19921221 TZHC Dar es Salaam

. ..:..T D.::.;.~ ::s S.:..L..".JJi 37 OF 1906 Ci.1.IliliT.i.L .;.:.:'l¼Ji !JO., o:;.nGJJL.L C:.IEilt:L CS:ill 1~0«, 442 ~F 1934 OF Ti::J DIST...TICT COU...1T OF KIVUK01U D:STIITCT ..::..T ILi'...LL IIJTI'O:..."J Lo !JL:":.SOL..'TL DIST;~r:;T H.:..GIST...L'filo ) DIJ? o o ,o o • o o (I o • • • o o o o a• o o " o o o a o o o o.i.-s. l ~J.\:"T v:L.lliDS JUDGnJJlTT !™..iJg ., .. TltlS is r:.n r.2.):()0'..'J. ., ·-- tJ.lc the o:rdCZ' o-fl ccq_ui tt.:-J.. cf tho Dist:1.~ict Court of Il·:J.c, d Kivuk:o:u.. Tho rcspondc11.t ;.:;,n.,_·.1..,--;__,_::,.~ CL ...:..-:.I is 2. motor mcc: 1.r.;nic ,r:].o owns c, GO.Xe.go. In july 1983 he r.ccc;-:-Cd ,-,'1d "!ico:-c 1 to :J-.;11.1~;i1uol :M,,.ungt,1(?lTI) • .I u{tt. st8o.Eng bj; ::.-,gent c/s 273 of the Pcn2,l Coc".c. 'I~:.o 1)c.rt:.c-dc.rs of offc11oq in w::.1ich tl10 stolon i toms arc list cd ~-=-cci.s 11.-0 ~I c, S}?c...rc pc.r t s s~'J.osmc..n t s oc,t cloguc4 It is better reproduced in fL,.J.li- ttThr,t ..:..J:ID•... .L::.:.:·~ s/ o Oi-'L.'..:..--..I ct.,::;.:-goC: en t;.::o cl~,2' of Jv.l~r, 1983 o.t about 11 oOO lu.~so 2..t · Ecnzosel( o..:cor,, wi t::in tl~o Kinond.oni D:ibstrict, Dr..r cs Sr,lc.,[',la°~J.ecior'-)- c,::.d stoc-,1 t:10 followi1t.3 I e.rticloss- Q•o,;,1.1.cshn.ft vri tI:. i-ts 'uoc..::..~ings, Flywheel Stc.1.~torring ., · gcai·, olutc.:c p:i:'css1-"!.Y'c ui t:1 its elute~: pl:·,te, rclcc-.s·c boc,::-ing, , sleeve

o~-li:;.1c.'.m.• ui tb. i -i;::; iTi t~~r2.:r-c~: : =''7; "2~_stribu.tor coraplei;e with its yluc; wires, out ov.t con~:1·ollc:-~ Gc2.l'.' cover, Goe Lovory T:'u.cl Pt~:TJ? 000::lo·co~ solonoi.d st~..:ctcr switch reln.yf coil,. w0,tor covm~ 1-ri t;_,. its ho~o· pipos, ch:tc:!. s:75tm.i ( ooroploto), Hyd..7.'c:nlic ~:r.':_-;.:c s:-stera coDJ.)lcte, p:i.'OUS1.1I'O rcgu].2,ting_ vr-.J.vo, nia.stor c:-1i..1clor', J.)iston nov:os 1 rcsc:.-rvoi:t' ~ Sctro' Unit, Fluid rcscrv0i:r, :'isto11 ;:io-.ros~ '.):i.:::ed. vc-,liro, ~.:;:_• 'l~e tube's, 1:,t-cko diso with its friction pc.c..£~ Jroc.k ~i.o:rsc :.;,o,r::i:i:', compicto stec-.tlt,g Syst co, t1,-:::, t3~'0::i w:_ t:::. ·:;-'--."'..:.-:s c,:1c-:_ its ::.~e::-~·u:; j two wheel boo.rings, shock (·-,~1so:i:->J::.:-s one p2.ir_, con?}ctc cr.r wirings~ fuel tu"tos, Girling, drum 1:,rrJ.;:cs l)I'o:;_)ollor s::t..ft ?0,:1::.:,leto uit:i its cross joints, c~icrs_, str..rtCZ't DrnODo~ Zorn c:-.nc: its roic:r c,11 vcJ.ued e,t shs. 50,00~/.Y , being :p;:-.;rts of t:ic motor vo;.:iolc roGisti'dion Ho., TDG 657 For9- .Dortinc. ll:1"k Scloon 1r~1icl: wns cnT-1"1..1.Stod ~,o _him by ono I1um:.nuol•_s/o ~ 7 0HGU for rcpcir.o u t I . 'I .. ,:.±'tor hcc,.xing 1x,t:_-. -t::io prosecution me. dofonco oc..sos the loc:i:.-1.od l>ist1'iot Mc.gistrato :fou:."ld b.i.Llsolf in whc.t eppoc..:..--s to 1)o 0, dilemma., ho did not lmow which siclo to l)oliovo

~)o'tvrnon tho om1or of the cox, whom ho oo..llod. "the victim 11 c..nd tho c,ccusod., Tltls is how l10 e,:;;,:iro2,c~1od t:1.0 problems 11 Fron tho ov:i.c"'..enco c.~)O:VO it is ov:i.dent t~1d tho. o.,ocusod recoivocl tl:..o 1,1otor ve'.:~.clc of tho vict:'.::1 for :rope-ix. It is also evident tl1c,t -'.;o tils court tho s::-.id- motor vohiolo Thero wcs t'J.1 c..~--cenont botwee11 tho accused. c:.11.d ~::.o vict.2-m to hc,vo the cc.:r :;,.•o:}c.:i.rod not spao:i:f'ying tho le.;.:;--·::. .} ., -;,__ ,(; :.. ~ wm:.::..c:. -~~.;,{:c to c.<; ";:.:e work. Nci t:.1.or was the cost .:2 -:::·.c ~c;:-, ::::?cl:m-: of, ·~:c:ro io ~o"t writto11; · ovidonoe rcgc..1.·dil:c r-..n~r.,:::.n::: in ·:;:·.c w~:.·_;J.o ..1J:.•c.:1s:.~c-tion. It would hc;vo boon more :p:;:-opc:i.'.'. Cl1G. cf rr_,:0:1 l:ol? fo -t~:.is coc:-t if it wc.s rac..do a:x:plicit thc,t · t~1e r.,cct·sJod :i:.'uooivod. t.:o r.10-tc:i:' vo:iiclo in c. cc:;.-t.-J.in oondition c..ccn:i.sod.~ -t:.:.:Ls cow..··t hes 'l'Tl'..1.'l'.loC:. i tsclf oi tho denser of oo,wioting on a.ccusod :i.'ol:-in3 en solo :-rosocu-tion v:i.t1oss~ 11 It would 0,ppcn.r thc.t t~w dilo::1mc:. f;,::::.:.:1c ~ho lc:-i"'l.1oc".. trio.]. m2.t,"istrc.to m-iscs frfJm the f.c,ct tl1et -t:~.o:i:'c is not~1in.:; ix:. -in-:. tine roc;c..-:.•di11g whet w::.-.s o_cood by tho pe:xtics e:.11.d souo of t:10 important- t:uncs to ~Jo 2-(y:'cod sue~:.. as

V10 durr.tion of tha Tope.::..~ ~'lcl t:1e cost o::: ro:::,c.:i.:!'.' llc..c. no+. boon nc:r-ced bJr the J patios to the c.s:;:-eo:.1o;.1i;. :'..i'ro,:i V:,o ovidc:100 it uo1·J.c;_ c:pyo2.I' tlmt ·::::.c e..ccuscd a.nd the rwnc:i.· o1 .t;.10 cc.r wore Gloso f::-ic:.1C.~ who were oo~·mt with an informn.J. wc.3r of do:tnc t::iin.:,z ;..i.1G. it is t::ct i:.-.::.'.J:~racl:;.ty wh:L~:i. J_J!'CV't',ilod whon the car wc.s tc·::0:1 fo:? ro:,c.:.::'o r:r,:,.o lo.::rnoc:. -~::-i.::-2 nc,gisiTc,to k:d only tho w0,y out :i.n tho si·~-._1,.dion i; u:::i.c:1 l;.o fo1-mc.. ~:.ir.1solfs mt.kc r. t1.ioro-qgh .. ovaluation o:f the ovidonoo c:c.d r,c sosc ·!;!10 '}Z'odibility of cccJ.1 of tho eontosting :pn.rtics (i.e. t~1e 011111:- of t::o cc~ c;::..c. -~:.10 oocusod) ::-.s well as their wi tnossoc · so r.c to :)0:-.10 to ~ d::cision on::- 1·m:· or tho otno:r, ik.,_,thcr than do this he morel:~ lo,,7.c:-r.·~cc' ~.~ .,The vict:..::.:s s-tor:· iG ::-':lr,;30nc::.:L) c..112 t.:.io 0ourt is hosi tont to refuse it s:i.d::..l1G witl: tho 2.ocusocl. thc.t l1e rocoivod it in jl:ie wny it wc:-z soon b~~ t~:2 001--::ct c,t the U::-c..fiki ~'olico St2,t:i.on. ,This , is bocnuso t;ie cm· ._-,s soon :::-.t t~io ~ olico jtc.tion cannot bo said , a. car to bo :t'o::_:,o.irod..; I-: wf3,s a sc:rnp -totally4 ,.,,,~of:r T'.w.o o.,cc:-..u:;oi:l 1s defonco clso ·o-.ci.ncss so.mo (;L'ounds ta be t.bm,l6b.t in the,t

hnd. t?.:i.e moto:r vehicle boon sent there for onl3r one dofoct 1 it co·,.,,J.c'\n 1 t ::c..vo kkon so lone to be repaired., .:.. steering k.:'.cc q1..1...i. to few dc,:'B to 1Jo no:rkect on unless there 2ro 1,c,~.sons to 00 [;'iY<m o,.c., tl1,,t c, sp2:ro pn.rt hn.d to bo looked for." lfith this co11f'licting siti..:dion tllTI'osolv-od tt,c lcr'J:':1od tricl mc,gistrat0 0 chose to ~ on tllo side of tho -.Jl(;ols 8.J.'.ld scJ.d~- In reality oj_t1.1or sid.o could ~)c tollinc; tho t:.:-utl1 for tho roe.sons e;':i.von cbo-veo In tho present circumsk.ncos it is· 10 thcrof ore d.i:ffict,J. t to conVict tho e,ccv.sod tho ccr: dinoJ. lcstf being thc.t dou1)ts be inf c,vour of ncot.1.Scc1.. E:o is c.cco:i:'dingly f oux1d not G"l..1ilt;r 2..nd ooqui ttod. Tllo Victim could. sock his right in c, c:1.vil c,ction if ho so wills .. 11 1:..t tho hem-inc of t:1j_s c.p:,od I r.J.lowcd Wt.•. Sonc;v.ji, ],oc...r.--nod State 1:..tternoy, to procoocl with t:'.,.o c~:.i?od e:Qo.rto r:.B t:10 respondent :w.::-.s duly served but chose not to c,ppo~~ lh:-·• S0I1t;;."'U.ji su~:ii.ilittod thc.t there is ample evidence thc;t t:,.o respondent r6coivod e, notor vehicle wit°l;. all Its mcchr.micc,l pq;rts c..;.1a. l)ointod to tho ovidonco of ?J.r, x'!-T2 I'lT3 cJ'Jd l?W4 e.s showing the,t the i;1o_to1" vc~iclo hr..d. c. dcf~)ctivo steering wheel only 20 when tho respondent 1·oocivcd it. 1-lhon trJki11.g

c,bout tho trfo.l mc.:.:.,i.st:rato 1 s roluctanec to convict on tho oviclcnco of r, 8ole ·witnoss Mr. Sonf,"1.'.ji '' submittcd that tho 111.'!.!111)0;.., of ui tnosscs is i:nrr,toricl encl thc,t ·t:-1.0 important thing is foi, tho cou,":'t to ')01.iOVo tl10 testimony of tho witness ., n.na. c:.et en it • ii'itll duo respect to Mr. Scne,uji this is oxc,ctly whd tho loc.:."llod trial • •♦ -:t 0 ,ilc':.u. 11U'.gl.S14.1.·c:, ,A f :ilcd. to do f ~ -,.0 lllw') . ' . t2P ---~ .'.'10 •JCCJ,SJ.cm,' ' "., "lit,;/ 0.f "'J.1.0 ~0Ci.J.U1 witnesses end ns tl-:. 0 i:w.ssc;goG · roprodv.cocl c::iovo D.111,11y demonstrate tho lor~od trirJ. ma.gistrdc found 11 cit:.10::;:- side could ~)o toll:µig tho trt.1.t1111 • It scoms to me thr.-,t tho lo,".'Z'loci trial 1::ic-,c;istrc-,to 1:i.r:s c,bdicr-.tod hio 30 rcspon:si bility wi'1~ tlic rosul t t:::,:·t his jUdcpont is no_ jUd&l1lcnt r.t oJ.l sineo , he. never rocll;,,- : ,decided t~,.o cont,.;:::; tod. i,12.toric.J. , issues <if . feet a • · l\ilr, Scnguji coneludcc1. :i::.s su~:.,TI:.::isions ~~;r u:.,,:;:~;:;.c; ::io ta d.low t.hc Oj_)i)cal sot .Mido tho order of c.cq_P.i tt::-,1 ~..nd c::.j:('-.-ict t:._.-, :-.)pollc..nt. Wi-bh respect~ I f:i.110. mys0~i Ul.'lc~:l.:: -to C:o :::'.) ::-.s I h0,VC not hnd tho 2,,dvru"ltc.go of socine; r.:na. Lo:-..:::.'..:1e, t~:o w:l.tn.:..nsc;:;j ~ .:1c3. this is not n co.so :i.n w:'lioh tho first

c.p::_;ollr.to cot'.:;t cc.J.'l ',:,o in c-.s ,;ood r. positio;.'l c..s tll.c , trie:J. ootU"t in ovr:J.1..ic,t:i.113 the "Widonco 2.11d, come to conclusion 011 tho orcdi bility of w:i. tnos sea. T;.:o Cou.rt of ,:..J??Od wr-.s fr.cod with c. noc.t'ly SimilO.t' sitv.c.tion· in t;.~.c oc~o vf S~i~~US ;u-G.."..Jl'.. IUUSU1L .am T.::J NITO.if?JJ:Y <m::r.--..:~ V ITL.'...~~ K.:.J]U"T.·J ( 1982) TL.l 33$, .. Musk.f2,_j· • .:._. in dolivo::>:i.ncs tho jud©nent of ~ho oot:rt snid:- " fl'ITO 'Al.<f:V<.:i 001':i.OUS~1>r 0Qji3iO.Cl-,.°'Cl ~ ~1'0 OOl~d. r-..esooe the ovid011,0c of t]1e wi tnessos from t_:-:..e typed rocorde . We however. ~--e ~f the· View tl:int ip is not possi blo to '•; ' do so .. :Jo do ;1ot hc.vo tho opport~tJ-. of .sbe~..g. _c.1,a. hom-ing tho wi tno.SSOSo Tho t:;,.,:t.c.1 judge shot;(LdJic~vo ·ov.clue..ted the evido11co of 02..c::. of the wi~nessos, :.a:isossed theh- c:redi1Jilit: · r.:aa. w2,cle 2, finding on this' ~e~_:qpsted f2,cts in ~ssu.eo Tio c"..:;_cl not do. so. In some cc.sos nn a,:ppocl cou:c,t cc.:.1 'bo . in ~:.s uood c; po·:;3i·hon .2,S .c, t1.. icl 001.:ii-t in evc,hu:1ting • • '•1 tl:i.p 9.vidcnoo of wi tnessos, but this is not ·one of tlloso instC'..11coso :.Io !.l..."..VO thorofo.:i:'c .no ro1crve.«i nmtc:rin.l b~l5i.. o us to "be.so r..n:, fincling." In tl1:--,t 02..so t:. ,o 0011.,:,t of .::ppo,:Q fol t cons;t~.:-aj.nod to ordoJ:> a. z-ctrinl in

view of the diffict!l.tios <'.11d the costs irrvolvcd foi- the 1x-xtios ooncQ:'ncd. I also soc t:la diffioultiOQ in~vcd in hc~vinG -to c;o t;.u-ough tho tricJ. ill this C,'.",So, -:Jut c.s _t'his _is e. o:riminc·:l cr4Q tho dcmc.nds of justice ere hea.vieI'• "It is bott.qr thd 2. hunch'cd ( al' is it ninoty;...ninc?) guilty :paopic~ go f;~OOj;_-t;.·ac:;.:. :1:-,V_Q_.0)1e .. Ul!l~QQPLi{!..·\n-·go_;_,t(} .jail.::~ Tl.us s2,ying is 21;s vclj,d todc.y .'.",S it wr,s thir.tY'.:Y.cr.rs f:,g-p• .L.e,cordingl3r I qur1:ih tho _p:roooc<Ungs c.11d dl tho _o:cd.ors mc.dP t,hc:;... oui'ldor end ~~-~1c:r tlmt tho rcepondcnt· .bo t:.,;.od do novo "before :~~tl1,Qr· mo,gistr2:t;c of coEipotcnt jurisdiction. 21. 12.92 · .. Coro..w-J:.Jku.a.o·, J lh:-o l\-11-rcn{iolr, S/:.. f o;;;- .:.:2:i_)olJ,2.11+= .. t ~csponacnt absent ... , ·. ·. ,., ......... I