::i:l.:3 . ' ;.~,.-,-:/; 1:.:) c':1.lowod,, ::mcl their . convic'tions .,,·~'-~· n-~c "C'"~·cr10"'S qu,.,h:.,,.i._,1 1 - u 1 '"'O't- ""'J..C 0 -~ ..:, ;.:·..'.J. - ,::> '.1..L_U t..l.·V 0 ~- :, - tl 01' r frooson ..a..;:s· to 1)0 _..,,..L,'StOI'.'OCl 0 ,,J. ""' untO' t:J.Cf.1e ,. 0 t11.o 7t~1 111)poil::.1?-t/ 6th o,ccusod person, nppc:1rct on tho

st_o.gc now.: I ho.vo ·cbovD c"l.o:mnstrntod_. l::.o~;r ?., T, 1 thought -tho 7th np:_:iollint wns 11,.11:::ttob.r:10.n/ ho s~-w .. · t;'.'.:i ;J :--.;>:.1 _:;_:.-r1,, nas T.HoBo wo.tchn:m, S\J.1)1_,0~:cc.l t.) 1)0 :at :.1is p;_'."CO o:f work, .£nr o.u.'.ly f:ron t:1c scone of crirJOi It w01:;-" '. 'X, in.,CJ'.'igc~:nc inc1.c~.d.g if n.t tl10 rn:itoriul tir.10, 1.:..0 wo..s nt t)10 s:oonc To avoid~ boe.:Jnr; tho q·::: Jtion~ :i.t is not uort:.1 uhilo ~ o,f:td . 01"' not L 110 was, ,I ,,_11a·,;0 1:ioon swept like othorso In cross-examination, the VDl"IJ :r._w,, 1 replied, --~-•-,-•--------,--·-···-·~ ~'You ar0 wctob.rnni __ ,rith.,___ tho T~rr~Bo. Y~ g o s t·od in · · t'.:3...El<?~E.E:~,. · · •.It ~ · E.£\.E.9.£~~~2st_.:?~-~~.:-3a.." Inclocd_, l'o Wo 1 novor a:rrcstocl .tt o .:._ppollant 9 encl ., Wl. i:;1'.1 . noboC.y liJ.10'\'JS U~lO m.Tcstod illLl,1 .::o.nd how l:c was joihod l· · ot::.e:i:s~ cmd wcy, is diffic·u.:tt to n11;:;~c ._J:~,~ It is clear i11, my hµn1bl0 opinio11, this ovid.01100 far ',c,u J• ..,.:J.J.ng t',.1n t t'..us · appo11::mt_~ wn.s· in tho fi1·st )1 nco at 1 ·• c- ··-s'·o•-.-1· o.c- cs--'--"' 1-- ...,, · fa·•··' - ~ -- .1.1.1 1. 1 ·\;Jio sr:.cno er cr:i.m'.. soc~mdl;r t!.12the!I oi tbcr diroctly particj]_)lltod 11 or rendo:rod. assist2nco 1 in ts, _:_·01:pc:t.,.,ati. or. . of c:.'imo~ Thcrcfoi~c tl-:.a:..~o was no ovidcnce to ;rn:,:YJ01"1i

comiict:;_on 9 and t:'.:.o a:;;,poal must be nllowcJ., 00111,,'icH,:.~- ,:uas:::.cd., and scntc"1ce;s sot ::.side◊ ThG 8 1st, 2nd, 3:td, 4th accused porsonr:: -· 1st, 8th, L!.th and 3:ttl 'i::rppolla- • nts rcspocti voly aro persons, that a.re so donor::inationalizo_d by -sJ-:.o ov:Ldoncc, i- ' that tl1oy n:i.~o obvious, they slc.ou.ld · ; dcl t with, tocot;:ier hc:roundero Accord.in{; to t'..:o evidence of ?a Uo 1 ..~o sc.w tho 1st and 2nd accused - 1st nnd 8th appellants carrying tho bn.gs of rice from 1T ?MoC• unto tho lorry, whoi•o tho said rice, was boins loaded by tho 3rd and 4"ih accUF,ods/ 4th and 3rd n:;_)poll::i,nts. It was nt t:10 dead of nigl:.t, about J,3) a"m"' 9 r,w.1 sur-.Qrisod t~'.'.c:-.1, - ouch against t~:oir expectations ,_ t!:cy wore so -to speak caught rod-)'.andod, intorrocc.torJ. them, and finally o.rrostcd tLom, nnd took thorn to tI:-:.o I'olico Station with t:.:eir loot.. In tho circiu::sta.ncos~ in so far as these a1)pollants arc concornocl 9 floating llu.Idlos, like difficulty of identification, nig).1t conditions, otc, would. hit and 1Ju.m:p into, and off tho imr;rutablo wnll of 9vilcnco, as oonsicloring how close to tho sc·:mo and a:p:pollnnts, T.~·fo1 was, ·his. survi"'iso to· thco and di:roct intorvontion1 loadinG to intcr:rocr:rtions, which roportoclly yielded tho conti"'itc and. penitent roq__uost, 11 tvJ.indo nzoo" frofil, t,;.10 ·,o,

c:,lJi,.i.12:nt, tl:oi:r nrrost 3nd oscoi."t to the ?olico Station, nista:ccn identification can safely be ruled out, and humbly o,.,,_t oonficl.ontly it is. Tlw.t those appellants in conco•:t and joint ontorprisc 1 did take thirty fi vc bags of rico and lot:-::1.- thom into Sca:nia TZ., 77552 lo:i::i.--y, which was oL:t o.:.' ·';'._:..:1 l:,i;J\, :,-1•:.'-1.:, 2.t t~10 doad and with cover of night, without the cor..sent enc:.. knowledge of the N .MC. os. tnblishnont, is as :,loo.r, ::ts dnyligh1,, Conin(; to tho charcros 1 the n.pr - lorts together nre on first count . ;C'o.cin;:; t.':_.J cL:::.rgo of conspirc.-cy to vv.:i..1it 1 an office (felony) c/s 384 of tho J?e:m:,l Cocl.o Capo 16 of tl10 Ltrwso I oust concodo and confess~ that tho proof of conspiracy is nn area., that is either slipporly, and :.:? an 8.n i::ir>ea 1t_he proscct:Uon forgets arcia tho i,rosooution shudder to be in, or L'iJ:::;:;'l in t,.1.e p1'ocoss of :0:::co0f'o And wl:d.lc no int0foa1"0ncc wi tl.+ t'.10 p:eosocution is intcnclod, I hnvo a fooling tkit, uhoro the cour.1ission of an offonco, is u1 tinatoly consur.:iatccl, it is u.imocossa:ry to olso cl:Dr.SO, conspiracy to conni t tL::i so.id offonco, conspi:i:ccy bo:;.i:1g aft or all inchoate and prolir;.1ino.ry, to tl'::.o cor:1910 jo offonco, ·t..u:llcss t~lcro aro co-0ri:::tir,,; c::.:rcumstanccs J.ic,~atints such course of 2ctio11c In t'.,is case,

thoro · is no rxmtion of conspiracy in t~o whole length o~ ovidonoc~ and un:forlvn,1-l;oly} not oven the trial raagistratc did rofo:r to t:::o snr:ic, nor iclontify tllo o-:'idonco pertaining to t~10 sape 1 . . althoug;.1 at t'.10 ond of tl10 d.ny, ho convictocl tho appoll2nts on tl1b said count~ -~11 t:10 ~:,.;io on oy pc:-i."t1 I shall not ;:(.:.yD.wr:.:y, it fells to be snic'J that for tl'.o purposes of proof of ::;o:,.1,,;1n l-.1cy the ovicl.onco. nUJ?,t show, ( 1) an .s.e,~001:1cnt for an o.llo(;cd. ,,_;.::~ ..1; :,..c L _p-:x, )08(.:C, ... 2 .:... t\.;:; n.0cusod 1 s partici:Qction in it. Thus, it is opon to tho prosecution, to Gi-;":; ovidc;1co of tho acts of tho incli vidu:.l accused persons, w_i th a view to provinc; tL0 ,5cnoral oonspiri:lcy, . _;~~ sluw t::at tL.c nets of each accusocl .• ' :pprson, .-were clone in pursuance of n cor:mon design• As wa? poin.tod o~t, in ·'• C' ·.. . , . , ... .~ . n , 11 • ·aore:~tJ.IB K.'.lWI K:\.TIL\. xm ..;.i'WTHER, ( 1949L 16 R~c~~ 116. 11.\.s ( counsel) p:.rtinontly obso::>·vcd 1 conspirators do not noraoily ncot to::;ut~1er ::md cxocuto, o.,: ..,od sottints ent clotoils of their con::ion unlawful~ purpose. It is com.1on pl::::o,j to· saJ' t;1cit· an n.3-rco:1cnt to conspire ;_,ny bo deducted fro□ any nets, w:1ich rnisv t::o prosw:1ption of. n coor.10n desicri•" Indeed, it ncvor is cocr:on, fox ·conspirators to cxocuto clcods of

their oriqinol agl'oe;-1cnt, nor iq it often, .if o.t all, that suoll conspirotors have self inplicc:tineslY volunteered t~w details of their. conspirci,cy disseninatinsly, - it woulcl bo suicidol. Corr.1on senco, woulci' in the ci};'ou:-.1stoncos advise, that such crininal conspiracy, nay bo inforrod ·:eraci the_ conclucts of tho accusecls, . ,. . ~ . . ... , .. ... .,,. ... ··- . ~ ~ which qoncluct would, r.?.iso ~>c j;)resUDp_tio~ of n. coJ.1r,on. dosi,:;n... C~rtj,s_s to ..., ....-... - . " " . .:•. . _,,. ....~.... ,-· ,., --· "" .. . ' ... :/ '.. ~- , '"'" " - .. ,. ' ' . ,this onso, . that tho four _D,J?P.ollonts" shouJ..d .no.oid.en~al_l7,. but_ ~o-inci~!;.ontally, . . ' t' :. : ... .., .--,~·t --········ be loadh~es t::.c Scli:1C TZ 77552; ct'·t!:c" snno' tfr.10, sc:.1e, c1::J,y,, sano place, scr.10 rioo, . fL"Ow sc::o place, ocin only hUppQn-in' dron~1 land, f:ir boyond tho laws of . - . .. .. no.turc, c..n(1.. logic. It is s:i.fe to oonoludo. in tho oi~cunstunocs, tl".o.t tho . appollonts c1icl ~osiisn, a.grco, 1:m.c.l docidod. t.ogot_hor to _participate ·in,. :::n::l did pnrtici?ate, at an hour,· plnco, day, pronoclitntcC.ly Cl-Grcod upono . Tl:.at . on iihis ovi:lonce, they dicl conspire to cor.c1:1i t offonco c:~nrg0d tl:orof'oro, is c:cy·stc:!1' cloor, and tl:o conviction on tlJ.o first co1,1.11t, was vory dosoi--vod, and _in0Vi ta1)lo. Cocine to counts ( 2) il.1

respect of tho 1st and 8th nppollnnts,. and cou:nt No. (3) in :c•os:poot of 3ri ni1c1. 4th nppollnnts, it is cloa.r and beyond doul)t, and pa1'-ndvo;,1tuxo, as already above dononstratod th~t, in t~1oir rospoctivu oraploy;:icnt ca1.x1oi tios, tho nppollants did steal tho :DI.Mo C• rice - ;ii'.:: j;,;t.:·~:,r fi vo b2c,'S, t!:ough tho foroor wore· servants; and ·not poi"Sons e,.1ployecl in pu1Jlic sorvi.ce. Their conVictions were as dosorvod; as t:tcy woi,a obviously a i.w.st. I' would l:.owover in rospoct of t1:.c fomer appellonts, set nsido the convictions under soc;tion 270 of tho renal Coclo, but con.Vi~t than unclor sc·ction 271 of \; 4 tho I'onnl- Cock Cop. 16• Their [1:ppoals . against conviotfons nro cl~s[1issod, ,, dcisorwc'.lly 2,ni t!1c convictions- u-pholtl~ --- t - Tho appoll:mt 1st, 3~; _4th .?::~· _8~!1 ,app~ilnnts · sontenco of nine yc::irs inprisonr.1ont, wa,s oxcossi vo, in tho ·ci:rounst2ncos. Incloocl .!:!s oorlior s.::iid., on· counts No. (4) ::i.nd (3), t].:.c nppollants, wore sontcncod to riino j7CO.m i□].):ri.son::1ent. .\.cco:ixhng to tho tri.'.11 Mo.c,istrnto' s proanble to tho scntc,nco, such sontonce, wns ir.1posod to protect tl-.o Co!'l_:)orn.tion, which .1.,,..,ch · No:t-1.Co is, ~rd to L~,.,.,_ . t;1c nJ.:r;;ioll-'.:mts, thnt 11 Cri;:ic do-ys ;,1ot pny"• I cnrnostly• wish ti:o ti"io,l Mngistrnto well~ in ::.in cru;:;:,c.o, to to:::c~h cmd

ow.ngolisc, thc,t crino cloos not pay, if t~:cre is such thing, if t'.::c so;yi.:.1g, t:·.nt every rich.1-:i::i.n 10 - h::.s o: cri::.10 lJol~ind l:..ir.1 7 is onpty, non.nin0loss :ind wi t:.:.out llatont .._.jsdom. But I wovlc1- ndviso, t: .nt in tho crusado dri vo, )-:.c s!10ulJ so do, within tho confinos of t::c law, l:c is ndr :: istorinG, nncl not c::i.-rclossly fly off --t::mc;cnt, t:-.c l::1wo In tl:is cnso, ... ndcoi No~:IoCo, is n 11 sp0cificd nut~1ori t;i', un1or tho Minir.1un Sontoncos _'i.ct 1972, cmcl for t~'.O pu.r-;,osos of application of the s::11:10, 1-t:icb. tho trial Mag.istr.::to di::1. not, t}io ' Mini□urJ Sontcncos _\.ct 1972, is applicnblo, ::m:::L t'..:.o aIJroll::mts nro 1i.:1blo to be :Dt'mis~·-od t;:oroundor, in so far as counts (2) nr:d. (3) ::i.ro concomoc1. Since tb.o nnount involved is Shs. 297,506/=, t>. o tricl Hn[P..strnto, coulclj dri von by l:.is c.rw3:i.do s:piri t 1 ri9-1tly swing to t::\o nnrlnm iDprisonmcnt sentence, loc;nlly nllowod - Soo Section '170 of tl:o Crir:iin-.:21 Irococluro Act ~ 19840 Th'--~t w:.1oro n Court Convicts a parson for n sc'.:.cdulod Offonco 2 it . an.:z: if sy. cl::. sontcnco is autliorizod by law 2 pass a sonton..co of ir.1prisonr:1on! for such c t<?l-"'1!1 not c.:x:coodinr; oi,#1t yonrso 11 It follows tl:cit, in imposing a sontcncc of nine years i1:1prisoru1ont, on 2nd snd 3rcl 00"1.:mts, · ho was

gate crasl::.inc,; - }:io :.::.~d no lioonoo so foi~-<t~ct~ 8no inv:L tation earl to go boyoncl t~10 area. c1.on::,,,:rca.tod by tho law -fio, such sontonco wns illo,;c.lo In t:'.::.o- circunstnncr:;s, s-uch illegal sontoncd is• sot aside, anc1 inposcd instond 1 is n scntonco of oight yc::irs inpr.isonracnt, on o.::i,c;::. counts ~ 2) c,nd p_), :o ru"1 conctD~:rontly with tho sont.:;;1~c on cou::1t :, o, 1 o Tllo apj_Joals by tt.o. _1st, 8th, 4tl:. c:.ncl 3ro. nppoll©.nts · nro c1ismissod, lmt for t'.~.o c:.~:i.13'0 in sonton~c, The nppoo..ls l)y ti:c. 2nc1, 5t:1, 6tl:, 7tl~ the a:ppollnnts :l!TI.IJ:G.:\.- s/q Ivi..iCill:YA, . .3ILI.DR.:WK MAT-lLU; .DOT'l'O 1,UG-'>NG..'l._, E.~-~_J)ICTOR JORN' arc n-llowod 1 ·convictions qun- s::.ocl1 ::.~~o.:-:. sontoncos sot as~clo,, Such np:pcllol'its to bo roloasod forthwith, unless -t:::.oy Clio ot'..'.orwiso legally l10ldo Dolivcrocl this 16th dny' .i.pr:il, 19920 Eo TT. K..l.TITI, JUDGE: