19900223 TZCA Dar es Salaam1
- Citation
- 19900223 TZCA Dar es Salaam1
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Tanzania
- Court
- TZCA
- Decision
- 23 February 1990
- Posture
- Criminal Sessions Case / Appeal
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- TZCA
- Decision
- 23 February 1990
- Posture
- Criminal Sessions Case / Appeal
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The appellant's actions were not justified under the defence of property or compulsion, as the deceased was already subdued and the property was not at risk at the time of the killing. The appellant was present and participated in the assault, and there was no evidence of dissociation from the act.
Court disposition
conviction upheld
Orders
- Appellant remains convicted of murder contrary to section 196 of the Penal Code and sentenced to prison.
02
Material facts
Parties
Unnamed Appellant
AppellantUnnamed Respondent
Respondent03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Sessions Case / Appeal
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the appellant was guilty of murder contrary to section 196 of the Penal Code
- 02
Whether the defence of compulsion or defence of property was available to the appellant
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The appellant argued that he acted under compulsion and in defence of property, claiming the deceased was a thief and that the killing was justified.
- Respondent
- The respondent contended that the appellant participated in the assault and killing of the deceased, and that neither compulsion nor defence of property applied as the deceased was already subdued and the property was not in danger.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Section 17(1)(b) of the Penal Code
Defence of property does not justify killing when the threat to property has ceased.
- 02
General criminal law principles
Compulsion as a defence must be raised at trial and supported by evidence.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The appellant's actions were not justified under the defence of property or compulsion, as the deceased was already subdued and the property was not at risk at the time of the killing. The appellant was present and participated in the assault, and there was no evidence of dissociation from the act.
Obiter and limits
- The defence of compulsion was only raised late and lacked evidentiary support.
- Defence of property is not available when the property is no longer in danger.
Court disposition
conviction upheld
- Appellant remains convicted of murder contrary to section 196 of the Penal Code and sentenced to prison.
Source and reliance status
TZCA · 23 February 1990
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
TZCA
Judgment· 23 February 1990
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