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Tanzania Judgment

TZHC

19940928 TZHC Dar es Salaam

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Professional case brief

Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The court found that there was no credible evidence identifying the appellants at the time of the robbery and that the evidence on record did not support the conviction. The conviction and sentence were therefore quashed.

Court disposition

Appeal allowed. Conviction quashed. Sentence set aside.

Orders

  • Each appellant to be set at liberty unless otherwise lawfully held.

02

Material facts

Parties

Valentine Malika Paul Kawiha Montgi

Appellant

The Republic

Respondent Counsel: Mr. Naali (S/L)

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Judgment

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellants challenged the conviction and sentence on grounds including lack of proper identification and insufficient evidence linking them to the robbery.
Respondent
The respondent argued that the evidence and circumstances supported the conviction and sentence.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    General principles of criminal law

    Conviction must be based on credible identification and evidence directly linking the accused to the offence.

  2. 02

    General principles of criminal law

    Where evidence does not support the charge, conviction cannot stand.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that there was no credible evidence identifying the appellants at the time of the robbery and that the evidence on record did not support the conviction. The conviction and sentence were therefore quashed.

Court disposition

Appeal allowed. Conviction quashed. Sentence set aside.

  • Each appellant to be set at liberty unless otherwise lawfully held.

Source and reliance status

TZHC · 28 September 1994

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

TZHC

Judgment· 28 September 1994

19940928 TZHC Dar es Salaam

IN' 'EIEl m:mI CCY\J"RT CB1 TJlra3UJ,. J# DAR~. S&_: ~ CRDIDI.AL A?Pill.lu, no. 92 OF 1994 ( mm the ~'>i.nal Crimi11al CaPe Ho. 220 ~ 1994 in t14 D:i.s"U;L~-b Cou.r·~ of Ilala Disw.ot at Kivult~) 1. 2.. vAL.iill:roE M.ALIIa P.mJ.l.:]1 I(AWifill llOlTGI · • t .._,.APPf"JiI~1W I -\lIT.RSlJ"S TJiill Rill"JDLIC J U D G I.I Til :i.J T. ======~r.1--~ -;aw~:~ The cpi:iellalts 1iere oorrlicted of' robberJ .,d th '"'liol~ g/s 2.85 ~d 286 'I· tha l>ijnal Cod.a. AoooJX!i11[; to tho io01iS vi.ri.oli 'H8l.'O :f'gund. '\l1 the i.rl.a.1. 0our1 SIL(L Pfi\10 IG.r.ic:~ 1.a. (PW 1) was d,rivinc; home im.en at ahout 3,)(\ p.m. ~ ala; »'l~iCY, \ · 1994 ·... '·. ta waS C111'e1..,.J.:>0,i0i"Ocl by r.oor>lo ho oauld 110t idant:Lf7. r,- vaa OW~.,~ ._1Ji$n anc)_ lost oonsoi~HlOO Joa 'a rodiilto·, :·Dai,u4)1 J:oaepb.,J'll1-i..shi {P1f l) 1,s b' , ~ ;~ ~~ motl)r vab.:i..olo -~tu.oh u&J.,~9'+~1'.l~.1.:Y_1~tQ+o11. .Ha te~ied that i1 ,raa ,i. ~ iQt S~dan._ ;Fin.ally a. ·.... • .-1 i-0110:i:-t_ waS. ..r:,taA,~.'-t~Ltha Wli~• •• -; • '~ . ·-. : • : ,: ·~ ··~ ,·, ... ·: ·•.• t, .· •. -~ ... -· :' '.· .. .... -:JI> -~ •. _ ' <~:J,, ..•. '"_"., I11 a nompJ_etely•. um-elatad. incident Jglu1:;EngQk KaiiiQ~ CF}r ;), the poliOQ · Qi').~oe; Qommanlling im.o orlliti..nal --~~.,e~ tit{,~ti.qn d ~ t C OC fID) f' gr I(orogwQ _ J>is~Qt w~ Qn pat-J:ol ,i.1.011_: !lo )''l~.?;htc~• a-jt.t:In,~ ~ - : ~ , ~ d a n . 0 'Tha1'l

vrlG. ?ll fnQ at tlw SQOl1Q • T:.C.at o er. was '3rlensiv~~ danagQft 'ti' f ~ PW J d.ecided to viai -b t~.1.~ ~~~"9? .~~~~~~...!iQ!.~~~ QU\ if i1J.a~ ,~r; &V Tf)P~ - ~ had ~ tb.Gre f~ ~atnont of firebu.rns. He vqd. p f O,'b bl!:Qk Illatl '1 ... haP. euff erred bu.r~ Qll tho f aoo.~. Ho soi,_zesi ~a ~ ,-moh waB rop~dJ.3' ~ - °b;" Q~li) ?th~ S'<lSpOOt. T'.'1at bag wao l)I'Oduoijd 8S libdl, :r~ . . . ,~f . f-; :· ,., • . Moen1mil<+ ~ l~Illo. •~o e.1'9S~d b:r_1X11,if1· ~ p. ~l~'O Oa!-le?, IC~•.· T'.a.Q ~Q()l,e ;,uc _ lie~ -~tod ~10:t'C ?n-_1x,arc1\1,_1JLW., . ·•;d•'W •~. J Yi~~-· }_fu0~'1 h.? _f~ ; . , •• " ~"···· . .., .- , _°:i?1J·~~~1t·· ;~-~-~-+' 1;r.1a ~·· ~~---,.. •• ·t•:'•'::~-·~---. --~ lB:b. ~~, ,tio 11.c:1 a.~i.r¢. S'liO~lan. taeo-'-. ~~_aid~J.sQtl:, .. yua_ ~~:..~~~ ~, -...,..,,., , ~ -~• • •, • ". w ~-.,_ . ' . ' ;., • • • -~ ' • • • r, II • ~ . .,.,., . • l.,,. -; ~ lf3~ hanck rl <WCJJ to :.li"t. " ..... "1 ~.: ...-, :_;::·i .... ,J ~',, . (:· . :. ·. L'" ~:. ··' .~·,: -•.i:. .~~ •• ~ •• ~ ;,;2/ ,;; L ·:'y·, ·'~if. 2 ~::~.p.~~ - - ~ .s~101T that ifaa s ~ --WOI''7 ~ : b y · OQPl• · .Tum'IJI (F,r 6) ~~ ha ~oad -h~ l)()Op1G ~ ~ . e. closor.ipiµ.on G'X"lf3l1,'lq I'll ~ gn ~ D- bus. Tho ~ezts wor<l cf:foci;Qd. aftc~ a roal bloolc 1raa ~mtijd• · PW 6 i ~ · i t l ~ J.si; ePOt:.Sed who is alleged to lJ.evo suffsrrod burns ~m boiling · wate; ljd:;i wal3 @jec~ by e.

.clofoot:i;.ro motor voh.i.olo r~lict-~ Tho oo.a oo.nduot<w~ 'who did n: -t; testify, iclonfiliad ~rl wou.sod as boUG i.at aP<Jt'WOd.1 s ~:2GQU• ~1 ~ sGiaed ·e :) 36 litl.oh was tu1do:m.1.0 a.th 1st ... aoc1..modi s leGS on boa.rd tho bus, · :err 6 opened . . .. . . ..~ the b43 j,j.1. 1~ch he four;cl a et.J.b.m1:'):ri.no ::••g1.ut vd. th t:.1.0 awzJ e hc;;i~ 11<Uee11 g-v:b Qff• Su~ . Ma>hi:..-fu ,. c rii 118$ . ,d. t'1 . soci 2J. J.To ,.,.J.104461TJ its II~ ~ine · oont rinad f ~~ iou.nda of · Pm;ili:t.i~1. vith ono r'1lmd vili.oh 1: $ loc1:::,'0d iri t;J.o ohamber, So h<:J had tg p.tl]. thQ -~~o:& ·'io 1tslodgo t··.1.0 lJ;,.0.J.ot •w::..ioh 1rn.s i;1. 'lih9 0J.:-..~1bor. Those bo Et<lSl.)a0t·men t. . . also ido:.1tu· .od ey Yw,~u Bl.tu (: J 4) a 3 o ~ I-Iod.iocl. l.: 1ia~1t e.; Kol'~"'liO J:Ios~4 · . ~ 1iho hatl. ~ ,1 :od tho 1st •OPC-c1DOO. C: 1:r..,i;'l'.U3~ .. , . J ... I t is '!.'.::ion thl.s ev:Ldo;.100 ii.:d tho ar,70llai.1-bs, 1-fu.o toatu;q;d e'3 lrJil ~td 2nd. aoo..-!.Gad, 1:3r:,-0otive_1y, 1roro oo:r.rioted. Tl.tQro is no doubt tho ~{;i.Qt:i.gn is alf80th~ 'tt?WQ:.t."ld a'ld mo rea;:io11.o. ero not too :fcx to fetch. T"~ Eq?JXl."l..laJ.1:~b.go ~ui,sgd ~ · grou.nc11 .. ~_;)::i.ailen@a tJ~ OOl'l.tioiti..on .a,."ld_ s~if,.euoa. · II;t-.lr~·. loar1~ Zlta.ta li.iltorr:3y, door:.: 110t su.22ort the, ~otion a..'1.d santp~ and I -o:~ 113 is ng1lit. ~:iore just was ::io

O\".ido.:lOG c(;ai.11.0-'G thij ap:i/oll~1vs on a numbor at [;i.-Ou.nds o Fi~"blJ1 , ir::..Qjf i'P:t'O no-b ickmtil'iocl. at th,; tii,1Q of t:lo .robbClrY• S~n.c.Uy, 1'ho oar ~ey Oj."e a.Uocod -!;o have boon aJ3r:1ooi ated ,ri. th ano-vlQrs to a. dosol'llf-';::> tion 1'4oh .ia d.iffQJ:Q1tt i'l'Qm tho Oro' whioh bolonc;od to tho oo: 1::.,li:'.itlr-.ni Elron ii, ~oo:o, _,to.e 1st app01lant a,i.tffer:·ed bL~n.'3 f:x>J1 a 02x 1ib.ioh was fQi-Uld b ' ~ ~ ~--(l . ?W J, ~.iat ~~i ba W(.i.donQQ to prr70 stealil'.l{; a. diffo~ a~. M Imo. 1raai. hte ~tl;r .. hEWO boG11. Q ~ ~gd... . . .. ou.t tho qlj..do11.00 en rooQJ:d. f3ucc;i:,s~ th.at a. <l.i.fterGn"b offeno~ mighi . ~ In I~ ..--osul<& I ellow -lfao al):;_xial, CJ:iJ.ash t:10 oorr1iotion in ,:,esp~t at gaoh S!'Nll~1.t e..'1d i;ot asiclo tho sonto:ar-~ i.m1)0eCld. on oc10ll of tll.om~ · It ie· ~rootod ihai oEOh ~ tJ.ol.il' b~ ohar~ or boi:'.13 i:1 1.u.1.laue-ll.l 1 ~ ot firQ.BXm 1.ulil.o:t' tho app~ ~ • law. SEU@ as .J: heitc s.:-..;'..d aaP7:t ~l)rall2nt iD sot a:t li~tJ- unJ.oss otharwist ~~tlly h~J;l '¥4 ~~t O' -,Y:i:~:::;:l' ma.ttorG. D@liverad. • J".n.. lfopk~"'lj a J1JroE .. A1?J?Oll~1t1 In po:0011 • Mr. lTaali (3/L.·)a Foz- Roi-f.:Jlio ..

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Penal Code sections 285 and 286

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