19881223 TZHC Dar es Salaam2

IN Tlill HIGH COURT OD TiiHZii.NIJ... .i,.T Dli.H ES S.1.LilJ\l i~:i?ELT.J.TE JUIUSCTIOO HIGH COUR!r.1 C~{[NINJJ, AP?lliu, NOQ 33 i)f 1988 (Fr-Jo Originul Criuino.l Cnsc H,)e 152 of 1986 of th9 DISTlUCT COU1i'.T OD MOROGOHO DISTHICT l~T MOUOGOOO •••';) THE UNITIID l1EJ?UBLI O versus: Jjt,J:>EI: YOJJ<U ( ~ ) JUDGMENT .b..C, 141~ - Pl1M (Ext. Jurisdicti-.:m) The ni;,r;ellnnt, .i.n..'ldci Yocld..D was chnr0 ed with nnu c:mvictocl of the o!Monce of robbery with Violvncc '!Jy tho Dj_strict Court of M:)X'Oi.~or-:> as n rosul t ()f which he wa.s scntonccC. to seven (7) y(;c;rs io:...,ris.m1:.i-::nt. fl~ "lS diseo.tisficJ. With the C;.;nViction and a.piJenlcd to this c.;urt. · Tho • op1,cllnnt clid_not vdsh t-.J be :i.->re:scnt nt thu hoarin~ vef his o.i?~col• In hi~ cic.-10rnni.1.uu of [Yl:)~,c~l, the n~_;-..,cllcnt sot . mt six i,,)ints which he: consi-lori;L1 t.J be his r.1nin t;;r-Jw.1<.1.s ,)f nh:;col, :Por cr-.s0. of ·rofcrcncc. in this ju~cc,:icnt, I Ci_;~;ond then horoun-.k?r:- { 1) Tha.t, he <liu. not :;,lor.-.u cuilty. t:) thu oifeucc of robbery wi 1ih Violc11cc _a.a ho sto,)d chc~ri:~cu. nt tho· District Court. (2') Thnt, the i)'t";,sceuti. ~r · £o.::LlQil to i:,r,)ducc ony cxhi bit in c-ourt· to }?rove th...'1.t he w. s the one who r.Jbbed Fil f on the cort.inz of th0 c.1.leccJ .)ffcnce. (3) Thnt thcru wns no ne.tli.cnl r0;_.:-,)rt/ eVi,lcncc to SUj_)ljort PW .1 • s clniu tho.t he suffer0J. injUri0s o.r~iund his nook ~,s n result of the _O.i!lJCllant' s cra.bbinc Ol_ld a. hnlki~ of the coopluin....'"mt' s neck 1 (4) Tha.t the i .1..entificntion . of the n:., ..jollo.nt by the corJ:..,le.immt wne iopr,Jper c.nJ thorefo:rra inoJoissn~:lo n.s cv:i.dcnce o.cm.nst hiu. :)ccnusc tho O.:J~.cllo.nt wns a.rri;sted thr0e weeks c.ftcr 'the a.llcgeJ.. offence. (5) Thr:.t, "it wr-.s n,)t true thc.t whill! under the l)vlicc hru:,i.Js, tho D.l)l;~· llo.nt rc.n cwc.y 2.11:l W['.S lntcr ri:::-arrestcJ. in a. certc.in house f ,)r, had he d,:mc tho.t he · should have bc:en l)rosocuteJ f ..)r cscc.pil1t, fro□ . . lc.wful custody, a..nd also thnt s0::.ic0ne fr0,:1 thnt hnusc in which the O~i)Cllnnt ent~ruL1 to hic.o w0uld. ha.ve C-JLlo to testify. (6) Tb,.\t it is not true thc.t the npi-'ellc.nt rcocinoJ qUi te whon c.~kcJ by tho trinl Mncistrntc: to .~i vc his defence. - 2 · :Before I ,kia.l with the i:T,Jum1s of nJl,\~;~thc er.so nee.inst the o.p._.icllnnt a.t tho trioJ.. vms t J thG off1.ct.Lthu c Jt.1..-,lt,inr..-n~ \fo.ziri Or.inti (Pv7 1) wns nss.:-.ultoJ by W.s n~so.ilC'.nts wh,J r J:j';0~1 hir:1 of his .1.moy ::mJ ltt__·;t_;n;:e·. PW.1 t)L. thv 1.Jwcr C.Jui.'t lnw ho i...:.cntifh:l the n:;;~ollrmt I. c,.m. Wh> wns with o.n,Jthor t:inn when tho tw0 c.;nfr.Jnt-:J t,1-: 0.:1,.,011[1.nt c.t ~-?int whnn thu. C,Jt:1...,.lc.inrmt wcs o.b.)ut t0 er .>Ss n river .;n his wny to I\'ior.)(; .1»0 □nrket, PW .1 rc~,-)rkl1 tho DC'.ttcr t0 the i_:,,:,licc s 10n _nftvr his a.ssnilc.nts hnd rnn nwny with PV(.1 1 s :,_.,r ):Jvrty. l~ftur nb?lit tw~, wuoks th0 C·.J!:11,)lninc.nt snw th._ n~:....,cllnnt.- He ti~:10d l?W. 2, 1/Dlicc Cdnstnblc Wc.nc;un who o.rrcstod thu o.~>:;1.~llnnt nnl chr..rJo..l bin With th1.: :)ffunce of r::ibllcrty With violence~--- . The Len.med Ste.to .i~ tt >n10y, Mri Mknuc.n:_,;3 f.Jr the R..il)Ublic su~J:;Jrtuu the c:mVicti-m strt•tin~~ th:~.~ if tho Cii,.'i.,vll:mt \'ms inn,)cont he shoult~ n.)t hnvc ntten:vtou · t.·) run. £1Wr:.y Wh0n thu. j_.),)1ic0 wnntcJ tJ O.h;roh:-:.m: bin nftci, h.'1.ViDe boon ti1ji,ito~1 by P\i.1. Ho fufthcr stnt1:J th~:t the ni.;;i~ll.'.'l.l-it J:cu..:inst.rnt.ou. bis ~ t i;)Jns«i--~.i:ia ... . W.Ull. ,ho .:>~t... 1 1;.., X'..J,.l{'..j,n quiot UOS,1,~it~... foct th:'.t th>J . c-.urt 1m>;,,orly n<ldruss.::J. thu ni,Ji.--Cll:.;.nt un.loi- .Soa-t:.:L.m 23-1- (1). of <J~J?.A~ nb,)Ut the np:i,.;ollcnt 1 s rii_.ht of Llet'ence, ~hc.1.t .ns the ni).._.;ullc.nt I chose to. r<mo.in quiet, section 231 (3) of C,P.A. Gi,vc:0 tho Court i/OW<.:r t.J clt'ow nr1 rnlvoreo ;.. infcruncc ngoinst thu ~ccus~J.. ~.s. tJ thu s0ntonco, h0 uvor, Mr. Mlt::-.11nn~Cl. : subr.ri.ttc,l th::-.t bo .a.)Miclcrs thu_ i:.1~)ris,m ..h.,nt of 5 yuf'XS tJ bo rttther ~aai.11'~- r ·.: . .. ' '. • 4 :r "ni)W. c . .me t.) th..: crJun~-:s ()f O.j)..,.-u..-u. Th...l. first. (~roun..l -~.. , iS, !l:t.'%'Ol~Yont ~cnuoo the' ju1;3er.'lont of tbo -1~ c ~ J.i.J. 1101; inJic:'.tc ruiywh'-lro th::-.t th1,; O.piJCll:::nt eve~ 1;>luMud ~)li.lty t,) the chc.rJe•. Hr-,d tho b.i.-J~~ullc.nt pleo.J.od L;uil ty the tria.l C,Jurt Wdulci not h~'.VC bothurl.)J t.J 1.--ut the co..sc to full trinl •. Gr,)unC. nuuber 1 is thoroforo struck off. Ground. No. 2 ruiJ 4 2.r0 cons<1liuc.tod a.a "1l<.\Y rniso f'. siuil,.r issue c ;nccnrl.nt; ilontificctLm of the O.l)i,it:llt'llt by tqe C,)r.i::•lmn,--.11t, The issue now is whvth0r th0 Cj,.11.:'ldn .n-i; w2s, un~',.or the circuustnnces of his beinc; o.ssnul tod l:y his nssnil::mts, nblc t0 1.::.cnti:fy tho r . )bbors. ·Frau !'ii 1 1 s oViclcnce, the·- nllc 1~cu. r,)bbcry took l,)lrico nt .7.30 a..n. This w:~s nt the e~rly uorni~ h)urs when .r1miy· pcu~JlO of J.if:fcront i)nth- ·. frou opposi to directi-m to o.ttcnd their O:cti vi tics wh.:ithor in the I'l'Ior,)[;cro . uo.rket, town _shops, public offices, fr.rns et cctero. One w..)uld lmvo therc- fo»e CXj_)Cctcd, in r.1y View, thn.t when the c.ml)lninn.nt wc;s o.ttncl::ed. s::it:10 pcoplc,at l;.:c.st cvt:n .:me, w mlcl hnvc wi tncsscd thu stru.Jclu, or c.t least W()\llu. hnvc act the coo.:i,.,lninunt lc.r.K:tninc n'.J,Jut his :J~ .attc.ckvd. encl lus · :._.;rJp~rty st,JlCLle Further r..wa,e thc..n tm.a there wns no eVi,loncc nt the trial court thrit nftcr the rubbers l1n.ll diSCildnce<l fr0p the b::i,.1y. ,)f Rl ·1 CU(\ stcrteu to tnke on their heels, the COilplo.inctnt ra.iS<;;<l ony c.lc.r.:i. to inci to tho ucobers of the _public t.J cho.sc cn<l Ul)iirch1.mJ the nlle,;u_C. thieves. · _Tho c,)il, lninnnt clnitJeJ nt the trinl thf'.t ni.Jo.rt 1·r._;u llcirlt.; cre1JbeJ o.r scizeJ. by hiij neck, he wns injured. ,)n ;)110 of his l00 s. Thc:re is no cviJonco cs riuhtly cl['.iucJ by the a~;~Jel~o.nt, thf'.t thc- cou1,lc-.in2nt suffcrcJ. such injuries. With rQSl)Cct, ••.•/3. J - · ?W 1 oi 0 ht hnve suffcr,>2 injuricn no the rcsul t of tho nllu:_:;ocl nttnck, but there wr.s no rcci.l JBViJcncc c.t thu trio.l to su.1.,JOiVt such nsturtion. acnin, the pr.Jsecuti-Jn c Jnv:i.nceJ. the trinl C-)1.U'.t tht~t P\7.-1 :Jru;_).Jrly L~cntified thu O.j_jj_)elln.nt end tho.t was why tho c.~,~.cll:.nt stci.rt'-'d tJ run c.w-:.y whun Fii.2 W.:\s ti:e~,ccl by :PW 1_ th::-.t tho n~,~,ullC'.nt wn::, .:me of the tv•rJ r J , ~er::, wh; he.~: nss2.ul tod 8.n~: rb bbc<l PW 1 :)±; ~s 1;rJ~-'crty. But in rosJ0ctful opinion, this ty:i_:;o ·Jf ev:i.2.e;nce c.rnl belief iS .n>t 'oviJ.c.::nce W:)rth 0f ony cred.i t b0co.usc, .ns the c:;_;_.ello.nt c,;rrcctly sni:.l in the i:1Cu)rCU1cluu •Jf a.p~Jcnl, tho ;) wnor of .thu h.msu int,J which the took rof'U(_;e wc-.s not cc.lle~l t.J testify .;n PW 2 1 s testinony. Acco:vuin:.:; t.J P.a. iYcn;;uru, the o.:i.:,:i.:,ollo.nt t ;ok rcfUde in o. 11 Hcy-a. h,)Use 11 Like the O.j;i:,0110.nt, I <l•Jllb't this piece of evidence ns it lncks c·JrrolnratiJn. Finnlly, tho Iloj_)ublic c.mten2.s th.:1t r.113 thu n:i..,:i..,011.::nt hr·...J. n.Jthin~J °t:.J offer in <lef<.:nco then the c Jurt w::-.s cmti tlc,~ t0 tc.kc c.clversc· inf orence O.l;D.inst such Silence prov:i.c'!c-'.:. thr:t thu n~i:cllr\nt w2.s j_)r YJL;rly n,)tificL1 of his richto unJcr sccti:.m 231 :;f the C.F..~. There is n•) aou~t tht'.t tll-,: c m:ct is ca1x;werud unJ.cr sccti ')ll 231 (3) of C.P.l.. to ~rnw nn ndv0rsc inf~ronc8 t'.GD.inst the accused· 1-1..,rson l'Ut, in uy OlJini.jn, when tho c-.JUrt exercises .such st,~.tut-:,ry :i.:J.)wcr or- rcqu:Lrcoent it □ust hc'.VC been so.tisfi0 .. : ])y i ts..,lf firnt th:-,.t o..t thu cLisc of pr•)secuti,m cc.se o. :;_,rit.1ci fc.cic cnsc wns cstoblisht.;,:.;. t.; require the accuG0(.1 i,1.:rs·:m to t,) oitfcr his ~lef0nce. If, h)wcvur 1 nt th'" close 0f 1:.r,.>s0cuti...;n cnse tho cJurt is of the vi1.:w thc.t a. Cf'.SC is n~it ::ule out o.i:_;ninst t~0 ::~ccusvJ. ~:ers,m suff'icii.:ntly t,) requir0 hi□ t,) adcc Jcfcncc.: oi thor in role.ti >n t-J .tho ofi'cnco with. which he is ch:::.ri:;-.::~ or in rclnt;i.:.ln t,"J :.-my .)thcr )ffL:ncc tho c,:iurt is cluty bJunC: t ..J Jismss tho· chqr1.;o nn.::!. c.cqui t the accuscc! ~10rsun -- s. 230 of C.Pli.., 1985. · In tl11; prcsvnt cnso, ·e.s f.':X ns I na c mcvrnctl, I ;:,.u not sntisfiu,: th.· t th<:: 1Jr isccl_lti:)on h.".l u,.\.lc U:i,i n cr.,s0 C'.i_;r-.inot · the Ui-J~,dlr,nt suffici0tnly t : roquire hiu to u':.ko d.:.'- iuncG. The issue of i lo11tificc.tion .if the a.J.,J.'ullo.nt !.;y th0 CJU~~lc::'.inc.nt r-:t tho trio.l wc.s n;.;t lJr J~Jurly one. suri )USly c!co.l t with _to c mfiru lx:yoml ony cl.>ubt thr-.t the :Jcrs.m wh·) ti•.jlvntly o.ttncko.:l .'.:.n,: r:)bbcd the c0rJ:i_.>lnimmt wc.s th0 a:.:,~:cllc.nt• It isnn0t cnoUr__;h f _,r ::U1y one t" sew th:-,_t oo r.;;.l.:'.. so •is ny r,)bbor without SU1.JiJOil1tinc~ this stc.tcn-.;nt with ootario.J. f2.cts. Ifor.::, the tricl c,)urt w:::s not told how Fvi 1 in,:'.untifiod the 0.:i.):JCllf'.nt - wh1,;thar by uo.rks :~n his boJy, type of clothes, iJOSt lm)Wlo,~o ,)f the o.1x._,>cllant nn•.l $:) f',Jl?th. Hc.(1 tho O.j_);_,,ullnnt been o.rrcsteJ with c,ny of .the i tar.is a.11'-'t.,U(.Uy st~,li:!n fr)l:l the C JU,_..lo..int'.!l t' then the c ;urt w.;ulcl hn.ve bv~::n cnti tl0,: to inV,Jlrn the doctrine ,)f rcce:nt j_);:;sscssision, The O.i):i.-,Cllnnt Wc>.s c-.rrcstoJ two wc;ck:.1 nftcr the nllv::~o,1 C:i,,iSoJ.c whcm tho COLl:i.>lo.in['.nt 1 .sinr.iply inforae(1 the J.:·olicc tho.t the n1, 1)oll::mt wo.s the Jori.e Who be.cl robbuu. hio two wcoks. Whwn sc:.,rchucl nYbhin0 wr.s f.Junu wi_th the o.i:,~,CJll:::nt. Frau whr:t I h:cvc sto.to": o.1.>Jvc, it is boy-)nJ cl0u;;t th~'.t I h':.VO no hesi tntion. t.i sny thnt the <listrci t. C,Jurt crossly erroreL1 t-J c.mvict tho o.~;~cll0nt with such shnll.Jw nnJ uncorr.>;;:);j]r-.tod ovi..:.oncc of PW 1. The o.:;_.,~1c:~l oh:JUl.l thurcf )ro ~cce:i::J - 4- nnd With the result thc.t tho .conVictim is quc.shCt1 P..nu the: sentence set oside~ The npJella.nt should ther~f :;il'le be rehio.sed foll'Jthwi th unless held up for a.ny lawful offehce. J,udgeoen:t. uel_i Ycroo c.:t J).."'.X csSalnnu~ Z,-12r-S8 Appellmlt - Absent ~~ B-Os;;;onJ.ont - Mr. Kyuki ' . ~C:U a..C.. Mr~m (PD.I) E.x:t.. Junscli.ot10n) ·,: 2J/12/88