Vehicle Code — Part 11 | VEH — United States — California law | Esheria

Vehicle Code

Part 11 of 19 · provisions 2,001–2,200

This section says the act is named the Vehicle Code.

Jurisdiction
United States — California
Instrument
Code
Citation
VEH
Version
Undated source snapshot
Language
en
Official source
View official record ↗
Complete work
View statute overview
DMV fee collection DMV notices DMV records DMV reporting DUI procedure DUI program DUI sentencing LPR data retention MSRP Motor vehicle theft prevention Parking lots Purple Heart recipients U-turns Vehicle parking abandoned vehicle abatement abandoned vehicle disposition abandoned vehicle procedures abandoned vehicles abandoned vessel handling ability to pay access rights access routes accessibility accessible parking +3,493 more

Statute overview

About this statute

The definitions in this code apply when construing the code unless the provision or context requires otherwise. “Ability to respond in damages” means financial responsibility. Police officers must report stolen-vehicle and lost-or-stolen plate information to the Department of Justice system, and the reporting agency must notify the reporting party when a vehicle is recovered. A person must not make or file a false or fraudulent vehicle-theft report with any law enforcement agency, if done with intent to deceive. A vehicle’s owner or legal owner may report theft or embezzlement to the California Highway Patrol, and must report recovery after making that notice.

Read the provisions Ask with citations

Legal text

Provisions of Vehicle Code

Showing 200 of 3,721

  1. 27305.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Publicly owned firefighting vehicles used for emergency fire response and firefighting must have seatbelts for each seat used by personnel while operating, and those seatbelts must meet department requirements.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27305. All publicly owned firefighting vehicles designed for and used in responding to emergency fire calls and in combating fires shall be equipped with seatbelts for each seat utilized by personnel when such vehicles are being operated. Such seatbelts shall comply with requirements established by the department. (Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 723.)
  2. 27314.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Dealers may not sell certain used passenger vehicles unless they have the required seatbelts.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27314. (a) No dealer shall sell or offer for sale any used passenger vehicle that was manufactured on or after January 1, 1962, other than a motorcycle, unless it is equipped with at least two seatbelts which are installed for the use of persons in the front seat of the vehicle. (b) No dealer shall sell or offer for sale any used passenger vehicle manufactured on or after January 1, 1968, other than a motorcycle, unless it is equipped with seatbelts for each seating position. (c) Seatbelts required in subdivisions (a) and (b) shall comply with regulations established by the department. (d) The requirements of this section shall not apply to sales to dealers, automobile dismantlers, or junk dealers. (Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 723.)
  3. 27314.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Used-vehicle dealers must post specified warning notices on certain 1972-1990 passenger vehicles, keep the notices in place while the vehicles are for sale, and the department must provide dealer lists to nonprofit entities every six months for a limited fee.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27314.5. (a) (1) Subject to paragraph (3), no dealer shall sell or offer for sale any used passenger vehicle of a model year of 1972 to 1990, inclusive, unless there is affixed to the window of the left front door or, if there is no window, to another suitable location so that it may be seen and read by a person standing outside the vehicle at that location, a notice, printed in 14-point type, which reads as follows: “WARNING: While use of all seat belts reduces the chance of ejection, failure to install and use shoulder harnesses with lap belts can result in serious or fatal injuries in some crashes. Lap-only belts increase the chance of head and neck injury by allowing the upper torso to move unrestrained in a crash and increase the chance of spinal column and abdominal injuries by concentrating excessive force on the lower torso. Because children carry a disproportionate amount of body weight above the waist, they are more likely to sustain those injuries. Shoulder harnesses may be available that can be retrofitted in this vehicle. For more information call the Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-424-9393.” (2) The notice shall remain affixed to the vehicle pursuant to paragraph (1) at all times that the vehicle is for sale. (3) The notice is not required to be affixed to any vehicle equipped with both a lap belt and a shoulder harness for the driver and one passenger in the front seat of the vehicle and for at least two passengers in the rear seat of the vehicle. (b) (1) In addition to the requirements of subdivision (a), and subject to paragraph (3) and subdivision (c), the dealer shall affix, to one rear seat lap belt buckle of every used passenger vehicle of a model year of 1972 to 1990, inclusive, that has a rear seat, a notice, printed in 10-point type, that reads as follows: “WARNING: While use of all seat belts reduces the chance of ejection, failure to install and use shoulder harnesses with lap belts can result in serious or fatal injuries in some crashes. Shoulder harnesses may be available that can be retrofitted in this vehicle. For more information, call the Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-424-9393.” (2) The notice shall remain affixed to the vehicle pursuant to paragraph (1) at all times that the vehicle is for sale. (3) The message is not required to be affixed to any vehicle either equipped with both a lap belt and a shoulder harness for at least two passengers in the rear seat or having no rear seat lap belts. (c) A dealer is not in violation of subdivision (b) unless a private nonprofit entity has furnished a supply of the appropriate notices suitable for affixing as required free of charge or, having requested a resupply of notices, has not received the resupply. (d) The department shall furnish, to a nonprofit private entity for purposes of this section, for a fee not to exceed its costs in so furnishing, at least once every six months, a list of all licensed dealers who sell used passenger vehicles. (Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 619, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 1998.)
  4. 27315.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Section 27315 applies to people in certain enclosed three-wheeled motor vehicles meeting specified size and weight limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27315.1. Section 27315 applies to any person in a fully enclosed three-wheeled motor vehicle that is not less than seven feet in length and not less than four feet in width, and has an unladen weight of 900 pounds or more. (Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 710, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1998.)
  5. 27315.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain law enforcement agencies must keep patrol-vehicle safety belts in good working order and use belts that meet U.S. Department of Transportation safety standards.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27315.3. (a) As used in this section, “passenger motor vehicle” means a passenger vehicle as defined in Section 465 and a motortruck as defined in Section 410 of less than 6,001 pounds unladen weight, but does not include a motorcycle as defined in Section 400. (b) Every sheriff’s department and city police department and the Department of the California Highway Patrol shall maintain safety belts in good working order for the use of occupants of a vehicle that it operates on a highway for the purpose of patrol. The safety belts shall conform to motor vehicle safety standards established by the United States Department of Transportation. This subdivision does not, however, require installation or maintenance of safety belts where not required by the laws of the United States applicable to the vehicle at the time of its initial sale. (c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 42001, a violation of subdivision (b) is an infraction punishable by a fine, including all penalty assessments and court costs imposed on the convicted department, of not more than twenty dollars ($20) for a first offense, and a fine, including all penalty assessments and court costs imposed on the convicted department, of not more than fifty dollars ($50) for each subsequent offense. (d) (1) For a violation of subdivision (b), in addition to the fines provided for pursuant to subdivision (c) and the penalty assessments provided for pursuant to Section 1464 of the Penal Code, an additional penalty assessment of two dollars ($2) shall be levied for a first offense, and an additional penalty assessment of five dollars ($5) shall be levied for any subsequent offense. (2) All money collected pursuant to this subdivision shall be utilized in accordance with Section 1464 of the Penal Code. (e) In a civil action, a violation of subdivision (b) or information of a violation of subdivision (c) shall not establish negligence as a matter of law or negligence per se for comparative fault purposes, but negligence may be proven as a fact without regard to the violation. (f) Subdivisions (b) and (c) shall become inoperative immediately upon the date that the Secretary of the United States Department of Transportation, or his or her delegate, determines to rescind the portion of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 208 (49 C.F.R. 571.208) that requires the installation of automatic restraints in new passenger motor vehicles, except that those subdivisions shall not become inoperative if the secretary’s decision to rescind Standard No. 208 is not based, in any respect, on the enactment or continued operation of those subdivisions or subdivisions (d) to (h), inclusive, of Section 27315. (Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 474, Sec. 2. (SB 929) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  6. 27315.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Law enforcement agencies must adopt a written seat-belt policy and say whether officers are required to wear seat belts.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27315.5. All law enforcement agencies shall, not later than January 1, 1991, establish a policy and issue an order, in writing, which states whether or not their officers are required to wear seat belts. When a law enforcement agency is developing a safety belt policy, the agency shall consider the officer’s safety, comfort, and convenience. (Added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 33, Sec. 3. Effective March 26, 1990.)
  7. 27316.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Schoolbuses in California generally must have passenger restraint systems, with some timing and NHTSA-related conditions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27316. (a) Unless specifically prohibited by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, all schoolbuses purchased or leased for use in California shall be equipped at all designated seating positions with a combination pelvic and upper torso passenger restraint system, if the schoolbus is either of the following: (1) Type 1, as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 1201 of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and is manufactured on or after July 1, 2005. (2) Type 2, as defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (b) of Section 1201 of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and is manufactured on or after July 1, 2004. (b) For purposes of this section, a “passenger restraint system” means any of the following: (1) A restraint system that is in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 209, for a type 2 seatbelt assembly, and with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 210, as those standards were in effect on the date the schoolbus was manufactured. (2) A restraint system certified by the schoolbus manufacturer that is in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 222 and incorporates a type 2 lap/shoulder restraint system. (c) A person, school district, or organization, with respect to a schoolbus equipped with passenger restraint systems pursuant to this section, shall not be charged for a violation of this code or any regulation adopted thereunder requiring a passenger to use a passenger restraint system, if a passenger on the schoolbus fails to use or improperly uses the passenger restraint system. (d) It is the intent of the Legislature, in implementing this section, that school pupil transportation providers work to prioritize the allocation of schoolbuses purchased, leased, or contracted for on or after July 1, 2004, for type 2 schoolbuses, or on or after July 1, 2005, for type 1 schoolbuses, to ensure that elementary level schoolbus passengers receive first priority for new schoolbuses whenever feasible. (e) On or before July 1, 2035, all schoolbuses in use in California shall be equipped with a passenger restraint system. (Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 206, Sec. 1. (AB 1798) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  8. 27316.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Type 2 school pupil activity buses sold or leased for use in California, if built on or after July 1, 2004, must have passenger restraint systems at all designated seating positions unless the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration specifically prohibits it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27316.5. (a) Unless specifically prohibited by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, all type 2 school pupil activity buses, manufactured on or after July 1, 2004, purchased or leased for use in California shall be equipped at all designated seating positions with a combination pelvic and upper torso passenger restraint system. (b) For purposes of this section, a “passenger restraint system” is either of the following: (1) A restraint system that is in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 209, for a type 2 seatbelt assembly, and with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 210, as those standards were in effect on the date that the school pupil activity bus was manufactured. (2) A restraint system certified by the school pupil activity bus manufacturer that is in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 222 and incorporates a type 2 lap-shoulder restraint system. (c) No person, school district, or organization, with respect to a type 2 school pupil activity bus equipped with passenger restraint systems pursuant to this section, may be charged for a violation of this code or any regulation adopted thereunder requiring a passenger to use a passenger restraint system, if a passenger on the school pupil activity bus fails to use or improperly uses the passenger restraint system. (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 397, Sec. 8. (SB 810) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  9. 27317.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section bans knowingly and intentionally selling, installing, or dealing in certain fake, nonfunctional, or noncompliant airbag replacement devices, and sets misdemeanor penalties for violations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27317. (a) A person shall not knowingly and intentionally manufacture, import, install, reinstall, distribute, sell, or offer for sale any device intended to replace a supplemental restraint system component in any motor vehicle if the device is a counterfeit supplemental restraint system component or a nonfunctional airbag, or does not meet federal safety requirements as provided in Section 571.208 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (b) A person shall not knowingly and intentionally sell, install, or reinstall in a vehicle, any device that causes the vehicle’s diagnostic systems to fail to warn when the vehicle is equipped with a counterfeit supplemental restraint system component or nonfunctional airbag, or when no airbag is installed. (c) A violation of subdivision (a) or (b) is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to five thousand dollars ($5,000) or by imprisonment in a county jail for up to one year, or by both the fine and imprisonment. (d) An installation or reinstallation shall not have occurred for purposes of this section until the work is complete. (e) The following definitions shall apply for purposes of this section: (1) “Airbag” means a motor vehicle inflatable occupant restraint system device that is part of a supplemental restraint system. (2) “Counterfeit supplemental restraint system component” means a replacement supplemental restraint system component, including, but not limited to, an airbag that displays a mark identical or substantially similar to the genuine mark of a motor vehicle manufacturer or a supplier of parts to the manufacturer of a motor vehicle without authorization from that manufacturer or supplier, respectively. (3) “Nonfunctional airbag” means a replacement airbag that meets any of the following criteria: (A) The airbag was previously deployed or damaged. (B) The airbag has an electric fault that is detected by the vehicle’s airbag diagnostic systems when the installation procedure is completed and the vehicle is returned to the customer who requested the work to be performed or when ownership is intended to be transferred. (C) The airbag includes a part or object, including, but not limited to, a supplemental restraint system component installed in a motor vehicle to mislead the owner or operator of the motor vehicle into believing that a functional airbag has been installed. (D) The airbag is subject to the prohibitions of subsection (j) of Section 30120 of Title 49 of the United States Code. (4) “Supplemental restraint system,” commonly referred to as an “SRS,” means a passive inflatable motor vehicle occupant crash protection system designed for use in conjunction with active restraint systems, as defined in Section 571.208 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. A supplemental restraint system includes one or more airbags and all components required to ensure that an airbag works as designed by the vehicle manufacturer, including both of the following: (A) The airbag operates in the event of a crash. (B) The airbag is designed in accordance with federal motor vehicle safety standards for the specific make, model, and year of the motor vehicle in which it is or will be installed. (f) This section does not affect any duties, rights, or remedies otherwise available at law. (g) This section does not preclude prosecution under any other law. (Repealed and added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 694, Sec. 2. (AB 2387) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  10. 27319.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    If a bus has a driver safety belt, the driver must wear it before operating the bus, and the motor carrier must keep the belt in good working order.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Safety Belts and Inflatable Restraint Systems [27302 - 27319] ( Heading of Article 3 amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 449, Sec. 1. ) ## 27319. (a) If a bus is equipped with a driver safety belt, the driver of the bus shall not operate the vehicle unless he or she is properly restrained by the safety belt. (b) If a bus is equipped with a driver safety belt, the motor carrier shall maintain the safety belt in good working order for the use of the driver. (c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 42001, a violation of this section is an infraction punishable by a fine of not more than twenty dollars ($20) for a first offense and a fine of not more than fifty dollars ($50) for each subsequent offense. (d) The requirements of this section are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 392.16 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or any similar federal law or regulation, but shall remain in effect in the absence of those laws. (e) This section shall be operative July 1, 2018. (Added by Stats. 2017, Ch. 593, Sec. 3. (SB 20) Effective January 1, 2018. Section operative July 1, 2018, by its own provisions.)
  11. 27360.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Parents, legal guardians, or drivers must secure young children in approved child restraint systems when transporting them on a highway in a motor vehicle, with a narrower rear-facing rule for children under two.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27360. (a) Except as provided in Section 27363, a parent, legal guardian, or driver who transports a child under eight years of age on a highway in a motor vehicle, as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 27315, shall properly secure that child in a rear seat in an appropriate child passenger restraint system meeting applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards. (b) Except as provided in Section 27363, a parent, legal guardian, or driver who transports a child under two years of age on a highway in a motor vehicle, as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 27315, shall properly secure the child in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system that meets applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards, unless the child weighs 40 or more pounds or is 40 or more inches tall. The child shall be secured in a manner that complies with the height and weight limits specified by the manufacturer of the child passenger restraint system. (c) This section does not apply to a driver if the parent or legal guardian of the child is a passenger in the motor vehicle. (d) This section shall become operative January 1, 2017. (Repealed (in Sec. 1) and added by Stats. 2015, Ch. 292, Sec. 2. (AB 53) Effective January 1, 2016. Section operative January 1, 2017, by its own provisions.)
  12. 27360.6.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section sets fines for convictions under Sections 27360 and 27360.5, and lets the court order or reduce education-related requirements in some cases.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27360.6. (a) (1) For a conviction under Section 27360 or 27360.5, a first offense is punishable by a fine of one hundred dollars ($100), except that the court may reduce or waive the fine if the defendant establishes to the satisfaction of the court that he or she is economically disadvantaged, and the court, instead, refers the defendant to a community education program that includes, but is not limited to, education on the proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system for children of all ages, and provides certification to the court of completion of that program. Upon completion of the program, the defendant shall provide proof of participation in the program. If an education program on the proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system is not available within 50 miles of the residence of the defendant, the requirement to participate in that program shall be waived. If the fine is paid, waived, or reduced, the court shall report the conviction to the department pursuant to Section 1803. (2) The court may require a defendant described under paragraph (1) to attend an education program that includes demonstration of proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system and provides certification to the court that the defendant has presented for inspection a child passenger restraint system that meets applicable federal safety standards. (b) (1) A second or subsequent conviction under Section 27360 or 27360.5 is punishable by a fine of two hundred fifty dollars ($250), no part of which may be waived by the court, except that the court may reduce or waive the fine if the defendant establishes to the satisfaction of the court that he or she is economically disadvantaged, and the court, instead refers the defendant to a community education program that includes, but is not limited to, education on the proper installation and use of child passenger restraint systems for children of all ages, and provides certification to the court of completion of that program. Upon completion of the program, the defendant shall provide proof of participation in the program. If an education program on the proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system is not available within 50 miles of the residence of the defendant, the requirement to participate in that program shall be waived. If the fine is paid, waived, or reduced, the court shall report the conviction to the department pursuant to Section 1803. (2) The court may require a defendant described under paragraph (1) to attend an education program that includes demonstration of proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system and provides certification to the court that the defendant has presented for inspection a child passenger restraint system that meets applicable federal safety standards. (c) Notwithstanding any other law, the fines collected under this section shall be allocated as follows: (1) (A) Sixty percent to health departments of local jurisdictions where the violation occurred, to be used for a community education and assistance program that includes, but is not limited to, demonstration of the proper installation and use of child passenger restraint systems for children of all ages and assistance to economically disadvantaged families in obtaining a restraint system through a low-cost purchase or loan. The county or city health department shall designate a coordinator to facilitate the creation of a special account and to develop a relationship with the court system to facilitate the transfer of funds to the program. The county or city may contract for the implementation of the program. Prior to obtaining possession of a child passenger restraint system pursuant to this subdivision, a person shall attend an education program that includes demonstration of proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system. (B) As the proceeds from fines become available, county or city health departments shall prepare and maintain a listing of all child passenger restraint low-cost purchase or loaner programs in their counties, including a semiannual verification that all programs listed are in existence. Each county or city shall forward the listing to the Office of Traffic Safety in the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency and the courts, birthing centers, community child health and disability prevention programs, county clinics, prenatal clinics, women, infants, and children programs, and county hospitals in that county, who shall make the listing available to the public. The Office of Traffic Safety shall maintain a listing of all of the programs in the state. (2) Twenty-five percent to the county or city for the administration of the community education program. (3) Fifteen percent to the city, to be deposited in its general fund except that, if the violation occurred in an unincorporated area, this amount shall be allocated to the county for purposes of paragraph (1). (Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 474, Sec. 7. (SB 929) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  13. 27361.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A law enforcement officer may stop a vehicle and may issue a notice to appear if the officer reasonably suspects a violation of the child passenger restraint sections.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27361. A law enforcement officer reasonably suspecting a violation of Section 27360 or 27360.5, or both of those sections, may stop a vehicle transporting a child appearing to the officer to be within the age specified in Section 27360 or 27360.5. The officer may issue a notice to appear for a violation of Section 27360 or 27360.5. (Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 474, Sec. 8. (SB 929) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  14. 27362.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers may not sell, offer for sale, or install a child passenger restraint system in a motor vehicle unless it complies with applicable federal safety standards on the date of manufacture.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27362. (a) A manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer shall not sell, offer for sale, or install in a motor vehicle, a child passenger restraint system that does not conform to all applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards on the date of manufacture. Responsibility for compliance with this section shall rest with the individual selling the system, offering the system for sale, or installing the system. A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished as follows: (1) Upon a first conviction, by a fine not exceeding four hundred dollars ($400), or by imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than 90 days, or both. (2) Upon a second or subsequent conviction, by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than 180 days, or both. (b) The fines collected for a violation of this section shall be allocated as follows: (1) (A) Sixty percent to the county or city health department where the violation occurred, to be used for a child passenger restraint low-cost purchase or loaner program which shall include, but not be limited to, education on the proper installation and use of a child passenger restraint system. The county health department shall designate a coordinator to facilitate the creation of a special account and to develop a relationship with the superior court to facilitate the transfer of funds to the program. The county may contract for the implementation of the program. Prior to obtaining possession of a child passenger restraint system pursuant to this section, a person shall receive information relating to the importance of utilizing that system. (B) As the proceeds from fines become available, county health departments shall prepare and maintain a listing of all child passenger restraint low-cost purchase or loaner programs in their counties, including a semiannual verification that all programs listed are in existence. Each county shall forward the listing to the Office of Traffic Safety in the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency and the courts, birthing centers, community child health and disability prevention programs, and county hospitals in that county, who shall make the listing available to the public. The Office of Traffic Safety shall maintain a listing of all of the programs in the state. (2) Twenty-five percent to the county for the administration of the program. (3) Fifteen percent to the city, to be deposited in its general fund except that, if the violation occurred in an unincorporated area, this amount shall be allocated to the county for purposes of paragraph (1). (Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 22, Sec. 204. Effective January 1, 2006.)
  15. 27362.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    An individual must not sell or offer for sale a child passenger restraint system that was used by a child in a motor vehicle accident.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27362.1. (a) No individual may sell or offer for sale a child passenger restraint system that was in use by a child during an accident involving a motor vehicle. (b) A violation of this section shall be punished by a fine of one hundred dollars ($100). (Added by Stats. 2002, Ch. 703, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2003.)
  16. 27363.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Hospitals, clinics, and birthing centers must give and explain child passenger restraint information and related contact details when discharging a child under eight.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27363.5. (a) A public or private hospital, clinic, or birthing center shall, at the time of the discharge of a child, provide to and discuss with the parents or the person to whom the child is released, if the child is under eight years of age, information on the current law requiring child passenger restraint systems, safety belts, and the transportation of children in rear seats. (b) A public or private hospital, clinic, or birthing center shall also provide to and discuss with the parent or person to whom the child is released, if the child is under eight years of age, contact information to direct the person to an Internet Web site or other contact that could provide, at no cost or low cost, information and assistance relating to child passenger restraint system requirements, installation, and inspection. Pursuant to this subdivision, the hospital, clinic, or birthing center does not have any additional obligation to provide patients with any assistance relating to child passenger restraint systems, other than providing the contact information as set forth in this subdivision. This contact information may include the following: (1) Call 1-866-SEAT-CHECK or visit www.seatcheck.org to find a nearby location. (2) The telephone number of the local office of the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (3) The Internet Web site for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Child Safety Seat Inspection Station Locator. (4) The Internet Web site for the State Department of Public Health’s child passenger restraint system safety inspection locator. (c) A public or private hospital, clinic, or birthing center shall not be responsible for the failure of the parent or person to whom the child is released to properly transport the child. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 185, Sec. 2. (AB 1452) Effective January 1, 2013.)
  17. 27364.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Legislature states that this article is meant to promote the safest possible transportation for children and emphasize the use of child passenger restraint systems.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27364. (a) It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting this article, to insure that children, who are, because of their tender years, helpless dependent passengers, are provided with the safest transportation possible. (b) It is the further intent of the Legislature to stress and communicate to all drivers in this state the importance of using child passenger restraint systems. (c) Nothing in this article shall be construed to extend application of these provisions to a class of children other than the class of children herein specified. (Amended by Stats. 1995, Ch. 512, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1996.)
  18. 27365.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    California car rental agencies must post or give customers a notice about child restraint rules and must offer child passenger restraint systems for rental on request; violations are punishable by a $100 fine.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27365. (a) (1) A car rental agency in California shall inform each of its customers of Section 27360 by posting, in a place conspicuous to the public in each established place of business of the agency, a notice not smaller than 15 by 20 inches which states the following: “CALIFORNIA LAW REQUIRES ALL CHILDREN UNDER 8 YEARS OF AGE TO BE TRANSPORTED IN THE REAR SEAT OF THE VEHICLE IN A CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM. THIS AGENCY IS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE FOR RENTAL OF A CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEM YOURSELF.” (2) The posted notice specified in paragraph (1) is not required if the car rental agency’s place of business is located in a hotel that has a business policy prohibiting the posting of signs or notices in any area of the hotel. In that case, a car rental agency shall furnish a written notice to each customer that contains the same information as required for the posted notice. (b) Every car rental agency in California shall have available for, and shall, upon request, provide for rental to, adults traveling with children under eight years of age, child passenger restraint systems that are certified by the manufacturer to meet applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards for use by children, are in good and safe condition, with no missing original parts, and are not older than five years. (c) A violation of this section is an infraction punishable by a fine of one hundred dollars ($100). (Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 474, Sec. 11. (SB 929) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  19. 27366.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must prepare and share public education materials about child passenger restraints, may run a billboard campaign when funding is available, and must meet annually with two other agencies to coordinate programs.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27366. (a) The department shall do the following: (1) Prepare and disseminate materials for the purpose of educating the public about the importance of using passenger restraints for infants and children under 15 years of age. These materials shall include, but are not limited to, audiovisual aids and written materials that explain the effects of motor vehicle accidents on infants and children and the reduction in risk of injury or death as a result of the utilization of passenger restraints for infants and children. (2) As funding is available, produce and administer a billboard campaign stressing the importance of utilizing child passenger restraint systems and instructing the public on where to obtain those systems. (b) The department, the Office of Traffic Safety, and the State Department of Health Services shall meet annually to coordinate, share information about, and outline the programs that each organization is pursuing in the area of child passenger restraint systems. (Added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 512, Sec. 10. Effective January 1, 1996.)
  20. 27368.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This article applies to child passengers in a fully enclosed three-wheeled motor vehicle that meets the listed size and weight limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.3. Child Safety Belt and Passenger Restraint Requirements [27360 - 27368] ( Heading of Article 3.3 amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1101, Sec. 3. ) ## 27368. This article applies to child passengers in a fully enclosed three-wheeled motor vehicle that is not less than seven feet in length and not less than four feet in width, and has an unladen weight of 900 pounds or more. (Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 710, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1998.)
  21. 27375.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.4. Emergency Exits for Charter-Party Carriers of Passengers [27375- 27375.] ( Article 3.4 added by Stats. 2013, Ch. 752, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    Modified limousines must have specified emergency exits, drivers must unlock doors in an emergency, and owners/operators must give safety instructions and disclosure to passengers.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.4. Emergency Exits for Charter-Party Carriers of Passengers [27375- 27375.] ( Article 3.4 added by Stats. 2013, Ch. 752, Sec. 2. ) ## 27375. (a) Any person who operates a modified limousine shall ensure that the vehicle has at least two rear side doors, as specified in paragraph (2), and one or two rear windows, as specified in paragraph (1), that the rear seat passengers or all passengers of the vehicle may open from the inside of the vehicle in case of any fire or other emergency that may require the immediate exit of the passengers of the vehicle. A limousine subject to this subdivision shall be equipped with both of the following: (1) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), at least two rear push-out windows that are accessible to all passengers. At least one push-out window shall be located on each side of the vehicle, unless the design of the limousine precludes the installation of a push-out window on one side of the vehicle, in which case the second push-out window shall instead be located in the roof of the vehicle. (B) If the design of the limousine precludes the installation of even one push-out window on a side of the vehicle, one push-out window shall instead be located in the roof of the vehicle. (C) The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall establish, by regulation, standards to ensure that window exits are operable and sufficient in emergency situations for limousine passengers. The department shall ensure that these regulations comply with any applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards. (D) For modified limousines modified prior to July 1, 2015, the requirements of this paragraph shall apply on and after January 1, 2018. (2) (A) At least two rear side doors that are accessible to all passengers and that may be opened manually by any passenger. At least one rear side door shall be located on each side of the vehicle. (B) For modified limousines modified on or after July 1, 2015, at least one of these side doors shall be located near the driver’s compartment and another near the back of the vehicle. (C) The rear side doors shall comply with any applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards as deemed necessary by the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (b) In the case of a fire or other emergency that requires the immediate exit of the passengers from the limousine, the driver of the limousine shall unlock the doors so that the rear side doors can be opened by the passengers from the inside of the vehicle. (c) An owner or operator of a limousine shall do all of the following: (1) Instruct all passengers on the safety features of the vehicle prior to the beginning of any trip, including, but not limited to, instructions for lowering the partition between the driver and passenger compartments and for communicating with the driver by the use of an intercom or other onboard or wireless device. (2) Disclose to the contracting party and the passengers whether the limousine meets the safety requirements described in this section. (3) If paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) applies, the owner or operator of a limousine shall further disclose to the contracting party and the passengers that the limousine does not meet the safety requirements required in subdivision (a) regarding vehicle escape options because of its exempt status, and therefore may pose a greater risk to passengers should emergency escape be necessary. (d) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), subdivision (a) shall not apply to any limousine manufactured before 1970 that has an active transportation charter-party carrier (TCP) number that was issued by the commission as of August 15, 2013. (2) Subdivision (a) shall apply to any limousine manufactured before 1970 if it was modified after August 15, 2013. (Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 711, Sec. 1. (SB 812) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  22. 27400.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.5. Headsets and Earplugs [27400- 27400.] ( Article 3.5 added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 87. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person operating a motor vehicle or bicycle may not wear a headset, earplugs, or earphones in both ears.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.5. Headsets and Earplugs [27400- 27400.] ( Article 3.5 added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 87. ) ## 27400. A person operating a motor vehicle or bicycle may not wear a headset covering, earplugs in, or earphones covering, resting on, or inserted in, both ears. This prohibition does not apply to any of the following: (a) A person operating authorized emergency vehicles, as defined in Section 165. (b) A person engaged in the operation of either special construction equipment or equipment for use in the maintenance of any highway. (c) A person engaged in the operation of refuse collection equipment who is wearing a safety headset or safety earplugs. (d) A person wearing personal hearing protectors in the form of earplugs or molds that are specifically designed to attenuate injurious noise levels. The plugs or molds shall be designed in a manner so as to not inhibit the wearer’s ability to hear a siren or horn from an emergency vehicle or a horn from another motor vehicle. (e) A person using a prosthetic device that aids the hard of hearing. (Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 451, Sec. 55. (SB 491) Effective January 1, 2016.)
  23. 27425.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.6. Charter-Party Carrier Safety Equipment [27425 - 27427] ( Article 3.6 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    Some large passenger vehicles must have emergency lighting that activates after an impact or collision, and they must always meet applicable FMVSS safety standards.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.6. Charter-Party Carrier Safety Equipment [27425 - 27427] ( Article 3.6 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. ) ## 27425. (a) A vehicle described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 5363 of the Public Utilities Code that is designed to carry 39 or more passengers and that is manufactured on or after July 1, 2020, shall be equipped with emergency lighting fixtures that will turn on in the event of an impact or collision. (b) A vehicle as specified in subdivision (a) shall at all times meet applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSS) issued by the United States Department of Transportation. This section shall not be construed to conflict with those standards. (Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. (SB 247) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  24. 27426.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.6. Charter-Party Carrier Safety Equipment [27425 - 27427] ( Article 3.6 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must adopt standards and criteria for implementing the safety equipment requirements in Section 27425 by July 1, 2018.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.6. Charter-Party Carrier Safety Equipment [27425 - 27427] ( Article 3.6 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. ) ## 27426. No later than July 1, 2018, the department shall adopt standards and criteria for the implementation of the safety equipment requirements specified in Section 27425. (Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. (SB 247) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  25. 27427.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.6. Charter-Party Carrier Safety Equipment [27425 - 27427] ( Article 3.6 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section says Article 3.6 does not change the requirements of the Passenger Charter-party Carriers’ Act.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3.6. Charter-Party Carrier Safety Equipment [27425 - 27427] ( Article 3.6 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 705, Sec. 2. ) ## 27427. This article does not alter or affect the requirements of the Passenger Charter-party Carriers’ Act (Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 5351) of Division 2 of the Public Utilities Code). (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 561, Sec. 256. (AB 1516) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  26. 27450.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Solid tires on vehicles must meet minimum resilient-rubber thickness requirements based on tire width.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27450. When any vehicle is equipped with any solid tire, the solid tire shall have a minimum thickness of resilient rubber as follows: (a) If the width of the tire is three inches but less than six inches, one inch thick. (b) If the width of the tire is six inches but not more than nine inches, 11/4 inches thick. (c) If the width of the tire is more than nine inches, 11/2 inches thick. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  27. 27451.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A solid tire’s rubber must be measured using the roadway surface and the nearest metal part of the base flange at the load-bearing point.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27451. The rubber of a solid tire shall be measured between the surface of the roadway and the nearest metal part of the base flange to which the tire is attached at the point where the concentrated weight of the vehicle bears upon the surface of the roadway. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  28. 27452.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A tire must have rubber of the required thickness evenly around its entire periphery, and a solid tire must be securely attached to the channel base and free of flat spots or bumpy rubber.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27452. The required thickness of rubber shall extend evenly around the entire periphery of the tire. The entire solid tire shall be securely attached to the channel base and shall be without flat spots or bumpy rubber. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  29. 27453.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Dual solid rubber tires may not have an average outside-diameter difference greater than 1/8 inch between the individual tires.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27453. There shall not be an average difference greater than 1/8 inch between the outside diameters of each single tire composing a dual solid rubber tire. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  30. 27454.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Tires on vehicles driven on highways may not have metal or wood protrusions that stick beyond the tread, subject to listed exceptions for traction devices, certain embedded-wire tires, construction use, permitted tractors, studded tires, and emergency vehicles.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27454. A tire on a vehicle upon a highway shall not have on its periphery any block, stud, flange, cleat, ridge, bead, or any other protuberance of metal or wood that projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire. This section does not apply to any of the following: (a) Tire traction devices of reasonable size used to prevent skidding when upon wet surfaces or when upon snow or ice. (b) Pneumatic tires that have embedded therein wire not to exceed 0.075 of an inch in diameter and that are constructed so that under no conditions will the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway exceed 5 percent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway, except that during the first 1,000 miles of use or operation of the tire, the metal in contact with the roadway may exceed 5 percent of the tire area in contact with the roadway, but shall in no event exceed 20 percent of the area. (c) Vehicles operated upon unimproved roadways when necessary in the construction or repair of highways. (d) Traction engines or tractors when operated under the conditions of a permit first obtained from the Department of Transportation. (e) (1) Pneumatic tires containing metal-type studs of tungsten carbide or other suitable material that are inserted or constructed so that under no condition will the number of studs or the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway exceed 3 percent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway, between November 1 and April 30 of each year. A vehicle may be equipped year-round with tires that have studs that retract pneumatically or mechanically when not in use, if the studs are retracted between May 1 and October 31 of each year. A tire on a vehicle shall not be worn to a point at which the studs protrude beyond the tire tread when retracted. (2) The commissioner, after consultation with the Department of Transportation, may extend the period during which the studded pneumatic tires may be used with studs deployed or inserted in areas of the state for the protection of the public because of adverse weather conditions. (f) Pneumatic tires used on an authorized emergency vehicle, as defined in Section 165, containing metal-type studs of tungsten carbide or other suitable material, if the studs are inserted or constructed so that under no conditions will the number of studs or the percentage of metal in contact with the roadway exceed 3 percent of the total tire area in contact with the roadway. Notwithstanding subdivision (e), authorized emergency vehicles are permitted the unrestricted use of studded pneumatic tires throughout the year. (Amended by Stats. 2008, Ch. 220, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2009.)
  31. 27455.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not sell or offer for sale an inner tube for a radial tire unless its valve stem is red or distinctly marked as required, and may not install an inner tube in a radial tire unless it is designed for radial tires.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27455. (a) On and after January 1, 1975, no person shall sell or offer for sale an inner tube for use in a radial tire unless, at the time of manufacture, the tube valve stem is colored red or is distinctly marked in accordance with rules and regulations adopted by the department, taking into consideration the recommendations of manufacturers of inner tubes. (b) No person shall install an inner tube in a radial tire unless the inner tube is designed for use in a radial tire. (Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 741.)
  32. 27459.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers may not operate vehicles on signed highway sections without tire traction devices, and certain lighter passenger vehicles or motortrucks may have to use traction devices or approved snow-tread tires on at least two drive wheels.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27459. No person shall operate any motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer upon any portion of a highway without tire traction devices when that portion of the highway is signed for the requirement of tire traction devices. In any case where a passenger vehicle or motortruck having an unladen weight of 6,000 pounds or less may be required by the Department of Transportation or local authorities to be equipped with tire traction devices, the devices shall be placed on at least two drive wheels, or the department or local authorities may provide, in the alternative, that the vehicle may be equipped with snow-tread tires on at least two drive wheels when the weather and surface conditions at the time are such that the stopping, tractive, and cornering abilities of the snow-tread tires are adequate. The snow-tread tires shall be of a type and design manufactured for use on snow as a replacement for tire chains or tire traction devices, shall be in good condition, and shall bear the marking of M-S, M/S, or other marking indicating that the tire was manufactured for use on snow, or, in the case of tires purchased before January 1, 1987, shall either bear the markings or, in the opinion of the inspecting officer, comply with the tread pattern requirements of Section 558. (Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 71, Sec. 4. Effective May 1, 1990.)
  33. 27459.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not sell, lease, install, or replace noncompliant tire traction devices on highway vehicles. Manufacturers of Section 605 tire traction devices must have lab test data proving compliance before offering the device for sale.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27459.5. (a) No person shall sell, offer for sale, lease, install, or replace on a vehicle for use on a highway, any tire traction devices which are not in compliance with requirements specified in Section 605. (b) Every manufacturer who sells, offers for sale, or manufactures for use upon a vehicle, tire traction devices subject to the requirements of Section 605 shall, before the device is offered for sale, have laboratory test data showing compliance with those requirements. Tests may be conducted by the manufacturer. (Added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 71, Sec. 5. Effective May 1, 1990.)
  34. 27460.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain qualifying four-wheel-drive passenger vehicles and motortrucks may be driven on highways without tire traction devices if they carry traction devices for one drive wheel set and meet the tire requirements; use is banned when tire performance is inadequate or signs prohibit it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27460. Any passenger vehicle or motortruck having an unladen weight of 6,500 pounds or less and operated and equipped with four-wheel drive and with snow-tread tires on all four drive wheels may be operated upon any portion of a highway without tire traction devices, notwithstanding the fact that the highway is signed for the requirement of those devices and provided that tire traction devices for at least one set of drive wheels are carried in or upon the vehicle. The snow-tread tires shall meet the requirements specified in Section 27459, and the vehicle shall not, when so operated, tow another vehicle except as may be necessary to move a disabled vehicle from the roadway. No person shall use those tires on four-wheel drive vehicles in place of tire traction devices whenever weather and roadway conditions at the time are such that the stopping, tractive, and cornering abilities of the tires are not adequate or whenever the Department of Transportation or local authorities, in their respective jurisdictions, place signs prohibiting their operation unless equipped with tire traction devices. (Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 71, Sec. 7. Effective May 1, 1990.)
  35. 27460.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not knowingly sell, offer for sale, or expose for sale a recut or regrooved motor vehicle tire, or a vehicle equipped with one, except a commercial vehicle tire.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27460.5. No person shall knowingly sell or offer or expose for sale any motor vehicle tire except a commercial vehicle tire, or any motor vehicle equipped with any tire except a commercial vehicle tire, which has been recut or regrooved. For purposes of this section a recut or regrooved tire is an unretreaded or unrecapped tire into which new grooves have been cut or burned. (Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1518.)
  36. 27461.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    No person may cause or permit, and no driver may knowingly operate, a non-commercial vehicle on a street or highway if it has recut or regrooved tires.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27461. No person shall cause or permit the operation of and no driver shall knowingly operate any motor vehicle except a commercial vehicle, on any street or highway, which is equipped with one or more recut or regrooved tires. For purposes of this section a recut or regrooved tire is an unretreaded or unrecapped tire into which new grooves have been cut or burned. (Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1518.)
  37. 27465.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section limits selling, installing, and using pneumatic tires with insufficient tread depth, and it sets specific minimum tread depths for different vehicles and tire types.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27465. (a) No dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or install on a vehicle axle for use on a highway, a pneumatic tire when the tire has less than the tread depth specified in subdivision (b). This subdivision does not apply to any person who installs on a vehicle, as part of an emergency service rendered to a disabled vehicle upon a highway, a spare tire with which the disabled vehicle was equipped. (b) No person shall use on a highway a pneumatic tire on a vehicle axle when the tire has less than the following tread depth, except when temporarily installed on a disabled vehicle as specified in subdivision (a): (1) One thirty-second (1/32) of an inch tread depth in any two adjacent grooves at any location of the tire, except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3). (2) Four thirty-second (4/32) of an inch tread depth at all points in all major grooves on a tire on the steering axle of any motor vehicle specified in Section 34500, and two thirty-second (2/32) of an inch tread depth at all points in all major grooves on all other tires on the axles of these vehicles. (3) Six thirty-second (6/32) of an inch tread depth at all points in all major grooves on snow tires used in lieu of tire traction devices in posted tire traction device control areas. (c) The measurement of tread depth shall not be made where tie bars, humps, or fillets are located. (d) The requirements of this section shall not apply to implements of husbandry. (e) The department, if it determines that such action is appropriate and in keeping with reasonable safety requirements, may adopt regulations establishing more stringent tread depth requirements than those specified in this section for those vehicles defined in Sections 322 and 545, and may adopt regulations establishing tread depth requirements different from those specified in this section for those vehicles listed in Section 34500. (Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 71, Sec. 8. Effective May 1, 1990.)
  38. 27470.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Nonpneumatic tires must meet federal standards, and people may not install or use a nonpneumatic tire on a highway unless it conforms to the regulations adopted under this section.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27470. (a) A nonpneumatic tire shall comply with the standards contained in Part 571 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (b) A nonpneumatic tire shall be considered a pneumatic tire for purposes of Sections 27454, 27459, 27459.5, 27460, 27460.5, 27461, 27465, and 27502. (c) The department may adopt regulations relating to standards for nonpneumatic tires for a vehicle type as it determines necessary to provide for public safety. (1) A person shall not install or use on a highway a nonpneumatic tire that is not in conformance with the regulations adopted pursuant to this subdivision. (2) In adopting regulations, the department shall consider Part 571 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations and guidance issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (d) For purposes of this section, “nonpneumatic tire” has the same meaning as defined in Section 571.129 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 219, Sec. 5. (SB 891) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  39. 275.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “crosswalk” and says a crosswalk does not exist where local authorities have posted no-crossing signs.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 275. “Crosswalk” is either: (a) That portion of a roadway included within the prolongation or connection of the boundary lines of sidewalks at intersections where the intersecting roadways meet at approximately right angles, except the prolongation of such lines from an alley across a street. (b) Any portion of a roadway distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, there shall not be a crosswalk where local authorities have placed signs indicating no crossing. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  40. 27500.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department may make regulations for pneumatic tire standards when it finds them necessary for public safety, and it must consider certain federal and industry rules as evidence of accepted standards.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27500. (a) The department may adopt regulations relating to standards for pneumatic tires of a vehicle type as it determines necessary to provide for public safety. (b) In adopting these regulations, the department shall consider as evidence of generally accepted standards, the rules and regulations which have been adopted by the Federal Highway Administration and Rubber Manufacturers Assocation. (Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 216.)
  41. 27501.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Dealers and retail permit holders may not sell or install noncompliant pneumatic tires for highway use, and no one may use such a tire on a highway.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27501. (a) No dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or install on a vehicle for use on a highway, a pneumatic tire which is not in compliance with regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27500. This subdivision shall not apply to any person who installs on a vehicle, as part of an emergency service rendered to a vehicle upon a highway, a spare tire with which such disabled vehicle was equipped. (b) No person shall use on a highway a pneumatic tire which is not in conformance with such regulations. (Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 70.)
  42. 27502.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Dealers and retail seller permit holders must not sell or install noncompliant tires for highway use.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27502. No dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell, offer for sale, expose for sale, or install on a vehicle for use on a highway, a tire which is not in compliance with regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27503. (Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 1197. Operative, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 1197, on operative date of regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27503.)
  43. 27503.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner must adopt noise standards for pneumatic tires after public hearings, and the regulations may require manufacturers to prove compliance.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. Tires [27450 - 27503] ( Article 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27503. (a) The commissioner, after public hearings, shall adopt regulations setting noise standards for pneumatic tires. Such standards shall be the lowest level of noise consistent with economic and technological feasibility and with public safety as stated in the regulations adopted pursuant to Section 27500. Such standards may be adopted for each tire-vehicle type combination. The regulations may require the manufacturer to prove to the commissioner that the tire meets the standards, subject to such inspection as the commissioner prescribes. The regulations shall be filed with the Legislature eight months after the federal study on tire noise is available, and shall become operative one year after such filing. (b) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section that the commissioner shall consider recommendations of the United States Department of Transportation before developing independent standards for tire noise. (Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 1197.)
  44. 27600.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain vehicles may not be operated unless they have fenders, covers, or similar protection that limits spray or splash, and the equipment must be at least as wide as the tire tread.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27600. No person shall operate any motor vehicle having three or more wheels, any trailer, or semitrailer unless equipped with fenders, covers, or devices, including flaps or splash aprons, or unless the body of the vehicle or attachments thereto afford adequate protection to effectively minimize the spray or splash of water or mud to the rear of the vehicle and all such equipment or such body or attachments thereto shall be at least as wide as the tire tread. This section does not apply to those vehicles exempt from registration, trailers and semitrailers having an unladen weight of under 1,500 pounds, or any vehicles manufactured and first registered prior to January 1, 1971, having an unladen weight of under 1,500 pounds. (Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 215.)
  45. 27602.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not drive a motor vehicle if certain video or television display equipment is operating and visible to the driver, subject to listed exceptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27602. (a) A person shall not drive a motor vehicle if a television receiver, a video monitor, or a television or video screen, or any other similar means of visually displaying a television broadcast or video signal that produces entertainment or business applications, is operating and is located in the motor vehicle at a point forward of the back of the driver’s seat, or is operating and the monitor, screen, or display is visible to the driver while driving the motor vehicle. (b) Subdivision (a) does not apply to the following equipment when installed in a vehicle: (1) A vehicle information display. (2) A global positioning display. (3) A mapping display. (4) A visual display used to enhance or supplement the driver’s view forward, behind, or to the sides of a motor vehicle for the purpose of maneuvering the vehicle. (5) A television receiver, video monitor, television or video screen, or any other similar means of visually displaying a television broadcast or video signal, if that equipment satisfies one of the following requirements: (A) The equipment has an interlock device that, when the motor vehicle is driven, disables the equipment for all uses except as a visual display as described in paragraphs (1) to (4), inclusive. (B) The equipment is designed, operated, and configured in a manner that prevents the driver of the motor vehicle from viewing the television broadcast or video signal while operating the vehicle in a safe and reasonable manner. (6) A mobile digital terminal that is fitted with an opaque covering that does not allow the driver to view any part of the display while driving, even though the terminal may be operating, installed in a vehicle that is owned or operated by any of the following: (A) An electrical corporation, as defined in Section 218 of the Public Utilities Code. (B) A gas corporation, as defined in Section 222 of the Public Utilities Code. (C) A sewer system corporation, as defined in Section 230.6 of the Public Utilities Code. (D) A telephone corporation, as defined in Section 234 of the Public Utilities Code. (E) A water corporation, as defined in Section 241 of the Public Utilities Code. (F) A local publicly owned electric utility, as defined in Section 224.3 of the Public Utilities Code. (G) A city, joint powers agency, or special district, if that local entity uses the vehicle solely in the provision of sewer service, gas service, water service, or wastewater service. (c) Subdivision (a) does not apply to a mobile digital terminal installed in an authorized emergency vehicle or to a motor vehicle providing emergency road service or roadside assistance. (d) Subdivision (a) does not apply to a mobile digital terminal installed in a vehicle when the vehicle is deployed in an emergency to respond to an interruption or impending interruption of electrical, natural gas, telephone, sewer, water, or wastewater service, and the vehicle is owned or operated by any of the following: (1) An electrical corporation, as defined in Section 218 of the Public Utilities Code. (2) A gas corporation, as defined in Section 222 of the Public Utilities Code. (3) A sewer system corporation, as defined in Section 230.6 of the Public Utilities Code. (4) A telephone corporation, as defined in Section 234 of the Public Utilities Code. (5) A water corporation, as defined in Section 241 of the Public Utilities Code. (6) A local publicly owned electric utility, as defined in Section 224.3 of the Public Utilities Code. (7) A city, joint powers agency, or special district, if that local entity uses the vehicle solely in the provision of sewer service, gas service, water service, or wastewater service. (Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 328, Sec. 231. (SB 1330) Effective January 1, 2011.)
  46. 27603.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    If a former school bus is sold and will be used only for non-pupil transport, the purchaser must repaint it to a different color before driving it on a street or highway, except when the school bus is transferred to a nonprofit under a contract requiring return to the original owner within 90 days.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27603. When a motor vehicle formerly used as a schoolbus is sold to any person and is used exclusively for purposes other than the transportation of pupils pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 39830) of Chapter 5 of Part 23 of the Education Code, it shall be painted by the purchaser a color different than that prescribed by the Department of the California Highway Patrol for schoolbuses before it is operated on any street or highway other than to have the vehicle painted or moved to a place of storage. The provisions of this section shall not apply where the ownership of a schoolbus is transferred to a nonprofit organization under a contractual arrangement under which the ownership is required to be retransferred to the original owner within 90 days of the date of the original transfer. (Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 676, Sec. 314.)
  47. 27604.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Former law enforcement vehicles sold for non-law-enforcement use must be repainted or partially repainted and have identifying insignia removed before street or highway operation, with several exceptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27604. (a) When a motor vehicle, painted, as required by Section 40800, and formerly used in the enforcement of the provisions of Division 10 (commencing with Section 20000) or 11 (commencing with Section 21000), is sold to any person and is used for purposes other than law enforcement, the vehicle shall be painted or partially painted by the seller or agency formerly using such vehicle so that it will no longer resemble a vehicle complying with Section 40800 and any insignia or other marking of the vehicle identifying it as a traffic law enforcement vehicle shall be removed by the seller or agency formerly using such vehicle before it shall be operated on any street or highway, other than to have the vehicle moved to be painted or to a place of storage. (b) This section shall not apply to former law enforcement vehicles, without insignia, which are painted one solid color, or which are used exclusively for movie or television production and display signs stating “movie car” prominently on the doors, or which are motorcycles, as defined in Section 400, without insignia. (c) This section shall not apply to a vehicle, if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) The vehicle is possessed by a federal, state, or local historical society or museum that is open to the public. (2) The vehicle is secured from unauthorized operation. (3) The vehicle is not operated on any public road or highway, unless one of the following applies: (A) The vehicle is being operated within a temporary street closure for the purposes of celebrations, parades, local special events, and other purposes when the operation is approved by local authorities having jurisdiction over the street closure. (B) The vehicle is of a model year of at least twenty-five years prior to the year of operation. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 260, Sec. 1. (AB 309) Effective January 1, 2020.)
  48. 27605.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not own or drive a motor vehicle painted to look like an on-duty peace officer or traffic officer vehicle, subject to listed exceptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27605. (a) No person shall own or operate a motor vehicle painted in the manner described in Section 40800 to resemble a motor vehicle used by a peace officer or traffic officer on duty for the primary purpose of enforcing the provisions of Division 10 (commencing with Section 20000) or Division 11 (commencing with Section 21000) pursuant to Section 40800. (b) This section shall not apply to vehicles which are painted one solid color or to vehicles first registered on or before January 1, 1979. These provisions shall not apply to vehicles that are any of the following: (1) Owned by vehicle manufacturers or dealers. (2) Used by law enforcement agencies in the enforcement of the provisions of Division 10 (commencing with Section 20000) or Division 11 (commencing with Section 21000). (3) Owned by persons or companies who use the vehicles exclusively for movie or television production and display signs stating “movie car” prominently on the doors. (4) Owned by persons or companies who use the vehicles exclusively for funeral escort purposes. (5) Motorcycles, as defined in Section 400, without insignia. (c) This section shall not apply to a vehicle, if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) The vehicle is possessed by a federal, state, or local historical society or museum that is open to the public. (2) The vehicle is secured from unauthorized operation. (3) The vehicle is not operated on any public road or highway, unless one of the following applies: (A) The vehicle is being operated within a temporary street closure for the purposes of celebrations, parades, local special events, and other purposes when the operation is approved by local authorities having jurisdiction over the street closure. (B) The vehicle is of a model year of at least twenty-five years prior to the year of operation. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 260, Sec. 2. (AB 309) Effective January 1, 2020.)
  49. 27606.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not own or operate a motor vehicle with a light bar, or similar device, that is designed to look like a peace officer or traffic officer vehicle, unless an exception applies.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27606. (a) No person shall own or operate a motor vehicle which is equipped with a light bar, or facsimile thereof, to resemble a motor vehicle used by a peace officer or traffic officer while on duty within that jurisdiction for the primary purpose of enforcing Division 10 (commencing with Section 20000) or Division 11 (commencing with Section 21000) pursuant to Section 40800. (b) For purposes of this section the following definitions apply: (1) A “light bar” means any light or device affixed to or mounted upon the roof of a vehicle and extending the width of the roof, or a substantial portion thereof, which emits amber, red, or blue, or any combination of those lights. (2) A “facsimile of a light bar” is any device designed or contrived to resemble a light bar regardless of the degree of light emission or lack thereof. (c) This section shall not apply to a vehicle, if all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) The vehicle is possessed by a federal, state, or local historical society or museum that is open to the public. (2) The vehicle is secured from unauthorized operation. (3) The vehicle is not operated on any public road or highway, unless one of the following applies: (A) The vehicle is being operated within a temporary street closure for the purposes of celebrations, parades, local special events, and other purposes when the operation is approved by local authorities having jurisdiction over the street closure. (B) The vehicle is of a model year of at least twenty-five years prior to the year of operation. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 260, Sec. 3. (AB 309) Effective January 1, 2020.)
  50. 27607.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Section 27607 exempts certain licensed persons’ vehicles from Section 27606 when they are using the vehicles to perform their duties, but it does not let them install a light bar if other law or regulation forbids it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. Fenders, Ornaments, and Television [27600 - 27607] ( Article 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27607. (a) Section 27606 does not apply to vehicles owned or used by persons licensed pursuant to Article 3.1 (commencing with Section 7540) or Article 3.2 (commencing with Section 7544) of Chapter 11.5 of, or Chapter 11.6 (commencing with Section 7590) of, Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code in the performance of their duties under those provisions. (b) This section does not authorize those persons described in subdivision (a) to equip a vehicle with a light bar if prohibited by other provisions of existing law or regulation. (Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 759, Sec. 2.)
  51. 27700.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 6. Tow Trucks [27700- 27700.] ( Heading of Article 6 amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1360, Sec. 160. )

    Verify source ↗

    Tow trucks must carry brooms, shovels, and approved fire extinguishers, and tow truck drivers must clean up glass, debris, and, when practical, spread dirt over oil or grease on the roadway after removing a disabled vehicle. Repossession agencies licensed under the cited Business and Professions Code chapter are exempt.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 6. Tow Trucks [27700- 27700.] ( Heading of Article 6 amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1360, Sec. 160. ) ## 27700. (a) Tow trucks shall be equipped with and carry all of the following: (1) One or more brooms, and the driver of the tow truck engaged to remove a disabled vehicle from the scene of an accident shall remove all glass and debris deposited upon the roadway by the disabled vehicle which is to be towed. (2) One or more shovels, and whenever practical the tow truck driver engaged to remove any disabled vehicle shall spread dirt upon that portion of the roadway where oil or grease has been deposited by the disabled vehicle. (3) One or more fire extinguishers of the dry chemical or carbon dioxide type with an aggregate rating of at least 4-B, C units and bearing the approval of a laboratory nationally recognized as properly equipped to make the approval. (b) A person licensed as a repossession agency pursuant to Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 7500) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code is exempt from this section. (Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 924, Sec. 17.)
  52. 27800.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A motorcycle or motorized bicycle driver may not carry another person unless the passenger is on a rear seat with footrests or in a proper sidecar, and passengers must keep their feet on the footrests while the vehicle is moving.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27800. It is unlawful for a driver of a motorcycle or a motorized bicycle to carry any other person thereon, except on a seat securely fastened to the machine at the rear of the driver and provided with footrests, or in a sidecar attached to a motorcycle and designed for the purpose of carrying a passenger. Every passenger on a motorcycle or a motorized bicycle shall keep his feet on the footrests while such vehicle is in motion. (Amended by Stats. 1978, Ch. 421.)
  53. 27801.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not drive a two-wheel motorcycle if the seat is too high to reach the ground with the driver’s feet or if the handlebars are more than six inches above shoulder height when holding the grips.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27801. A person shall not drive a two-wheel motorcycle that is equipped with either of the following: (a) A seat so positioned that the driver, when sitting astride the seat, cannot reach the ground with his or her feet. (b) Handlebars so positioned that the hands of the driver, when upon the grips, are more than six inches above his or her shoulder height when sitting astride the seat. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 280, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  54. 27802.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department may set helmet safety standards, and no person may sell or offer for sale a motorcycle or motorized bicycle helmet that does not meet those standards.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27802. (a) The department may adopt reasonable regulations establishing specifications and standards for safety helmets offered for sale, or sold, for use by drivers and passengers of motorcycles and motorized bicycles as it determines are necessary for the safety of those drivers and passengers. The regulations shall include, but are not limited to, the requirements imposed by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 218 (49 C.F.R. Sec. 571.218) and may include compliance with that federal standard by incorporation of its requirements by reference. Each helmet sold or offered for sale for use by drivers and passengers of motorcycles and motorized bicycles shall be conspicuously labeled in accordance with the federal standard which shall constitute the manufacturer’s certification that the helmet conforms to the applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards. (b) No person shall sell, or offer for sale, for use by a driver or passenger of a motorcycle or motorized bicycle any safety helmet which is not of a type meeting requirements established by the department. (Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 163, Sec. 1.)
  55. 27803.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers and passengers on motorcycles, motor-driven cycles, and motorized bicycles must wear a safety helmet, and riding or operating is unlawful if they do not.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 7. Motorcycles [27800 - 27803] ( Article 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27803. (a) A driver and any passenger shall wear a safety helmet meeting requirements established pursuant to Section 27802 when riding on a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, or motorized bicycle. (b) It is unlawful to operate a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, or motorized bicycle if the driver or any passenger is not wearing a safety helmet as required by subdivision (a). (c) It is unlawful to ride as a passenger on a motorcycle, motor-driven cycles, or motorized bicycle if the driver or any passenger is not wearing a safety helmet as required by subdivision (a). (d) This section applies to persons who are riding on motorcycles, motor-driven cycles, or motorized bicycles operated on the highways. (e) For the purposes of this section, “wear a safety helmet” or “wearing a safety helmet” means having a safety helmet meeting the requirements of Section 27802 on the person’s head that is fastened with the helmet straps and that is of a size that fits the wearing person’s head securely without excessive lateral or vertical movement. (f) This section does not apply to a person operating, or riding as a passenger in, a fully enclosed three-wheeled motor vehicle that is not less than seven feet in length and not less than four feet in width, and has an unladen weight of 900 pounds or more, if the vehicle meets or exceeds all of the requirements of this code, the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, and the rules and regulations adopted by the United States Department of Transportation and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (g) In enacting this section, it is the intent of the Legislature to ensure that all persons are provided with an additional safety benefit while operating or riding a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, or motorized bicycle. (Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 710, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 1998.)
  56. 27900.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain for-hire and commercial vehicles must display the operating person’s name or trademark on both sides, with a rental-vehicle exception if specific markings and documents are present.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27900. (a) A motor vehicle or combination of vehicles used to carry the property of others for hire or used to carry passengers for hire, a truck or truck tractor with three or more axles or a truck tractor with a semitrailer, and all commercial motor vehicles, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 34601, shall have displayed on both sides of each vehicle or on both sides of one of the vehicles in each combination of vehicles the name or trademark of the person under whose authority the vehicle or combination of vehicles is being operated. (b) The name or trademark of the motor carrier operating a vehicle or combination of vehicles listed in subdivision (a) under a rental agreement with a term of not more than 30 calendar days is not required to be displayed if all of the following requirements are met: (1) The name or trademark of the lessor is displayed on both sides of each vehicle or on both sides of one of the vehicles in each combination of vehicles. (2) Any of the following numbers issued to the lessor are displayed on both sides of each vehicle or on both sides of one of the vehicles in each combination of vehicles: (A) The carrier identification number issued by the United States Department of Transportation. (B) A valid operating authority number. (C) A valid motor carrier of property number. (3) (A) A copy of the rental agreement entered into by the lessor and the vehicle operator is in the vehicle or combination of vehicles. (B) The rental agreement shall be available for inspection immediately upon the request of an authorized employee of the department, any regularly employed and salaried police officer or deputy sheriff, or any reserve police officer or reserve deputy sheriff listed in Section 830.6 of the Penal Code. (C) If the rented vehicle or combination of vehicles is operated in conjunction with a commercial enterprise, the rental agreement shall include the operator’s carrier identification number or motor carrier of property permit number. (c) A vehicle or combination of vehicles that is in compliance with Section 390.21 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations shall be deemed to be in compliance with subdivision (b). (d) All names, trademarks, and other identifiers for companies no longer in business, no longer operating with the same name, or no longer operating under the same operating authority, shall be removed from or covered over on every motor vehicle or combination of vehicles listed in subdivision (a), within 60 days from the change of company ownership or operation. Those vehicles or combinations of vehicles shall be remarked pursuant to subdivision (a) before they may be operated on the highways. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 311, Sec. 8. (SB 814) Effective January 1, 2022.)
  57. 27901.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The name or trademark must be shown in high-contrast letters that are large, shaped, and colored so they can be read in daylight from 50 feet away.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27901. The display of the name or trademark shall be in letters in sharp contrast to the background and shall be of such size, shape, and color as to be readily legible during daylight hours from a distance of 50 feet. This section does not prohibit additional displays not inconsistent with this article. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  58. 27902.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Section 27900 does not apply to certain vehicles and related towed vehicles.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27902. Section 27900 does not apply to any motor vehicle having an unladen weight of 6,000 pounds or less or to any vehicle towed by such motor vehicles, or to any motor vehicle operating under manufacturers, dealers, or transporters special plates, or to any motor vehicle operated by a passenger stage corporation subject to the jurisdiction of the Public Utilities Commission. (Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1021.)
  59. 27903.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicles carrying certain hazardous materials must display the required placards and markings, and must not display them unless federal rules allow or require it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27903. (a) A vehicle transporting an explosive, blasting agent, flammable liquid, flammable solid, oxidizing material, corrosive, compressed gas, poison, radioactive material, or other hazardous materials, of the type and in quantities that require the display of placards or markings on the vehicle exterior by the United States Department of Transportation pursuant to Parts 172, 173, and 177 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations shall display those placards and markings in the manner and under conditions prescribed by those regulations. (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), a vehicle shall not display hazardous materials placards or markings unless permitted or required by Subparts D and F of Part 172 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (c) This section does not apply to any of the following: (1) A vehicle transporting not more than 20 pounds of smokeless powder or not more than five pounds of black sporting powder or any combination thereof. (2) The operation of a vehicle excepted by subdivision (b) of Section 34501. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 219, Sec. 6. (SB 891) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  60. 27904.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A pilot car must display a sign on both sides showing the name of the company that owns or operates it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27904. There shall be displayed in a conspicuous place on both the right and left sides of a pilot car a sign showing the name of the company which owns or operates the pilot car. The name shall contrast with the background and shall be of a size, shape, and color as to be readily legible during daylight hours from a distance of 50 feet. Additional markings which do not interfere with the legibility of the name may also be displayed. (Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 2.)
  61. 27904.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A pilot car must display an oversize sign that is neat, clean, legible, and meets required size, color, and lettering specifications.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27904.5. Subject to Section 35783.5, a pilot car shall display neat, clean, and legible signs containing the word “OVERSIZE.” The words “OVERSIZE LOAD,” “WIDE LOAD,” or “LONG LOAD” may be substituted as applicable. The sign shall be a minimum of 48 inches above the ground and shall be legible at 45 degrees from either side when read from the front or rear. The sign shall have a bright yellow background with a minimum projected area of 440 square inches. The lettering shall be black with a 1-inch minimum brush stroke width and a 6-inch minimum letter height. (Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 3.)
  62. 27905.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A vehicle may not display a sign with the words “fire” or “fire department,” except for specified fire-related government and department vehicles and privately owned vehicles of regular members of those fire departments.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27905. It is unlawful to display on a vehicle any sign with the words “fire” or “fire department” thereon, except on vehicles owned and operated by a regularly organized fire department, fire district, forestry service, or the State Fire Marshal’s Office, and on the privately owned vehicles of any regular member of any such fire departments. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  63. 27906.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    School buses used to transport pupils at or below the 12th-grade level must display specific “schoolbus” and “Stop When Red Lights Flash” signs; other vehicles generally may not show “schoolbus,” except for a stated disability-transport exception.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27906. (a) Every schoolbus, while being used for the transportation of school pupils at or below the 12th-grade level shall bear upon the front and rear of the bus a plainly visible sign containing the word “schoolbus” in letters not less than eight inches in height. The letters on schoolbus signs shall be of proportionate width. Except as provided in subdivision (b), no other vehicle shall display a sign containing the word “schoolbus.” (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), a schoolbus which is also used to transport persons of any age who are developmentally disabled, as defined by the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act (Division 4.5 (commencing with Section 4500) of the Welfare and Institutions Code), may display a sign containing the word “schoolbus” while transporting those persons to or from vocational, prevocational, or work training centers sponsored by the State Department of Developmental Services. (c) Every schoolbus, when operated for the transportation of school pupils at or below the 12th-grade level, shall bear upon the rear of the bus, below the rear windows, a plainly visible sign containing the words “Stop When Red Lights Flash” in letters not less than six inches in height. The letters on schoolbus signs shall be of proportionate width. (Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 678, Sec. 3.)
  64. 27906.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A youth bus used to transport school pupils must display a plainly visible “YOUTH BUS” sign on the front and rear, with letters at least eight inches high.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27906.5. Every youth bus, when operated for the transportation of school pupils, shall bear, upon the front and rear of the youth bus, a plainly visible sign containing the words “YOUTH BUS” in letters not less than eight inches in height. The letters on youth bus signs shall be of proportionate width and the letters shall be in sharp contrast to the background. (Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 383, Sec. 6. Effective July 4, 1982. Operative on date (not sooner than October 1, 1982, or later than January 1, 1983) prescribed by Sec. 13 of Ch. 383.)
  65. 27906.7.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain school entities may put clean-air zero-emission signage on the rear of qualifying schoolbuses, and CHP may issue guidelines on the signage’s size and placement.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27906.7. (a) A school district, county office of education, or charter school using a zero-emission schoolbus to transport pupils at or below the 12th-grade level may place signage on the rear of the zero-emission schoolbus that identifies the schoolbus as a clean air zero-emission bus. The signage may specify the fuel type of the zero-emission schoolbus. (b) The Department of the California Highway Patrol may issue guidelines governing the size and placement of the signage described in subdivision (a). (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 413, Sec. 1. (SB 775) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  66. 27907.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Tow trucks and certain related vehicles must display a sign on both sides with the required company or owner/operator information.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27907. There shall be displayed in a conspicuous place on both the right and left side of a tow truck, a repossessor’s tow vehicle, or an automobile dismantler’s tow vehicle used to tow or carry vehicles a sign showing the name of the company or the owner or operator of the tow truck or tow vehicle. The sign shall also contain the business address and telephone number of the owner or driver. The letters and numbers of the sign shall not be less than 2 inches in height and shall be in contrast to the color of the background upon which they are placed. A person licensed as a repossession agency pursuant to Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 7500) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code, or a registrant of the agency, may use the license number issued to the agency by the Department of Consumer Affairs in lieu of a name, business address, and telephone number. (Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 456, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 2000.)
  67. 27908.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Taxicabs must display a heavy, passenger-visible sign with specified agency and company contact information.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27908. (a) In every taxicab operated in this state there shall be a sign of heavy material, not smaller than 6 inches by 4 inches, or such other size as the agency regulating the operation of the taxicab provides for other notices or signs required to be in every taxicab, securely attached and clearly displayed in view of the passenger at all times, providing in letters as large as the size of the sign will reasonably allow, all of the following information: (1) The name, address, and telephone number of the agency regulating the operation of the taxicab. (2) The name, address, and telephone number of the firm licensed or controlled by the agency regulating the operation of the taxicab. (b) In the event more than one local regulatory agency has jurisdiction over the operation of the taxicab, the notice required by paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) shall provide the name, address, and telephone number of the agency having jurisdiction in the area where the taxicab operator conducts its greatest volume of business; or, if this cannot readily be ascertained, the agency having jurisdiction in the area where the taxicab operator maintains its offices or primary place of business, provided that the operator conducts a substantial volume of business in such area; or, if neither of the foregoing provisions apply, any agency having jurisdiction of an area where the taxicab operator conducts a substantial volume of business. (c) As used in this section, “taxicab” means a passenger vehicle designed for carrying not more than eight persons, excluding the driver, and used to carry passengers for hire. “Taxicab” shall not include a charter-party carrier of passengers within the meaning of the Passenger Charter-party Carriers’ Act, Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 5351) of Division 2 of the Public Utilities Code. (Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 1158.)
  68. 27909.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicles carrying LPG or natural gas in concealed tanks must display fuel letters on the outside, and they may alternatively use side markings that identify the fuel type.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27909. Any vehicle which carries liquefied petroleum gas fuel or natural gas, in a tank attached to a vehicle, in any concealed area, including trunks, compartments, or under the vehicle, shall display on the exterior of the vehicle the letters “CNG,” “LNG,” or “LPG,” whichever type fuel is utilized, in block letters at least one inch high. The letters shall be of contrasting color and shall be placed as near as possible to the area of the location of the tank. Any vehicle fueled by liquefied petroleum gas fuel or by natural gas may also comply with this section by displaying on each side of the vehicle words or letters at least 0.25 inch high indicating that the vehicle is fueled by liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas. It is unlawful to dispense liquefied petroleum gas fuel or natural gas into any tank in a concealed area of any vehicle registered in California, unless the vehicle complies with the requirements of this section. (Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 142, Sec. 171.)
  69. 27910.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of the California Highway Patrol must start a 12-month study and then submit recommendations to the Legislature on how to enforce and comply with the Commercial Vehicle Registration Act of 2001.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 8. Signs [27900 - 27910] ( Article 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 27910. The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall initiate a 12-month study to determine an effective means to enforce the provisions of the Commercial Vehicle Registration Act of 2001. The Department of the California Highway Patrol, after consultation with representatives from the Department of Transportation, the Board of Equalization, the Department of Motor Vehicles, and the commercial vehicle industry, shall provide, on or before July 1, 2003, recommendations to the Legislature for actions to be taken to ensure compliance with that act. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 861, Sec. 55. Effective September 29, 2000. Operative December 31, 2001, pursuant to Sec. 67 of Ch. 861.)
  70. 28.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person taking possession of a vehicle under a security agreement or lease agreement must notify the correct local law enforcement agency within one hour and keep trying if the notification cannot be received and recorded.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 28. (a) Whenever possession is taken of any vehicle by or on behalf of its legal owner under the terms of a security agreement or lease agreement, the person taking possession shall contact, for the purpose of providing the information required pursuant to subdivision (d), within one hour after taking possession of the vehicle, by the most expeditious means available, the city police department where the taking of possession occurred, if within an incorporated city, or the sheriff’s department of the county where the taking of possession occurred, if outside an incorporated city, or the police department of a campus of the University of California or the California State University, if the taking of possession occurred on that campus. If, after an attempt to notify, law enforcement is unable to receive and record the notification required pursuant to subdivision (d), the person taking possession of the vehicle shall continue to attempt notification until the information required pursuant to subdivision (d) is provided. (b) If possession is taken of more than one vehicle, the possession of each vehicle shall be considered and reported as a separate event. (c) Any person failing to notify the city police department, sheriff’s department, or campus police department as required by this section is guilty of an infraction, and shall be fined a minimum of three hundred dollars ($300), and up to five hundred dollars ($500). The district attorney, city attorney, or city prosecutor shall promptly notify the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services of any conviction resulting from a violation of this section. (d) For the notification required by this section, the person shall report only the following information and in the following order: (1) The approximate location of the repossession. (2) The date and approximate time of the repossession. (3) The vehicle year, make, and model. (4) The last six digits of the vehicle identification number. (5) The registered owner as provided on the repossession assignment. (6) The legal owner requesting the repossession as provided on the repossession assignment. (7) The name of the repossession agency. (8) The telephone number of the repossession agency. (Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 740, Sec. 13. (AB 281) Effective January 1, 2016.)
  71. 280.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “darkness” for the Vehicle Code.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 280. “Darkness” is any time from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise and any other time when visibility is not sufficient to render clearly discernible any person or vehicle on the highway at a distance of 1,000 feet. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 635.)
  72. 2800.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section makes it unlawful to ignore certain lawful orders, out-of-service orders, and inspection requirements.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2800. (a) It is unlawful to willfully fail or refuse to comply with a lawful order, signal, or direction of a peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, when that peace officer is in uniform and is performing duties pursuant to any of the provisions of this code, or to refuse to submit to a lawful inspection pursuant to this code. (b) (1) Except as authorized pursuant to Section 24004, it is unlawful to fail or refuse to comply with a lawful out-of-service order issued by an authorized employee of the Department of the California Highway Patrol or by an authorized enforcement officer as described in subdivision (d). (2) It is unlawful for a driver transporting hazardous materials in a commercial motor vehicle that is required to display a placard pursuant to Section 27903 to violate paragraph (1). (3) It is unlawful for a driver of a vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver, to violate paragraph (1). (c) It is unlawful to fail or refuse to comply with a lawful out-of-service order issued by the United States Secretary of the Department of Transportation. (d) “Out-of-Service order” means a declaration by an authorized enforcement officer of a federal, state, Canadian, Mexican, or local jurisdiction that a driver, a commercial motor vehicle, or a motor carrier operation is out-of-service pursuant to Section 386.72, 392.5, 392.9a, 395.13, or 396.9 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, state law, or the North American Standard Out-of-Service Criteria. (e) It is unlawful for a driver of a commercial vehicle subject to inspection under this code to fail to comply with any vehicle inspection testing and associated procedures as required by an authorized member of the California Highway Patrol. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 295, Sec. 3. (AB 2956) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  73. 2800.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person who, while driving and intending to evade, willfully flees or tries to elude a pursuing peace officer’s vehicle or bicycle commits a misdemeanor.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2800.1. (a) Any person who, while operating a motor vehicle and with the intent to evade, willfully flees or otherwise attempts to elude a pursuing peace officer’s motor vehicle, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year if all of the following conditions exist: (1) The peace officer’s motor vehicle is exhibiting at least one lighted red lamp visible from the front and the person either sees or reasonably should have seen the lamp. (2) The peace officer’s motor vehicle is sounding a siren as may be reasonably necessary. (3) The peace officer’s motor vehicle is distinctively marked. (4) The peace officer’s motor vehicle is operated by a peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, and that peace officer is wearing a distinctive uniform. (b) Any person who, while operating a motor vehicle and with the intent to evade, willfully flees or otherwise attempts to elude a pursuing peace officer’s bicycle, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year if the following conditions exist: (1) The peace officer’s bicycle is distinctively marked. (2) The peace officer’s bicycle is operated by a peace officer, as defined in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a), and that peace officer is wearing a distinctive uniform. (3) The peace officer gives a verbal command to stop. (4) The peace officer sounds a horn that produces a sound of at least 115 decibels. (5) The peace officer gives a hand signal commanding the person to stop. (6) The person is aware or reasonably should have been aware of the verbal command, horn, and hand signal, but refuses to comply with the command to stop. (Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 485, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2006.)
  74. 2800.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person who flees or tries to elude a pursuing peace officer, with willful or wanton disregard for safety, can be punished by jail or prison and may also get a fine.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2800.2. (a) If a person flees or attempts to elude a pursuing peace officer in violation of Section 2800.1 and the pursued vehicle is driven in a willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property, the person driving the vehicle, upon conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison, or by confinement in the county jail for not less than six months nor more than one year. The court may also impose a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or may impose both that imprisonment or confinement and fine. (b) For purposes of this section, a willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property includes, but is not limited to, driving while fleeing or attempting to elude a pursuing peace officer during which time either three or more violations that are assigned a traffic violation point count under Section 12810 occur, or damage to property occurs. (Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 472, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
  75. 2800.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A driver who willfully flees or tries to elude a pursuing peace officer and causes serious bodily injury or death can face prison and, in the injury case, a possible fine.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2800.3. (a) Whenever willful flight or attempt to elude a pursuing peace officer in violation of Section 2800.1 proximately causes serious bodily injury to any person, the person driving the pursued vehicle, upon conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, five, or seven years, by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or by a fine of not less than two thousand dollars ($2,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (b) Whenever willful flight or attempt to elude a pursuing peace officer in violation of Section 2800.1 proximately causes death to a person, the person driving the pursued vehicle, upon conviction, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a term of 4, 6, or 10 years. (c) Nothing in this section shall preclude the imposition of a greater sentence pursuant to Section 190 of the Penal Code or any other provisions of law applicable to punishment for an unlawful death. (d) For the purposes of this section, “serious bodily injury” has the same meaning as defined in paragraph (4) of subdivision (f) of Section 243 of the Penal Code. (Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 485, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2006.)
  76. 2800.4.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person who willfully eludes a pursuing peace officer and drives the pursued vehicle the wrong way on a highway can be punished by jail, state prison, a fine, or both.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2800.4. Whenever a person willfully flees or attempts to elude a pursuing peace officer in violation of Section 2800.1, and the person operating the pursued vehicle willfully drives that vehicle on a highway in a direction opposite to that in which the traffic lawfully moves upon that highway, the person upon conviction is punishable by imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than one year in a county jail or by imprisonment in the state prison, or by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) nor more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 43, Sec. 111. (SB 1023) Effective June 27, 2012.)
  77. 28000.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 9. Refrigeration Equipment [28000- 28000.] ( Article 9 added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 1335. )

    Verify source ↗

    Refrigerator vans with automatically locking doors must have at least one door that can be opened from inside as an emergency exit.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 9. Refrigeration Equipment [28000- 28000.] ( Article 9 added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 1335. ) ## 28000. Every refrigerator van equipped with one or more doors designed to lock automatically upon closure shall have at least one door which can be opened from inside the van as an emergency means of exit. For the purposes of this article, “refrigerator van” means any motor truck, semitrailer, or trailer, with a fully enclosed cargo body having an enclosed volume of 15 cubic feet or more, which utilizes a mechanical refrigeration system to reduce the temperature within the enclosed portion of the vehicle to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or less, or which provides refrigeration by the use of dry ice. (Added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 1335.)
  78. 2801.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    It is unlawful to wilfully ignore or refuse a lawful order, signal, or direction from certain fire department members while they are on duty protecting personnel and equipment.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2801. It is unlawful to wilfully fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order, signal, or direction of any member of any fire department, paid, volunteer, or company operated, when wearing the badge or insignia of a fireman and when in the course of his duties he is protecting the personnel and fire department equipment. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  79. 2802.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Traffic officers may stop and inspect vehicles when they suspect unsafe loading or unlawful dimensions/weight, and may require the vehicle to be driven to a nearby scale facility if one is within five road miles.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2802. (a) Any traffic officer having reason to believe that a vehicle is not safely loaded or that the height, width, length, or weight of a vehicle and load is unlawful may require the driver to stop and submit to an inspection, measurement, or weighing of the vehicle. The weighing may be done either by means of portable or stationary scales and the officer may require that the vehicle be driven to the nearest scale facility, in the event the scales are within five road miles. (b) Selected inspection facilities and platform scales operated by the Department of the California Highway Patrol may, at the discretion of the commissioner, be open for extended hours, up to and including 24 hours every day. The primary purpose of the extended hours is to assist in the detection of overweight vehicles. These inspection facilities and platform scales shall be located near primary border route points of entry into the state and key routes within the state. (c) An amount not to exceed one million dollars ($1,000,000) shall be available annually from the Motor Vehicle Account in the State Transportation Fund, upon appropriation by the Legislature, for the expanded operation of the scale facilities, as specified in subdivision (b). It is the intent of the Legislature that the funds made available pursuant to this subdivision shall be the only funds available for purposes of this section. (Amended by Stats. 1993, Ch. 19, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1994.)
  80. 2803.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A traffic officer may order an unsafe or unlawfully sized/weighted vehicle to stop, reload, unload, or be held until a permit is obtained.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2803. (a) If the traffic officer determines that the vehicle is not safely loaded or that the height, width, length, or weight is unlawful, he may require the driver to stop in a suitable place and reload or remove such portion of the load as may be necessary to render the load safe or to reduce it to the limits permitted under this code. A suitable place is an area which allows the least obstruction to the highway and which requires the least travel on the highway by the vehicle. Determination of the suitability of an area shall be made by the traffic officer who requires the adjustment. All material so unloaded shall be cared for by the owner or operator of the vehicle at the risk of the owner or operator. (b) If a certified weight certificate or bill of lading accompanies a vehicle which has been determined to be overweight due to the load on the vehicle, the driver shall submit the certified weight certificate or bill of lading, whichever is appropriate, to the traffic officer when the overweight load is removed in the presence of the officer. The officer may note on the certified weight certificate or bill of lading submitted by the driver the fact that a portion of the load has been removed to bring the vehicle and load within the allowable weight limit specified in this code, and the officer shall return the certificate or bill of lading to the driver. (c) If the height, width, or length of the vehicle is unlawful, irrespective of any load thereon, or if an unladen vehicle is overweight, the traffic officer may prohibit further movement of the vehicle until a permit is obtained as provided in Section 35780. (Amended by Stats. 1977, Ch. 506.)
  81. 2804.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A California Highway Patrol member may require a driver to stop and allow inspection of the vehicle and certain documents when there is reasonable belief of a code violation or an unsafe condition.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2804. A member of the California Highway Patrol upon reasonable belief that any vehicle is being operated in violation of any provisions of this code or is in such unsafe condition as to endanger any person, may require the driver of the vehicle to stop and submit to an inspection of the vehicle, and its equipment, license plates, and registration card. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  82. 2805.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain vehicle-theft investigators may inspect vehicles, vehicle components, and related registration or title records, and should do so with minimal disruption to business operations when possible.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2805. (a) For the purpose of locating stolen vehicles, (1) any member of the California Highway Patrol, or (2) a member of a city police department, a member of a county sheriff’s office, or a district attorney investigator, whose primary responsibility is to conduct vehicle theft investigations, may inspect any vehicle of a type required to be registered under this code, or any identifiable vehicle component thereof, on a highway or in any public garage, repair shop, terminal, parking lot, new or used car lot, automobile dismantler’s lot, vehicle shredding facility, vehicle leasing or rental lot, vehicle equipment rental yard, vehicle salvage pool, or other similar establishment, or any agricultural or construction work location where work is being actively performed, and may inspect the title or registration of vehicles, in order to establish the rightful ownership or possession of the vehicle or identifiable vehicle component. As used in this subdivision, “identifiable vehicle component” means any component which can be distinguished from other similar components by a serial number or other unique distinguishing number, sign, or symbol. (b) A member of the California Highway Patrol, a member of a city police department or county sheriff’s office, or a district attorney investigator whose primary responsibility is to conduct vehicle theft investigations, may also inspect, for the purposes specified in subdivision (a), implements of husbandry, special construction equipment, forklifts, and special mobile equipment in the places described in subdivision (a) or when that vehicle is incidentally operated or transported upon a highway. (c) Whenever possible, inspections conducted pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b) shall be conducted at a time and in a manner so as to minimize any interference with, or delay of, business operations. (Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 688, Sec. 21. Effective January 1, 2001.)
  83. 28050.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not advertise for sale, sell, use, or install a device that makes a vehicle’s odometer show mileage other than the true mileage driven.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. ) ## 28050. It is unlawful for any person to advertise for sale, to sell, to use, or to install on any part of a motor vehicle or on an odometer in a motor vehicle any device which causes the odometer to register any mileage other than the true mileage driven. For the purposes of this section the true mileage driven is that mileage driven by the car as registered by the odometer within the manufacturer’s designed tolerance. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109.)
  84. 28050.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. )

    Verify source ↗

    It is unlawful to operate a motor vehicle on a street or highway with intent to defraud while knowing the odometer is disconnected or nonfunctional.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. ) ## 28050.5. It is unlawful for any person with the intent to defraud to operate a motor vehicle on any street or highway knowing that the odometer of such vehicle is disconnected or nonfunctional. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1210.)
  85. 28051.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not tamper with a motor vehicle odometer to change the mileage shown.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. ) ## 28051. It is unlawful for any person to disconnect, turn back, advance, or reset the odometer of any motor vehicle with the intent to alter the number of miles indicated on the odometer gauge. (Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 774.)
  86. 28051.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. )

    Verify source ↗

    Any person may not advertise, sell, or use a device made mainly to roll back or reset a vehicle odometer.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. ) ## 28051.5. It is unlawful for any person to advertise for sale, to sell, or to use, any device designed primarily for the purpose of turning back or resetting the odometer of any motor vehicle to reduce the number of miles indicated on the odometer gauge. (Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 841.)
  87. 28052.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. )

    Verify source ↗

    For mileage-based warranties on new motor vehicles, only miles driven after the vehicle is first sold as new to the purchaser count.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. ) ## 28052. If a manufacturer, distributor, or dealer of a new motor vehicle makes any warranty to the purchaser of, and with respect to, a new motor vehicle which is based on the amount of miles that the motor vehicle is driven, only those miles which the motor vehicle has been driven on and after the date that the motor vehicle has first been sold as new to the purchaser shall be considered for purposes of the warranty. The mileage indicated upon the odometer of the motor vehicle on the date that the motor vehicle is first sold as new to the purchaser shall, for purposes of the warranty, be the mileage upon which the warranty shall commence. Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve any person of any criminal punishment to which he would otherwise be subject under Section 28051. The provisions of this section shall apply only to motor vehicles which are sold on or after the effective date of this section. (Added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 111.)
  88. 28053.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section allows odometer service, repair, or replacement if mileage stays the same, and requires a zero reading plus a written notice if it cannot. It also forbids failing to make the adjustment or notice, and forbids removing or changing the notice with intent to defraud.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 10. Odometers [28050 - 28053] ( Article 10 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1109. ) ## 28053. (a) Nothing in this article prevents the service, repair, or replacement of an odometer, if the mileage indicated thereon remains the same as before the service, repair, or replacement. If the odometer is incapable of registering the same mileage as before the service, repair, or replacement, the odometer shall be adjusted to read zero and a notice in writing shall be attached to the left doorframe of the vehicle by the person performing the service, repair, or replacement specifying the mileage prior to the service, repair or replacement of the odometer and the date on which it was serviced, repaired, or replaced. (b) No person shall fail to adjust an odometer or affix a notice regarding the adjustment as required by subdivision (a). (c) No person shall, with intent to defraud, remove or alter any notice affixed to a vehicle pursuant to subdivision (a). (Repealed and added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 130, Sec. 2.)
  89. 2806.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain police officers and sheriffs may require a driver to stop and submit a vehicle to inspection and appropriate tests when they have reasonable cause to think the vehicle is improperly equipped or unsafe.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2806. Any regularly employed and salaried police officer or deputy sheriff, or any reserve police officer or reserve deputy sheriff listed in Section 830.6 of the Penal Code, having reasonable cause to believe that any vehicle or combination of vehicles is not equipped as required by this code or is in any unsafe condition as to endanger any person, may require the driver to stop and submit the vehicle or combination of vehicles to an inspection and those tests as may be appropriate to determine the safety to persons and compliance with the code. (Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 292, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2004.)
  90. 2806.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A peace officer making a traffic or pedestrian stop must state the reason for the stop before questioning related to a criminal investigation or traffic violation, and must document that reason on any resulting citation or police report.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2806.5. (a) A peace officer making a traffic or pedestrian stop, before engaging in questioning related to a criminal investigation or traffic violation, shall state the reason for the stop. The officer shall document the reason for the stop on any citation or police report resulting from the stop. (b) Subdivision (a) does not apply when the officer reasonably believes that withholding the reason for the stop is necessary to protect life or property from imminent threat, including, but not limited to, cases of terrorism or kidnaping. (c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2024. (Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 805, Sec. 5. (AB 2773) Effective January 1, 2023. Operative January 1, 2024, by its own provisions.)
  91. 28060.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11. Fire Extinguishers [28060 - 28062] ( Article 11 added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 392. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain recreational vehicles and campers must have a fire extinguisher, and operators must carry and keep it in working condition.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11. Fire Extinguishers [28060 - 28062] ( Article 11 added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 392. ) ## 28060. (a) No person shall sell or offer for sale a new recreational vehicle or new camper which is equipped with cooking equipment or heating equipment, and no dealer or person holding a retail seller’s permit shall sell or offer for sale a used recreational vehicle or a used camper which is equipped with cooking or heating equipment, unless such new or used vehicle or new or used camper is equipped with at least one fire extinguisher, filled and ready for use, of the dry chemical or carbon dioxide type with an aggregate rating of at least 4-B:C units, which meets the requirements specified in Section 13162 of the Health and Safety Code. (b) The operator of a recreational vehicle, or a vehicle to which a camper is attached, which recreational vehicle or camper is equipped with a fire extinguisher as required by subdivision (a), shall carry such fire extinguisher in such recreational vehicle or camper and shall maintain the fire extinguisher in an efficient operating condition. (c) As used in this section: (1) “Cooking equipment” means a device designed for cooking which utilizes combustible material, including, but not limited to, materials such as charcoal or any flammable gas or liquid, and “heating equipment” means a device designed for heating which utilizes combustible material, including, but not limited to, materials such as charcoal or any flammable gas or liquid. (2) “Recreational vehicle” has the same meaning as defined in Section 18010.5 of the Health and Safety Code. (Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 392.)
  92. 28062.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11. Fire Extinguishers [28060 - 28062] ( Article 11 added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 392. )

    Verify source ↗

    Modified limousines must carry two specified fire extinguishers, and the driver or operator must tell passengers where each extinguisher is before the trip starts.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11. Fire Extinguishers [28060 - 28062] ( Article 11 added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 392. ) ## 28062. (a) A modified limousine shall be equipped with two readily accessible and fully charged fire extinguishers having at least a 2A10BC 5 pound rating and maintained in efficient operating condition. One fire extinguisher shall be securely mounted in the driver’s compartment and at least one shall be accessible to the passengers. (b) The driver or operator of a modified limousine shall notify the passengers of the location of each fire extinguisher prior to the commencement of any trip. (Added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 860, Sec. 15. (SB 611) Effective September 30, 2014.)
  93. 2807.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The California Highway Patrol must inspect every schoolbus at least once each school year, and no one may drive a schoolbus unless it displays a valid CHP inspection certificate.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2807. (a) The California Highway Patrol shall inspect every schoolbus at least once each school year to ascertain whether its construction, design, equipment, and color comply with all provisions of law. (b) No person shall drive any schoolbus unless there is displayed therein a certificate issued by the California Highway Patrol stating that on a certain date, which shall be within 13 months of the date of operation, an authorized employee of the California Highway Patrol inspected the bus and found that on the date of inspection the bus complied with the applicable provisions of state law relating to construction, design, equipment, and color. The Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol shall provide by rule or regulation for the issuance and display of distinctive inspection certificates. (Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 580.)
  94. 2807.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Highway Patrol must inspect and certify school pupil activity buses every year, and drivers may not operate covered vehicles unless a valid inspection certificate is displayed.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2807.1. (a) The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall inspect and certify every school pupil activity bus specified in Section 546 at least once each year to ascertain whether its condition complies with all provisions of the law. (b) No person shall drive any motor vehicle specified in subdivision (a) unless there is displayed therein a certificate issued by the Department of the California Highway Patrol stating that on a certain date, which shall be within 13 months of the date of operation, an authorized employee of the Department of the California Highway Patrol inspected such motor vehicle and found that on the date of inspection such motor vehicle complied with the applicable provisions of the state law. The Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol shall provide by rule or regulation for the issuance and display of distinctive inspection certificates. (Amended by Stats. 1981, Ch. 813, Sec. 7.)
  95. 2807.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The California Highway Patrol must adopt regulations for a preventive maintenance inspection guide and require inspection records to be signed and kept on file.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2807.2. The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall, by regulation, provide for a preventive maintenance inspection guide for use by operators of tour buses, motor vehicles specified in Sections 2807 and 2807.1, and vehicles described in subdivisions (a), (b), (d), (e), (f), and (g) of Section 34500. The regulations shall provide that the record of inspection shall be signed by the person making the inspection, and the record of the inspections shall be retained on file by the operator for review and inspection by the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1586, Sec. 4. Operative July 1, 1989, by Sec. 14 of Ch. 1586.)
  96. 2807.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The California Highway Patrol must inspect and certify each youth bus at least once every school year, and no one may drive a youth bus unless it displays a valid inspection certificate.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2807.3. (a) The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall inspect and certify every youth bus at least once each school year to ascertain whether its condition complies with all provisions of law. (b) No person shall drive any youth bus unless there is displayed therein a certificate issued by the Department of the California Highway Patrol stating that on a certain date, which shall be within 13 months of the date of operation, an authorized employee of the Department of the California Highway Patrol inspected the youth bus and found that on the date of inspection the youth bus complied with the applicable provisions of state law. The Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol shall provide, by rule or regulation, for the issuance and display of distinctive inspection certificates. (c) The Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol may determine the fee and method of collection for the annual inspection of youth buses. The fee, established by regulation, shall be sufficient to cover the cost to the department for youth bus inspections and testing of drivers pursuant to Section 12523. All fees received shall be deposited in the Motor Vehicle Account in the State Transportation Fund. (Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1273, Sec. 4.)
  97. 28070.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11.5. Bumpers [28070 - 28071] ( Heading of Article 11.5 renumbered from Article 11 by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1079. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “passenger vehicle” for this article by referring to Section 34710.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11.5. Bumpers [28070 - 28071] ( Heading of Article 11.5 renumbered from Article 11 by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1079. ) ## 28070. As used in this article, “passenger vehicle” means “passenger vehicle” as defined in Section 34710. (Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 272.)
  98. 28071.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11.5. Bumpers [28070 - 28071] ( Heading of Article 11.5 renumbered from Article 11 by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1079. )

    Verify source ↗

    Passenger vehicles registered in this state must have both a front bumper and a rear bumper, unless an exception applies.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 11.5. Bumpers [28070 - 28071] ( Heading of Article 11.5 renumbered from Article 11 by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1079. ) ## 28071. Every passenger vehicle registered in this state shall be equipped with a front bumper and with a rear bumper. As used in this section, “bumper” means any device designed and intended by a manufacturer to prevent the front or rear of the body of the vehicle from coming into contact with any other motor vehicle. This section shall not apply to any passenger vehicle that is required to be equipped with an energy absorption system pursuant to either state or federal law, or to any passenger vehicle which was not equipped with a front or rear bumper, or both, at the time that it was first sold and registered under the laws of this or any other state or foreign jurisdiction. (Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 451.)
  99. 2808.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Private-school schoolbuses generally follow the same vehicle rules as public-school schoolbuses, but the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol may exempt them from certain construction, design, safe-operation, and equipment rules by regulation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2808. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), all schoolbuses transporting pupils to or from any private school or private school activity shall be subject to the same statutes, rules, and regulations relating to construction, design, operation, equipment, and color as are now or hereafter applicable to schoolbuses transporting pupils to or from any public school or public school activity. (b) Schoolbuses shall be exempt from such statutes, rules, and regulations relating to construction, design, safe operation, and equipment as the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol shall determine necessary to permit such schoolbuses to continue in operation or when it appears that the results intended to be attained by such rules and regulations are being accomplished by the use of other methods. Such exemption shall be specified by rule or regulation of the commissioner. No such exemption shall be made which in the opinion of the commissioner would jeopardize the safety of the pupils so transported. (Amended by Stats. 1977, Ch. 406.)
  100. 28080.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 12. Camper Signaling Devices [28080 - 28081] ( Article 12 added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicles with campers mounted on them must have an audible or visual signaling device that can be activated from inside the camper; a horn cannot be used instead.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 12. Camper Signaling Devices [28080 - 28081] ( Article 12 added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292. ) ## 28080. (a) Every motor vehicle upon which a camper is mounted shall be equipped with an audible or visual signaling device which can be activated from inside the camper and which is constructed so as to allow any person inside the camper to gain the attention of the driver of the motor vehicle. In no event shall a horn, as required by Section 27000, be used to comply with this subdivision. (b) No person shall drive a motor vehicle upon which is mounted a camper containing any passenger unless the motor vehicle is equipped as required by subdivision (a). (Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292.)
  101. 28081.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 12. Camper Signaling Devices [28080 - 28081] ( Article 12 added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292. )

    Verify source ↗

    Section 28080 does not apply to two kinds of camper-equipped motor vehicles.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 12. Camper Signaling Devices [28080 - 28081] ( Article 12 added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292. ) ## 28081. The provisions of Section 28080 shall not apply to either of the following: (a) Any motor vehicle upon which a camper is mounted if a person is able to move between the cab portion of the motor vehicle and the camper. (b) Any motor vehicle upon which a camper is mounted, which motor vehicle is equipped with a sliding or removable rear window which can be opened or removed by a person inside such camper. (Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 292.)
  102. 28085.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 13. Theft Alarm System [28085- 28085.] ( Article 13 added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 993. )

    Verify source ↗

    A motor vehicle may have a theft alarm system, but it may not be one that emits the sound of a siren.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 13. Theft Alarm System [28085- 28085.] ( Article 13 added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 993. ) ## 28085. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with a theft alarm system which flashes the lights of the vehicle, or sounds an audible signal, or both, and which operates as follows: (a) The system may flash any of the lights required or permitted on the vehicle. (b) The system may sound an audible signal. (c) No vehicle shall be equipped with a theft alarm system which emits the sound of a siren. (Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 516, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1995.)
  103. 2809.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Scales and weighing instruments used by the California Highway Patrol for weight-limit enforcement must be inspected and certified accurate at least once each calendar year.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2809. All scales and weighing instruments used by any member of the California Highway Patrol to enforce the provisions of this code with respect to weight limitations shall be inspected and certified as to accuracy at least once in each calendar year by the Bureau of Weights and Measures of the Department of Food and Agriculture or by a county sealer of weights and measures. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  104. 28090.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 14. Cellular Telephones [28090- 28090.] ( Article 14 added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1306, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    A renter of a motor vehicle with cellular radio telephone equipment must give the renter written operating instructions on safe use, and the equipment must be clearly labeled with those instructions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 14. Cellular Telephones [28090- 28090.] ( Article 14 added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1306, Sec. 1. ) ## 28090. Every renter of a motor vehicle with cellular radio telephone equipment shall provide the person who rents the motor vehicle with written operating instructions concerning the safe use of the equipment. The equipment shall also be clearly labeled with operating instructions concerning the safe use of the equipment. (Added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1306, Sec. 1.)
  105. 2810.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    California Highway Patrol officers may stop certain vehicles carrying listed goods to inspect papers, and if they reasonably believe the driver lacks lawful possession, they must seize the vehicle and load and turn them over to the county sheriff.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2810. (a) A member of the California Highway Patrol may stop any vehicle transporting any timber products, livestock, poultry, farm produce, crude oil, petroleum products, or inedible kitchen grease, and inspect the bills of lading, shipping or delivery papers, or other evidence to determine whether the driver is in legal possession of the load, and, upon reasonable belief that the driver of the vehicle is not in legal possession, shall take custody of the vehicle and load and turn them over to the custody of the sheriff of the county in which the timber products, livestock, poultry, farm produce, crude oil, petroleum products, or inedible kitchen grease, or any part thereof, is apprehended. (b) The sheriff shall receive and provide for the care and safekeeping of the apprehended timber products, livestock, poultry, farm produce, crude oil, petroleum products, or inedible kitchen grease, or any part thereof, and immediately, in cooperation with the department, proceed with an investigation and its legal disposition. (c) Any expense incurred by the sheriff in the performance of his or her duties under this section shall be a legal charge against the county. (Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 83, Sec. 187. Effective January 1, 2000.)
  106. 2810.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Traffic officers may stop and inspect certain rental commercial vehicles if they have probable cause to suspect a Household Movers Act violation; drivers who unlawfully transport household goods or refuse the inspection may face citation and punishment.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2810.1. (a) Any traffic officer may stop any commercial vehicle, as defined in Section 260, that is a rental vehicle and inspect the bills of lading, shipping, delivery papers, or other evidence to determine whether the driver is transporting household goods in violation of the Household Movers Act (Chapter 3.1 (commencing with Section 19225)) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code. The officer may only stop and inspect where the officer has probable cause to believe that the vehicle is being operated in violation of that act. (b) It is a public offense, for which an officer may issue a citation, for a driver to unlawfully transport household goods in violation of the Household Movers Act. That public offense is punishable as prescribed in Article 8 (commencing with Section 19277) of Chapter 3.1 of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code. It is an infraction to refuse to submit to an inspection as authorized by subdivision (a). (c) A copy of the citation for any offense described in subdivision (b) shall be sent by the department that employs the traffic officer to the Chief of the Bureau of Household Goods and Services. A copy of a citation shall be removed from any record of the bureau upon a showing that the person was not convicted of the offense or that bail was not forfeited for that offense. A person for whom a copy of a citation has been sent to the bureau and is on file with the bureau may request the bureau for an administrative hearing on that matter. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 295, Sec. 4. (AB 2956) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  107. 2810.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A peace officer may stop certain vehicles carrying agricultural irrigation supplies on qualifying roads to inspect papers, and if the driver likely lacks legal possession, the officer must turn the vehicle and load over to the county sheriff.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2810.2. (a) (1) A peace officer, as described in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, may stop a vehicle transporting agricultural irrigation supplies that are in plain view to inspect the bills of lading, shipping, or delivery papers, or other evidence to determine whether the driver is in legal possession of the load, if the vehicle is on a rock road or unpaved road that is located in a county that has elected to implement this section and the road is located as follows: (A) Located under the management of the Department of Parks and Recreation, the Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, the State Lands Commission, a regional park district, the United States Forest Service, or the federal Bureau of Land Management. (B) Located within the respective ownership of a timberland production zone, as defined in Chapter 6.7 (commencing with Section 51100) of Part 1 of Division 1 of Title 5 of the Government Code, either that is larger than 50,000 acres or for which the owner of more than 2,500 acres has given express written permission for a vehicle to be stopped within that zone pursuant to this section. (2) Upon reasonable belief that the driver of the vehicle is not in legal possession, the law enforcement officer specified in paragraph (1) shall take custody of the vehicle and load and turn them over to the custody of the sheriff of the county that has elected to implement this section where the agricultural irrigation supplies are apprehended. (b) The sheriff shall receive and provide for the care and safekeeping of the apprehended agricultural irrigation supplies that were in plain view within the boundaries of public lands under the management of the entities listed in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) or on a timberland production zone as specified in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a), and immediately, in cooperation with the department, proceed with an investigation and its legal disposition. (c) An expense incurred by the sheriff in the performance of his or her duties under this section shall be a legal charge against the county. (d) Except as provided in subdivision (e), a peace officer shall not cause the impoundment of a vehicle at a traffic stop made pursuant to subdivision (a) if the driver’s only offense is a violation of Section 12500. (e) During the conduct of pulling a driver over in accordance with subdivision (a), if the peace officer encounters a driver who is in violation of Section 12500, the peace officer shall make a reasonable attempt to identify the registered owner of the vehicle. If the registered owner is present, or the peace officer is able to identify the registered owner and obtain the registered owner’s authorization to release the motor vehicle to a licensed driver during the vehicle stop, the vehicle shall be released to either the registered owner of the vehicle if he or she is a licensed driver or to the licensed driver authorized by the registered owner of the vehicle. If a notice to appear is issued, the name and the driver’s license number of the licensed driver to whom the vehicle was released pursuant to this subdivision shall be listed on the officer’s copy of the notice to appear issued to the unlicensed driver. If a vehicle cannot be released, the vehicle shall be removed pursuant to subdivision (p) of Section 22651, whether a notice to appear has been issued or not. (f) For purposes of this section, “agricultural irrigation supplies” include agricultural irrigation water bladder and one-half inch diameter or greater irrigation line. (g) This section shall be implemented only in a county where the board of supervisors adopts a resolution authorizing the enforcement of this section. (Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 71, Sec. 169. (SB 1304) Effective January 1, 2015.)
  108. 28100.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    A pilot car must display red warning flags on both sides, keep them at least 16 inches square, make them visible front and rear, and remove or cover them when not operating as a pilot car.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. ) ## 28100. A pilot car shall display at least one red warning flag on each side of the vehicle. The flags shall be a minimum of 16 inches square, and shall be mounted so as to be visible from both the front and rear of the vehicle. The flags shall be removed or covered when the vehicle is not operating as a pilot car. (Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
  109. 28101.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    A pilot car must meet extra equipment requirements and be at least 60 inches wide.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. ) ## 28101. In addition to the lighting, sign, and flag requirements in Sections 25270, 27904, 27904.5, and 28100, a pilot car shall meet all of the following requirements: (a) Be a vehicle not less than 60 inches in width. (b) Be equipped with all of the following: (1) One STOP/SLOW paddle. (2) One orange vest, shirt, or jacket. (3) One red hand flag (24 inches square). (4) One two-way radio communication device. (Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
  110. 28102.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    Pilot cars with vertical clearance measuring devices must comply with Section 35252.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. ) ## 28102. Pilot cars equipped with vertical clearance measuring devices shall comply with Section 35252. (Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
  111. 28103.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    Any person must not violate this article or fail to keep required equipment in good working order.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 15. Pilot Cars [28100 - 28103] ( Article 15 added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4. ) ## 28103. It is unlawful and an infraction for any person to violate any provision of this article or to fail to have any required equipment in good working order. (Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 460, Sec. 4.)
  112. 2811.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A traffic officer who sees a fence along a highway damaged by a traffic accident must promptly report it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2811. Any traffic officer who observes a fence along any highway, which has been damaged as a result of a traffic accident, shall promptly report same to the owner, lessee, occupant, or person in charge of the property enclosed by the fence, or to the local headquarters of the department. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  113. 28110.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “antisiphoning device” as a device that prevents fuel from being removed by suction from a motor vehicle.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. ) ## 28110. As used in this article, “antisiphoning device” means a device which prevents the removal by suction of fuel from a motor vehicle. (Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1.)
  114. 28111.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain 1993 and later methanol- or ethanol-capable vehicles must be equipped with an antisiphoning device, unless Section 28112 provides otherwise.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. ) ## 28111. Except as otherwise provided in Section 28112, any 1993 and later model-year vehicle which is capable of operating on methanol or ethanol and is imported into the state, or sold, purchased, leased, rented, or acquired in the state, shall be equipped with an antisiphoning device. (Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1.)
  115. 28112.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The State Air Resources Board may adopt regulations exempting certain 1993-and-later vehicles from antisiphoning device requirements if the Board determines they are not susceptible to siphoning.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. ) ## 28112. Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 28111, the State Air Resources Board may adopt regulations providing for exemptions from antisiphoning device requirements for categories of vehicles of 1993 and later model-years which it determines not susceptible to siphoning. (Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1.)
  116. 28113.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain compensation vehicles in air-quality districts must be low-emission vehicles, and multi-fuel vehicles must use the designated clean fuel or an approved substitute fuel as much as practicable in nonattainment areas.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. ) ## 28113. (a) Every light-duty and medium-duty motor vehicle operated for compensation to transport persons in an air quality management district or air pollution control district, which does not meet all applicable state ambient air quality standards, shall be a low-emission vehicle, as defined by regulation of the State Air Resources Board. If the vehicle is capable of operating on more than one fuel, it shall be operated within any nonattainment area to the maximum extent practicable either on the designated clean fuel on which the low-emission vehicle was certified or on any other fuel designated by the State Air Resources Board as a substitute fuel for the designated clean fuel. Any air quality management district or air pollution control district may adopt regulations for the enforcement of this section which are consistent with regulations of the State Air Resources Board. (b) As used in this section, “motor vehicle operated for compensation to transport persons” includes a taxi cab, bus, airport shuttle vehicle, transit authority or transit district vehicle, or a vehicle owned by a private entity providing transit service under contract with a transit district or transportation authority. (c) As used in this section, “light-duty” has the same meaning as defined in Section 39035 of the Health and Safety Code. (d) As used in this section, “medium-duty” has the same meaning as defined in Section 39037.5 of the Health and Safety Code. (e) This section applies to all new light-duty motor vehicles purchased on or after January 1, 1997, and to all new medium-duty vehicles purchased on or after January 1, 1998. (Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 496, Sec. 3.)
  117. 28114.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain heavy-duty transit vehicles must meet emission standards adopted by the State Air Resources Board.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 16. Methanol or Ethanol Fueled Vehicles [28110 - 28114] ( Article 16 added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 1301, Sec. 1. ) ## 28114. (a) Every heavy-duty vehicle operated by a transit authority or transit district, or owned by a private entity providing transit service under contract with a transit district or transportation authority, and used to transport persons for compensation shall meet the emission standards adopted by the State Air Resources Board pursuant to Section 43806 of the Health and Safety Code. (b) As used in this section, “heavy-duty” has the same meaning as defined in Section 39033 of the Health and Safety Code. (c) This section applies to all new heavy-duty motor vehicles purchased on or after January 1, 1996, and all new or replacement engines purchased on or after January 1, 1996, for use in heavy-duty vehicles. (Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 496, Sec. 4.)
  118. 2812.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain law enforcement members may close a highway to traffic when dangerous substances or fire near the highway threaten public health or safety.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2812. Whenever poisonous gas, explosives, dust, smoke, or other similar substances, or fire exist upon or so near a public highway as to create a menace to public health or safety, members of the California Highway Patrol, police departments, or sheriff’s office may close any highway to traffic when necessary to protect the public from such dangers. Whenever a highway is closed, the governmental agency having control over the highway shall be immediately notified of the reason of the closing and the location. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  119. 2812.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A California Highway Patrol member may restrict or prohibit highway use by regulated vehicles when visibility limitations create a significant safety hazard.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2812.5. Whenever visibility limitations pose a significant safety hazard, as determined by a member of the California Highway Patrol, that member may restrict or prohibit the use of any highway by any vehicle subject to regulation by the Department of the California Highway Patrol pursuant to Section 34500. (Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 119, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1993.)
  120. 2813.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Commercial vehicle drivers must stop and submit their vehicle and related driver information for inspection when CHP is conducting tests and inspections and signs require a stop.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2813. Every driver of a commercial vehicle shall stop and submit the vehicle to an inspection of the vehicle’s size, weight, equipment, loading, and smoke emissions, as well as the driver’s license, medical qualifications, and hours-of-service compliance of a driver of the vehicle at any location where members of the California Highway Patrol are conducting tests and inspections of commercial vehicles and when signs are displayed requiring the stop. Every driver who fails or refuses to stop and submit the vehicle to an inspection when signs are displayed requiring that stop is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 295, Sec. 5. (AB 2956) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  121. 2813.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner controls issuance of commercial vehicle inspection stickers and may regulate their use. Unauthorized people or entities may not possess, issue, or display these stickers, and violations are misdemeanors.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2813.5. (a) The commissioner shall have exclusive authority in the issuance of stickers as evidence that commercial vehicles have been inspected pursuant to Section 2813 and have been found to be in compliance with minimum safety standards established by the department. The commissioner may make and enforce regulations with respect to the issuance and display of the stickers upon commercial vehicles. (b) It is unlawful for any unauthorized person, company, corporation, or public or private entity to possess, issue, or display upon a vehicle an unauthorized commercial vehicle safety inspection sticker or a sticker that is either a facsimile of, or is substantially similar to, that issued by the commissioner. (c) Any violation of subdivision (b) is a misdemeanor. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 183, Sec. 345. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  122. 2814.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers of passenger vehicles must stop for inspection when CHP is conducting tests and signs require it. CHP’s commissioner may issue and enforce sticker rules, and inspection stickers must be placed on the windshield within a seven-inch square.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2814. Every driver of a passenger vehicle shall stop and submit the vehicle to an inspection of the mechanical condition and equipment of the vehicle at any location where members of the California Highway Patrol are conducting tests and inspections of passenger vehicles and when signs are displayed requiring such stop. The Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol may make and enforce regulations with respect to the issuance of stickers or other devices to be displayed upon passenger vehicles as evidence that the vehicles have been inspected and have been found to be in safe mechanical condition and equipped as required by this code and equipped with certified motor vehicle pollution control devices as required by Part 5 (commencing with Section 43000) of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code which are correctly installed and in operating condition. Any sticker so issued shall be placed on the windshield within a seven-inch square as provided in Section 26708. If, upon such inspection of a passenger vehicle, it is found to be in unsafe mechanical condition or not equipped as required by this code and the provisions of Part 5 (commencing with Section 43000) of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, the provisions of Article 2 (commencing with Section 40150) of Chapter 1 of Division 17 of this code shall apply. The provisions of this section relating to motor vehicle pollution control devices apply to vehicles of the United States or its agencies, to the extent authorized by federal law. (Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 957.)
  123. 2814.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A county board may create a vehicle inspection checkpoint program, the program must be run by the local traffic-law enforcement agency or department, drivers must stop at posted checkpoints, counties may pay for the program with certain fine proceeds, and state or local agencies may not run motorcycle-only checkpoints.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2814.1. (a) A board of supervisors of a county may, by ordinance, establish, on highways under its jurisdiction, a vehicle inspection checkpoint program to check for violations of Sections 27153 and 27153.5. The program shall be conducted by the local agency or department with the primary responsibility for traffic law enforcement. (b) A driver of a motor vehicle shall stop and submit to an inspection conducted under subdivision (a) when signs and displays are posted requiring that stop. (c) A county that elects to conduct the program described under subdivision (a) may fund that program through fine proceeds deposited with the county under Section 1463.15 of the Penal Code. (d) State and local law enforcement agencies shall not conduct motorcycle only checkpoints. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 89, Sec. 2. (AB 1047) Effective January 1, 2013.)
  124. 2814.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers must stop and submit to sobriety checkpoint inspections when required signs are posted. Officers may not impound a vehicle at a checkpoint if the driver’s only offense is Section 12500, and they must try to identify the registered owner and release the vehicle when the stated conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2814.2. (a) A driver of a motor vehicle shall stop and submit to a sobriety checkpoint inspection conducted by a law enforcement agency when signs and displays are posted requiring that stop. (b) Notwithstanding Section 14602.6 or 14607.6, a peace officer or any other authorized person shall not cause the impoundment of a vehicle at a sobriety checkpoint if the driver’s only offense is a violation of Section 12500. (c) During the conduct of a sobriety checkpoint, if the law enforcement officer encounters a driver who is in violation of Section 12500, the law enforcement officer shall make a reasonable attempt to identify the registered owner of the vehicle. If the registered owner is present, or the officer is able to identify the registered owner and obtain the registered owner’s authorization to release the motor vehicle to a licensed driver by the end of the checkpoint, the vehicle shall be released to either the registered owner of the vehicle if he or she is a licensed driver or to the licensed driver authorized by the registered owner of the vehicle. If a notice to appear is issued, the name and driver’s license number of the licensed driver to whom the vehicle was released pursuant to this subdivision shall be listed on the officer’s copy of the notice to appear issued to the unlicensed driver. When a vehicle cannot be released, the vehicle shall be removed pursuant to subdivision (p) of Section 22651, whether a notice to appear has been issued or not. (Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 653, Sec. 2. (AB 353) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  125. 2815.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not ignore a traffic signal or direction from a qualifying nonstudent school crossing guard while the guard is protecting people crossing near a school or returning to a place of safety.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2815. Any person who shall disregard any traffic signal or direction given by a nonstudent school crossing guard, appointed pursuant to Section 21100, or authorized by any city police department, any board of supervisors of a county, or the Department of the California Highway Patrol, when the guard is wearing the official insignia of such a school crossing guard, and when in the course of the guard’s duties the guard is protecting any person in crossing a street or highway in the vicinity of a school or while returning thereafter to a place of safety, shall be guilty of an infraction and subject to the penalties provided in Section 42001.1. (Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 69, Sec. 1. Effective April 5, 1984.)
  126. 28150.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 17. Jamming Devices [28150- 28150.] ( Article 17 added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 493, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The section prohibits vehicles and people from having or dealing in devices made to jam or interfere with radar, laser, or other law-enforcement speed-measuring equipment.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 17. Jamming Devices [28150- 28150.] ( Article 17 added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 493, Sec. 1. ) ## 28150. (a) No vehicle shall be equipped with any device that is designed for, or is capable of, jamming, scrambling, neutralizing, disabling, or otherwise interfering with radar, laser, or any other electronic device used by a law enforcement agency to measure the speed of moving objects. (b) No person shall use, buy, possess, manufacture, sell, or otherwise distribute any device that is designed for jamming, scrambling, neutralizing, disabling, or otherwise interfering with radar, laser, or any other electronic device used by a law enforcement agency to measure the speed of moving objects. (c) Except as provided in subdivision (d), a violation of subdivision (a) or (b) is an infraction. (d) When a person possesses four or more devices in violation of subdivision (b), the person is guilty of a misdemeanor. (e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person who has a valid federal license for operating the devices described in this section may transport one or more of those devices if the license is carried in the vehicle transporting the device at all times when the device is being transported. (Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 493, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
  127. 28155.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 17.5. Driver Monitoring Defeat Devices [28155- 28155.] ( Article 17.5 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 604, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    A vehicle may not be equipped with, and a person may not use or deal in, devices meant to disable or interfere with a driver monitoring system, subject to listed exemptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 17.5. Driver Monitoring Defeat Devices [28155- 28155.] ( Article 17.5 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 604, Sec. 1. ) ## 28155. (a) A vehicle shall not be equipped with a device that is specifically designed for, marketed for, or being used for, neutralizing, disabling, or otherwise interfering with a driver monitoring system that is engaged when drivers are utilizing advanced driver assistance system features or autonomous technology, as defined in Section 38750. (b) A person shall not use, buy, possess, manufacture, sell, advertise for sale, or otherwise distribute a device that is specifically designed for neutralizing, disabling, or otherwise interfering with a driver monitoring system that is engaged when drivers are utilizing advanced driver assistance system features or autonomous technology, as defined in Section 38750. (c) A violation of subdivision (a) or (b) is an infraction. (d) All of the following are exempt from subdivision (a) or (b): (1) A manufacturer while operating under a testing permit issued pursuant to Section 38750. (2) A person or entity conducting motor vehicle diagnostic services, repairs, or enhancements consistent with the original equipment manufacturer’s safety standards, whether physically or remotely. (3) In connection with an update or enhancement of the driver monitoring system by the original equipment manufacturer. (4) In connection with a repair of a vehicle malfunction corrected by the manufacturer or manufacturer-approved third-party vendor. (5) To remedy a defect corrected by the manufacturer or manufacturer-approved third-party vendor. (6) For modifications or compliance pursuant to applicable provisions of the federal Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. Sec. 12101 et seq.). (e) For purposes of this section, “advanced driver assistance system” means Level 2 of SAE International’s Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles, standard J3016 (APR 2021). (f) For purposes of this section, a “direct driver monitoring system” includes exterior camera systems, interior camera systems, or other detection devices designed specifically to monitor the alertness of the driver while advanced driver assistance system technology or autonomous technology that meets the definition of a Level 3, 4 or 5 SAE International’s Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles, standard J3016 (APR2021) is engaged, systems that require a driver to maintain their hands on the steering wheel, pressure sensors, safety sensors, distracted driver sensors, systems that help the driver to continue to pay attention to the traffic situation, systems that warn the driver when the driver is distracted, and any other system that has been shown to be effective in monitoring drivers while they are utilizing advanced driver assistance system or autonomous technology. (g) This section shall not be construed to do either of the following: (1) Restrict or prohibit access to a motor vehicle’s onboard computer systems to conduct diagnostics, repairs, or enhancements consistent with the original equipment manufacturer’s safety standards, whether physically or remotely. (2) Prevent a person from taking immediate steps to protect the life or physical safety of the driver or other people in the vehicle. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 604, Sec. 1. (SB 1313) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  128. 2816.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    It is unlawful to load or unload children from a youth bus on a highway if they must cross the highway where the bus is stopped, unless a traffic officer or official traffic control signal is controlling traffic.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2816. It is unlawful to load or discharge children onto or from a youth bus upon a highway at any location where the children must cross the highway upon which the youth bus is stopped, unless traffic is controlled by a traffic officer or an official traffic control signal. (Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 383, Sec. 4. Effective July 4, 1982. Operative on date (not sooner than October 1, 1982, or later than January 1, 1983) prescribed by Sec. 13 of Ch. 383.)
  129. 28160.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 18. Child Safety Alert System [28160- 28160.] ( Article 18 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 721, Sec. 7. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must adopt regulations for child safety alert systems, and certain school-related vehicles must be equipped with one by March 1, 2019 unless a stated exception applies.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 18. Child Safety Alert System [28160- 28160.] ( Article 18 added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 721, Sec. 7. ) ## 28160. (a) On or before January 1, 2018, the department shall adopt regulations governing the specifications, installation, and use of child safety alert systems. (b) (1) (A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), on or before March 1, 2019, each schoolbus, school pupil activity bus, except school pupil activity buses described in paragraph (2), youth bus, and child care motor vehicle shall be equipped with an operational child safety alert system. (B) If a school district, county office of education, or charter school with an average daily attendance of 4,000 pupils or fewer, or a private school with 4,000 pupils or fewer in attendance, cannot meet the requirements of this section on or before March 1, 2019, the school district, county office of education, charter school, or private school shall submit to the department, on or before March 1, 2019, documentation that demonstrates that it has, before March 1, 2019, ordered or purchased the child safety alert system or child safety alert systems, and includes an estimate of repairs or installation, the total number of vehicles described in subparagraph (A) in the fleet and the number of vehicles described in subparagraph (A) that do not have an installed child safety alert system, the proposed date of installation, and the name of the vendor or individual who will install the child safety alert system or child safety alert systems. Upon providing this documentation, the school district, county office of education, charter school, or private school shall have an additional six months, not to extend beyond September 1, 2019, to meet the requirements of this section. (C) Any entity other than a school district, county office of education, charter school, or private school that operates a schoolbus, school pupil activity bus, except school pupil activity buses described in paragraph (2), youth bus, or child care motor vehicle that is subject to the requirements of this section may submit documentation as specified in subparagraph (B) to the department. Upon providing this documentation, the entity shall have an additional six months, not to extend beyond September 1, 2019, to meet the requirements of this section. (D) This section shall apply to all school districts, county offices of education, charter schools, and private schools, including those that began the 2018–19 school year before September 1, 2018. (2) A school pupil activity bus is not required to be equipped with an operational child safety alert system if all of the following apply: (A) The school pupil activity bus is not used exclusively to transport pupils. (B) When the school pupil activity bus is used to transport pupils, the pupils are accompanied by at least one adult chaperone selected by a school official. If an adult chaperone is not a school employee, the chaperone shall meet the requirements for a school volunteer established by the policies of the school district, county office of education, charter school, or private school. (C) One adult chaperone has a list of every pupil and adult chaperone, including a school employee, who is on the school pupil activity bus at the time of departure. (D) The driver has reviewed all safety and emergency procedures before the initial departure and the driver and adult chaperone have signed a form with the time and date acknowledging that the safety plan and procedures were reviewed. (E) Immediately before departure from any location, the adult chaperone shall account for each pupil on the list of pupils, verify the number of pupils to the driver, and sign a form indicating that all pupils are present or accounted for. (F) After pupils have exited a school pupil activity bus, and before driving away, the driver shall check all areas of the bus, including, but not limited to, overhead compartments and bathrooms, to ensure that the bus is vacant. (G) The driver shall sign a form with the time and date verifying that all required procedures have been followed. (H) The information required to be recorded pursuant to subparagraphs (D), (E), and (G) may be recorded on a single form. These forms shall be retained by the school district, county office of education, charter school, or private school for a minimum of two years. (c) The department shall consult with the State Department of Education to develop frequently asked questions related to the implementation of this section and of Section 1294 of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. The department shall also consult with, at a minimum, the California Association of School Transportation Officials when developing the frequently asked questions. The department and the State Department of Education shall each post the frequently asked questions on their respective Internet Web sites. (d) A “child safety alert system” is a device located at the interior rear of a vehicle that requires the driver to either manually contact or scan the device before exiting the vehicle, thereby prompting the driver to inspect the entirety of the interior of the vehicle before exiting. (e) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply: (1) “Child care motor vehicle” means a vehicle designed, used, or maintained for more than eight persons, including the driver, that is used by a child care provider to transport children. (2) “Child care provider” has the same meaning as provided for “day care center” in Section 1596.76 of the Health and Safety Code. (Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 426, Sec. 34. (AB 1840) Effective September 17, 2018.)
  130. 2817.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not ignore a traffic signal or direction from a qualified peace officer escorting a funeral procession, when the officer is in uniform and actively escorting the procession.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2817. Any person who disregards any traffic signal or direction given by a peace officer authorized pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 70 of the Penal Code to escort funeral processions, if the peace officer is in a peace officer’s uniform, and is in the process of escorting a funeral procession, shall be guilty of an infraction and subject to the penalties provided in subdivision (a) of Section 42001. (Added by Stats. 1984, Ch. 1108, Sec. 1.)
  131. 2818.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    It is unlawful to drive through certain traffic-control patterns or combinations of them.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 4. Administration and Enforcement [2800 - 2818] ( Chapter 4 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Lawful Orders and Inspections [2800 - 2818] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2818. It is unlawful to traverse an electronic beacon pattern, a flare pattern, cone pattern, or combination of electronic beacon, flare, or cone patterns, provided for the regulation of traffic, or provided in a situation where public safety personnel are engaged in traffic control or emergency scene management. (Amended by Stats. 2008, Ch. 120, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2009.)
  132. 28200.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines key terms used in the connected vehicle service chapter.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28200. Unless the context requires otherwise, for purposes of this chapter, the following terms have the following meanings: (a) “Account holder” means a person who is a party to or a user of services provided under a contract for connected vehicle service with a covered provider, and includes, but is not limited to, a subscriber, customer, or registered user. (b) “Connected vehicle location access” is a type of connected vehicle service that allows a person who is outside of a vehicle, excluding a covered provider or vehicle cellular data provider, to view or track the location of the vehicle, including, but not limited to, a location determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS), whether through the internet, an app-based technology, or any other remote wireless connectivity technology. (c) “Connected vehicle service” means a software application that is designed to be operated on a mobile device provided by or on behalf of a vehicle manufacturer that enables a person, excluding a covered provider or vehicle cellular data provider, to remotely obtain the location of the vehicle or send data from, or send commands to, a vehicle. (d) “Connected vehicle service account” means an account or other means by which a person enrolls in or obtains access to a connected vehicle service. (e) “Connected vehicle service request” means a request by a person to terminate another person’s access to connected vehicle service. (f) “Covered provider” means a vehicle manufacturer or an entity acting on behalf of the vehicle manufacturer that provides connected vehicle service. (g) “Requestor” means any person submitting a connected vehicle service request consistent with subdivision (a) of Section 28224. (h) “Vehicle” means a motor vehicle having a manufacturer’s maximum gross vehicle weight rating under 6,001 pounds, with connected vehicle service. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 1. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  133. 28202.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicles with connected vehicle service must clearly tell an occupant if connected vehicle location access is enabled.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28202. (a) A vehicle with connected vehicle service shall clearly indicate to a person who is inside the vehicle if connected vehicle location access is enabled. (b) This section shall apply to vehicles beginning with the 2031 model year. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 2. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  134. 28204.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section says the chapter is severable: if one provision or its application is invalid, the rest can still remain effective if they can function without it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28204. The provisions of this chapter are severable. If any provision of this chapter or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. (SB 1394) Effective January 1, 2025. Operative July 1, 2025, pursuant to Sec. 28206.)
  135. 28206.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    This chapter does not apply to vehicles owned or operated by a rental company.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28206. This chapter does not apply to vehicles owned or operated by a rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 3. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  136. 28210.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    A covered provider and its listed personnel are not liable for claims arising from actions taken in compliance with this chapter.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 1. General Provisions [28200 - 28210] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28210. A covered provider or any officer, director, employee, vendor, or agent of a covered provider shall not be subject to liability for any claims deriving from an action taken in compliance with this chapter. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. (SB 1394) Effective January 1, 2025. Operative July 1, 2025, pursuant to Sec. 28206.)
  137. 28220.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    A covered provider must put a prominent website link labeled “HOW TO DISCONNECT REMOTE VEHICLE ACCESS” in place and keep its communications clear, concise, and in accessible language.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28220. (a) A covered provider shall provide a process that includes a prominent and clearly visible link entitled “HOW TO DISCONNECT REMOTE VEHICLE ACCESS” on its internet website to complete both of the following transactions: (1) Submit a connected vehicle service request. (2) Obtain a new connected vehicle service account. (b) A covered provider shall ensure that all communications provided pursuant to this article are clear, concise, and written in accessible language. It is imperative that drivers, particularly those who are abuse survivors, receive support and clear guidance throughout the process for submitting a connected vehicle service request or obtaining a new connected vehicle service account. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. (SB 1394) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  138. 28222.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    Covered providers must confirm connected vehicle service requests by email, notify requestors of the review result, and give approved requestors guidance for creating an account if needed.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28222. To enhance transparency and communication, the process to submit a connected vehicle service request or obtain a new connected vehicle service account shall be efficient, secure, user-friendly, and include all of the following features: (a) Upon submission of a connected vehicle service request or request to obtain a new connected vehicle service account consistent with this article, the covered provider shall automatically send a confirmation email to the requestor, acknowledging the receipt of the request. This email shall contain a reference number for the request and an outline of the subsequent steps in the process. (b) Upon completing the review of the request, the covered provider shall inform the requestor of the action taken, including, as applicable, whether a person’s access to connected vehicle service has been terminated, or if additional information or proof of legal possession of the vehicle is needed. This alert shall clearly state any relevant details or further actions required from the requestor to complete a successful connected vehicle service request. (c) If a connected vehicle service request is approved, the covered provider shall provide the requestor with a clear explanation and guidance on how to create their own connected vehicle service account, if applicable, to ensure that the requestor can maintain control over the connected vehicle service once another person’s access to connected vehicle service has been terminated. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 4. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  139. 28224.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    A requester must give a covered provider the vehicle ID number and proof of legal possession to show authority to end someone’s connected vehicle service access. The provider cannot demand extra proof or extra steps, and must terminate access within two business days after receiving a complete request.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28224. (a) A person making a connected vehicle service request shall demonstrate to a covered provider the authority to terminate a person’s access to connected vehicle service by providing both of the following: (1) The vehicle identification number. (2) Proof of legal possession of the vehicle, which may be a legal title to the vehicle, or a dissolution decree, temporary court order, or domestic violence restraining order that awards possession or exclusive use of the vehicle to the requestor. A court order awarding sole possession or exclusive use of a vehicle shall take priority over a vehicle title showing joint ownership for purposes of this article. (b) A covered provider shall not require a requestor to provide any proof of legal possession other than what is required in subdivision (a) to establish the authority to terminate a person’s access to connected vehicle service. (c) A covered provider shall not require a requestor to take any action to terminate a person’s access to connected vehicle service other than what is set forth in this section, including, but not limited to, requiring any of the following: (1) Payment of a fee, penalty, or other charge to complete a connected vehicle service request. (2) Maintaining or extending the term of a connected vehicle service account. (3) Approval by any account holder, including, but not limited to, the named account holder, of the change in access. (4) An increase in the rate charged for the connected vehicle service. (d) A covered provider shall terminate a person’s access to connected vehicle service within two business days after the date of receiving a completed connected vehicle service request from a requestor who meets the requirements of this section. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 5. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  140. 28226.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    A covered provider must keep certain connected-vehicle request information confidential, protect personal information with appropriate security and privacy, and generally may not share it with third parties without the requester’s affirmative consent.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28226. (a) If a covered provider terminated a person’s access to connected vehicle service in response to a connected vehicle service request, the covered provider shall not provide to the person any data or information regarding the requestor, the vehicle, or any new connected vehicle service account that was generated after that person’s access to the connected vehicle service was terminated. (b) A covered provider shall ensure that all personal information provided during the process to terminate a person’s access to connected vehicle service is handled with appropriate security and privacy, adhering to relevant data protection laws and regulations. (c) A covered provider and any officer, director, employee, vendor, or agent thereof shall treat any information submitted by a person making a connected vehicle service request pursuant to this article as confidential and shall comply with applicable privacy laws. (d) A covered provider shall not share information submitted by a person making a connected vehicle service request pursuant to this article with any third party without the affirmative consent of the requestor, unless sharing that information is required to effectuate a connected vehicle service request. (e) Nothing in this section shall preclude a covered provider from responding to a court order or warrant. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 6. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  141. 28228.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    Ending connected vehicle service under this article does not affect legal ownership of the vehicle.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Access to Connected Vehicle Service [28220 - 28228] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28228. The termination of connected vehicle service pursuant to this article shall not be deemed to impact legal ownership of a vehicle. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. (SB 1394) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  142. 28240.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    If a vehicle has connected vehicle location access, the covered provider must provide a way for an inside driver to immediately disable it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28240. If a vehicle includes connected vehicle location access, a covered provider shall provide a mechanism that can be used by a driver who is inside a vehicle to immediately disable connected vehicle location access. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. (SB 1394) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  143. 28242.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    A connected vehicle location-access disabling mechanism must be easy to use, avoid remote/online apps, avoid account/login requirements, and only allow re-enabling from inside the vehicle by an inside driver.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28242. A mechanism for disabling connected vehicle location access shall meet all of the following requirements: (a) Be prominently located and easy to use. (b) Not require access to, or use of, a remote or online application. (c) (1) Not require account creation, a password, or login information. (2) A vehicle manufacturer may require a driver to input a mobile number associated with the connected vehicle service account. If a vehicle manufacturer requires a driver to input a mobile number in order to disable the connected vehicle location access connection, it shall not require any further information in order to allow the driver to disable the connection, including, but not limited to, using that number as part of a two-factor authentication process that results in sending a code to the mobile number. (d) Allow connected vehicle location access that has been disabled from inside the vehicle to be enabled only by a driver who is located inside the vehicle. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. (SB 1394) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  144. 28244.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    If connected vehicle location access is disabled from inside the vehicle, the connected vehicle service must not notify the account holder about that disablement.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28244. Disabling the connected vehicle location access from inside the vehicle shall not result in an account holder of the connected vehicle service receiving any notification related to the connected vehicle location access being disabled, including, but not limited to, an alert, email, text, or telephone call. (Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 7. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  145. 28246.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    This article becomes operative on different dates depending on vehicle model year, with an exception if compliance is technologically infeasible.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28246] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Connected Vehicle Service [28200 - 28246] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Disabling Connected Vehicle Location Access [28240 - 28246] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 655, Sec. 2. ) ## 28246. This article shall become operative as follows: (a) Beginning with the 2031 model year, all vehicles with connected vehicle location access. (b) For 2028, 2029, and 2030 model year vehicles, as soon as practicable after the vehicle is sold unless technologically infeasible. (c) On or before July 1, 2027, for 2027 model year or older vehicles unless technologically infeasible. (Added by Stats. 2026, Ch. 53, Sec. 8. (SB 719) Effective June 30, 2026.)
  146. 285.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    “Dealer” means a person who meets either of two vehicle-trading business descriptions, unless expressly excluded by Section 286.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 285. “Dealer” is a person not otherwise expressly excluded by Section 286 who: (a) For commission, money, or other thing of value, sells, exchanges, buys, or offers for sale, negotiates or attempts to negotiate, a sale or exchange of an interest in, a vehicle subject to registration, a motorcycle, snowmobile, or all-terrain vehicle subject to identification under this code, or a trailer subject to identification pursuant to Section 5014.1, or induces or attempts to induce any person to buy or exchange an interest in a vehicle and, who receives or expects to receive a commission, money, brokerage fees, profit, or any other thing of value, from either the seller or purchaser of the vehicle. (b) Is engaged wholly or in part in the business of selling vehicles or buying or taking in trade, vehicles for the purpose of resale, selling, or offering for sale, or consigned to be sold, or otherwise dealing in vehicles, whether or not the vehicles are owned by the person. (Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 270, Sec. 8. Effective January 1, 2006.)
  147. 28500.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12.5. Zero-Emission Vehicles [28500- 28500.] ( Division 12.5 heading added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 585, Sec. 2. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Public Agency Utility Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles [28500- 28500.] ( Chapter 1 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 585, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Public agency utilities are defined here, and state regulations that require zero-emission vehicle procurement must allow them to buy replacement utility-specialized vehicles at end of life when needed for reliable service and major foreseeable events. Public agency utilities may also submit comprehensive vehicle-usage data for daily-usage determinations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 12.5. Zero-Emission Vehicles [28500- 28500.] ( Division 12.5 heading added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 585, Sec. 2. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Public Agency Utility Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles [28500- 28500.] ( Chapter 1 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 585, Sec. 3. ) ## 28500. (a) “Public agency utility” means a local publicly owned electric utility, as defined in Section 224.3 of the Public Utilities Code, a community water system, as defined in Section 116275 of the Health and Safety Code, a water district, as defined in Section 20200 of the Water Code, and a wastewater treatment provider, as defined in Section 116773.2 of the Health and Safety Code. (b) Any state regulation that seeks to require, or otherwise compel, the procurement of medium- and heavy-duty zero-emission vehicles shall authorize public agency utilities to purchase replacements for traditional utility-specialized vehicles that are at the end of life, as determined by the State Air Resources Board in consultation with public agency utilities, when needed to maintain reliable service and respond to major foreseeable events, including, but not limited to, severe weather, wildfires, natural disasters, and physical attacks, without regard to the model year of the vehicle being replaced. For the purposes of determining the daily usage of a medium- or heavy-duty vehicle, a public agency utility may provide comprehensive usage data for a class of vehicles that does not exclusively rely on the lowest mileage reading and does not exclude the highest usage days. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 585, Sec. 3. (AB 1594) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  148. 286.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines who is not a “dealer” and sets conditions for some nonprofit vehicle sales exemptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 286. The term “dealer” does not include any of the following: (a) Insurance companies, banks, finance companies, public officials, or any other person coming into possession of vehicles in the regular course of business, who sells vehicles under a contractual right or obligation, in performance of an official duty, or in authority of any court of law, if the sale is for the purpose of saving the seller from loss or pursuant to the authority of a court. (b) Persons who sell or distribute vehicles of a type subject to registration or trailers subject to identification pursuant to Section 5014.1 for a manufacturer to vehicle dealers licensed under this code, or who are employed by manufacturers or distributors to promote the sale of vehicles dealt in by those manufacturers or distributors. However, any of those persons who also sell vehicles at retail are vehicle dealers and are subject to this code. (c) Persons regularly employed as salespersons by vehicle dealers licensed under this code while acting within the scope of that employment. (d) Persons engaged exclusively in the bona fide business of exporting vehicles or of soliciting orders for the sale and delivery of vehicles outside the territorial limits of the United States, if no federal excise tax is legally payable or refundable on any of the transactions. Persons not engaged exclusively in the bona fide business of exporting vehicles, but who are engaged in the business of soliciting orders for the sale and delivery of vehicles, outside the territorial limits of the United States are exempt from licensure as dealers only if their sales of vehicles produce less than 10 percent of their total gross revenue from all business transacted. (e) Persons not engaged in the purchase or sale of vehicles as a business, who dispose of any vehicle acquired and used in good faith, for their own personal use, or for use in their business, and not for the purpose of avoiding the provisions of this code. (f) Persons who are engaged in the purchase, sale, or exchange of vehicles, other than motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, or trailers subject to identification under this code, that are not intended for use on the highways. (g) Persons temporarily retained as auctioneers solely for the purpose of disposing of vehicle stock inventories by means of public auction on behalf of the owners at the owners’ place of business, or as otherwise approved by the department, if intermediate physical possession or control of, or an ownership interest in, the inventory is not conveyed to the persons so retained. (h) Persons who are engaged exclusively in the business of purchasing, selling, servicing, or exchanging racing vehicles, parts for racing vehicles, and trailers designed and intended by the manufacturer to be used exclusively for carrying racing vehicles. For purposes of this subdivision, “racing vehicle” means a motor vehicle of a type used exclusively in a contest of speed or in a competitive trial of speed which is not intended for use on the highways. (i) A person who is a lessor. (j) A person who is a renter. (k) A salvage pool. (l) A yacht broker who is subject to the Yacht and Ship Brokers Act (Article 2 (commencing with Section 700) of Chapter 5 of Division 3 of the Harbors and Navigation Code) and who sells used boat trailers in conjunction with the sale of a vessel. (m) A licensed automobile dismantler who sells vehicles that have been reported for dismantling as provided in Section 11520. (n) The Director of Corrections when selling vehicles pursuant to Section 2813.5 of the Penal Code. (o) (1) Any public or private nonprofit charitable, religious, or educational institution or organization that sells vehicles if all of the following conditions are met: (A) The institution or organization qualifies for state tax-exempt status under Section 23701d of the Revenue and Taxation Code, and tax-exempt status under Section 501(c)(3) of the federal Internal Revenue Code. (B) The vehicles sold were donated to the nonprofit charitable, religious, or educational institution or organization. (C) The vehicles subject to retail sale meet all of the applicable equipment requirements of Division 12 (commencing with Section 24000) and are in compliance with emission control requirements as evidenced by the issuance of a certificate pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 44015 of the Health and Safety Code. Under no circumstances may any institution or organization transfer the responsibility of obtaining a smog inspection certificate to the buyer of the vehicle. (D) The proceeds of the sale of the vehicles are retained by that institution or organization for its charitable, religious, or educational purposes. (2) An institution or organization described in paragraph (1) may sell vehicles on behalf of another institution or organization under the following conditions: (A) The nonselling institution or organization meets the requirements of paragraph (1). (B) The selling and nonselling institutions or organizations enter into a signed, written agreement pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 1660. (C) The selling institution or organization transfers the proceeds from the sale of each vehicle to the nonselling institution or organization within 45 days of the sale. All net proceeds transferred to the nonselling institution or organization shall clearly be identifiable to the sale of a specific vehicle. The selling institution or organization may retain a percentage of the proceeds from the sale of a particular vehicle. However, any retained proceeds shall be used by the selling institution or organization for its charitable, religious, or educational purposes. (D) At the time of transferring the proceeds, the selling institution or organization shall provide to the nonselling institution or organization, an itemized listing of the vehicles sold and the amount for which each vehicle was sold. (E) In the event the selling institution or organization cannot complete a retail sale of a particular vehicle, or if the vehicle cannot be transferred as a wholesale transaction to a dealer licensed under this code, the vehicle shall be returned to the nonselling institution or organization and the written agreement revised to reflect that return. Under no circumstances may a selling institution or organization transfer or donate the vehicle to a third party that is excluded from the definition of a dealer under this section. (3) An institution or organization described in this subdivision shall retain all records required to be retained pursuant to Section 1660. (p) A motor club, as defined in Section 12142 of the Insurance Code, that does not arrange or negotiate individual motor vehicle purchase transactions on behalf of its members but refers members to a new motor vehicle dealer for the purchase of a new motor vehicle and does not receive a fee from the dealer contingent upon the sale of the vehicle. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 836, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  149. 288.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    “Declared combined gross weight” means the unladen weight of a vehicle combination plus the heaviest load it will carry.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 288. “Declared combined gross weight” equals the total unladen weight of the combination of vehicles plus the heaviest load that will be transported by that combination of vehicles. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 861, Sec. 12. Effective September 29, 2000. Operative December 31, 2001, pursuant to Sec. 67 of Ch. 861.)
  150. 289.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “Declared gross vehicle weight” as the vehicle’s unladen weight plus the heaviest load it will carry.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 289. “Declared gross vehicle weight” means weight that equals the total unladen weight of the vehicle plus the heaviest load that will be transported on the vehicle. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 861, Sec. 13. Effective September 29, 2000. Operative December 31, 2001, pursuant to Sec. 67 of Ch. 861.)
  151. 29.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    If the code requires registered-mail notice, certified mail or authorized electronic notification counts as sufficient compliance.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29. Wherever a notice or other communication is required by this code to be mailed by registered mail by or to a person or corporation, the mailing of that notice or other communication by certified mail, or by electronic notification, as authorized pursuant to Section 1801.2, shall be deemed to be a sufficient compliance with the requirements of law. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 838, Sec. 3. (SB 1193) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  152. 290.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    “Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles, except in certain listed chapters and divisions where it means the Department of the California Highway Patrol.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 290. “Department” means the Department of Motor Vehicles except, when used in Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 2100) of Division 2 and in Divisions 11 (commencing with Section 21000), 12 (commencing with Section 24000), 13 (commencing with Section 29000), 14 (commencing with Section 31600), 14.1 (commencing with Section 32000), 14.3 (commencing with Section 32100), 14.5 (commencing with Section 33000), 14.7 (commencing with Section 34000), and 14.8 (commencing with Section 34500), it shall mean the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1384, Sec. 1.)
  153. 2900.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section establishes the California Traffic Safety Program and requires it to include measures to reduce traffic accidents and improve driver, bicyclist, and pedestrian safety.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2900. There is in this state, the California Traffic Safety Program, which consists of a comprehensive plan in conformity with the laws of this state to reduce traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting from accidents. The program shall include, but not be limited to, provisions to improve driver performance, including, but not limited to, driver education, driver testing to determine proficiency to operate motor vehicles, and driver examinations and driver licensing, and provisions to improve bicyclist and pedestrian education and performance. In addition, the program shall include, but not be limited to, provisions for an effective record system of accidents, including injuries and deaths resulting from accidents; accident investigations to determine the probable causes of accidents, injuries, and deaths; vehicle registration, operation, and inspection; highway design and maintenance including lighting, markings, and surface treatment; traffic control; vehicle codes and laws; surveillance of traffic for detection and correction of high or potentially high accident locations; and emergency services. (Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 181, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2001.)
  154. 29000.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This chapter generally does not apply to tow trucks or certain connections and lawful trailers used as pole or pipe dollies, unless a specific provision says otherwise.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29000. Unless specified, this chapter does not apply to tow trucks or to the drawbar or other connection between a motor vehicle and a pole or pipe dolly or logging dolly or to any lawful trailer used as a pole or pipe dolly. (Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 924, Sec. 19.)
  155. 29001.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Fifth wheel connecting devices on semitrailers, truck-tractors, or auxiliary dollies must be securely attached to the vehicle.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29001. The upper and lower halves of every fifth wheel connecting device on any semitrailer and truck-tractor or auxiliary dolly shall be securely affixed to the vehicles to prevent shifting of the device on the vehicle to which it is attached. (Added by renumbering Section 29000 by Stats. 1969, Ch. 338.)
  156. 29002.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Fifth wheel mechanisms, including adapters, must have a locking device and a manual release designed so the halves cannot separate accidentally or without positive manual release.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29002. Every fifth wheel mechanism, including adapters, shall be equipped with a locking device which will not permit the upper and lower halves to be separated without the operation of a positive manual release. The manual release shall be designed, installed, and maintained so that it cannot be accidentally operated. Automatic locking devices on fifth wheels designed and constructed to be readily separable are required on any vehicle first required to be registered in this state after January 1, 1954. (Added by renumbering Section 29001 by Stats. 1969, Ch. 338.)
  157. 29003.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Towing connections and tow-dolly attachments must be securely mounted, reinforced, and strong enough for the load.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29003. (a) Every hitch or coupling device used as a means of attaching the towed and towing vehicles shall be properly and securely mounted and be structurally adequate for the weight drawn. The mounting of the hitch or coupling device on the towing and towed vehicle shall include sufficient reinforcement or bracing of the frame to provide sufficient strength and rigidity to prevent undue distortion of the frame. (b) The drawbar, tongue, or other connection between the towing and towed vehicles shall be securely attached and structurally adequate for the weight drawn. (c) The raised end of any motor vehicle being transported by another motor vehicle using a tow dolly shall be secured to the tow dolly by two separate chains, cables, or equivalent devices adequate to prevent shifting or separation of the towed vehicle and the tow dolly. (Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 708, Sec. 10.)
  158. 29004.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section requires tow connections to use safety chains or equivalent devices, with extra chain requirements for tow trucks and trailers, and it limits slack and requires secure attachment.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29004. (a) (1) Except as required under paragraph (2), a towed vehicle shall be coupled to the towing vehicle by means of a safety chain, cable, or equivalent device in addition to the regular drawbar, tongue, or other connection. (2) A vehicle towed by a tow truck shall be coupled to the tow truck by means of at least two safety chains in addition to the primary restraining system. The safety chains shall be securely affixed to the truck frame, bed, or towing equipment, independent of the towing sling, wheel lift, or under-reach towing equipment. (3) A vehicle transported as a load on a trailer, using vehicles other than those described in Section 34500, shall be secured by at least four tiedown chains, straps, or an equivalent device, independent of the winch or loading cable. (b) All safety connections and attachments shall be of sufficient strength to control the towed vehicle in the event of failure of the regular hitch, coupling device, drawbar, tongue, or other connection. All safety connections and attachments also shall have a positive means of ensuring that the safety connection or attachment does not become dislodged while in transit. (c) No more slack may be left in a safety chain, cable, or equivalent device than is necessary to permit proper turning. When a drawbar is used as the towing connection, the safety chain, cable, or equivalent device shall be connected to the towed and towing vehicle and to the drawbar so as to prevent the drawbar from dropping to the ground if the drawbar fails. (d) Subdivision (a) does not apply to a semitrailer having a connecting device composed of a fifth wheel and kingpin assembly, and does not apply to a towed motor vehicle when steered by a person who holds a license for the type of vehicle being towed. (e) For purposes of this section, a “tow truck” includes both of the following: (1) A repossessor’s tow vehicle, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 615. (2) An automobile dismantler’s tow vehicle, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 615. (f) A vehicle towed by a repossessor’s tow vehicle, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 615, is exempt from the multisafety chain requirement of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) so long as the vehicle is not towed more than one mile on a public highway and is secured by one safety chain. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 311, Sec. 9. (SB 814) Effective January 1, 2022.)
  159. 29004.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Recreational vehicles designed to be towed must have a compliant safety connection, and the retail seller, renter, or lessor must give the buyer, renter, or lessee instructions on how to make the connection.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29004.5. No recreational vehicle, as described in Section 18010.5 of the Health and Safety Code, designed to be towed, shall be manufactured for sale in this state, sold, offered for sale, leased, or rented unless it is equipped with a safety connection in compliance with Section 29004 with breaking strength which equals or exceeds the gross weight of the towed vehicle. The retail seller, renter, or lessor shall supply instructions to the purchaser, renter, or lessee of such recreational vehicle on proper methods of making the connection between the towed and towing vehicles. Nothing in this section shall, however, require a lessor of a recreational vehicle to supply to the lessee of such vehicle the required instructions if such vehicle is sold to the lessor by a third party and such third party or the agent of the third party delivers possession of the vehicle to the lessee. In such case, such third party shall supply to the lessee the required instructions. (Added by Stats. 1978, Ch. 932.)
  160. 29005.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    If one vehicle is towing another, the drawbar or other connection must not be longer than 15 feet.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29005. When one vehicle is towing another, the drawbar or other connection shall not exceed 15 feet. (Added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 58.)
  161. 29006.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not tow another motor vehicle on a freeway unless the tow vehicle is rigidly connected to the towed vehicle by nonrigid means.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29006. (a) No person shall operate a vehicle towing another motor vehicle upon a freeway unless the towing vehicle is coupled to the towed vehicle by a rigid structure attached securely to both vehicles by nonrigid means. (b) The requirements of subdivision (a) are not applicable to a vehicle towing a motor vehicle which has been disabled and is being towed from the point of disablement to the nearest and most accessible exit from the freeway. (Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 334.)
  162. 29007.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicles used in driveaway-towaway operations are exempt from Section 29004 if all listed conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29007. The requirements of Section 29004 shall not apply to vehicles engaged in driveaway-towaway operations if all the following conditions are met: (a) The towed vehicle has one end supported by the towing vehicle. (b) The towed vehicle is secured to the towing vehicle by a device designed and constructed as to be readily demountable and to perform the functions of a fifth-wheel-type connection. (c) The fifth-wheel-type connection device is securely affixed to the vehicles to prevent shifting of the device on the vehicles to which it is attached. (d) The fifth-wheel-type connection device provides a means of variation of inclination between the towing and towed vehicle due to vertical curvatures of the highway. Such means shall not depend upon either the looseness or deformation of the connection or the vehicles to provide for such variation. (e) No more than three saddle-mounts may be used in any combination. (f) No more than one tow-bar or ball-and-socket type coupling device may be used in any combination. (g) Driveaway-towaway combinations shall comply with all provisions specified in Section 393.71 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 451, Sec. 56. (SB 491) Effective January 1, 2016.)
  163. 29008.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Sections 29004 and 29005 do not apply to certain trailers or dollies used to support booms attached to truck cranes if specified connection and securing conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29008. Sections 29004 and 29005 shall not apply to trailers or dollies used to support booms attached to truck cranes if the following conditions are met: (a) The trailer or dolly is connected to the boom by a pin, coupling device, or fifth wheel assembly. (b) The trailer is secured to the boom with a chain, cable, or equivalent device of sufficient strength to control the trailer or dolly in case of failure of the connection consisting of a pin, coupling device, or fifth wheel assembly. (Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 664. Effective January 1, 2007.)
  164. 29009.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Section 29004 does not apply to certain dollies used with special construction equipment when permit and securing conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 13. TOWING AND LOADING EQUIPMENT [29000 - 31560] ( Division 13 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 1. Towing Equipment [29000 - 29009] ( Chapter 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 29009. The requirements of Section 29004 do not apply to a dolly used to support a portion of special construction equipment, as defined in Section 565, which, due to its size or weight is being operated under the authority of a permit issued by the Department of Transportation, if the dolly is secured to the construction equipment, and the construction equipment is secured to the towing vehicle, by chain, cable, or equivalent devices of sufficient strength to control the construction equipment and dolly. (Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 907, Sec. 3.)
  165. 2901.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Governor may appoint a highway safety representative, who must serve in the Transportation Agency and help prepare the California Traffic Safety Program.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2901. The Governor may appoint a highway safety representative who shall serve in the Transportation Agency and who shall, in consultation with the Governor and Secretary of Transportation, prepare the California Traffic Safety Program. The Governor is responsible for the administration of the program, and has final approval of all phases of the program, and may take all action necessary to secure the full benefits available to the program under the Federal Highway Safety Act of 1966, and any amendments thereto. The highway safety representative serves at the pleasure of the secretary. (Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 352, Sec. 522. (AB 1317) Effective September 26, 2013. Operative July 1, 2013, by Sec. 543 of Ch. 352.)
  166. 2902.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Governor may delegate program-administration authority to the Secretary of Transportation and the highway safety representative, and they may use that authority once it is delegated.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2902. To the maximum extent permitted by federal law and regulations and the laws of this state, the Governor may delegate to the Secretary of Transportation and the highway safety representative the authority necessary to administer the program, and the secretary and the representative may exercise this authority once delegated. (Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 352, Sec. 523. (AB 1317) Effective September 26, 2013. Operative July 1, 2013, by Sec. 543 of Ch. 352.)
  167. 2903.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Governor may establish an advisory committee for the California Traffic Safety Program.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2903. The Governor may establish an Advisory Committee on the California Traffic Safety Program which shall consist of various officials of state and local government and other persons who are interested in the establishment of a comprehensive program of traffic safety in this state including, but not limited to, representatives of agriculture, railroads, the Institute of Transportation and Traffic Engineering of the University of California, the motor vehicle manufacturing industry, the automobile aftermarket equipment servicing and manufacturing industry, automobile dealers, the trucking industry, labor, motor vehicle user organizations, and traffic safety organizations. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  168. 2904.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The California Traffic Safety Program must include a local program aimed at encouraging local governments to establish traffic safety programs consistent with the state program’s objectives.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2904. The California Traffic Safety Program shall include a local traffic safety program designed to encourage the political subdivisions of this state to establish traffic safety programs consistent with the objectives of the California Traffic Safety Program. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  169. 2905.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Governor must submit a report to the Legislature by the fifth legislative day of the 1968 session and every year after that.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2905. On or before the fifth legislative day of the 1968 legislative session and each year thereafter, the Governor shall submit a report to the Legislature through such interim committee or committees as may be designated by legislative resolution. Such report shall include a detailed presentation of the California Traffic Safety Program, a statement concerning the progress made in implementing the program and recommendations concerning possible legislative action deemed necessary or desirable to implement the program. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  170. 2906.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The California Traffic Safety Program Fund is created in the State Treasury and is to consist of the funds referred to in Section 2907.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2906. The California Traffic Safety Program Fund is hereby created in the State Treasury to consist of the funds referred to in Section 2907. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  171. 2907.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain federal highway safety funds, once apportioned to California by the Secretary of Commerce, are continuously appropriated for the California Traffic Safety Program.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2907. Any funds which are appropriated by Congress for the purposes of carrying out Section 402 of Title 23, United States Code (P.L. 89-564; 80 Stats. 731) and which are apportioned to this state by the Secretary of Commerce pursuant to Section 402 of Title 23, United States Code (P.L. 89-564; 80 Stats. 731) are continuously appropriated for the purposes and uses of the California Traffic Safety Program. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  172. 2908.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Governor must apportion funds from the California Traffic Safety Program Fund among state agencies and local political subdivisions, following the program’s purposes and any applicable federal apportionment requirements.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2908. The Governor shall apportion any funds contained in the California Traffic Safety Program Fund among the various state agencies and local political subdivisions as shall effectuate the purposes of the program, and, in accordance with any federal formula for apportionment or other federal requirements as contained in federal enactments, regulations, or standards promulgated by the Secretary of Commerce. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  173. 2909.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local political subdivisions may participate in local traffic safety programs in their jurisdiction if the Governor approves the program.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2909. Any local political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a city, a county, a city and county, a district, or a special district, is authorized to participate in a local traffic safety program within its jurisdiction if such local program is approved by the Governor; provided, however, that any local political subdivision may participate in a traffic safety program other than that promulgated pursuant to the federal Highway Safety Act of 1966. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  174. 291.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    References in this code to the Department of Public Works mean the Department of Transportation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 291. Any reference in this code to the Department of Public Works shall be deemed to refer to the Department of Transportation, which is part of the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency as provided by Section 13975 of the Government Code. (Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 454, Sec. 178.)
  175. 2910.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local political subdivision may use funds apportioned to it from the California Traffic Safety Program Fund to implement its local traffic safety program.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2910. Such local political subdivision may use, in implementing its local traffic safety program, any funds which are apportioned to it from the California Traffic Safety Program Fund by the Governor pursuant to Section 2908. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492.)
  176. 2911.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. )

    Verify source ↗

    Traffic safety programs that receive state funds and run public awareness campaigns about emergency vehicle operations must include information about the risks of peace officer vehicle pursuits and the penalties for evading a peace officer.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Traffic Safety [2900 - 2911] ( Heading of Article 1 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 1. ) ## 2911. All traffic safety programs that receive state funds and that include public awareness campaigns involving emergency vehicle operations shall include in the public awareness campaign, information on the risks to public safety of peace officer motor vehicle pursuits, and the penalties that may result from evading a peace officer. (Added by Stats. 2005, Ch. 485, Sec. 8. Effective January 1, 2006.)
  177. 2930.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines three terms used in the article: “Commissioner,” “Fund,” and “Program.”

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. ) ## 2930. (a) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol. (b) “Fund” means the California Motorcyclist Safety Fund. (c) “Program” means the motorcyclist safety program established in this article. (Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2.)
  178. 2931.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    A motorcyclist safety program is established in the Department of the California Highway Patrol and is administered by the commissioner.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. ) ## 2931. A motorcyclist safety program is hereby established in the Department of the California Highway Patrol, to be administered by the commissioner. (Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2.)
  179. 2932.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner may support and coordinate motorcycle safety programs, set standards, and create an advisory committee, but cannot set a maximum fee for premier program courses on and after January 1, 2008.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. ) ## 2932. The commissioner may, through contracts with other public agencies or with private entities, do all of the following: (a) Provide financial or other support to projects aimed at enhancing motorcycle operation and safety, including, but not limited to, motorcyclist safety training programs. The motorcyclist safety training programs shall comply with criteria which the commissioner, in consultation with other state agencies and national motorcycle safety organizations, may adopt to provide validated motorcyclist safety training programs in the state. (b) Sponsor and coordinate efforts aimed at increasing motorists’ awareness of motorcyclists. (c) Sponsor research into effective communication techniques to reach all highway users on matters of motorcyclist safety. (d) Establish an advisory committee of persons from other state and local agencies with an interest in motorcycle safety; persons from the motorcycle industry; motorcycle safety organizations; motorcycle enthusiast organizations; and others with an interest in motorcycle safety, to assist in the establishment of a comprehensive program of motorcycle safety. (e) Adopt standards for course content, contact hours, curriculum, instructor training and testing, and instructional quality control, and setting forth a maximum amount for course fees for the novice rider training course specified in subdivisions (g) and (i) of Section 12804.9. (f) (1) Adopt standards for course content, contact hours, curriculum, instructor training and testing, and instructional quality control, for a premier motorcyclist safety training program. Motorcycle safety training courses offered under a premier motorcyclist safety training program shall meet all of the following requirements: (A) Provide a core curriculum approved for the novice rider training course specified in subdivision (e). (B) Additional course requirements established by the commissioner. (2) On and after January 1, 2008, the commissioner shall not impose a maximum amount for course fees for courses provided under the premier motorcyclist safety training program. (3) All administrative costs of a premier motorcyclist safety training program shall be paid for by the provider, and none of the costs shall be paid for by the state. (Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 711, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007.)
  180. 2933.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner may not directly run program services, and services funded under this article must be delivered through contracts or grants.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. ) ## 2933. The commissioner shall not directly manage or provide program services. Any program service financed under this article shall be provided under contractual arrangements or grant funding. All public agencies assisting or providing program services under this article shall be fully reimbursed for their costs by the commissioner. The commissioner shall monitor and evaluate any contracts or grants executed pursuant to this article to ensure that the provisions of the contracts or grants are adhered to by the recipients. (Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2.)
  181. 2934.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    Creates the California Motorcyclist Safety Fund in the State Treasury and limits how its money may be used and encumbered.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. ) ## 2934. (a) The California Motorcyclist Safety Fund is hereby created in the State Treasury. The money in the fund is available, when appropriated by the Legislature, to fund programs established pursuant to this article and to defray related costs incurred. Moneys in the fund are and shall be held as trust funds for the exclusive trust purposes specified in this article. (b) The commissioner shall not in any way encumber moneys in the fund beyond that amount which is actually available in the fund at the time of encumbrance, and shall not in any manner pledge or encumber future revenues to accrue to the fund from any source. (Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2.)
  182. 2935.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Motor Vehicles must collect a $2 fee when a motorcycle is initially registered or renewed, and deposit those additional fees in the fund.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. California Traffic Safety Program [2900 - 2935] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1492. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Motorcycle Safety [2930 - 2935] ( Article 2 added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2. ) ## 2935. The Department of Motor Vehicles shall, in addition to other fees, collect a fee of two dollars ($2) upon initial registration and renewal of registration of every motorcycle subject to registration fees. These additional fees shall be deposited in the fund. (Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 547, Sec. 2.)
  183. 295.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “director” as the Director of Motor Vehicles.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 295. The “director” is the Director of Motor Vehicles. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  184. 295.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines when a person counts as a “disabled person” for this code section.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 295.5. A “disabled person” is any of the following: (a) Any person who has lost, or has lost the use of, one or more lower extremities or both hands, or who has significant limitation in the use of lower extremities, or who has a diagnosed disease or disorder which substantially impairs or interferes with mobility, or who is so severely disabled as to be unable to move without the aid of an assistant device. (b) Any person who is blind to the extent that the person’s central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye, with corrective lenses, as measured by the Snellen test, or visual acuity that is greater than 20/200, but with a limitation in the field of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle not greater than 20 degrees. (c) Any person who suffers from lung disease to the extent of any of the following: (1) The person’s forced (respiratory) expiratory volume for one second when measured by spirometry is less than one liter. (2) The person’s arterial oxygen tension (pO2) is less than 60 mm/Hg on room air while the person is at rest. (d) Any person who is impaired by cardiovascular disease to the extent that the person’s functional limitations are classified in severity as class III or class IV based upon standards accepted by the American Heart Association. (Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 554, Sec. 1.)
  185. 295.7.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines who counts as a “disabled veteran.”

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 295.7. A “disabled veteran” is any person who, as a result of injury or disease suffered while on active service with the armed forces of the United States, suffers any of the following: (a) Has a disability which has been rated at 100 percent by the Department of Veterans Affairs or the military service from which the veteran was discharged, due to a diagnosed disease or disorder which substantially impairs or interferes with mobility. (b) Is so severely disabled as to be unable to move without the aid of an assistant device. (c) Has lost, or has lost use of, one or more limbs. (d) Has suffered permanent blindness, as defined in Section 19153 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. (Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 554, Sec. 2.)
  186. 296.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “distributor” for vehicle code purposes.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 296. A “distributor” is any person other than a manufacturer who sells or distributes new vehicles subject to registration under this code, new trailers subject to identification pursuant to Section 5014.1, or new off-highway motorcycles or all-terrain vehicles subject to identification under this code, to dealers in this state and maintains representatives for the purpose of contacting dealers or prospective dealers in this state. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 836, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  187. 297.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “distributor branch.”

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 297. A “distributor branch” is an office maintained by a distributor for the sale of new vehicles or new trailers subject to identification pursuant to Section 5014.1 to dealers or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, the distributor’s representatives. (Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 539, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 2002.)
  188. 3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    People already holding offices under the repealed code keep those offices on the same tenure if those offices are continued by this code.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 3. All persons who, at the time this code goes into effect, hold office under the code repealed by this code, which offices are continued by this code, continue to hold them according to their former tenure. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  189. 30.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The section states a legislative policy that red lights and sirens should be limited to authorized emergency vehicles used for police, fire, and lifesaving services, and that vehicles creating special highway hazards should have flashing amber warning lamps.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 30. It is declared as a matter of legislative policy that red lights and sirens on vehicles should be restricted to authorized emergency vehicles engaged in police, fire and lifesaving services; and that other types of vehicles which are engaged in activities which create special hazards upon the highways should be equipped with flashing amber warning lamps. (Added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 653.)
  190. 300.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “drawbar” as a rigid connector between a trailer and a towing vehicle.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 300. A “drawbar” is a rigid structure forming a connection between a trailer and a towing vehicle, securely attached to both vehicles by nonrigid means and carrying no part of the load of either vehicle. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  191. 3000.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Motor Vehicles has a New Motor Vehicle Board with nine members.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3000. There is in the Department of Motor Vehicles a New Motor Vehicle Board, which consists of nine members. (Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 996.)
  192. 3001.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section sets who may be appointed to the New Motor Vehicle Board and by whom, and it exempts certain exclusive dealers.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3001. (a) Four of the appointive members of the board shall be new motor vehicle dealers as defined in Section 426 who have engaged for a period of not less than five years preceding their appointment in activities regulated by Article 1 (commencing with Section 11700) of Chapter 4 of Division 5. These members shall be appointed by the Governor. (b) Each of the five remaining appointive members shall be a public member who is not a licentiate under Article 1 (commencing with Section 11700) or 2 (commencing with Section 11800) of Chapter 4 of Division 5 or an employee of such licentiate at the time of appointment and one of these five appointive members shall have been admitted to practice law in the state for at least 10 years immediately preceding his or her appointment. One public member shall be appointed by the Senate Committee on Rules, one by the Speaker of the Assembly, and three by the Governor. (c) Each member shall be of good moral character. (d) This section does not apply to a dealer who deals exclusively in motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, as defined in Section 111, or recreational vehicles, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 18010 of the Health and Safety Code. (Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 279, Sec. 2. (AB 988) Effective January 1, 2015.)
  193. 3002.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    Appointments of the appointive members become effective on this article’s effective date.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3002. The appointments of the appointive members shall be made effective as of the effective date of this article. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397.)
  194. 3003.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    Appointive board members serve four-year terms and remain in office until a successor is appointed and qualified, or for up to one year after the term expires, whichever comes first.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3003. (a) Each appointive member of the board shall be appointed for a term of four years and shall hold office until the appointment and qualification of his or her successor or until one year has elapsed since the expiration of the time for which he or she was appointed, whichever occurs first. (b) The terms of the members of the board first appointed shall expire as follows: one public member and one new motor vehicle dealer member, January 15, 1969; two public members and one new motor vehicle dealer member, January 15, 1970; two public members and two new motor vehicle dealer members, January 15, 1971. The terms shall thereupon expire in the same relative order. (c) Vacancies occurring shall be filled by appointment for the unexpired term. This section does not apply to a dealer who deals exclusively in motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, as defined in Section 111, or recreational vehicles, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 18010 of the Health and Safety Code. (Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 279, Sec. 3. (AB 988) Effective January 1, 2015.)
  195. 3004.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    Board members must take an oath of office under the Constitution and the Government Code.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3004. Members of the board shall take an oath of office as provided in the Constitution and the Government Code. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397.)
  196. 3005.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    The appointing authority may remove a board member it appointed at any time for neglect of duties, incompetence, or unprofessional or dishonorable conduct.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3005. The appointing authority has the power to remove from office at any time, any member of the board appointed by such appointing authority for continued neglect of duties required by law, or for incompetence, or unprofessional or dishonorable conduct. Nothing in this section shall be construed as a limitation or restriction on the power of the appointing authority, conferred by any other provision of law, to remove any member of the board. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397.)
  197. 3006.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    The board must choose a president from among its members at the first meeting of each year, and the new president must take office when that meeting ends.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3006. The board shall organize and elect a president from among its members for a term of one year at the first meeting of each year. The newly elected president shall assume his or her duties at the conclusion of the meeting at which he or she was elected. Reelection to office during membership is unrestricted. (Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 512, Sec. 2. (SB 155) Effective January 1, 2014.)
  198. 3007.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    The board must meet at least twice each calendar year. Special meetings may be called at any time by the president or by any five board members, with notice given as the board provides.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3007. The board shall meet at least twice during each calendar year. Special meetings may be called at any time by the president or by any five members of the board upon notice for such time and in such manner as the board may provide. (Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397.)
  199. 3008.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    Board meetings must be open to the public, and anyone may attend. The board may use executive sessions for deliberations tied to a covered proceeding.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3008. All meetings of the board shall be open and public, and all persons shall be permitted to attend any meeting of the board, except that the board may hold executive sessions to deliberate on the decision to be reached upon the evidence introduced in a proceeding conducted in accordance with Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 295, Sec. 6. (AB 2956) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  200. 3010.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. )

    Verify source ↗

    Five board members make a quorum for board business, duties, and powers; three non-dealer members make a quorum for certain Article 4 matters and a petition dispute under Section 3050(b).

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. New Motor Vehicle Board [3000 - 3085.10] ( Heading of Chapter 6 amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Organization of Board [3000 - 3016] ( Article 1 added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 1397. ) ## 3010. Five members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, for the performance of any duty or the exercise of any power or authority of the board, except that three members of the board, who are not new motor vehicle dealers, shall constitute a quorum for the purposes of Article 4 (commencing with Section 3060) and the consideration of a petition pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 3050 that involves a dispute between a franchisee and franchisor. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 796, Sec. 2. (AB 179) Effective January 1, 2020.)

Provision text is displayed from LexChat’s stored statute record. Use the official source links to verify amendments, commencement, and current legal force.

LexChat organizes source-backed legal information for research. Verify amendments, commencement, and current legal force with the official publisher before relying on it.