Tanzania Judgment

TZHC

nangale others vs kasulwa others 1998 tzhc 16 16 november 1998

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The article published was defamatory and false, lowering the plaintiffs' reputation and affecting their business. Plaintiffs are entitled to damages and costs.

Court disposition

judgment for plaintiffs

Orders

  • Plaintiffs awarded a lump sum of Tanzanian Shillings 20,000,000 as damages
  • Interest to be paid at the ruling bank rate from the date of publication
  • Defendants to pay costs

02

Material facts

Parties

Mr. George Nangale

Plaintiff

Mrs. Nangale

Plaintiff

Byamzuia Original Tanzania Ltd t/a Links Training Centre

Plaintiff

Sam Kasulwa

Defendant

Jim Godwin

Defendant

Editor The Express Media Holding (T) Ltd

Defendant

National Newspaper Ltd

Defendant

Amounts and remedies

  • Damages Awarded: TZS 20,000,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Civil / Final Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Plaintiffs argued the article published was defamatory, false, and lowered their reputation, affecting their business and standing in society. They claimed substantial damages and interest.
Respondent
Defendants failed to file a written statement of defence and did not contest the claims.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Common law principles of defamation

    Defamatory publication lowers reputation and affects business standing; damages may be awarded for injury to reputation.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The article published was defamatory and false, lowering the plaintiffs' reputation and affecting their business. Plaintiffs are entitled to damages and costs.

Obiter and limits

  • Interest claimed at 40% was not established and should be at the ruling bank rate.
  • Plaintiffs' business potential and reputation were not fully proven for all plaintiffs except the 1st plaintiff.

Court disposition

judgment for plaintiffs

  • Plaintiffs awarded a lump sum of Tanzanian Shillings 20,000,000 as damages
  • Interest to be paid at the ruling bank rate from the date of publication
  • Defendants to pay costs

Source and reliance status

TZHC · 16 November 1998

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Source document

TZHC

Judgment· 16 November 1998

nangale others vs kasulwa others 1998 tzhc 16 16 november 1998

iINTHEHIGH COURT OF TAN~ANTA DAR ES ~AtAAH DISTRICT REGISTRY J A.T_P ~E....I~_BA r AA~ I CI'VIfJ C~~E NO. 141 OF1 C)98 MR. GEORGE NANGAtE ANO{;'2 OTHF.RS PLAINTTFF VERSlJ~~ SAM KASULWA AND 4 OTHERS DRFF.NDANTS ~T'!J JLr; Ii: ~LJ\ N.5 ,-.,",,- J{"I!F~m;;v A1-L'J. "i'*:"~.::.:··"'':' ~~ >:. i -''''' . .. ~- ,.;'_:).~~~~.;;: Thr'! ti1t' plaint i f fs .. Nangtile (1 s t p 1 i'li nl jf f ), Mrs. Nangn 1e 7.. G. (?nd~}laintiff and')Jy;mzuia origln~~ TFln7.anli'l Lt.d t\i'l Links Trninin'J Centre (3rcl plaint.iff) sued jointly find l4everillJy .. SAlII ~t; 'l{rlSllkWfl. Jfm Gndw.in .. Editor Thet:xprps:-~: Hedii'l Holding ('1') Lid Rn~ RAt ional New~paper ttd (1st ~5t.h DefendRnts respertively' for de flll1at~on, In i mtngamong others .. "(,1) Damages of Shilling A 500,000,000/= (h) Int.erest on (a) at. 40%/pel ilnnUIn fr'OI1\ M;!rTh 'lqcj7 h) the .dat.e«:)f jU,dgement. '\ Interest on'·thede(~retitJ slim at COllt't rn t.A fnHn cl;:ltp. of 'judgement.untiJ. pilyment. in full". '{'hA defpndant.s havinqfailed to file their vll'ittpn r,,1ill.f'IlHHlt of de f encf'~ (thouah'serJ~d)'!~he olaint iff s Wp r'e i'l11owed to prOVf-' t.heir ('lil~ms e:p;tte/,by'~£fi(1~vit IIPlIce flIp ~)respnt jllclgelllPrl1 ~~;';i:: ':"j' ~:,~'-J-".:l i"'/ Tn Hllpport 6f theirO"elairnB plaint iff S\llllllil.tf~(l two i'l f fi di'lv it g deponed b~ t~t:ila.nfl ?nd p 1;'1 i n t. if f f->. Tn I lit'!it· pI rd n

I ~-,<;~~,:" \ ,;,\\','.:." j'hp plaintiff clc:1imedth~Con ,-,;,-.;'" or/.al)()llt ?Olh FHhnliHy 1997 i-ll pages 1 And 2 of "the' F.~~resstl i;ssup No . ..tor, TSSN ORSh- :iQR'1", and sever·ally. ;-'_:,; fill :.;(.\1 If ilnd IHA 1 i ('i OilS 1y pn'parell for publication, edited, printed ;;n;1 ('ire'lllnled nn "rticle pntitled: "Ovnr f~,000 lured 'i~f,' .' :~fH~konl"', 'sh ill i nqq wi SA: POIHI<] as,~rJonllon f nolf~h' and whose:;'i¢ontent~, among () I hers rlln ;'if) Ilnder, "H\llH~rE!ld;of young Tat:!zat1;~ns;an~ n .•porl p<ny fnll ing for ll1rA elf hetter future ptont:fitiJ!d by eomputHl MHl hw'{inesl'; l';tllrlieR in Britain. But once '~e, they gel t hf'! lpels! 11H"Y b,lrgained for".. Thp conspiracy Rllege revo]vAs ilt/lund ri TiHl7.dni;-lll (",)1mle, identified as';,' and Mn..;. H1lioi'llH: \'111(1 rll11 ..., ~,illdent placement pro~itamme in DAr p~; 8nlnnlll on IJehalf of " berkshir'e based Comp"er training institute, lhe fllt.lln~ Rlu..;i.ness College". The re]p'/ant, article is Ann, toithe plajltt. The p1;1inl iff (~lp1\1lt lhrlt. "tlH~ tendt', content, ma rbf hea(l1ng ,1ncl pOl';ition in the .~, , ·"Xi:';· newspaper' i'lS ~~l as its acc anying C:nrtn()nl(~ 11Apict ion clpiHly .>''''$~ " i tld icatR lOali.d'~" aimed' at por in i nnlllendo iHlll by ::~f;,t~{· " j\lxtnposition)~fthe plaintiff s sd')ertlprR, (Tilllinnls, ;,""'! c:onSp j r Al ors /t~'V i 1 ,doers I y,

pprjllred .. swi 11(11Ars who ;HP ;<~,~~rc lInf it to hold\~1tny responsib fficA as well rlS irll~rlpi'ihle of ,;<.". '." carry] n~l out ?! thfdr "duties "an 'phjects as cOl1f"inp.ll in UIP-ir .. IllPJnor'and, of ASROCiatton 1.it;l,d f thA hnnf,::t melllhArR 'of their I hAy d; :::;,H~SOC i ate d illlliH] f> S t 0 m;:Jkp. good t.he of thpir ni'lllleR which stnnd LHn 1 Shf~d. \ Havin plninl am] i 1.s iHHlAXLllreR: t.hereof the court 1s of is defAIllAtory and false. al r Aady qlloLe<l above: and paint the pli'lintiffs, at the least I a::; nts to part with their money for sHrvices wh istpnt or lH'!low the Rli'lndi'lrds requj r~c1 find expect.ed. And t.hi f> can furl het hp c1~fWPtnpd f 1-0111 other f)'X('prpts of t.hat article which run "R II1HlfH, "The Na~gales and.the.~ ..goll~?e i~re ch;:Il':J i IIg the i r B tudentR 1()OO ~terling (.+.6':W:i.lli~h) in tuition fees per year, hut the G60d samar(t~n";iwear£~that the highest a cornputer :~:''.'-, ~-',' -;,~'. :---;~r:::::'&:.:-'~~,~:"~-);-' t li'lining centre?~can:charge anywherei n the 11K is 700 sterling (700,000/=) a year. At thi'lt, what theifhest comput.er school ('hArge for a year's course of inst.ruction is exactly what the N,ll1gAlp.s chrlrge a sin<,1le proRpective st.udent hConslIltation fee" fl 1 0 n e. . . . ..••••..•.•.. :·f ••• NAngale jHl(l~lfe ~hrOU~h links trAining centre JI(J11sed in a single

studi'rJ:!at :r~t'~;':~t_ -,:~t~:;; the slbo- - :' ~tfalong ~,\\~,t\i~:i Rihi Tit i Jv1ohAnH~cl ROAd hoast of heingahle to~proV traj ning oppot turd t. i eR i'lrHl jobs in ,-<:" ~:,y ';;';" ,~; • -.'.;,jo.~ ~h Clei1rly, from',theabov., l~int iffs lAst eem find reRl'ed", i'llllong _~ _ :)j' (.'_/:i::,,';)~:<',_ '.'''':/ .?fj,.-, the ordl tli1rYJ'memhers 0.£' OU.r c~ety must hi1v(~ been lowerecl wi th a consequence 6f:'being ~Wun~~' aw~y for be ing In inted with unreliable, dubious ~~d Jh tlstworthy ,.,:.: ,/:J~}'.7 char;lcteristics let alone heing looked upon as c$nmen\~Fl()wing from thnt, thei rhus; neRS t~~_>_ - _;::~!:"~,' c' would ni'ltllral1y have b"een affected for no pntentii'\l RtllClent. W0111d , ,-:~r~;~~Jj;".,~:;~Z,~ ngnin rif;k dealing wi cl1lir of the ;Hlvert.iRec1 type. 'fhi'll Rettle(l, .ne what should he rewnroed i'lsrecom~e:~~ face and hll~ineRH. 'fhe p 1 a 1 nt iff s claim.$,OOi 1. from TntereF\t. 'fhe gentlemen ::_'_-_~ "';.'( ,';~:' ';':':~-~~~_~t- f1SReFlROn~ hayee' 18 n<;l vi flWS in Un'lIls of qlli~nl.lllll. 1,--;,':/,,' 25111. 'T'tlf~Y hrwe A.ll exprflssell j ffR I t;:n ni F\hecl nAlIle deserve T have carflfully considered;l;fthpjr view~; ;HId weighed the Silffie with t.he :;tatus of the Plaintift~! the pot.PIII ii'll iTI bllRinesR and t hp exten f of. the are~ ~overed ~!lahe sa j rl elf' f rlm,dory pUb 1 i r.n t j on ,:'~' ;,>'" ':,:,{:',':,

,3g:~tf'-":, iHHl T ht'lv!~ come t.o settle on a tJi:gure Romehow "./~' "~;"':,,:-:t below the propOR it ions opined by thegent: i~men asseSSfl n~, • ' ;io-~:·;";·:" :';.:< No dnubt},;,lhe is p i f£~;is a person of sounrl stat.IIR iJR portlayed in his affid~v a holder of a first degrPH in l\grir.ultur'al Engineering, master of scipncp de<;.lree in renewahle Energy and Master of Business administrrJtiorl, a Technical MrHlnger in F.qllity Tnvest.ment Management. Ltd .. Memher ()f Rn;:nd of Directors of '1'TB, ,"lnrl had held various key positions .. in 1Il1lnja Wrl VijnllA (CCM), Ki lombero Sugar coy, Director of t.hA~ld plaintiff) hilt his hrls n"t established how he reached ,it RlI,~. ?no:ooo ..OOO/= of his worthqnRs.').part from the Fla!d 1F1t Plai"l iff: th~ ?nd and 1fd plaintiff~..; have not been sufficiently pr'ovp!J 10 havp. rt rpknowll fOCdl rltt t',Jetion both locally and internalin1!;'lll,! if we put' asidA t he link in business which WI'1SSUbjf'Ct. of t hp al t rwk hy I hI" t("levAnt 1 ihellolls article. Neither was evidHrlCe slJfficifHltly pstfiblish,~<1 whi.ch show thflt the~3rd plrlinliff hi-l~; '(J~;I hllHinpss pntrmtifll to fl tune of shs. 15Q,OOO:OOO/= ('lrliH1r~tl ;'lS PI'H af f jdavi t find so is the CAse ?nd Defend,nlf'. A1] in a 11 , ! am sat i ~f at the daflli~ge call Red by I,he Jibellbus flrticle to all the p 1a j n ti f f f; r:fl n })f! At. () n An b y

fl 1 i her-I'll Sllll1 to. a tune :0£ on sh ill i ngR wit i ch .i s hereby aWflrded. AR observed by asseSRur:.:; tliA plrlint.iffs are fllRO Antitl,dto commenr:i n9 from th8 d1ite when t.he defamat.ory art.ic 1ished blll la! hAf' fn)1Tl the (1 fl t. e not 40% AS ('l.lilll~d (whose basis WflR not established) ld be at Ihp nlling Rank rAtA. Judgement is enter'ed in favour of t.he plaintiffs in t.llP. terms AS indi~ated i'lhovewith costs. t.. R. KalegeY(3) ,JUDGE- 1fi\11 \q8 neJivere~ in the presence 0 the plaintiffs (1st i3nd ?n~) And Mr. Ki'llolo, today the 16th November, 1.998. AT DAR E8 8ALAAM.:~c/ B. KaJegeya) ',2.tILliQ.Y. f) mpo r'f,i' 1995 xtVT2BJ';'

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Assessor's report 1995 XT VT2BJ

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