19921204 TZHC Dar es Salaam

vcrsuc j This is another· case in whi,::!1 r.· ,•~7.iry over n ·:·rooan has resulted. in tho loss of hm:mn Hfcc. The trnee(,y bc3an in t. ·.G afternoon of 900.91 at Mru:ia JL~sujn' a ponbc shop fo i<nse~a v:Ulal,:: in Kilornbero c1istrictc Tho. JccoascK1t i~Jil.M i,1J;lr1L'.1.CJUf'a'VHA? hac1 gor: l to drink a,.· local brew. known aa il{(omoni" in tb,J ~> :~pc.ny of his concubine LOIDA d/6 NYOHG.'•. ? as wen ds a fr.icnc1 of hi:: c.:1:Ued il:JvlLF 1)1\NDA who was accor.1panfod. by hiG tL'..fe SVi1.<J · 'I'i1Gy sa·, . a1•c,t::.~,-1 a tnb3.eo 3efore lon~ the accused.~ Dickson I s i'{ii:lolG:h nrri vGd a-:~ thc pombc shop and, as he was ." ,,,.If no strnngcr-r- JJancfa. wolco;-;Jccl h:.D to dri:~:,;: uith thomo '.i~he accusad joined Dando.' s c;rot.p and aa tirnc went .:iy the ro9m t1M fuU of peoplQ clrinking. From .:=:.round 3.,00 Pc □~ when ~~i1eiy arrived J: ndu ancl his, group wi.-mt on drinkin 6 until about 6c:C, Pc-r.lc, 't1hon the group broko up and 0verry one? wen:; i101:1co nut a lo't had happenocl nt the por..:. i) s:1op before 6.00 p.rn. After- the accused joined iJanja I s sr-:-~p ho was attractec.;, to Loida Nyon~a and: started sec1ucing hmro ~1e told h::)::- ttmt he loved her nnd that he would/ like to live ,·dth her 0 It wou:.d appear thc:t Loida i-,as not impresse.<: · and so she rcfusec1 to coop.:::-at ·1 even wly,n the aGcused asked her to oove ancl sit c:i..osc

to h:i~n~ 'l'l'::.,sc :novca by the t!.~c 1:.:scd did not pass unnoticed b:r Adc::.:.1 f.·;:'lcEi';JBUn[:>;errc. isrho by tL~.:'J -~be. ha.cl bcc-n living in concubfoagc with Loida for n l ittb ov3:r· ::o:=.' ::ionthG.,, Thus time came when he had to intervene,.. Tho c.focoascd as!{ecl. th0 accus0d why he was following his wife Loidn e.nc1 ~;o]/l :1ir.1 to stop seJucing her. The accused: replfod by saying that Loic1a is o•r3rybody' s wifo since he, the decoascd, had not paid any bric~,.,r:irice for hGro This ane;erGd the deceaseJ and so a quarrel stm··:-,oc. bGtwcen h:'cr.1 -J.nd th1s o.,ccusec1., Tho other people around intervened and cUid t:hc~ qucU'Tel <i:lndoci. :/hen the -~::no for l<mvine; cane jandu and hj.,a ,rif o lcf'~ firot, foHowoc1 by U.0 ·.1eceasod nnd Loida. . Oo.v0 that ~~o nccuoec1 claiu(Jd to hav0 be m the first ·,',o l0aire, this pn.$ o~_. tho story of events in th.<2 &fte>rnoon of r·1.o.01 is a8re~o by both1 the prosecution nn::l th-:: .Jef:...-.,c-)" 'Jh0n Loida e.nc1 the docoo.sur1 K'G:'IC~ :xi hor:10 the_, hnc1 their dinner, and retirrecl to be:i e.t arounc.1 J,;80 l)oDo Goon aft ~rw~rds they heard soral;lbocly outside knoc!dn:3 nt their 0.oo::-. Jhcn th · dec.:msed &~ttizrod who was knockins the ~)erson repliGc'l, n1~~. □ i Einga;' ( 11 j[ aa Mini;ci, 11 ) . • I • ! The dccenGecl thc-n asked. whnt EinGc1 ,·mete( at that hour. of thq night and i/2in0 a

replied thnt ho hc.c.1 coi:;10 to !<'.'0solv-e th-v c:ispute they had that afternoon at h1□n 1usujc:.' s por.1be shop,, '.t.'~ms ·b'Jth tho deceased and Loida knew it wco 0idwon Ein::;a w.. .J ,;ran otJJtsirJ.e and l1c.+d 1:\ U ttfo debate wl\Gth;Jr they shoulc1 opon tho d~-'.)r for hi□ oir noto lLoicla was: oppose(} to oponinG tI10 doer but th0 dGe0nsod insisted and so when he wcmt to opon the c1oor u:>ic1a foHouoc1 icoediately !J0hincl. Ji.ccorc1ing to Loic1n there ·,ms n lcc-irooenc lmnp (' 1!-rnroboin) ,µ..urning in the Gittin0 roon~ whi_ch t-:iad ;)•2on left thcirc since Loida ~ ~1e decons0d hn:1 :1.~cti:rrod to bcc1:_ ar.,: Go :rith the help of tho 0 :iGI.\_ ~ron that ].ar,1p Lo Ea -;·ir,c e1.blc to ace and i:Jcntify tho nccusecl. i.Jh(s 'f\tiiicc.1 thnt the ncc,2ccc'i ·:Jo.G stanJirig one or two paces from tho. doo1._ an,:i ',1as ',Jcnrinc tho oaoe blue pair of shorts and a. whitish ~ ,1'1~ he in(: at i-b.m :W;.;.cuja I G ponbc shop in tho aftornoon. i~s soon ~'3 th0 J0ccas0c'1 stG;?j,oc1 outside tho c'loor tho aecUOGc'l pusho:.! him and th.9 ,:oc-?."•.G-< ~:.::tal iated by pushins the accuscJo, i'.. fish\ f.ollo::r0d c.nd 1.,oicJa tricJ in ~nin to stop tho fi5ht by sepnratinG tnen. .'.Jhe raiGvd alarn but no:)oc1y anonr5 the nci5hbouro rcsponclOc!e AS Jhc t1aa tryine; to sGpsrato thG fight cm sh0 not iced that th~ nccus~ had ...,Q, knlfe in one of th0 ~10cis:,:--'.:.: .

-i: -,:-.-· .. :.. · --- _.., ~'1:1-- ·. , ...., ._,..,.,.--:uco·.·: :,ritI1 -;;;_1G knife on tho ribs in tho l~ft si~ :r,~ . ~.. Loidc. foun~_-,· "11Qt :nono of tha nei 0hbours ,:.mmir3rec1 · her call fol' help .she docidoc1 to so to Lc.1,~:n I s housn and ask for l'wlp. 3y this time H rrc.s l""'c..1:..·l•..r 10.~ ., ... ..Jv i'Jo~. _ ,,,~,.11 L··,·and"' h • "'- "-u "" ac: already retire::1 to bo.:1., LoL1a imoc!wc1 very hnt'd 2.t uandn I s :Joor anc~ when he woke up she talc1 him th-;.r.·c ~s :.:. £isht at '.1..-,:r v ~ b e t WG<3n 1~· hou~e ;i1nga and .1:.dam • and that. ba' ohou.ll.J :;o nnd sto1-) that .fi¼nt 1 ~ s.1e har} tri0d and foiled• il.ccorcl- Q.Sl ~ to Loida she also. told Dancln that I,;1~rm. ~ hacl stabb 0 c1 Aclarn t..•1· tl",.... " knife •. 'J/ ...,. 3 Jut in his t.Mtimony :;an~1~ sdc1 Loir}c. c1i-:1 not tcU hi□ about the stabbirl/j1 :-she only told hin nbout tho fiDhto i:.s Can:l.:1 c.nd Loida began· wa!ldns towa_rds iioida I s house ti:uy saw a nan runnin2; towards· whore thoy wcro in th•~ O:?:ositc Ji:rrc::r~ion 0 · i~s it i1ns .Jar1r ~anc1n c ouJl d not tG 1 l it '.11a:J anG so he as!te~. ;,,1 ~10 the man runninc;., 'Lh-:- Dnn rcpJl.iotl! _;ir:ir.1i 1.;insa 11 · (i 1I am EinGa 11 ) o Then .lJnn::1a asked hi□ about the qul'!rrol he ha'1 with ildam,. i-:inga replied,. 11 Usiniguse wala usinisoc;,/il.oo G1i □ i n.ir.pk,1foi:ar:m.:.Uz~ :~czi i.ljyo

nile·ta hapa I,;n3ctn ( :i:;o not ;;rJuch r.i<.:: or :::;.Jt hear 00 as· I have accor,1plishod what brought me to i'.n::.;cta., n) On h·.::arin,; thin ;A::,ndn w.:-,o fri3htcncd an::1 clicl not •,1isb to i~ot near LinGa..Jan.~:a tc-otific-1 thD.t because ot the darkness that night h•3 could not t•;) U that t;1e p:3roon. he sm1 running was J.i;inen until he introc.1tlCOcI hi□n-Jlf o Ifiinr;n went auay and Janda and Loida hc<lded t0t·1ari':a Loida I s houco~ Dc.nc1a tostifi0d thot Loi:Jn ,1ic1 not t0ll hi□ t-1heti1cr thG fi~ht took pl.nae insir.~0 oir outside thoi:r bouse. ,3o w!1en he rot'lchGd there he caJl.foj out i,dru:i Io nooo a mL--:r.ber o1 tioes but thoro was no resp0nse. Then ho openG<.l the :1oor and founJ thGre ima a larJp (koiroboi) burning in the si ttine room a~.-:l s~:-1 the ,1ecenzoJ itdn□ lying on his badi: •. [fa calfocl his namG but .the dec·:)c,,3(,:.1 ;~ic: not roDponc: and wben ho exrunined • him he foun:.'l a 1:rtn'.) wounc.1 on hie hft sh'.co Je roalisec1 that I.dam was dGacl but fo1~ :fec'.r of shockin;~ ;:.,oL.:n he (:3::!ide,~ not to let hGr lmow that he. ~mn -:10ac1. Jan-:1n raised cJ.nrrJ :)t~t hobody cane. Thus Jnn1a nnJ Loida s0t out.to notify the villaec authorities about i·1hnt ha:1 harpcnecl. l.HchaJN:1, tt10 ownor of the house lLoic1a had rented, was tho first to be not.iticd. 1'hon follo,rec1 tho C.cll Leader, who aftGr Gxar.1inin:::: the

boc.1y; ,1a,s o:.,tisfiGd i,dan, E,.rane.suncura i-1as clendi ~]c: diro~tcr1 thnt JLoUn. !J~ Gent to tho police station for· her I aim riaf ety and then sent i..-Pndo. bnck to Loida' 0 house to cuarC: the body as the 1.)olico b.nd orucr1.':e1. j[n ,1uc courra0 that vary nicht the :Jard. Secrot<;.~Y anc1 ihc Vi.Unce 3-.;,er,:o~tuJ',Y waN notifiG.J ruid they prooioed to come th~ i'oUOll:U\G Llel.i'ninc;. 4/ ••• lcco:dinc.to hira be went I1on:1e t'o r;loep a:r:t.-;;rr lonvinc tho llor::bo chop shortly after 6~00 p;.m. The) foHo,/n.nc; oornine; tbo C:CC'UGX! :'.<::ft for j_;;lir.1~ ,'.:l vfaere t he saicl, he went to foot: for tho thief uho hac1 stoJl.on hi.'..• clothc,.s.: at the . ,:, J . ' - . .-t. ., -"'-:h. !.. : l 01 · "!'II ly • 1~cco;td::. r,;; t8 ,:,110 nee UG ::d tnc 1.-i!l.0 , , one L,.hc1rea e;nc. . ni)IL1!GoC:l bis i:".:-i.s)itnl:'.ty by .stealins clothes and other- things fro□ tho accus0c~ nftorr 110 =:nd ,.Jpcnt a ni3iit. nt his house. hndrea Gimongwc. ~-ms imo11n to tiio C::.cc1./,. ec1 1s brothor 1 :.::Uock Viin15a, and on this occasion mock hnc1 nckec.1 ·: he accuDocl -to accoroodate hi.a for tho n·ie;hto 'I'ho nccu.scci oblic;ocl nn:1 he paic1 a heavy price for his hospitclityo JhilG at 1-llimbc: tho accus..::e1 enHstoc~ tb.0 nrn:::;intance of the police and thus r.1anc.coc:i ·to recover sor,e of bis clot[1cs and a bible. '.2lhen .somebojy told hk, thcd; Lnckoa

3bon;:,,m Hr:is sGcn headine for Ma.tmmbnko by tr2.ino So th0 nccuGGc~ boc:.r(:e<:l the trr. ~n in an effort to catch up iii th th:, thief but tt-lia effort wac frus :_.rntec1 by the ' police 1•1ho arrested him aJLl 1.? 0.ini:; tb.at b." ~ms wnnte:::1 to go ancl answer charges for tho umrdi:~r of f~c.lmn Ii::wnnasm1cuirae H wa, · 13 9577 Sgto 1,;cclardt who tectificd ao ~-:·:13 Fho 2-rJcactocl hi□ after he was told by an informer in tho train that the nccunod ,me :1antoc1 for. r:mrder. After a:rrrestin3 the ac•!JUSvU ha hant2ec1 hir:, ov:::ir to Ifnl,;:a:rra ~?oHco and the accused was subsequontly crmrc;od with the cmr":'ler of 1:.dar.1 I;;\mnasungura. Guci1 :ms the evic'ionc,.::: for both the proo3cution anc1 the defenco. 'l'he only o□ ission is the: evido:.1ce of .:i:nock I,an3a who -~,;;stifiocl as Pil4o :us evidence wao to tbo 01:?0ct 'that tho nccuooc'. is• tho con of his father's brother and thnt he vms the othor "ll:inca" at rimGeta village.- :ilc tcstiffoc1 further thee ho rn~ver □et tho accusac1 on no0.91 ancl that .. since he met hir:i throo c1::i.yn prior to Oo0o91 ho had never seen him again until he mot him fo coui~t.. de concluded by sayinG that he heard of the death of Adao L'Jti.nns:.m:_;vra oh Jl.8oGo91o th0 first thin 0 for Jeter□ ination io the ,Jeath of Ldarn M,oJanasungura. Apart iirorn tr1e cvic1encc of L }olf Lnnc:a, who t0stifioc1 ao ?.12 and

Loida Nyon'[;a, who testified an F'J1 thorc is the evidence of tho cloc:tor who- perfomed the autopsy no contc'l.inod in the post-raortcrn ireport ac1mitter: during the preH□ innry hearins nnc1 Emrrkec1 ,t1chibit I'1o AccorrciinCT to that report ,Jenth of il.c.1an- r,:.,1anacuncura uas duo to 11 internnl bl00::1inc fron tho heart duo to pen0tratoc1 wound., 11 5/ ••• :.::;,;: 'l'hc dootor olxiorvo;'l ihnt th:: bor'ty La:: a wound nbout five inches deep, Jn the be.Dis of this e·vid,,m,!,, t!-mrefore I find it ns a fact that t::am I1hanacuacsrnra f.c cl..,EJ.cl nnl tba:~ be w~s k5. UorJ~ Ifa di,~ not dio. of naturnl ca111G0Gc In wy smm;1inc; up to the la::.y ond 1ontlonen n,se.ssors ][ to)Ld. then that the case for the prosqcution c:cpendo too. very large extent on the eviclGnce of Loici.::. l'Jyonc;a ~ ~3 .!-:L c: :c1 i.dolf ~':web P.12 0 i told them that the evidence of i?:13 c1oes not a,3.C, , ,nythine; to .'~hG prosecution case because the witness m~rostec1 tho accusocJ ton days after the Idlli.ng of:. Lc:am ond as tho prosocution fo::1 no ov:' Jenc0 to ab.ow that anyone even tri~d to look for the accusocl on the ;dght of 9,.G.SJ, the claia that ho wao runr,,..inc; o.,Jay to hid0 ha.a no ::n:.cin in ].aw or :I ogic., The accused could hav0 sonG to 1-'Ui □ba wh::nre he ;;me .::i.irirootcd. for any other reason., As r~enirds tj10 evidence of ?d4 thoro io nothing to a2c1 to the

prosacution case &ince thorr0 ic evidence that tho acctmocl hnc1 Mo own house, ho was not Uvine tritn his birothorr .lnock, nn.J so no signifi; anco can be attached to th-3 fact that the witnocc did notf:1Got tho accuse;; on 9.G.91 or in the fact that the wit::100G saw the accus2d throe c1ays vrfor to 9.G.91 and did not Sfde hia n3nin until h0 ciGt him in court. Tho prococution cnso turn.s on tho f,Jcnti:fication of tho accusec1 by P:11 c:mc1 Ff2o I toJL..:1 tho key 2nd :;orrtle□on as.sec;3ors that in this :regard whnt r:w.tt0irs iD thoir · as.s01Jc12cnt of cro,:.ibHi ty of tho two wi tn0sSGS<f This is so bccnuce both Loic1n and Jnnda tcstifi0cl that they saw th,a, accused in tho nft0rnoon at tho por.ibe shop and they saw hirn again at ni3bt wearine ttw c;ar-1e clothes which :.-.r0ro tonde:iroo in evidence in court, Both wi tner:u:;os ici<:mtifioc1 tho pair of shorts anc1 the jacket and tho aocusec.1 adni ttcc1 t:1at these ~1orrG tho clothes ho "<·ms wearing on 9,8 1 91 nt tho pornlJc sbop nnc1 a.s thoy wore ·foe only clothes ho was left with f'olloi1in3 the theft by Anc:ron ,Jir:ioncwn; h0 oven ha:1 them on ten c'lays lat'1r whcm h,;;, imo arrosto·'. on tho 'l'azara train... 'l'his is significant in E:lininating the ;iossibility of mistaken identity by P:11 anc1 f\12 since both witncss0s om-r tho nccuscd in tho afternoon and they tostiffoJ that the pctsoo thGy m0t at night

no.'.l!I.~ Loida 's hou.n::: w:cis w<:aring the same clothes. FJ1 said o-he ro(!ognis0:l tho accucod woarine; the san1e clothes. 6/••• I• "7.12 suppo~tod 11:::r in this., Jv::m tbc confusion bctt1'\'.:Gn 0ickson Minga anJ ,21oc_k Mnca ia elir.iinw"ts•,: ,rhan cJe ta1'.-:e into arco1.mt tbat the person who tolc1 ?J1 noc.1 -~hG ~bco,J.cc,.c". t!-:.at he ic E,i ':'llGa i·ms wearing the same bhw shorts nncl v1bitisb jci.cI-rnto :~nock t<:: T'.;ifiec1 that he I found it nocooce1.ry to c'lira:,r the c.·:t::mtion of the lady and gentlemen assessors to the fact that 1:iistaken ickntity has been eliminated as de!7!onstrc:.tcc1 abovG !)2cnuse in r.m.ny cnoe.;; a 0:ri tncss 1-:ay be honest but r.1istaken. li'orr this r0c1Go11 -:hen tho iscue is one of tJentification of the accused by a witness the croc~ibHLy of the witness is not the encl of the inquiry. Ls reccrdc c:rrGdibility of ?.11 2nd P.12 I re□ inder. 1 the lady and 13enUcmen MSG,'3Soirs th~,t t~1ey I-l.n.::11 tho oprJortunity to see and. hear the witnesses in the Hi tness box:o ][ c1rew thoilr attention to certain points raised by the clofoncc couo.sol i-rhich r.m.y hcmd to shotr that the witness was not teHing the trutho F'or mmnplo, }.:!ro :..:}rdo hc1d riaferrcd to the kerosene lamp (koro!Joi) u:iich f'.J1 said w:::.s loft burmi.De in the sitting room \1hil0 she had retir,;;d to be:. with t~10 c1ccoasoc1., de doubted

whether sueh a habit is possfolG to'-1ay in view af tb.o hi 0 I1 cost of livine we have in the countryo I,1r. ':Toria hnc1 also roferroc1 to the: clni□ by the witness that she saw tho accu.soc1 outside their door when the rleceasod opened the door and she wan stnndinc behinc1 Mm. Lccorc1inJ to ?\!2 the Hi:sht from the lar.ip would not cna:Jle Go□ o on0 to 3,:3e ',!hot was outGiJo the house. 1:.r. srio had also iref0r:rro(1 to -~b.o c].ai!J by P:11 tha.t .she t'li tncssec.1 the stabbing of li.drun by the accused anc1 told Danc12 about it. In his evidence Janela hacl said that Loi.Ja did not tell hira c.bout the stab1)inso Uc Gaid she only tolcl hir.i there was a ficht between tho c1ecoascc1 nnd the accused anc.1 she asked him to 30 and resolve the c':inpute anc1 stop tho fic;ht., I told the lady anJ gentlemen asoG.ssors that those are ir.iportant points to consider in (.1eciuins whether to bcJLicwc or not to believe lLoida 0 I told them to bear in 1:1incl that she is a iiri tnoss with an interest to servo sinc-e she was the concubine of the c1eccascd,. In order to balance this I toJLd thG lady nn<.1 g0ntleraGn assessors that in rnaldng . ,,,i' .-'#· +.OS&;~~; ,,; .... 7 (,'.i their clecision th0y r:mst trum into account the concluct of human aff~ro. so thnt tb.ey coulc1 '.:;0Hcnro o 1·ri tncss with regarrc1 to some of the thin3S he GJ.ys 2.n.l ,-:.ot boliev-e hi:-:>. '.\Tith

re13ard to others. " t f ][ told then it io not a quootion of "nH o~ nothing . 11 in assesein.g .. '. ' . ,. ,• ',· ' ~ tho .oieclibilHy of a :Jitnes,3 .sinco a witn0ss mny be honost but mistaken OV"OJ!' Hf1c:'!.t D.<3 GU()S, :)Jr hG (1&""J L10.v,3 seen or hearc1 sor.1ethinq 'o· u·~" 1· n t .8,J1 J'Ll. ·.... t o o 'tu-Jr • nG 111, n.. · ' 1x)op10 ··:.1G oay ac:., 1 "'...rnc t sor.10 ti.ung ' ' or suo: · without noceosa!"ily intonJinc to tell a lie.., ~C~1rnc I to].c1 the ~ady and gentlemen eisseasorc to juJz;,:: the vitnoss with this in mind pncl accept or jeject his ov-ic1ence after Jue c)n.sic1oration in n~orclanco with hwnan expGrienc.o. Thus in the case of L::r.J-.n. I told tho lncy and c;entlcncn assessors that the:y should decide: -::1het;10r to believe or not to believe that w·hen the cleo0nsec1 opcnoc.1 tho :Joor foUowinc; hiG exchanc;e with the accuGec1 t.ho!-o :-1as a lamp (koroboi) burnwe in the sitiing room. I told then t!1at Loic~a had claimed that tb.0y had left it there burning over- night, anc'l. thnt it is thGir ha.bit to loavc the lump burnin3 in the si ttin~ l'OOO ~~micht. On this ][ tolc1 then that they mi.y choaoa to believe that there wns a ;ii.oroboi II thc:t ni3ht but rejoct the claim by Loida that they haJ a habit of leavinc th0 lanp burnine in tho sitting room ovcPni13l1t. 'l'he lndy and 3ontfornen asso,::;sors believed th!:'.t tho lar.ip i-m.G there

,:::.nc1 that it cnnblor.1 :,?:11 to soo r,rid ic1Gntify the accused who \s!a& stanc1in8 only n pnce or t~10 frm:1 the door whon the c1eccasec1 opened the door. I.s Loida' s clair.1 that th0r0 was o larap burnine in the sitting rooo has beon cori?oboNJ.tcc'.! by P'."12 ,;1ho said he found a. lamp burnin3 when he cane to tho house Inn satisfied that there was n lamp in the room right from the ti□e th0 c'teceaseC! opcnod the c1oor to, see what the accusecl was up to, to the tir.ie Dan-:·:c. arrivec1, anc'l I so find. Like the lady ano 3ontlooien oseonsors I am sntisfi~J thot using thQ light from the lao~ it was possible to soc and id0ntify a person standing a pace or two fro□ the •::oor when tbat :Joor ',mo 01xmoclco I therofore :f.ina it as a .feet that PJ1 sm1 and ic1ontiffoc1 tho accw:iGd as the pGrson who knockacl at their door ~nd introc1ucoc.1 hinsdf as ll:inca. Uitb reearcl tJ t!10 Gtabl:::ins of tbG dccens0c1 I told the lady and r,-entlcr.1el\.. aase&BOT& ~ t thoir I.J ,J can believe i?:!1 in hor claim that t.he accused an--..l the dccoaae_"l t,rero fie;litin~ whon she rda-ad alarm and trfod to sepaMte them but foilod •. But they □~y not toliove h0r uhen she ·: ,, '.f.. I claimocf' tMt she ha,1 witnessed tho otnbbinc of the c1eco~scc1 by the accusoc'l• ., .. '· "14!, ... _ .... .........'..flt- r 0 assessors expiross,~J no "Ji-:J:-J 'tc:;m·urnc; thin pohta. 'rho

third' assessor:; was ;,f the 'Jicw t:1c::r'.:, t:10 :!ecennoc~ was stabbed while toll him about the stabbinL:; of tho de~Jasec1 when 10 went to see him and. ask h.in to [.;c anL'l step the fie;.1t between ·, he accused ancl the_. cleccaseJ~ Lf 1oicjc. ~12:.c: witnessed ;i1c stabbing oho would not I tolc1 the lady c.n;:: g-:,mtloncn a:::w.. ,asors thnt i : they find that ::: on circumstantial cvi,:.enc0 n11d find th!"'.t .iLt Has the accused who sta- l)bod the c1eceasecl,, U.l the three aose')IJ'.)rs wcire !llm:nimous in finding that the accused was the one ,:rho stabbed the dcccasec1. Ji: rcspocttully sharo tbis vhw1 with the lnc1y .c1.n(~ ::::;entJlc□on ansossorso '::-'J:·. has testified that soparatinc them sho notice:~ thnt the ac.::usej had a knife in one of the pockets of the jacket ho wns weadnso '.':!le accu.sec1 an: the deceased were still fi3htine ,1r1en Loir.1n rt:!.n to 0arn}a':... house to Goo:~ his assistance. Goon afteniarc1s the ::;ccusG''. '.ms seen rm1nli.n 6 fror:1 Loida I s house and when asked he snic.1 he ha,J accor;1pJi.iaI:-d his r.1icsion nncl did aot want any one to touch hin 6~ got cfoso to :·dr.10 'l'h,J tine factor anc1 the other surround.,. irtg citcurtsthnces point irresistibly to ·J1e accused as the person who stabbed the cleceasec1 with e. knifo anJ cnused his death., AcccrcUngly l find it ns a fact thnt thG c1ccuGoc1 ota:)'.x,c! the c1eceascc1

ancl caused his c1eath tihile LoicJa had cone to Dnnc1a I s I1ot11neo Irt .Jeterctinins the creJibility of 7.:f2 I toJ!.d the lacty and gentlemen assessors to us0 tho saoe princi:/!l.0 1s tnc:· usoJ in ao.sossine; the credibility of J?:11. 1 drew th01r attention to tI10 dot:,)t mq_Jrcssec1 by Mr. &io, learnec1 defence c'.:lunnel 9 that it wan no.st ·,1nli!rnly for tho accused to stop and introduce him.self when he □ct uanda whHe ho wan running away after he hacl ki:U.e,J the doceas0c1,. i,a-o .~io further doubted whetl:wr a person who, • i1~s Jt'unrd.ns D.'JC!.-:J -~, aJ!_):u (1c.':ccct".c,r::. aftar kH:.:.1.nc; tho dcc..:;ased 1,\/'0Uld boast the'.:: h"cl c,2..:, c~:c',0r:l]:ll iG\r~ll hia r.~iosic'._, or even introc'lUae th(;:Jr"GI fo n0·'.-;~1:.nc -;,.~-'SJ!c '. ~n:~-::, c. I;;;;.]..7_,,t 1-ionstinc <1bo'Ut tihnt ho has t1onti., J~r.10 p-:·,o:i:].J· ci :',ntc i"ii.c.:.·c:.c; D'.)on after Id'.U.ins but there thiit ltil.1!.inci; 1'':'l'JC ~-n i::c,y Im-,c ~~-::l.icr·,s :.:;o!nc; to ('E);,,,ort to the l poHca,to 'justicoo o:i:: tho Pet;r::;;~ CJ. CeH foadel"t or\ just a fr:hintl or ~ irell.at:l.vc" I i.'O."~.:.tr;:1 ·thsm ·:;"-.2;; 07 1:1 F,1'.ll. had tce-Hfi0e1 that sh3 1 StM t!hd h0arc~ t:1:: nu.::t1cec1 ini:;:-0(:.:~0 /j_rac0J.f as Id.in :a nnc1 13ay that ha c1ia. not tmnt anJ-lYx.1~.- ,:u "toi.1.:ih ~lin 01· -:c:0·'.J t7-0so to . ,i_n as he hac.'.l. . i, i1itrtcss., i·ie

na1~,,,.c,toc"• b.li::i t/&1<ltmc0 :sit)ly anc1 vii.thont any hcsHa.tibtt" tJe ~hi.s hon~st e.r..oUc;h to b!i:/ 'thnt tho 1~~ :.-;ht of 0.0.0:· t·i~b so dark that 1 h~ could no+, ir0co 0nize ihe Siictm3:-: whc: ho ht.c. ~mot<n: :for a rtW':lb~r of yoali's until he hit:roc:.uco::1 hksdi\ Jc said c"ltac;uricaU1 Jhat Loida c1:i.i:.1 not n01ttiot. the stabbinc; of ti.10 cfoce:at;ed b: · the accu::.r1c', ,,rhon she \•tent to· 'tGH hi1n niJoi.nt tt;;: fisht bot':feion the ti.cctinac} hncl tha deceased, th.ht Dnn<Jn truly r,,•~t ·foo r,,-;dtni:L,c1 cv1d ttd tb.o accuseci hnd int:a:-oducoe. himsGlt arlc1 u.tto:•or1 ~b.0, wd::-dd tbroat';,1i:13 n.ny or.e ,,fr;o would touch h:t1:1 or (tot close to hin,- J. ai:i cq:Jally' pe:rN3l' ddc1"' ;)anc'ia !-,as impi:'essed me n pcirson who ,1oUic1 r.,ot GZ&::;e'o,c-,~t3 -'~h:bss be hr)Qr'd O'~ sa:vi and while /:1!'3 hG may not btiVe tii'z□ot•h;ac1 t:10 t,dt1t1.Y. ,,1ords i:.1C0J by tho acc'J1sed the rnesf:la~e i.s r~c&lr't.1s th0 illibi ::-niGG(: by tho t,ccucac:1 ii.oho of the assGssots WhS p~rsuac1oc.1 --t:,.nt the c.cc•~s,/1 (1tc1 not t:i U t:10 (1eccnncu and hG M.d ~one to Vil:trtiba or1 ..; tJ.sD1,01 tit tho end bl J Jy JL~th~ ~'II of tha accusec1 by v·a b.nC: nc t-oom 'fat thQ th 1 11o□bo shoi'i and '• ..... -~ ..• ,-tlltt:·..~ . I..10:ranasuncin·a 7 1s • ,' 01<2 3u~Jl.ty of nUrder or □Gnslaughter? finds the c.ccus-2c. 6u:'_:;,:ty o:f

□anslLnll£1;bter.. ider verdict is bas.od on the 1:mdfop~t,2..l f:=;,~t 'dnt ho bac1 c}r:.mir ponbo fo·~ n,,3arly three anu half hours :.n the n:{:z.ernoon,,. ~rb3 tm contJl.e□ m assessors were '" of the v:.:ei1 that tho '.:dllinc; im,.:; in:orJ ::,;c1 sinc0 Ho accusod t1ent to the houso of the c:occnsoj nr,:ioc1 ,vi t'."' n knife ini. th the s::,lc purpose of Rd Hine; the:; decenoeJ in or de:~ to get hie concubine Loida•· ?or ny part I :re·specti'uUy ,Join tbo lady ass0ssoir in finding tine ·accused guiJLty of tic1J!J.Slc,l'.l.c~hter~ :: havo found a~ c:. fact that the decease:1 ims stal.:tJGci oy the accv:sec1 wl1ilo Lo'itk. hac1 [;One to call b'asec1 on circmnotlln.tio.Jl. o-ric:E:ncoo, I·: :'0HowG that ti1e actual ci:rcu- mstances unc!cr uhich tl:.e ,:1.cciwo,:J pBUo~·. '..1is knife anJ stabbed the deceased are not :"nQ",rlno I<'m--theri;,o::-e thnre is the ovidenco of RI1 that there 'JtaS a fic;ht botvJGcm the cloc0nceu ar.u the accu::;0:1, I'hus the stabbinc; bok place in the .cou::-so o::: a f~_:5ht after b1'5th fichters hacl sp~nt thlroe ~.om"s in the t:fte:rnoon c::•·' :?Jz:i 11,i:; I)ombe.., 0 ;:in the authority of the Court of i .. ppec.l decioion. :in. thG ro~(:mt caGo of JUI~li;. Gi!DRGG SIMON TIM)ULU v R, Cdrnino.J. i,;~1)eai Ploo ·27 of J!.991 (urnroportoc1) this is an ac1ditional rennon for ro1.1ucin3 thG rdUi 13 froc r.mrder to manslaughter., . li.ccoirrJincly

I find th0 ncc...r:coc1 cuil t:r of nansl2!.ll5htcr and convict Mr, 2;no ,.. ~ho nccnsoc.·, is a ffrst offender., Uo has been in custody foll" 16 months now., ':::he accl~G:;,rJ 1Iillcc1 tho c"tocea::;oc1 while drunk and in th0 course oi n fi~ht., The accusod hao a. heart c.1iocnsc.. H0 has four· children depending on hino t1/••• I!<! . :S2IfJL'sNC2 :[ have taEmn into account the mitif,atins , • O 0 cil"Cur,1sta~1cc::; in thic cc,Ge o.specinHy the fact t:1nt tho accusoc~ ic n firct of:fon.Jor DJKi :i~c b0en in cuotocly for ooae 16 oonths. t I .:r.1 aILco n:i.nc1f,:7. of the fact. that he took J '1 away a nr.n I s ].ii'o o tnko his concinbino ond live 1:1ith ho:..•,, 'l'his is 8. flimsJ rcnson for this I thinll..: a pdcon .sontence of :?iftoen yoair:: will r:ieet tho justicic of the cituationo 0 .C.> 0 0 ••