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Tanzania Judgment

TZHC

NA TZHC Mwanza2

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The appellant, a public officer, was proved beyond reasonable doubt to have solicited and received a bribe from the complainant, as evidenced by the marked notes and fluorescent powder found on his hands, justifying his conviction under the Prevention of Corruption Act.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed in part; sentence varied

Orders

  • The omnibus sentence is set aside and substituted with separate sentences for each count

02

Material facts

Parties

William Kts Tula

Appellant

The Republic

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Initial Bribe Demanded: UGX 60,000
  • Amount Received First: UGX 7,300
  • Balance Demanded: UGX 4,700
  • Final Amount Handed Over (marked Notes): UGX 2,000
  • Sentence (years Imprisonment): 5

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Judgment on Appeal

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellant denied soliciting or accepting any bribe from the complainant and maintained that he acted within his official capacity in dealing with complaints against the complainant.
Respondent
The prosecution argued that the appellant, as a public officer, solicited and received a bribe from the complainant, and this was proved by evidence including marked notes and fluorescent powder found on the appellant's hands.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Prevention of Corruption Act

    A conviction for corrupt transaction by an agent requires proof beyond reasonable doubt that the accused solicited or received a bribe in their capacity as a public officer.

  2. 02

    case law and evidentiary standards

    Physical evidence such as marked notes and detection of fluorescent powder can corroborate the act of receiving a bribe.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The appellant, a public officer, was proved beyond reasonable doubt to have solicited and received a bribe from the complainant, as evidenced by the marked notes and fluorescent powder found on his hands, justifying his conviction under the Prevention of Corruption Act.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed in part; sentence varied

  • The omnibus sentence is set aside and substituted with separate sentences for each count

Source and reliance status

TZHC

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Judgment text

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Source document

TZHC

Judgment

NA TZHC Mwanza2

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JUDGEILDNT MUNYTIPJ1. 2 Jo : · The ap;pellc:nt vcs chr:reod. with 2 counts of coI':..:upt transcction by agent. It ws.s ngreed he was 2, Wa_m S0cretcry, ShiRhah.i, Magu District, as such a Public Officer fer tho pi.ITJ?ose of th0 Prevention of Corz~~tinn ~cto The story started like thisg ffl10ro is n person celled !.{2pi&i Lyaheha {PW.,Ij who is referred therein ns tho comnlcintnto . • ,L. •• He lives - in Hahdm VillcE,e and · prcctised _as n l0ca1 mediconomano L women cc;llocl_ YohGbi r.pprocchcd him for trectmont. Ee troci;oc]. 1:.o'.r C;hd c.cco:;:dinc to 1).in hio :pntiont eot _wello Ho charged hex initinl £e0 of shs 1,000/= c:.nd. then.to ~,i::y him n cowo Sometit1e later a row erupted o,tor. tho pn;ymonto The pdients corapl2.ino0. to the nppellmit in his cupocity- ns n Wnrd Socrct~r;t.. The. nppoll2,nt wrote c letter to th0 complnin.,,nt s1.m.1raonin& him to his office. It .appo2.:rs tb.OI'e wcs O dolcw in · complcinc:.nt·t s roporti11[ to tho rp::_)allr.nt nho inst1"'l.1.ct0cl Lis ncoobo to arrest hir:i { coraplaincnt),, T:.1is ..res done on 13/6/88 r.nd the coLl]?lr..innnt wn.s parodod before him. J..ftor soruo int_errou.tions tlio q)p.::ill2.nt o~:clo:rnd the. prisc;mcr (PW .. I) to be locked up_. Ile roncinod in lock up till 12 midnicht when '?no Josia (PW .. 9) opened tho door and deli vorod n r:iossngo to tho cor.1).)lc.ine.nt. IIo · .said the oppoll&mt wanted shso

60~000/= so thr.t he cov.ld rolcr. se .:-ncl exoni2lrc.te him. Tho C0[1plcinc,nt .snid l~o 9-id not hnvo thd rnucho In the end· tho appellci.:it ngreod to receive 12~000/~. By then tho conplninDnt hcd shso 1,300/= in pocket, tho nppellcnt ook .thor.:r. J.J.so tho conplcinnnt 's _ft,i:iily cr,vo tho nppollont shs. 6,000/=, this racde r. total of shs {6ooo+1300) 7,300/=·. Jio wns told ho wos still , . inddbtod to tho nppoJ.lnnt shs. (12,000· - 7,300) 4,700. Re w2.s rclcc.scd fron custody nnd told to 'brinG-tho· bnlcnco of shs 4, 700/= cs soon as possible •. IIe · w0nt and brought shso 1,000/=, thif:! left n. bnl2nco o:f shs. 3, 700/=. Ile asked 0 to bo given tir.10 to sciJ his n,njs.1c-.lcc _ He ·sold hir,1 cods ;;,nd ?2.isocl shs. 3, 700/=. When he wns about to J;'c'burn to tllo -6.ppol1211t to ncko r. fincl l)C.j'DOnt sono. people r.dvised hin to ropo:.:•t to tho .~nt-Cor-£1.c:-:;tion Squccl, ho did soo Tho squodncn took . 2,000/= ot1t of sh.so . 3, 700/= encl sent thcr: to .. tl:o polico, tho r.ioney 1-i'ns in n.otos~ ' -At the RCO Offi~l_ Sgt 1-rillien (:P~-13) nppliod. fluor~scont _potider on th? _note~· nnd_ ·retu.rnocl then· to the sr;_uc,c1r,,eno They sot out in conpn:rw Hith tho , cor.1plaim:nt t.o the uPP?llnnt nnd r.IT:.1.•rod there d 5o00 pc. on 21/6/88. . f.. ,•\;: ·..... .· r. ·-------... .. -. --·~ ....... 2 - \ • Th~y e,b.ve :t)16 · 2~·000/= to tho con1)ldncnt wLo

h2d t? hr-.nd over tho sc.no· :,;~· the appollnnt • Tho~- ·found hin in tl:o office encl° tho _c9eplr,incnt · ~ritcred, tho· sqund:wen to_ok cover soc~whor_o n.rcund tho 6fficol . IIo told · .·<~:: t1i.o nppellnnt ho hnd broUf_ht shso 2,000/=, the cppollcnt 11rotostod why '_:?{:\-ho· we~· lcte, the cor.iplcinnnt replied ho wcs lookinc for tho nonoy. Thon ~:. ·"'.,_the cppcllcnt told hin to give hio tlmt 2 9 000/-::::. The cooplcimnt hr,ndod ·. • hin the notes to tho c.nount of shs. 2_,000/= r~ wclkod out, tho cppollnnt put the □oncy in tho ric:ht side drn-wor of h::i.s tnblc. .- On sei!lf, tho sigrn::1 the squndBen :..'U.Shed ~t·o t?.e of-f·u:o,: ,qpd s0.izcd tho r.:enoy fror:; the drm-rcr. The noncy wr.s couh't,ed c.y_ viit~css·cs e~ ~citiri'tod to shs 2,000/= in 100/= ···.A._•,..,.· . ·notes and tho soriol·~~o~s--·:wero the S!1DO c.s those in tho rocor,1s of tlle sq~on. Tho ap:pollnnt wcs m:,:;:-e~tod encl tcken to tho ,police dr-.rk rooo. Sgt William -(PN'·.-:3.) applied hfa ultrn violet lig~t n?il: ·d."etectoc.l the po1-idpr._ on tho oppcllant-ts hends. IIo wcs accordingly chnr~_oa:-. In 1:is defence ho stc.tod h0 ht:d received conplcints fron those tho COtrJ?lninant hc.d t1•cdcdo Their conplnirits· ·vor9 'that" he wcs -~~cctonin£ to:Ici:tl tho□ if they fQilocl,_ to pcy hiLl his i)rofessionel foes. n;·- o~d.o_rod !1.is c,r:vest end sur:inonorl his ,i .,,_, complcint:nts.,.

-, Tho _complnin..-;,nt npolocisod for throc,tening th~ lives of:;-¥,s··_" clients, h6°'':~as: a~-p~d·-·bni1 ti~+ 18/6/88 who~ tho netter wodd be finnlisc~:. IIo did not' ·turn. up, . oniy'.ltii~t on., 21)6/f:38 h; (nppcllr..nt) p.q_~_ nrrostod on ~41.s . -·· . . ·..i.' ::·-e . ._. .. - . . b:ri'be nffcii~,.,-,,ille denied ,to.·hcvo slicited nor o.cceptod nop_~Y: fro□ ·tho ·. COOJ;>lainri11t~ TL6 locrncd tric.1 nr:cis-trc:fo disnissod Lis story, -conv.i-c:t'od ~Sil'·· • chc:re;ed and._ sentenced hio to o.n ~nnibtis' sentence of fivq ( 5) yen:rs :i.r:Ip~ffjoripont, . • K: E:o broucht this n.pponl. Ile still insists he did not solicit no;r ccccpt _b:ribc os nllcc:od. It 'i,;-cs undisputGd the nppollcnt was n :fcrd Sccrctr.-.ry nnd n Public - ,;. · .:.:. Officer for tho :purpose of tho law. It- wc.s nlso -cstcblishod i'ho nppcll2irjr: ~. _,_, _ ho.d tho corJplcinc.nt before hin in his (oppellcnt) CGpncity ns n :i;mbli~_.?offi-co_:1.i-,__ ho hod powers t'o d.0cido 1-1hothor to tckc leg2.l action r,g:1inst the cor1pl~imnt or oxonirctc hin, this wcs in i•olntion to tho affr:irs of his principal, the ·. Govarnt1ent. There wc.s cviclonce of th.roe nni:i--corrUi)tion officicls P1'14, pt,75 and PW7 who sc,id they gave tho cocplcinnnt shs_ 2,000/c in 100/= notes nncl hcd their nunbc:rs jotted clo1m. They nccoop.:miod tho cooplnincnt to tho nppollnnt-t s . office, tho conplninc.rit entered

2nd er:vo th~ noncy to tho nppcllcnt~ Tho aqua¢1.ocn seized the r.1onoy in his possession, this fr:ct of' possession wos proved beyond roosoncblo doubts by tho feet thr.t tho powder which ~as nppliod on tho notes wos found on l:is hn,nds o Tho1~0 wr,s no ucy by ,l:.ich tb.o powder could roe.ch hio hcncls unless ho toucl,cd tho notes_, ho e;ccopted thcr.1. I ocrcc . .. with the lor.rned trinl nr.gistrdo thr:t the prosocutj_on !,.cit proved their ccsc beyond ro~soncblo doubts nnd ho Wes ri[l:tly convicted. /',s I alluded nbovo the oppolle,nt_ was chc.i:rcd with two 06tmts~ solicitiri...[, nnd receivinf nnd ho was convicted .cs chnrc:cd~, But tho trini' □2cistrc:to ii--:1posod only one sentence- of five (5) yonrs ir.:lprisonnent.' To set tl:o record JJif;ht I sot r.:sido the oonibus sentence nnd substitute thc1•eof .the. follovTinc ocp~ro.te sontcnco:

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Prevention of Corruption Act

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