保險法

要保人可以不經委任，為他人利益訂立保險契約；如受益人有疑義，推定是為自己利益而訂立。

If an insurance contract is made by an agent, it must state that it was made on behalf of the principal.

保險契約由部分合夥人或共有人訂立、且利益及於全體時，應明載是為全體合夥人或共有人訂立。

Insurers may agree that part of the insured property’s loss from risk will be borne by the policyholder, and if they do, the policyholder may not separately insure that uninsured part with another insurer.

Insurance contracts, except life insurance, may be made in order form or bearer form, and the insurer may also raise against a transferee any defenses it could raise against the policyholder.

The law defines a beneficiary as a person agreed by the insured or policyholder to have a compensation claim right, and says either the policyholder or the insured may be a beneficiary.

This provision defines two kinds of insurance contracts: unvalued insurance contracts and valued insurance contracts.

An insurance contract is invalid if, when it is made, the insured risk has already occurred or already ended, unless both parties did not know that.

If an insurance contract is made for another person’s benefit and that person is not yet identified at the time of contracting, the policyholder or an identifiable beneficiary named in the contract gets the benefit.

保險人賠付後，可以代位向第三人行使被保險人的請求權，但請求金額不能超過賠償金額。

Mandatory statutory provisions cannot be changed by contract, except where the change benefits the insured.

An insurance contract term is invalid to the extent it is manifestly unfair at the time of contracting and falls within one of the listed categories.

Insurance contracts must state the required items listed in this provision, unless the Act provides otherwise.

When an insurance contract is changed or a suspended insurance contract is restored, the insurer is treated as accepting if it does not refuse within 10 days after receiving notice.

一方若對於應通知他方的事項怠於通知，且不是因不可抗力，另一方可以把這件事作為解除保險契約的原因。

要保人、被保險人或受益人，在發生保險人應負責任的事故後，原則上要在知道後5日內通知保險人。

要保人或被保險人知道風險增加時，通常要通知保險人；在某些風險增加情形下，要先通知，且若非因其行為造成，須在知悉後10日內通知。風險減少時，被保險人可請求重新核定保費。

This provision defines “insurance business” and “foreign insurance business.”

在前條情形下，保險人可以終止契約或提議另定保險費；要保人不同意另定保險費時，契約即終止。

If increased risk falls within any of the listed situations, Article 59 does not apply.

一方當事人對某些事項沒有通知義務。

要保人或被保險人未在規定期限內通知時，對保險人因此造成的損失，應負賠償責任。

訂約時，要保人對保險人的書面詢問應如實回答。若有隱瞞、漏答或不實說明，且足以影響保險人對風險的估計，保險人可以解除契約；危險發生後也適用。

Rights arising from an insurance contract expire if they are not exercised within two years from when they become claimable.

A special clause is a clause, outside the basic terms of an insurance contract, that recognizes performance of special obligations by the parties.

Insurance-contract matters may be set by special agreement clauses.

If one party to an insurance contract breaches a special clause, the other party may terminate the contract; the same applies after the risk has occurred.

If a future-term clause becomes impossible to perform, illegal at the place of contract, or a risk occurs before the due time, the insurance contract does not become invalid for that reason.

This provision defines “insurance enterprise responsible person” as the person who is responsible under the Company Act or the Cooperative Act.

火災保險人原則上要賠償火災造成的保險標的物毀損或滅失，但契約另有約定的除外。

被保險人可在保險契約中把家屬、受僱人或同居人的財物列為保險標的；發生危險時，就該損失可請求賠償。

保險人要在承保前查明保險標的物的市價，且不得超額承保。

The policyholder may agree insurance for the insured subject matter as fixed-value or non-fixed-value insurance, according to approved rates and terms.

This provision defines “total loss” for insurance as the complete destruction or damage of the insured item, where it cannot be repaired or repair costs exceed the cost of restoring it.

If the insured item cannot be valued at market price, the parties may agree on its value.

If an insurance contract overstates the insured amount and was made through fraud by one party, the other party may rescind it and claim damages for loss. Without fraud, the contract is effective only up to the insured value, except for valued insurance.

如果保險金額低於保險標的物價值，除非契約另有約定，保險人的負擔按兩者價值比例計算。

If loss estimation is delayed because of the insurer’s fault, interest must be added starting one month after the insured submits the loss list. If the loss is still not fully estimated two months after submission, the insured may request an advance payment of the minimum compensation amount.

The insurer must bear the necessary expenses spent to prove and estimate a loss, unless the contract says otherwise.

This provision defines who counts as an insurance agent.

本條定義「保險業務員」為替特定保險相關機構或銀行從事保險招攬的人。

在損失還沒估定前，要保人或被保險人原則上不得變更保險標的物，除非是為公共利益、為避免擴大損失，或已取得保險人同意。

If the insured property is completely destroyed for reasons other than the insured event listed in the contract, the insurance contract ends.

If the insured property suffers a partial loss, both the insurer and the policyholder may terminate the contract. If the insurer terminates, it must notify the policyholder 15 days in advance.

本條把第73至81條，以及第123、124條，分別適用到特定保險類型和超過一年的財產保險。

除非契約另有規定，海上保險人要就保險標的物因海上事故或災害造成的損害、滅失和費用負賠償責任。

海上保險適用海商法海上保險章的規定。

陸上、內河及航空保險人原則上要就保險標的物因相關事故或災害造成的毀損、滅失與費用負賠償責任，但契約另有約定的除外。

貨物保險期間，除非契約另有約定，從交運時開始，到目的地收貨時結束。

Insurance contracts must state certain transport details in addition to the items required by Article 55.

If transport is temporarily stopped or rerouted for transport necessity, the insurance contract remains effective unless the contract says otherwise.

For freight and cargo insurance on inland navigation vessels, the relevant marine insurance provisions apply unless this section says otherwise.

This provision defines who counts as an insurance broker.

責任保險人 must pay赔偿 when the insured is legally liable to a third party and a compensation claim is made.

被保險人因應第三人請求而抗辯所支出的必要訴訟內外費用，原則上由保險人負擔；除非契約另有約定，且被保險人也可以請求保險人先墊付這些費用。

If an insurance contract is made for liability for losses in the insured business, the agent, manager, or supervisor’s liability also benefits from the insurance.

保險人可以約定，未經其參與的情況下，被保險人對第三人的承認、和解或賠償不拘束保險人；但若要保人或被保險人通知保險人參與，保險人無正當理由拒絕或拖延，則例外。

在第三人尚未獲賠前，保險人不得把賠償金額全部或一部分付給被保險人；若被保險人對第三人的賠償責任已確定，第三人可在保險金額範圍內，按其比例直接向保險人請求給付。

保險人可以在被保險人通知後，直接向第三人支付賠償金額。

保證保險人須就被保險人因受僱人不誠實行為或債務人不履行債務造成的損失負賠償責任。

保證保險契約若以受僱人的不誠實行為作為保險事故，除第五十五條事項外，還必須記載被保險人與受僱人的指定資訊。

A guarantee insurance contract that treats the debtor’s failure to perform as the insured event must also state certain required items in the contract.

This provision defines “other property insurance” as insurance covering property or intangible benefits that is not fire, marine, inland/air transport, liability, or surety insurance.

保險人可以隨時查勘保險標的物；若發現異常，可建議要保人或被保險人修復後再使用，若不接受建議，保險人得以書面通知終止保險契約或相關部分。

在兩種情況下，保險人不負賠償責任：要保人或被保險人未依約保護保險標的物，或危險事故後未用合理方法保護而增加損失。

After a partial loss of the insured property, once compensation is paid or the property is restored, the insurance contract remains effective.

This is the chapter heading for the general provisions chapter.

Section 2: Marine Insurance.

This provision is a section heading for “Section 3: Air and Marine Insurance.”

This section is titled “Liability Insurance.”

This chapter heading is titled “Guarantee Insurance.”

This section is titled “Other Property Insurance.”

This chapter is titled “Personal Insurance.”

This section is titled “Life Insurance.”

Section heading: Health Insurance.

This provision is a chapter heading for injury insurance.

Section 2: Insurance interest.

This chapter is titled “Annuity Insurance.”

This provision is a chapter heading for the insurance industry.

This is the heading for the general provisions section.

Section heading: Definitions and classification.

Section 2 is titled “Insurance Companies.”

This section is titled “Insurance cooperatives.”

This section is titled “Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Notaries.”

This provision is a section heading for trade associations.

Section heading: Insurance premiums.

This section is a penalties heading; no specific rule is stated in the provided text.

This provision is a chapter heading for the supplementary provisions section.

Section heading: “Chapter 35 — Insurer’s Liability.”

This chapter is titled “Double Insurance.”

This is a section heading for reinsurance.

This chapter is about insurance contracts.

This chapter is titled “General rules.”

This provision is a chapter heading for “Basic Provisions.”

This is a section heading for special terms.

This chapter concerns property insurance.

This is a chapter heading for fire insurance.