19890303 TZHC Mtwara
- Citation
- 19890303 TZHC Mtwara
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Tanzania
- Court
- TZHC
- Decision
- 3 March 1989
- Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- TZHC
- Decision
- 3 March 1989
- Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The prosecution proved the charge of rape beyond reasonable doubt through credible direct and corroborative evidence; medical evidence is not mandatory for conviction.
Court disposition
appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence confirmed
Orders
- sentence of five years imprisonment for each appellant confirmed
02
Material facts
Parties
Mahamud Mkula
AppellantMwanza Nvilai
AppellantRepublic
Respondent Counsel: Hyera, State AttorneyAmounts and remedies
- Sentence: years 5
03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether medical evidence is necessary to prove rape
- 02
Whether identification of accused was reliable
- 03
Whether prosecution proved case beyond reasonable doubt
Party arguments
- Applicant
- Appellants denied the offence and claimed alibi, stating they were at the hospital at the relevant time.
- Respondent
- Prosecution relied on direct evidence from victims and corroborating witnesses, arguing identification was reliable and medical evidence not essential.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
R v T, 1971 HCD No 287
Medical evidence is not necessary to prove rape if there is credible direct evidence of intercourse without consent.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The prosecution proved the charge of rape beyond reasonable doubt through credible direct and corroborative evidence; medical evidence is not mandatory for conviction.
Obiter and limits
- The refusal of the medical assistant to record findings is surprising but does not disprove the fact of brutal attack and rape.
- Full moonlight and prior acquaintance negate possibility of mistaken identity.
Court disposition
appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence confirmed
- sentence of five years imprisonment for each appellant confirmed
Source and reliance status
TZHC · 3 March 1989
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
TZHC
Judgment· 3 March 1989
) (i':itua:r2. Rogir:.try) LJ?EJ1L• .'B ,Tl.IiISDIC'l1IOH u.:. .U-,..i..1'1. ·-1 ."IDl,f"cl (J;• 1F r.lR-•~-T .t 1 :.:,....u r T • TO .::. 0 129. OF 1988 0:-·:i.~inr,l c:.~inim::-,1 Cn.sc;, ifoo 22 of 1$88 of tho :D:i_;:;trict Court of Tund,..1.l'U Di:3tl'ict v.t Tu.11.d.u.ru J:3ofo::·o~ Golio Ch2-1)1>uamc-. :Gcqe, S.,Do Magistr2-to lMID Ill' MOH;J.iJID J\:lKUL.L 000000000000 .i.PP3LL:.NT Vorsuo T:3 JEPUBLIC o O o O o o ,o O O· 0 0 0 0 0 o o O O O 0 l:!SPONDE.NT
JUDGMENT Maina, J. Those two 2,ppcnls OJ..'O conoolidntodo Tho t..ro appollo,nts, lifu:rdin Mohr.mod Mk.ul2, .:-nd. ~:--:T.:za Nvil.ai, whom I sh~-1J.l :cofor to t.,S tho first and second 2,ccusocl l'or.::poctivoly, wore convicted by tho district cou:rt at Tundu...'"'1.l of J.'apc. Tlwy wore cc.ch sont~ncod to five yea.rs imp:.:-isonmont. On tho nic;·ht of 1 M2-rch, 19813 at cbout 10030 porno, two women, PWl Rohcm2. tiuok,fr, r..nd PW2 }h-mjunw. Iss£',, wore walking hone o,ftor closing work o,t i:Jrulirm IIotol in Tundvxu. Tmmship. They r,1ot tho two 2.ppollc.nts whom tho women know very uoll. Tho o.ppoll2.J1ts ottP.J.P~-~tlioo and asked tho _nomon whore they wore goinc;. Tho women sdd tlmt they woro going horaoo Sudaonly:> the first c,ccucocl !fold:.R~honn.1.cwhilc tho second o.ccusod cot hold of Mimjumn.o 1~ 1Jtl''Ugglo ensued 1:,otwoen the 2.ppol1211ts 2.11d tho women a.nd,. luckily, one of thom 1 1'12 I1hmjum...7, ,ms a,blc to ovorpouo~,• tho 1J00Qnd accused wl~o uo.s holding her c:·.nd she r2.ll mmy., Rohemo. W<'.s not so 11:1,ekyo She m:-·.s ovo:;.'1)01-mrod by the fi~cst 2.ccusod who ch~c\'::cod her to a noc:rby bush., Tho second accused joined in and he hold Ilohom2,! n 11,,·.nd.s while tho first c.ccusod r<'..pod her. Thon tho soconcl_ c.ccuo-:;d took h;i.s turJ:1 l)r ~c;ping Rehcmn 11hilc tho first c.ccused hold her to "the ground. After th2-t~ they told Rchomn. to go
homoo Hwe,,jur.1c. who b.i.:d. boon with Rohoma rc,n to e. noc1rby office which 112,s being gv_::::'?dod by 2, Police 9ffico:r, PW3 Consk,blc Polycarpe 2 Nwajumr, oxplr ..incd 1rl1,,t hcd hr,IYJcnod 9 So-,. tb.o Police Offico::l' 2,ccomp2.11iod Mwc,jur.12- to t:r-,co Il.ol1omc.. whou1 ti1oy mot c:ryinc .-·nc.l GE\yin:~· tl.~:,t she hm boon 1•2,pod b;y- the C'J>p,-::11,..nts whoe nho nv.r.icclo Tho:ccc,ftor, Rohou....., ,-rent to tho Police Sk,tion 2nd sho roportdd Jii:10 rr,ttor to tho Conste,"blo on duty, P1:i5 :...nn_,.,_,, "irho 2.dvinod tho cqr.'.plr-immt to co to tho hospi tv,l for nodicc.,l 0:::c.J."\in2.tion. Rol1-.Jn2, 1 s tt..trn Ul1clOI'lroo.r 2nd khcngc uoro kept by tho Police. :Jhc ·1·r2,s u~:c,minocl by c. Eodicr'.l /.ssistr..nt, uho uc,s celled 0,s 2 cotw:t ui t.,1oss? Isido1·r. Ko.ndoac,, : .-~ncL wl10 :;.•ofusod to ;:-ocord ho:r findings in tho Police fo:r-m fo::c modicr,l o:c.2Jnino,tion, on tho g:L·ound that she did not find r.ny injuries 01· abnornr,li tics in tho compl;::.ir.t.•nt ts bod.yo During tho :::;,:x.10 night imr:1odidoly 2,ftcr the commission of tho offence, PH3 Constc,blc Polycarp r,cconpc:biod by 2, oili tir,mnnt PW4 Rc,shid Fc:cn.ji, uont to tho first ;::-,cquso_d ts house, but tho fi:rst 2.ccu.sod resisted a:c::i:ost o.ncl ho :rcn mmy,. On tho following d[W, tho first 2.ccusod threatened Tiohcmc.. in tho prcsc~cc of Rchomn~s employer,
PW6 Zubcri Llly, :for reporting tho mc,ttor to Police. On 3rd l'k,:rch 1988 the first 2.ccusod uo,s 2J."l'Cstod at his house. Ho wo,s so violent uhile I tho Police he,d to shoot hin in tho log in order I ' to effect tl10 2.?1.·ost. Tho second 2.ccusod too we,s o,rrcstod E':Jld both wore chc.rgcdo Tho e,ppcllc-,nts 1 dcfonco wr,s e, cor,1:plcto doni2-l. They gr,vc 2n 2.,ccount of hou tho~, noro r.rrcstod, ' Tlio first c.ccuscd so.,id thr,t on tho dny tho offence ur,s cooJ::i ttod ho hc,d been to tho hospi to..l to soc o. sick childo Tio c2,llod w:i tnosscs -who sc~icl ho wt-,s <1..t tho hospi tcl up to e,bout 9 porno 11~1011 ho loft. I Tho complc.inc,nt I s cvidonec is · nu1ply oo:;.•:ro bor2,tcd by the evidence I given by PW2 Ncr0jt11-:1c,o Thero is :fv.rthor cirid.cncc given by PH3 Constv,blo PolycE'..:ep to 1-rhom tho conple'-in,.nt 11,.~.mcd tho two c,ppollo..nts ir.1.r.1odiatoly d'to:-: tho cor.mission.. of.' tho offcnco. Both uor.1cn knou tho r.ppcllcnts lJofo'.!..'C 2..nd thoec ce,n be no possibility of r.1istc.kon idonti ty._ T11o:i:c ncs full moonligh~ thr,t nighto Thero is tho cvidonco of FU6 Zu1Jori f..lly the.t oh tho clr,y dtcr tho conph',in2.nt · ·, &•t e,ccusod TT"'S wr,s re.pc d 1 tl_10 f J.i. , <-, looki· , ·'-0 fo:r· tho cor:ipldnr,nt mld , Yl.r-' when ho founcl hor, ho tl1rontonod her ,bcco.usc she· h2-d ropoJ:tod tho mcttcr to tho Polico 0 Doth nppcllc,n~s
hcl mC'.dc sini12r throc,ts to Rohom2, soon c,:ftc1.· tho cormission qf tho offonco~ thr,t t!1ojr would :1r.rm her if sllo ovm: reported to tho ·Police• 3 Tho tl'ic,1 cou::-t consid0rod the f'-'ct t:1d no ncdical ropo:d lrt',S tondoi'cd on t~:co co:;.1di tion of tho 002plr•,in;--..nt., Tho lo[';L'ncd. Etr-.c;istrr.i. tc hold thc. t uodicc'.1 :..'oport is net nocoSGf,l,7 to prove tho of'fonco of re.po o IIo ci tod the cc.so of r~~:cnc1osl.lc. V TI. 1971 iICD no 287 in su1,port of his decision. ..L ~--crco t:,:--t De:dicc.l c-v-:i.clonco is not ncco::rnr:.l'Y to prove th2,t flC.::uc,l ir.torcotu7r; .. : h,~. s t::-J;:c:n vh·,coo In tho prooont co. so, tho:ro uv..s r:.CJ?lo c-:riclonce t]:. ~t sc:.ud intcJ.'coU::::Jo took plo,co, 2nd it wns without the conscmt of tho coupldnc.nt. Nm:-.. jur:10. 1 s oviclonco r-,n:ply corrobort:stos tho evidence given by the conplo.inv.nt 0 Thero is 2.lso tho ovidonco of tl10 otho1° wi tnossos who saw tho· cot1pl2,im·.nt ir:.1L,odi0,toly after the conniscion of tho offence:, heJ:- tmn undorwo2:c r.:nd other clothes which dw sont to tho Police Sk,tion 2,s soon ;:,,s sho loft tho scone of crir:100 Tho riodic2..l L.ssistt:.nt r,s l'o:i:usr,l to wri to d01m uhnt sho s2;w cftor o:;~r.r,1ining tl10 conpl['.,im:.nt, is very surprising. Thnt done docs not diop::-ovo tho feet thc,t tho cor.1pl2.in2nt 1ms 1)J:-utnlly 1:.,ttcckod 2..11..d 1,2,j_,od by tho two appollcmts. Fro~ tho ovidonco on record~ tho p1°osocution proved tho chv.rgo v,gn.inst tho cpj_)olli::nts beyond ell ror..oonc,blo doubt. Tho :::ontonco is not oxcons:Lvo in t:.-,.o circunstc..ncos 9 c:.nd it is horoby con:firr.1od. Jud.go MTlf1.J:1L 3- f/f.:r·,.•h, 1989 Hycra, Sk,to Ltto:;..•noy, for tho Republic~ Lppoll~nts 2bsont.
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