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Tanzania Judgment

TZHC

tausi masudi vs musa ally others 2023 tzhc 22899 4 agosti 2023

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01

Holding and result

The conviction and sentence against respondent 1 were invalid because the Primary Court judge failed to follow the statutory requirement to base decisions on the majority opinion of court assessors, which indicated all accused were not guilty. The evidence presented, particularly the PF3 form, was inconsistent and lacked credibility, further undermining the prosecution's case.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed

Orders

  • Judgments of the Primary Court and District Court are quashed and set aside.
  • Right of further appeal explained.

02

Material facts

Parties

Tausi Masudi

Applicant

Mussa Ally

Respondent 1

Tingi Ally

Respondent 2

Tatu Jumanne

Respondent 3

Amounts and remedies

  • Fine Imposed on Respondent 1: TZS 200,000
  • Compensation Ordered to Applicant: TZS 50,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Final Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Applicant argued that the lower courts erred in acquitting respondents 2 and 3 and in imposing a lenient sentence and compensation on respondent 1, given the seriousness of the assault and evidence of joint action.
Respondent
Respondents did not appear or submit arguments in the High Court appeal.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Section 7(1) and (2) of the Magistrates' Courts Act, Cap 11 [R.E 2019]

    Decisions in the Primary Court must be made with the participation and majority opinion of court assessors.

  2. 02

    General principles of criminal evidence

    Evidence must be consistent and credible to support a conviction.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The conviction and sentence against respondent 1 were invalid because the Primary Court judge failed to follow the statutory requirement to base decisions on the majority opinion of court assessors, which indicated all accused were not guilty. The evidence presented, particularly the PF3 form, was inconsistent and lacked credibility, further undermining the prosecution's case.

Obiter and limits

  • The court noted surprise that lower court judges failed to notice inconsistencies in the evidence and procedural errors.
  • The court emphasized the importance of following statutory procedures in decision-making, especially regarding the role of assessors in Primary Courts.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed

  • Judgments of the Primary Court and District Court are quashed and set aside.
  • Right of further appeal explained.

Source and reliance status

TZHC · 1 January 2023

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

TZHC

Judgment· 1 January 2023

tausi masudi vs musa ally others 2023 tzhc 22899 4 agosti 2023

KATIKA MAHAKAMA KUU YA TANZANIA

KANDA YA TABORA RUFAA YA JINAI NAMBA 1 YA 2022 (Inatokana na shauri la Awali la Jinai Namba 19/2021 katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo Isevya na shauri la Rufaa No. 04 la 2021 katika Mahakama ya Wiiaya Tabora) TAUSI MASUDI............. —-....... —------ ------ MWOMBA RUFAA

DHIDIYA MUSSA ALLY----------------------------------- MJIBU RUFAA WA 1 TINGI ALLY................ ................................. MJIBU RUFAA WA 2 TATU JUMANNE...........................................MJIBU RUFAA WA 3

HUKUMU Date: 17/07/2023 & 04/08/2023 BAH ATI SALEM A, J.: Wajibu rufaa tajwa hapo juu Mussa Ally, Tingi Ally na Tatu Jumanne walishitakiwa katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo Isevya mjini Tabora wakikabiliwa na shitaka moja la Shambulio la kudhuru mwili dhidi ya kifungu namba 241 cha Kanuni ya Adhabu Sura ya 16 iliyorejelewa mwaka 2019. Katika maelezo ya kosa kwa mujibu wa hati ya mashtaka ilielezwa kuwa, mnamo tarehe 12/01/2021 majira ya saa 07:00hrs huko maeneo ya Lusange Kata ya Ntalikwa Manispaa ya Tabora kwa makusudi na bila halali washtakiwa wote watatu walimshambulia Tausi Masudi kwa kumpiga na fimbo maeneo mbalimbali ya mwili wake na kumsababishia maumivu makali huku wakijua kufanya hivyo ni kosa na kinyume na sheria. i Washtakiwa waliposomewa shitaka wote walikana ndipo shauri liliposikilizwa na baadae mjibu rufaa wa 1 alipatikana na hatia kisha kuhukumiwa kulipa faini ya shilingi za kitanzania laki mbili (200,000/=) au kifungo cha miezi 6 gerezani endapo atashindwa kulipa faini; pia Mahakama ilimwamuru mjibu rufaa namba 1 kumlipa mwomba rufaa fidia ya shilingi za kitanzania elfu Hamsini (50,000/=) ikiwa ni gharama alizotumia katika matibabu. Mwomba rufaa hakuridhika na uamuzi huo wa Mahakama hivyo aiikata rufaa katika Mahakama ya wilaya kupitia Shauri la rufaa Namba 4/2021 akipinga kuachiliwa huru kwa mjibu rufaa namba 2 na namba 3 na pia alipinga adhabu iliyotolewa kwa mjibu

rufaa namba 1 kuwa ni ndogo ukilinganisha na ukubwa wa kosa alilolitenda. Shauri la rufaa katika Mahakama ya Wilaya lilisikilizwa na baada ya Mheshimiwa Hakimu kupitia nyaraka zilizowasilishwa katika shauri la awali aligundua kwamba Kielelezo Al ambayo ni Fomu ya Polisi namba 3 (PF3) ilijazwa tarehe tofauti na tarehe ya siku ambayo ilisemekana kuwa mwomba rufaa alifikishwa hospitali kufanyiwa ukaguzi wa kitabibu. Ulikuwa ni msimamo wa Hakimu kuwa tofauti hiyo ilitia Mashaka katika ushahidi wa upande wa jinai hivyo kwa sababu hiyo alitupilia mbali rufaa na kuendeleza uamuzi wa Mahakama ya Mwanzo. Mwombaji bado hakuridhika na uamuzi uliotolewa na Mahakama ya Wilaya, aiikata rufaa katika Mahakama hii akieleza sababu tano zilizomfanya akate rufaa hii, alieleza: - 1. Kwamba Hakimu Mkazi alikosea kisheria na kimantiki kwa kuendeleza maamuzi ya Mahakama ya Mwanzo kuwa shitaka halikuthibitishwa dhidi ya mjibu rufaa wa 2 na wa 3. 2 2. Kwamba Mheshimiwa Hakimu alikosea kisheria kwa kutokuzingatia ushahidi kwamba tarehe 12/01/2021 washitakiwa wote kwa makusudi walimshambulia mwombaji.

3. Kwamba Hakimu Mkazi alikosea kisheria na kimantiki kwa kuendeleza adhabu ndogo na fidia ndogo ukilinganisha na madhara yaliyosababishwa na wajibu rufaa kwa makusudi.

4. Kwamba Hakimu msomi alikosea kisheria na kimantiki kwa kuwaachilia huru mjibu rufaa wa 2 na wa 3 ilhali majeraha yaliyoelezwa katika kielelezo Al yalisababishwa na washtakiwa wote watatu.

5. Kwamba Hakimu alikosea kisheria na kimantiki kwa kutokuzingatia ushahidi kwamba kulikuwa na njama kati ya washtakiwa wote watatu kama inavyoonekana katika rekodi kwamba wote walienda kwa pamoja katika eneo la tukio kutenda kosa la jinai. Ni kupitia sababu hizo mwombaji anaiomba Mahakama itupilie maamuzi ya Mahakama mbili za chini kuhusiana na kuachiliwa huru kwa wajibu rufaa namba 2 na 3 kisha kuwapata na hatia kwa mujibu wa shitaka waliloshitakiwa nalo; pia anaiomba Mahakama iongeze adhabu iliyotolewa kwa mjibu rufaa namba 1 ikiwa ni pamoja na nyongeza ya fidia iliyotolewa. Shauri hili lilipoitwa kwa ajili ya kusikilizwa mwombaji alikuwepo yeye mwenyewe na wajibu maombi wote hawakufika hivyo rufaa ilisikilizwa upande mmoja. Katika mawasilisho yake, mwombaji aliieleza Mahakama kuwa, Mahakama za chini ilikosea kwa kuamua kwamba shitaka dhidi ya wajibu rufaa namba 2 na 3 halikuthibitishwa pasi na kuacha shaka ilhali yeye 3 alilazwa hospitali na washtakiwa kukamatwa. Pia alieleza kwamba yeye alienda hospitali tarehe 15 lakini PF3 inaonesha kwamba ni tarehe 12. Mwombaji aliongeza kwamba fidia iliyoamuriwa na Mahakamani ndogo sana ukilinganisha na madhara aliyopata; pia anashangaa ni kwanini mjibu rufaa namba 2 na namba 3 waliachiliwa huru. Nikianza na hukumu iliyotolewa katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo Isevya inaonyesha kwamba msingi wa maamuzi ya mheshimiwa Hakimu ulijikita katika

Fomu ya Polisi (PF3) kwa kuzingatia maoni ya daktari, nitanukuu "kutokana na maelezo ya mlalamikaji kwamba alipoteza fahamu na kushituka saa 7 mchana akiwa hospitali Remarks za daktari anasema mlalamikaji alipata mshtuko kwenye ubongo Hiyosababisha kupoteza fahamu na maumivu yaliyotokana na shambuHo na kupata dawa za maumivu" Nimeamua kupitia Kielelezo Al ambacho ni PF3 nimeona kwamba hakionyeshi kilitolewa na kituo gani cha polisi wala, hakionyeshi namba ya lalamiko lililofunguliwa polisi na wala hakionyeshi kosa lililolalamikiwa. Pia katika mawasilisho ya mwombaji katika Mahakama hii alieleza kwamba yeye alifika hospitali tarehe 15/01/2021, maelezo hayo yanakinzana na ushahidi wake mwenyewe alioutoa katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo kwamba siku ya tukio tarehe 12/01/2021 alipoteza fahamu na kuzinduka saa saba mchana akiwa katika Hospitali ya Kitete. Tofauti zote hizi zinakifanya kielelezo Al kuwa batili na kukosa nguvu ya ushahidi kuthibitisha yale yote aliyoyaeleza mwomba rufaa. Nashangaa ni kwanini mahakimu wa ngazi zote mbili hawakuyaona makosa hayo katika rekodi za Mahakama. 4 Jambo lingine ambalo nimeliona la muhimu kuzingatiwa na Mahakama hii juu ya namna ambavyo Mahakama za Mwanzo zinatoa maamuzi yake pale zinapokaa na washauri wa Mahakama. Kifungu cha 7 (1) na (2) cha Sheria ya Mahakama za Mahakimu Sura ya 11 [R.E 2019] kama kilivyokuwa kinatumika wakati huo kilielekeza

kwamba, nitanukuu; "7(1) katika kiia mwenendo katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo, ikijumuisha utoaji wa maamuzi, Mahakama itaketi na washauri wasiopungua wawiii (2) Mambo yote katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo ikiwa ni pamoja na maamuzi katika suaia ioiote, swaia ia kuahirisha usikiiizwaji, maombi ya dhamana, suaia ia hatia au kutokuwa na hatia kwa mtuhumiwa yeyote, uamuzi wa adhabu, tathmini ya tuzo yoyote ya fedha na masuaia yoyote ambayo, iwapo kutatokea tofauti kati ya hakimu na washauri au yeyote kati yao, yataamuiiwa kwa kura ya waiio wengi kati ya mahakimu na washauri waiiopo na ikitokea kura za usawa hakimu atakuwa na kura turufu pamoja na kura yake ya awaii". Rekodi za shauri la awaii katika Mahakama ya Mwanzo zinaonyesha kwamba katika shauri hilo kulikuwa na washauri wawiii wa Mahakama na baada ya kusikiliza ushahidi wa pande zote mbili walitoa maoni yao kama ifuatavyo. Nitanukuu "Muntaz Hussein 5 Washtakiwa hawana hatia kwa sababu Mahakama Hifika kwenye eneo la tukio ambapo alipokuwa mlalamikaji anangda mbegu Mahakama Hikuta hapakuwa na dalili ya kuwa na mbegu, pia maelezo ya daktari hayakuonyesha kwamba kulikuwa na mpasuko wowote ule wa kuchuruzika damn, Hionyesha maumivu ya kawaida. Sahihiya mshauri (imesainiwa)" "Rehema John Nami naungana na mshauri mwenzangu washtakiwa hawana hatia kwa sababu mlalamikaji alieleza kuwa alikutwa anang'oa mbegu na Mahakama Hipoenda kwenye tukio

palikuwa hakuna dalili ya mbegu, pia PF3 ya daktari imeonyesha kuwa hakuna shambulio la kudhuru mwi/i Sahihiya mshauri (imesainiwa)" Kwa mujibu wa maoni yaliyotolewa na washauri wa Mahakama na kwa kuzingatia maelekezo ya sheria kama yalivyonukuliwa kutoka kifungu cha 7 cha sheria ya Mahakama za Mahakimu Sura ya 11 [R.E 2019] ni wazi kwamba maamuzi sahihi ya Mahakama yalitokana na maoni yaliyotolewa na wauri kwamba washtakiwa wote hawana hatia. Kwa kuwa uamuzi wa Hakimu ulikiuka kifungu cha 7(1) na (2) cha sheria kwa kutokuzingatia maoni ya washauri ambayo kimsingi kura 2 kati ya 3 zilizotakiwa kuamua maamuzi yale zilishauri kwamba washtakiwa wote hawana hatia. 6 Kwa msingi huo hukumu ya Mahakama ya Mwanzo iliyomtia hatiani mjibu rufaa namba 1 na kisha kumpa adhabu ilikuwa ni batili kwa sababu ilikiuka mwongozo wa sheria katika kifungu cha saba tajwa hapo juu. Kwa sababu zilizotajwa katika hukumu hii, natamka kwamba hukumu ya Mahakama ya Mwanzo na ya Mahakama ya Wilaya zinafutwa na rufaa hii inatupiliwa mbali. Haki ya kukata rufaa imeelezwa. A. BAHATI SALEMA

JAJI 04/08/2023 7

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Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Section 241 of the Penal Code, Cap 16 [R.E 2019]

Legislation

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Section 7(1) and (2) of the Magistrates' Courts Act, Cap 11 [R.E 2019]

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