軍事審判法

現役軍人在戰時犯陸海空軍刑法或其特別法之罪時，依本法追訴、處罰；非戰時犯特定軍法罪或其他軍法/特別法罪時，依刑事訴訟法追訴、處罰；非現役軍人不受軍事審判。

This provision defines “military legal personnel” and “military judges” by listing the positions included in each term.

本條規定：刑事訴訟法中關於被告傳喚與拘提的規定，在與本章不牴觸時，準用。

Interrogators must first ask an accused person for identifying and military service details, and must release or transfer the person immediately if the mistake is one of identity or jurisdiction.

軍事審判官在訊問後，符合特定條件時得羈押被告；軍事檢察官可到場說明聲請羈押理由並提出必要證據，且相關事實要告知被告及其辯護人並記入筆錄。

Military judges may detain a defendant after questioning if there is strong suspicion of one of the listed crimes and a risk of repeat offending, and detention is necessary.

本條規定軍事案件羈押的最長期間、延長方式，以及期滿未起訴或未裁判時的釋放規則。

軍事審判官應簽名押票；押票並須記載指定事項。

被告、其輔佐人或辯護人可隨時具保向軍事法院聲請停止羈押；偵查中軍事檢察官也可聲請，法院並可聽取相關人陳述意見。

被羈押的被告在符合列舉情形之一且以具保聲請停止羈押時，不得被駁回。

A detained defendant may be released from detention without posting bail by being entrusted to a competent superior or another suitable person.

軍事法院可裁定撤銷或停止羈押及相關保全處分；偵查中則由軍事檢察官以命令為具保、責付、限制住居、沒入保證金或退保處分。

國防部應依法任用軍法官，只能從具備列明資格的人選中挑選；軍法官考試由考試院舉辦。

本條規定：刑事訴訟法中關於被告訊問及羈押的規定，只要與本章不衝突，就準用。

This provision says a search warrant must be signed by a military judge, include specified information, and searches are generally carried out by military police unless the military prosecutor or military judge personally conducts the search.

軍事檢察官在偵查中認為有搜索必要時，原則上應書面載明事項和理由，向軍事法院聲請搜索票；軍法警察官在符合條件並經軍事檢察官許可後，也可聲請。若聲請被軍事法院駁回，不得聲明不服。

軍事檢察官、軍法警察官、軍法警察或執法官兵在特定情況下可無搜索票搜索；事後須在三日內向軍事法院或軍事檢察官報告，軍事法院認為不應准許時可於三日內撤銷。

在受搜索人自願同意時，可以不使用搜索票；執行人員還要出示證件，並把同意內容記入筆錄。

軍事檢察官或軍法警察官在執行聲請核發的搜索票後，應向核發該搜索票的軍事法院報告執行結果；如果未能執行，還要說明原因。

執行扣押時，對政府機關、公務員或曾任公務員者持有或保管且應扣押的文書或其他物件，原則上應先請求交付；必要時也可以搜索。

When searching certain secret places, homes, or the same case searched by multiple agencies in the same area, the search must be carried out jointly with specified accompanying persons.

刑事訴訟法關於搜索及扣押的規定，在與本章不牴觸時準用。

Criminal facts must be determined from evidence, and cannot be presumed without evidence or merely because there is no contrary evidence.

軍事法院可自由判斷證據的證明力；但無證據能力、未經合法調查、顯與事理有違或與認定事實不符的證據，不得作為判斷依據。

被告請求時，卷內可作證據的筆錄和其他文書不得拒絕讓其閱覽；若文書涉及國防機密、風化、公安或可能損害他人名譽，則應交被告閱覽而不得宣讀，必要時再告以要旨。

傳喚證人通常要用傳票，傳票一般須在到場日前至少三天送達；證人可請求日費與旅費，軍法警察官或軍法警察在調查證據期間也可用書面或口頭通知證人到場。

軍法官不得非法減俸、停職或免職，也不得在未經本人同意時調任到軍法官以外的職務。

經合法傳喚的證人，無正當理由不到庭或拒絕具結、證言的，得處新臺幣一萬五千元以下罰鍰，並得拘提；再傳不到也一樣。

審判長或軍事檢察官可以委託證人所在地的軍事或普通法官、檢察官訊問證人；若證人不在當地，也可以改為委託代訊。

軍事法院或軍事檢察官在調查證據和犯罪情形時，可以實施勘驗。

This provision allows certain inspection-related measures, including inspecting the crime scene or other relevant places, examining a person’s body, examining or autopsying a corpse, inspecting relevant objects, and taking other necessary measures.

軍法警察官在必要時，也可以執行前條第一項第1、2、5、6款所述事項。

刑事訴訟法中關於證據的規定，在不與本章牴觸時，準用。

A collegial judgment must be decided through deliberation, and the opinions expressed by participants in the deliberation must be recorded in the deliberation book. Public disclosure of that book follows the rules in the Court Organization Act.

Court deliberations are chaired by the presiding judge and decided by majority vote, with rules for who speaks first and how votes are counted.

Judgments and certain rulings must be announced, except judgments decided without oral argument; after an announced judgment, the accused’s superior military authority must be notified immediately.

刑事訴訟法關於裁判的規定，只要不與本章牴觸，就準用。

軍法官在任職期間不得參加政黨活動。

Anyone who knows of a suspected crime by an active-duty military member may report it. A victim of a crime by an active-duty military member may file a complaint.

告發人可以要求代守秘密。

If a person surrenders to a military prosecutor, military judicial police officer, military judicial police, or their superior, Article 130(3) applies mutatis mutandis.

軍事檢察官一旦知有犯罪嫌疑，應立即開始偵查。

If a foreign government makes a request, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs must forward it to the Ministry of National Defense so the competent military prosecutor is informed to investigate.

In an investigation, the defendant should not be summoned in advance unless there is a necessity.

軍事檢察官在特定情形下，得命被告具保、責付或限制住居；如認有羈押必要，得逮捕被告並向軍事法院聲請羈押。

軍法警察官發現案件不屬其管轄時，原則上應附卷證移送該管軍事檢察官；如有依法逮捕或拘提的犯罪嫌疑人或被告，也要一併解送。

A military prosecutor must bring a public prosecution when the evidence collected in the investigation is enough to show the defendant is suspected of a crime, and also when the defendant’s whereabouts are unknown or the defendant is outside the court’s jurisdiction.

有特定情形之一時，應作成不起訴處分；若依第七款不起訴，還要把案件移送給該管法院檢察署。

軍法官因組織或編制變更被編餘時，未派新職前仍按原階支領全額薪給，並應儘速指派新職；編餘期間不得超過一年。

Military prosecutors may dismiss prosecution for certain listed crimes. Before doing so, they may also require the defendant, with consent from the victim and the defendant’s direct superior, to apologize, submit a repentance statement, or pay compensation.

When a military prosecutor issues a decision not to prosecute, they must prepare a written disposition, state the reasons, and serve the original on the listed persons and offices.

被害人、告訴人及被告直屬長官在收到不起訴處分書後，得於7日內以書面說明不服理由，透過原軍事檢察官向上級軍事法院檢察署檢察長聲請再議；符合第140條第2項情形者不得聲請。

上級軍事法院檢察署檢察長對再議聲請，無理由時應駁回；有理由時，若偵查未完備，應命原軍事法院檢察署軍事檢察官續行偵查；若偵查已完備，應命其起訴。

A final non-prosecution decision bars bringing the same case again, unless there is new fact or new evidence, or a listed retrial-ground condition exists.

If the offender is unknown or outside the reach of legal authority, the investigation must not be concluded before the circumstances in Article 139 are recognized.

刑事訴訟法關於偵查的規定，只要與本章不衝突，就適用於本章。

軍事檢察官提起公訴時，應向管轄的軍事法院提出起訴書。

起訴書的送達，適用第一百四十一條的規定。

軍事檢察官在初審辯論終結前，若發現有應不起訴或得不起訴的情形，可以撤回起訴。

國防部可在適當地區設置地方軍事法院或其分院；戰時還可授權地方軍事法院在特定部隊設臨時法庭。

刑事訴訟法中關於起訴的規定，在不與本章牴觸時，適用於本條所涉事項。

在合議審判案件中，受命軍事審判官可在審判前訊問被告並蒐集或調查證據；其在這些事項上的權限與軍事法院或審判長相同，但不包括第一百零九條的裁定。

軍事法院可獨立行使審判權，且不得受任何干涉。

審判期日要傳喚被告，並通知軍事檢察官、辯護人與輔佐人；也要傳喚被害人或其家屬並給予陳述意見的機會，但有合法傳喚不到場、明示不願到場，或軍事法院認為不必要或不適宜時例外。

If an indictment or other litigation act has a legally required procedural defect that can be corrected, the military court must set a time limit and order correction.

在審判期日，軍事審判官、軍事檢察官及書記官應出庭。

The case may not be tried if the defendant does not appear, unless a special rule applies. For cases under Article 74(1), the case may not be tried if defense counsel does not appear, except for pronouncing judgment.

After the presiding judge questions the defendant under Article 101, the military prosecutor must state the gist of the indictment.

軍事檢察官陳述起訴要旨後，審判長應就被訴事實訊問被告。

訊問被告後，審判長應調查證據。

國防部可因部隊任務需要，在適當地區設置高等軍事法院或其分院；戰時並可授權高等軍事法院在作戰區設臨時法庭。

After evidence collection is complete, the military prosecutor, defendant, and defense counsel are to argue in that order. Parties who have already argued may argue again, and the presiding judge may order another round of argument.

Before closing the oral argument, the presiding judge must ask the defendant whether they have anything to say.

軍事法院在辯論終結後，如有必要，可以命令重新開啟辯論。

At the trial date, the participating military judge must appear throughout the proceedings, and if that judge changes the procedure must be updated. If the changed judge was part of the pre-trial preparatory procedure, the procedure does not need to be updated.

If a trial cannot be finished in one hearing, it should generally continue the next day; if the next hearing is delayed by an accident for 15 days or more, the trial procedure must be updated.

If guilt is proved, the court must give a criminal judgment; if punishment is exempted, it must give an exemption judgment. Before an exemption judgment, and with the complainant’s and the defendant’s direct superior’s consent, the defendant may be ordered to apologize, submit a repentance letter, or pay compensation to the victim.

前條之判決可以就起訴的犯罪事實，變更軍事檢察官所引用的適用法條，但變更前要先告知當事人並給予適當辯論機會。

If the defendant’s crime cannot be proven, or the act is not punishable, the court should enter an acquittal judgment.

If any listed condition applies, the case should be adjudged as免訴.

This provision lists seven situations in which a case must be dismissed as not admissible.

國防部應在中央政府所在地設置最高軍事法院。

對於因無審判權而諭知不受理的判決，應同時移送至管轄法院檢察署。

If a case is outside the court’s jurisdiction, a judgment of jurisdictional error should be issued and the case should be transferred to the competent military court.

In the stated wartime rebellion case, after public service has been made, the court may give judgment on the trial date without waiting for the accused's statement.

For judgments under Articles 168 to 171, oral argument may be omitted.

Judgment documents must separately state the operative part and the reasons; guilty judgments must also state the facts.

A guilty judgment must state specified sentencing matters in its main text.

A guilty judgment must list specified matters in its reasons.

軍事法院在宣示判決時要告知上訴期間與上訴法院，並在判決正本中記載；也要把判決正本送達給指定人，受送達人可在上訴期間內向軍事檢察官陳述意見。

If a detained accused is later found not guilty or otherwise receives certain terminating judgments, the detention is treated as revoked. During the appeal period or while an appeal is pending, the court may order bail, custody, or residential restriction, and may keep detention going if those measures cannot be imposed and there is a necessary need.

Criminal Procedure Law rules on trials apply to this chapter unless they conflict with this chapter.

軍事法院及其分院的院長職務包含院務行政管理；另有多層級監督權，但不得影響審判權行使。

This article lets several people appeal an initial military-court judgment to a higher military court, and bars any further appeal from a judgment of that appellate military court except as allowed by this law.

本條規定軍事法院判決與上訴判決的移送、審判與再上訴限制，以及部分案件可依職權直接送上級法院或最高法院審判。

上訴期間是10日，從判決送達後開始算；判決宣示後、送達前提出的上訴也有效。

上訴原則上要以書狀向原審軍事法院提出；被告在宣示判決時當庭口頭上訴的，書記官要製作筆錄。

在監所的被告，只要在上訴期間內把上訴書狀交給監所長官，就視為已在期限內上訴。

A person with a right to appeal may waive that right.

An appeal right may be waived by filing it with the original trial military court; an appeal may be withdrawn by filing it with the appellate court, or with the original trial military court while the case file is still there.

要放棄上訴權或撤回上訴，原則上要用書狀提出；在審判期日，可以口頭提出。

If an appeal is waived or withdrawn, the clerk must promptly notify the other party.

原審軍事法院遇到不符程序、法律上不應准許、或上訴權已喪失的上訴，應裁定駁回；如果只是程序瑕疵且可補正，應定期間命其補正。

各級軍事法院及分院應依管轄設置審判庭，並依事務繁簡決定庭數；每庭置庭長一人，由軍事審判官兼任，負責監督該庭事務。

If a case is appealed, the original military trial court must promptly send the case file and evidence to the appellate military court.

A party may appeal only part of a judgment; if the appeal does not say it is partial, it is treated as an appeal of the whole judgment.

在上訴軍事法院案件中，審判長在依第一百零一條訊問被告後，應命上訴人陳述上訴要旨。

上訴軍事法院必須調查原判決中被上訴的部分。

被告經上訴軍事法院依法傳喚後，若無正當理由不到庭，法院得不待其陳述逕行判決。

上訴軍事法院對不合法定程序、法律上不應准許，或上訴權已喪失的上訴，應判決駁回；若程序瑕疵可補正且原審軍事法院未命補正，則應定期限命其補正。

If a judgment does not apply the legal rule, or applies it improperly, it is a violation of law.

A judgment is automatically contrary to law if any listed trial defect occurred in a military court case.

上訴軍事法院對無理由的上訴應予駁回；如上訴有理由，或雖無理由但原判不當或違法，原則上應撤銷上訴部分並自行判決。

最高法院或高等法院在特定上訴案件中撤銷原判決時，應將案件發回或發交原上訴或初審軍事法院。

“現役軍人”是指依兵役法或其他法律服現役的軍官、士官、士兵。

各級軍事法院及分院應設置若干名公設辯護人，負責指定辯護案件的辯護工作。

If the defendant appeals, or an appeal is filed for the defendant’s benefit, the court may not impose a harsher sentence than the one in the original judgment, except when the original judgment is set aside because the law was applied incorrectly. This rule also applies to compulsory work.

上訴軍事法院的判決書可以引用原審判決書中的事實、證據和理由；如果原審對重要事項沒有論述，或對上訴中提出且有利於被告的證據或辯解不採納，則要補充記載理由。

Wartime appeal cases are generally decided in writing, but the court may hold an oral hearing if necessary.

Article 74 does not apply to appeals during wartime, except for cases involving a petition to hear the case or attendance at court.

In certain death-penalty military cases in a combat zone, the trial military court may ask the Supreme Military Court to hear the case first and later send the record and evidence.

最高軍事法院在前條第一項駁回時，可以用電文處理；最高軍事法院檢察署收到駁回電文後，應在五日內送請國防部令准執行。

Appeal cases generally follow the rules for Chapter 2, Chapter 3 trial procedure and the Criminal Procedure Code rules for second appeals, unless this chapter provides otherwise. Cases appealed to the Supreme Court or High Court follow the Criminal Procedure Code rules for third appeals. Wartime appeal cases also follow the third-appeal rules unless this chapter specially provides otherwise.

Certain parties and other persons affected by a military court ruling may file an appeal, unless a special rule says otherwise.

An appeal must be filed within 5 days from service of the ruling; if the ruling has already been pronounced, an appeal filed after pronouncement and before service is still effective.

提出抗告時，應以書狀寫明抗告理由，並向原審軍事法院提出。

各級軍事法院及分院要配置若干書記官；如有二人以上書記官，須由一人擔任主任書記官。

原審軍事法院對抗告要先審查程序和理由；不合法、不可准許或已喪失抗告權的，應駁回，程序可補正的，先命補正。

The appellate military court must dismiss an appeal by ruling if it is groundless or falls within the stated prior-article condition; if a curable procedural defect exists and the trial military court did not order correction, it must first set a time limit and order correction.

If the military appellate court finds an appeal justified, it must revoke the original ruling and may make its own ruling when necessary.

抗告軍事法院裁定，應儘速通知原審軍事法院。

就抗告軍事法院裁定，不得再行抗告。

受處分人不服軍事審判長、受命/受託軍事審判官或軍事檢察官的特定處分時，可以向所屬或有管轄的軍事法院聲請撤銷或變更，期限是5日。

軍事法院就前條第一項關於撤銷或變更的裁定，原則上不得抗告；但涉及撤銷罰鍰的聲請裁定，可以抗告。

刑事訴訟法中關於抗告的規定，若與本編不牴觸，準用之。

有罪判決確定後，受判決人如符合列舉事由，得聲請再審。

判決確定後，在特定情形下，受判決人可以聲請再審。

各級軍事法院及分院可以配置通譯及執法官兵；他們執行職務時，受軍事審判官指揮監督。

符合第二百十八條第一項第七款所述情形聲請再審者，應在確定判決送達後二十日內提出。

為受判決人利益聲請再審，可以由特定人提出，包括軍事檢察官、受判決人本人、其法定代理人或配偶，以及在受判決人死亡或心神喪失時的其他親屬等。

原審軍事法院檢察署的軍事檢察官，可以為對受判決人不利的再審聲請。

If a retrial application’s procedure violates the rules, the original military court must dismiss it by ruling.

聲請再審本身不會停止刑罰執行；但在再審裁定前，主管的軍事檢察官可以命令停止執行。

The rules in the Criminal Procedure Act on retrial apply here, as long as they do not conflict with this chapter.

判決確定後，若發現審判違背法令，最高軍事法院檢察署檢察長得向最高法院提起非常上訴；若案件是由最高法院或高等法院判決確定，則由最高法院檢察署檢察總長提起。

軍事檢察官在發現前條情形時，應提出意見書，並把案卷與證物送交指定的檢察長或檢察總長，聲請提起非常上訴。

Rules in the Criminal Procedure Code about extraordinary appeals apply here, as long as they do not conflict with this chapter.

This article assigns which military prosecutor directs enforcement of a judgment, with different rules depending on the case outcome and where the file is kept.

國防部負責決定各級軍事法院及分院的編制和員額。

死刑判決確定後，最高法院應儘速將案件卷宗送交最高軍事法院檢察署，再轉送國防部。

死刑的執行由國防部長發布執行命令；收到命令後三日內應執行。

Death sentences are carried out in a military prison, unless a different execution site is specially designated when necessary.

In specified cases, the Ministry of National Defense may order suspension of death sentence execution.

Certain sentenced persons must serve their sentence in a military prison unless another rule applies; if that is not possible, other military or judicial detention facilities may be used. Persons subject to security measures must be held at a suitable place designated by the Ministry of National Defense or at an entrusted judicial security-measure facility.

The Ministry of National Defense determines the organization and staffing of military prisons.

在受領扣押物的人不明，或因其他原因無法發還時，於戰時如認為必要，可不經公告直接拍賣，並保管拍賣所得。

刑事訴訟法中關於執行的規定，只要不與本編牴觸，就準用。

這是一條過渡規定：修法施行前已開始的偵查、審判或執行案件，依案件進度移送檢察官或法院處理；確定判決原則上不能再上訴或抗告，但符合再審或非常上訴事由者例外。

This provision states when the Act and its amendments take effect.

軍事法院審判案件時，依法院層級分別由不同人數的審判官獨任或合議審理。

In panel trials, the chief judge serves as presiding judge; if there is no chief judge or the chief judge has an accident, the most senior panel member serves instead. In sole trials, the military judge exercises the presiding judge’s powers.

When a military court panel lacks enough members because a military judge recuses or for other reasons, a superior military court may temporarily assign personnel from a court of the same level.

地方軍事法院負責管轄尉官、士官、士兵及其同等軍人犯罪的第一審案件。

This provision lists the cases that fall under the High Military Court’s jurisdiction.

This provision lists the types of cases that fall under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Military Court.

Legally established armed teams that are incorporated into the combat order during wartime are treated as active-duty military personnel.

This provision sets jurisdiction rules for criminal cases involving non-active-duty military personnel and certain other persons.

This provision assigns military-court jurisdiction based on the crime location and, in some cases, the defendant’s domicile, residence, or location.

This provision assigns military-court jurisdiction for cases involving both active-duty and non-active-duty military personnel, and for certain non-active-duty cases, it gives jurisdiction to the High Military Court.

Military courts may transfer a defendant or case to another same-level military court in certain situations, and the receiving court may not refuse.

If part of a criminal case must be prosecuted and tried under the Criminal Procedure Law, then the whole case is to be prosecuted and tried under that law.

Provisions in the Criminal Procedure Law or other laws about court jurisdiction apply here as long as they do not conflict with this section.

軍事法庭原則上應在軍事法院內開庭；必要時，可以在管轄區域內指定適當地點臨時開庭。

軍事法庭的訴訟辯論和裁判宣示原則上應公開；但在涉及國家安全、公共秩序、善良風俗，或可能危及證人生命、身體安全時，可以不公開。

審判長有權指揮軍事法庭的開閉與訴訟審理，並在開庭時維持秩序。

If someone disrupts courtroom order or behaves improperly, the presiding judge may bar them from entering the courtroom, order them to leave, and, if necessary, hold them under guard until adjournment.

俘虜或投降人犯罪時，得依本法追訴並審判。

如果辯護人在法庭上言語或行為不當，審判長可以警告，或禁止其當日辯護；非律師辯護人也適用同樣規則。

When the presiding judge makes a disposition under the preceding two articles, the reasons must be recorded in the record.

當受命軍事審判官或受託軍事審判官執行職務時，第三十六條至第四十一條關於審判長執行職務的規定準用之。

軍事審判官、書記官、軍事檢察官、公設辯護人及律師在法庭執行職務時，應穿制服。

軍事法庭在審判時，應使用中華民國語言。

If an accused person, witness, expert witness, or other interested person does not understand Chinese, or has hearing or speech impairments, an interpreter must translate for them.

訴訟文書應使用中華民國文字；如有參考需要，得附記所用的方言或外國語言。

軍事檢察官辦理檢察事務時，前3條規定準用之。

法院組織法的相關規定，在不與本節牴觸時，準用於本節。

國防部在各級軍事法院及分院都要配置檢察署。

This provision sets how criminal cases are handled depending on whether the offense is discovered before, during, or after a person’s service period, and it directs some cases to the proper court if the person leaves service during proceedings.

軍事法院及分院檢察署設有檢察長與軍事檢察官；檢察長負責統理行政事務，且在檢察官達六人以上時可分組辦事。

高等以下軍事法院及分院檢察署要設置法醫官或檢驗員，地方軍事法院及分院檢察署要設置觀護人；前二項人員在員額二人以上時，得以一人為主任。

第二十一條至第二十三條的規定，適用於各級軍事法院及分院檢察署。

軍事檢察官有權進行偵查、提起和實行公訴，並指揮裁判的執行；也可執行其他法令規定的職務。

軍事檢察官對軍事法院獨立行使職權。

軍事法院檢察署檢察長可依法指揮監督軍事檢察官；軍事檢察官應服從該指揮監督命令。

軍事法院檢察署檢察長可以親自處理其所指揮監督的軍事檢察官事務，也可以把該事務移轉給其他受其指揮監督的軍事檢察官處理。

軍事檢察官在執行職務時，可以請軍事官長指派適當武裝部隊負責警備及一般軍法警察事務。

本條授權特定軍法警察官在其管轄或防區內協助軍事檢察官偵查犯罪，並要求將偵查結果移送；如收受已被拘提或逮捕的犯罪嫌疑人，原則上應解送，但未經拘提或逮捕者不得解送。

Certain military judicial police officers must investigate crimes under the direction of military prosecutors.

This provision defines “當事人” as military prosecutors and defendants.

Certain listed personnel act as military judicial police, must investigate crimes under orders, and must report investigation results; if necessary, they may seal off a crime scene and inspect it immediately.