Road Traffic Act, 2002

This section gives the Act its short title and says it starts on a date the Minister appoints by statutory instrument.

This section defines terms used in the Act.

This section defines many road-traffic terms and establishes the Road Transport and Safety Agency as a body corporate with power to do the things a body corporate may lawfully do.

The Agency must carry out listed road-transport and road-safety functions, and no one may run a road safety programme without the Agency’s prior approval.

This section sets out who makes up the Agency, how some members are chosen, who appoints the Chairperson, and when the Agency reports to the Committee of Ministers.

The Agency must appoint a Director, and the Minister must approve the appointment and related terms. The Director must attend Agency meetings, may speak, and has no vote.

The Director and licensing officers must keep vehicle and trailer registers, share copies in some cases, and allow authorised officers to inspect the licensing register.

The Minister may make regulations for re-registration of motor vehicles or trailers after at least 10 years, and people holding a registration book must surrender it to the Licensing officer when re-registration happens.

Courts must accept certain certified register extracts and vehicle registration documents as prima facie evidence when produced by any person without further proof.

Importing or acquiring a motor vehicle triggers clearance steps, including declarations, inspections, and certificates, and non-compliance is an offence.

Vehicles and trailers generally must be registered before use, and owners must apply for registration promptly after ownership changes.

A person selling, delivering, transferring, or receiving a motor vehicle must provide the required sale or change-of-ownership document at the time of the transaction.

This section requires prompt written notification and document handover when ownership of a motor vehicle or trailer changes, and sets special rules for death and unlawful seizure cases.

A claimed absolute owner may ask the licensing officer to record their name, and the licensing officer must investigate and decide whether to enter or refuse the entry.

The Director or a licensing officer may require vehicle owners, dealers, and builders to provide weight and dimension information, and failure to comply or giving false information is an offence.

A new owner of an unregistered or unlicensed motor vehicle or trailer may apply for temporary registration cards, and the licensing officer issues them only if the fee is paid and the required insurance is in place.

Temporary registration cards must specify particulars prescribed by law.

When issuing temporary cards, the licensing officer must endorse the prescribed particulars on the related application form.

A motor vehicle or trailer is treated as registered and licenced, and as having a registration document issued, if valid temporary registration cards are attached in the prescribed position.

This section lets licensing officers and vehicle examiners inspect vehicles or trailers, require defects to be fixed, charge the prescribed fee, and prohibit use if needed for safety.

The Minister can make regulations about vehicle examinations and test certificates; if a certificate is refused, the examiner must notify the person, and the person may appeal to the Director within 30 days.

A vehicle examiner’s certificate may be used as evidence that the vehicle or trailer complies with the Act or regulations, and it is prima facie evidence of the stated facts or opinions.

Using a road vehicle or trailer without a test certificate within the required period is an offence, and the vehicle may be impounded if no test certificate is displayed.

For motor vehicles or trailers covered by Part IX, subsections (2) to (6) of section 20, section 21, and section 23 do not apply.

If a motor vehicle or trailer is broken up, destroyed, or permanently taken out of Zambia, the owner must notify the district licensing officer and hand over the registration document within 14 days. The licensing officer may then reassign the registration mark, and may cancel registration after three years without licensing or exemption.

Certain motor vehicles and trailers are exempt from registration.

Vehicles must display and keep their registration mark and number as prescribed, and towing vehicles must also show the mark on the trailer in the prescribed position.

A person who manufactures registration marks and number plates without serial numbers must get a permit from the Director and follow any terms and conditions the Director sets.

Drivers and owners can commit an offence if required registration marks become obscured or hard to distinguish, and a person knowingly using a false registration mark also commits an offence.

You must not use, or allow use of, a motor vehicle or trailer on a road unless it has a valid licence, and you must not use it in a way that breaks the licence conditions.

Vehicle licences for non-motor vehicles and trailers must be in the prescribed form and issued by a licensing officer. Applicants must use the prescribed form and provide prescribed particulars, and duplicate licences may be issued if the original is lost or destroyed and the prescribed fee is paid.

A vehicle licence other than one for a motor vehicle or trailer is valid from the date it is issued until the next stated December date.

The owner of a non-motor vehicle or trailer must keep the issued licence or token attached in a visible place while it is valid. If the licence or token is lost, a replacement may be issued on payment of the prescribed fee.

A person who transfers ownership of a vehicle other than a motor vehicle or trailer must, within 14 days, give the licence to the licensing officer and tell the officer in writing the transferee’s name and address.

An application to license a motor vehicle or trailer must use a prescribed form if one exists; if not, it may be made in person or by letter.

The licensing officer must issue motor vehicle and trailer licences when application is made, subject to this Part, and must record the prescribed particulars on the licence.

A licensing officer must not issue or renew a motor vehicle or trailer licence unless the registration or register-check condition is met.

If a vehicle licence is used for an unauthorised purpose or the vehicle is altered so a different tax rate applies, the licence becomes void and a new licence must be applied for after surrendering the old one.

A motor vehicle or trailer licence is effective from its issue date until the end of the relevant licence period.

The Director may suspend or refuse renewal of a vehicle or trailer licence if the vehicle is dangerous or defects are not remedied; the owner may appeal to the Minister within 30 days.

If a motor vehicle or trailer licence is lost, defaced, mutilated, or illegible, the licensing officer must issue a duplicate licence when the prescribed fee is paid.

Licence taxes are payable at set rates, and certain licence holders can get a refund if they cancel and surrender the licence.

Vehicle or trailer licences must be carried on the vehicle in the prescribed way while the vehicle is in use, with limited exceptions; motor vehicles or trailers may be inspected on demand by specified enforcement officers.

Any person who makes, keeps, or attaches a false licence or token to a vehicle, or attaches a licence/token to the wrong vehicle, commits an offence.

A licensing officer may issue a motor dealer's vehicle licence to a dealer or manufacturer who applies in the prescribed form, if the stated tax and other conditions are met.

A motor dealer's vehicle licence allows limited use of a motor vehicle or trailer for delivery, testing, sale purposes, or other prescribed purposes, but not for carrying passengers or goods for hire or reward.

The licensing officer must assign identification numbers, and if prescribed, discs or other tokens, for vehicles and trailers used under a motor dealer’s vehicle licence.

A motor dealer’s vehicle licence stays valid from the date it is granted until the next 31 December, unless the dealer stops doing business in the district where it was issued.

A fee must be charged for each separate identification number included in a motor dealer’s vehicle licence.

If the holder of a motor dealer’s vehicle licence is convicted of an offence under the Act or related regulations, the court may cancel the licence in addition to any other penalty.

A motor dealer's vehicle licence must not be used for purposes not allowed by the Act, and a motor vehicle or trailer used under that licence must be accompanied by the licence holder or someone the holder authorises.

A licensing officer may issue a farm vehicle licence to an applying farmer, subject to tax and other prescribed conditions.

A person must not hire out a contract car unless its licence has been inscribed as valid for a contract car, and the licence must not be used on any other vehicle.

Revenues collected under this Act must be paid into the general revenues of the Republic and the Road Fund, in a proportion set by the Minister responsible for finance.

This section says the Part does not apply to several categories of vehicles and trailers.

A person may drive a motor vehicle only if they hold a licence for that vehicle class, and anyone who permits or employs an unlicensed driver on a road also commits an offence.

A driving licence must not be granted unless the applicant satisfies the Director in one of the ways listed.

On review, a court may decide whether a driving competence test was properly conducted and may make follow-up orders if it was not.

Applications for driving licences, duplicate licences, renewals, and extensions must be made to the licensing officer, and section (2) says they are made to the Agency. Applicants must follow prescribed conditions and declarations, and the licensing officer or Director may issue, renew, or extend licences on payment of the prescribed fee.

A driving examiner must conduct the driving test, and test-takers must follow conditions set by the Agency with the Minister’s approval.

This section lets a licensing officer issue a provisional driving licence, but the applicant must pass a prescribed theory test and follow supervision and passenger restrictions.

A licensing officer must not issue a provisional driving licence unless the applicant can certify the required fitness and must require a satisfactory medical certificate before issuing it.

Driving licences and provisional driving licences are valid only for the vehicle classes shown on the licence unless they are valid for all classes; they can be extended to other classes by endorsement and fee, and passing a specified test can entitle an applicant to endorsement.

This section sets minimum ages and experience requirements for getting a driving licence or provisional driving licence for different vehicle types, and says a licence obtained in breach of the section is void.

A person applying for a driving test must pay the prescribed fee, unless the test is ordered under section 68(1)(c), in which case no fee is payable.

This section lets the Agency and licensing officers control driving-licence forms, photos, replacement, and validity dates; licence holders may also have to provide signatures, thumb marks, and photos.

Fees are payable for driving licences and provisional driving licences, and payment must be made to the licensing officer when the licence is issued.

The Director may revoke certain driving licences or endorsements, require a fresh driving test, and later cancel or vary orders, but must give the licence holder a chance to make representations first.

A person aggrieved by a refusal to issue a driving licence may appeal to the Tribunal within 30 days, and a Tribunal refusal may be appealed to the High Court.

A person may not teach driving for gain or run a driving-teaching establishment unless authorised by a licence issued by the Director.

People applying for specified instructor or driving school licences must apply in the prescribed form, give prescribed particulars to the Director, and the licence process may include competence testing, fact verification, approval or refusal, conditions, prescribed validity periods, and prescribed fees.

If the Director refuses to issue an instructor’s licence, driving school licence, or a variation of conditions, the applicant may appeal to the Tribunal.

An instructor’s licence or driving school licence is personal to the relevant person and cannot be transferred.

The Agency may make regulations, with the Minister’s approval, about inspecting driving-teaching premises and related things, and about licences, appeals, and other licensing controls.

Courts may suspend, cancel, endorse, or disqualify driving licences after certain convictions, and the Director must be informed and record the order.

A person whose driving licence is suspended, cancelled, disqualified, or endorsed may appeal the order. The court may also suspend the order while the appeal is pending.

An offender who has a licence, or later gets one, must produce it to the court for endorsement within the stated time; failing to do so is an offence and the licence is suspended until produced.

A court-suspended driving licence has no effect during the suspension period, and a person disqualified by the court cannot obtain a driving licence during that disqualification period.

A person whose driving licence is suspended or disqualified by a conviction order may apply to court to have it cancelled or removed, but usually only after a waiting period.

The court must cancel an outdated driving-licence disqualification or suspension when the affected person applies.

A person who is disqualified, has a suspended licence, or gets a licence without disclosing a refusal commits an offence and may be fined or imprisoned.

When a new driving licence is issued, details from an old licence must be copied onto it, unless the person already has a right to a licence free from endorsement. A licensing officer or authorised person may also enter those details in an official record book, and the Director may authorise someone to do that.

A person whose licence has been ordered to be endorsed must not apply for or obtain a licence without giving the endorsement details.

A person subject to a licence-endorsement order may get a new licence without endorsement if they apply, pay the specified fee, surrender any substitute licence, and have gone three continuous years without another similar order.

If a licence was endorsed under an earlier order and that endorsement is no longer allowed under the Act, the licence holder is entitled to a new licence without the endorsement, free of cost.

People must not use, or allow the use of, a motor vehicle or trailer on a road unless compliant third-party insurance or security is in force.

A person charged under section 86 is not to be convicted if they prove the vehicle or trailer was not theirs, was not held under hire or loan, was being used in the course of employment, and they did not know there was no compliant insurance or security in force.

Insurance policies must be issued by a registrar-registered insurance company and must provide specified motor-vehicle liability cover, subject to stated exceptions.

A security used for this Part must include an undertaking by the giver to cover specified failures, be approved and deposited with the Agency, and triggers the Agency to issue a certificate of security.

A person with a claim against an insured person may recover directly from the insurer, up to the policy limit.

Insurance policy conditions that cancel liability on specified events are ineffective for claims where the policyholder must be insured; the policy issuer must indemnify the persons named in the policy.

Passenger-carriage contracts in a public service vehicle cannot validly remove or limit liability for passenger death or injury, or add conditions to enforcing that liability.

An insurer that pays a claim for death or bodily injury must also pay the hospital’s reasonably incurred treatment expenses. The Minister may set the payment amount by statutory instrument.

An insurer must give the insured a certificate of insurance for each vehicle or trailer when insurance is issued under this Part.

Drivers, and some suspected drivers, must give their name and address and produce insurance documents when a police officer requires it; after a personal-injury accident, the driver must report it within 24 hours and produce the certificate. Motor vehicle owners must also provide information required by police authorities.

A Customs Officer may refuse entry by road to a motor vehicle or trailer if the officer is not satisfied that the required insurance or security for third-party risks is in force.

False statements made to get an insurance policy can be a criminal offence, and a licensing officer must not issue a motor vehicle or trailer licence or transfer unless the required insurance-related certificate is produced.

If an insurer knows a relevant policy has stopped being effective without the policyholder’s consent, and it did not end because time ran out or because the person died, the insurer must notify the Inspector-General of Police right away.

The Director must hold public sittings to hear and decide road service licence applications and variations, may hold sittings for other purposes, and may vary a licence without a sitting if at least 14 days’ Gazette notice is given and the Director thinks a sitting is unnecessary.

A vehicle may not be used as a public service vehicle for goods carriage without the required road service licence.

The Agency may set conditions for using a station wagon as a taxi cab or public service vehicle, and the Minister may make regulations banning other vehicle types from being used as taxicabs.

Public service vehicles may be used on a road only under a road service licence, with limited licence and permit exceptions.

This section says who is treated as the licence holder for a public service vehicle, bars transfer or assignment of a road service licence except as provided, and makes breaches an offence with fines.

The holder of a road service licence must promptly notify the Director of any material alteration to the structure of fixed equipment of an authorised vehicle, except when the change is only a replacement of parts.

A road service licence holder may temporarily use an unauthorised vehicle in a breakdown or other unforeseeable emergency, must notify the Director within 24 hours, and cannot use it for more than 7 days without the Director’s consent.

The Director may grant or vary road service licences, but must refuse if compliance risks are likely. Applicants and holders must provide required information, and false information can be an offence.

The Director may issue a short-term road service licence, on payment of the prescribed fee and if the stated conditions are met, for up to three months.

A road service licence keeps running after expiry if a non-short-term licence renewal application is pending before the Director, until that application is decided.

This section creates the Road Service Appeal Tribunal and gives the Minister powers to appoint its members, alternate members, and Secretary, regulate its procedure, and determine members’ allowances.

People who qualify may appeal certain licensing decisions to the Tribunal within 30 days, and either party may later appeal a legal issue to the High Court.

Operators of public service vehicles must keep business accounts and records and make prescribed financial and statistical returns; owners must produce those records to the Director on request.

Passenger limits for public service vehicles must be set by a vehicle examiner, displayed on the vehicle and certificate, and excess passengers can trigger offences and fines.

Drivers, owners, and conductors of public service vehicles must not make loud noise, use instruments to attract passengers, or otherwise cause nuisance, annoyance, or inconvenience.

A driver of a public service vehicle must wear a prescribed uniform while on duty.

Rules for public service vehicle drivers and passengers: it bans supplying alcohol or narcotic drugs to an on-duty driver, bans an on-duty driver from buying or consuming alcohol, limits pre-duty drinking, and requires passengers to report contraventions.

Drivers of certain heavy vehicles must not drive for more than the hours prescribed by the Minister on the Agency’s recommendation, or cause others under their control to do so.

Some passenger-fare rules for public service vehicles: issue a ticket after fare payment, repay certain fares on demand, and display and retain passenger lists for long-distance journeys.

Vehicles in this Part need a valid certificate of fitness before road use, and licensing officers cannot issue a licence unless required evidence is produced.

A certificate of fitness must record the matters listed in section 115 and any other prescribed matters, say that the vehicle or trailer is fit for its intended use, and be displayed conspicuously at all times.

A certificate of fitness is valid from the date it comes into force, for 4 months in some vehicle categories and for 12 months in others.

If a vehicle or trailer fails inspection, the vehicle examiner must list the defects, give the owner a copy, and tell the owner when the defects must be fixed and the vehicle reexamined.

A licensing officer may require a vehicle or trailer to be produced for examination if there is reason to suspect it is no longer fit for use, and may stop its use if the order is not obeyed.

A road traffic inspector may inspect vehicles or trailers, stop them for that purpose, and—if a search warrant is obtained—enter premises where they are believed to be kept.

A person generally cannot have a vehicle or trailer re-examined by a different vehicle examiner unless that examiner consents; this is subject to appeal to the Director.

A vehicle examiner’s decision that a vehicle or trailer is fit for use is final; decisions that it is unsafe for use, and certain related orders or directions, can be appealed to the Director within 14 days.

Fees for examination and re-examination are set by regulation; no fee is payable for certain examinations if no defects are found or for examinations under section 126.

The Minister may, on the Agency’s recommendation, exempt vehicles or trailers from this Part’s requirements by statutory order, and may attach safety conditions.

If a person uses, displays, obstructs, fails to stop, or ignores a road traffic inspector’s or vehicle examiner’s direction about a vehicle or trailer under this Part, the person commits an offence.

The Minister may grant an exclusive motor omnibus concession by statutory notice, subject to approval and conditions; local authorities may seek an excision and their own concession in some cases.

A concession holder must give the Director route, stop, fare, and timetable details for a new service at least one month before starting, and must notify the Director without delay of later changes, subject to listed temporary-change exceptions and a consent-based exception.

Generally, only the concession holder may use a motor omnibus on a concession road or area without the holder’s prior consent.

An existing operator may keep running a motor omnibus service if licensed, but must follow the licence conditions and timetable; the Director may change them if the operator’s rights are not reduced.

If an existing operator’s road service licence is revoked and the revocation is not overturned on appeal, the operator loses all rights under that licence and cannot get a new replacement licence under subsection 137.

A road service licence holder may use motor omnibuses on needed parts of concession roads or areas, as determined by the Director, and the Director may revoke the determination or licence if subsection (2) is breached.

While the concession is in force, the concession holder must provide motor omnibus services that adequately and efficiently meet passenger traffic needs on the concession roads or areas, where those services are necessary or desirable in the public interest and can be provided safely without wasteful or unjustifiable expense.

Fees for certain public service vehicles are to be set by regulations.

The Director may act when information or representations suggest a concession holder has failed to provide required motor omnibus services, charged unreasonable fares, used an unsuitable road, run services too often or too rarely, needs a timetable change, or should only pick up or set down passengers at specified points.

A concession holder may carry certain items on a motor omnibus or attached trailer without a road service licence, but may not carry other goods unless covered by a valid road service licence.

If a concession holder makes certain arrangements with another motor omnibus operator, vehicles used under those arrangements are treated as used by the concession holder for section 136.

In an emergency and in the public interest, the President may require a concession holder to hand over its omnibus fleet and related staff and facilities to the Government, with compensation to be agreed or arbitrated.

If a concession is not renewed, the Director must grant a timely application for a road service licence to let the holder keep providing the service, but may refuse or add conditions if the service was run inefficiently and the public interest requires it.

If a concession ends because of later written law, the concession holder may ask the Government in writing to acquire the undertaking, and the Government must do so.

Speed limits for public roads are set by the Minister, and drivers must not exceed the applicable limit.

Drivers of certain emergency or traffic police vehicles may exceed the speed limit while performing their duties, if they drive safely and the vehicle has the required sound device or bell and identification lamp in operation.

A person must not drive a prescribed-class motor vehicle on a public road unless it has a prescribed speed-recording device fitted, and the driver must use that device while driving.

A person who promotes or joins a motor-vehicle race or speed trail on a road commits an offence unless the Inspector-General of Police has consented and any imposed conditions are followed.

A person must not let a motor vehicle travel backwards farther than is necessary for turning or other reasonable purposes.

Drivers must give audible or sufficient warning when needed for public safety or convenience, and vehicles are restricted from using certain audible warning devices in some situations.

Driving a motor vehicle on a road without due care and attention or without reasonable consideration for other road users is an offence.

Driving a motor vehicle recklessly or in a way dangerous to the public is an offence, and inspectors or police may arrest without warrant in listed cases.

A person in charge of a motor vehicle on a road, while not driving and too impaired by alcohol or narcotic drugs to control the vehicle, commits an offence.

A person must not drive or try to drive a motor vehicle on a road while so affected by alcohol or drugs that they cannot properly control it.

People arrested for certain road traffic offences can be required to undergo a medical examination and give blood or urine specimens, and refusal can be an offence.

A person required to provide a breath, blood, or urine specimen may be detained at a police station, but not if there is no likelihood of impaired or over-limit driving; police must also consult a medical practitioner on impairment questions and follow that advice.

Courts may sentence certain convicted persons to community service or week-end imprisonment, with possible fines and related prison procedures.

A person who causes death by reckless or dangerous driving of a motor vehicle on the road commits an offence and may be fined, imprisoned, or both.

A person prosecuted for certain road traffic offences cannot be convicted unless warning or notice-and-summons timing requirements are met, subject to stated exceptions.

Unsafe motor vehicles or trailers must not be used or allowed on the road, and offenders can be fined or arrested.

No person may use or allow a vehicle on a road if its load is insecure or projects in a way that may endanger people; the Minister may make regulations to reduce that danger.

A vehicle driver must not drive from a position without full control of the vehicle and full view of the road and traffic, and must not let anyone sit beside the driver in a way that blocks the driver's view or makes steering or control harder.

A person must not use, cause, or allow a motor vehicle to be used on a road if the occupants, counting the driver, exceed the vehicle’s seating capacity.

People must wear a seat belt when driving or riding in a motor vehicle on a road, unless a listed exemption applies.

Drivers must keep young children out of the front passenger seat and ensure seat belts are used where this section requires it.

Drivers must not use or hold a mobile phone or other communication device while driving on a public road, unless the device is properly affixed or adapted for hands-free use.

People must comply with road traffic sign directions unless a road traffic inspector in uniform or a police officer directs otherwise, and certain emergency or inspector vehicles are exempt in limited situations.

Vehicles on a road must give way to railway locomotives or rolling stock crossing or approaching the road, but only where the crossing has been properly signposted and, at night, meets the stated lighting or visibility conditions.

A school traffic warden may signal a driver to stop when children are crossing or about to cross the road, and the driver must stop and not move the vehicle forward until the sign is no longer shown.

Drivers on public roads must keep to the left side of the carriageway, with limited exceptions, and on dual carriageways slow vehicles go in the outer lane while fast vehicles go in the inner lane.

Drivers must use the left-hand carriageway on divided public roads unless a sign, road traffic inspector, or police officer directs otherwise.

A driver overtaking another vehicle on a public road must pass on the right at a safe distance and stay off the left side until clear, unless the left-side passing exception applies.

A driver entering a roundabout-style junction must give way to traffic coming from the right, unless directed otherwise by a uniformed road traffic inspector, police officer, or traffic sign.

A driver entering a stop-controlled junction must yield to vehicles that arrived first, unless a traffic inspector, police officer, or traffic sign directs otherwise.

Drivers turning left or right on a public road must signal before the turn and follow the specified lane-position and safety rules.

A driver on a public road must stop the vehicle when directed by a uniformed road traffic inspector or police officer, or when requested or signaled by a person leading, riding, or driving an animal or ostrich.

Section 180 bans a range of unsafe vehicle actions on public roads and makes breaches an offence.

Rules for riding and carrying passengers on motorcycles on public roads.

The Minister may make regulations about motorcycle helmet use and helmet standards. Selling or offering for sale a non-compliant protective helmet is an offence.

Pedestrians must obey traffic signals at crossings; drivers must yield to pedestrians in specified crossing situations; pedestrians must not suddenly step into the path of a vehicle that is too close to stop; and drivers must not pass a vehicle stopped to let pedestrians cross.

Pedestrians must stay off the roadway where a footpath exists, use the right side when no footpath exists, check for traffic before crossing, and avoid loitering or dangerous conduct on public roads.

A person must not stop a vehicle on the carriageway of a public road, unless an exception applies.

No person may park a vehicle on a public road in the listed prohibited places or ways.

Certain drivers may stop or park their vehicle at any place when necessary, despite sections 185 and 186.

A stopped vehicle must be placed as far left as possible and must not obstruct traffic; drivers must follow lawful placement instructions from uniformed police or road traffic inspectors or traffic signs.

If a vehicle is disabled, the driver or person in charge must move it off the carriageway as far left as possible. A disabled vehicle barred from the road cannot be disposed of unless the owner gets a certificate from the Agency. Breaches can lead to an offence and penalties.

The Minister may, after consulting the Agency, make regulations by statutory instrument for vehicle removal, disposal, forfeiture, and related protections.

Vehicles left in risky, abandoned, or long-term parked conditions on a public road may be removed, stored, sold, or otherwise disposed of, and no person may leave a vehicle in one place on a public road for more than seven days.

A person who leaves a motor vehicle unattended on a road must stop the engine and take necessary steps to stop it moving.

People must not open, leave open, or drive with open doors on a motor vehicle or trailer on a road in ways that endanger others.

Vehicle owners and drivers must take precautions to stop unnecessary fuel, oil, lubricant, or smoke discharge on roads. Breaches are offences, and certain heavily discharging vehicles may be impounded, with limited testing and diesel-speed exceptions.

The section makes several fuel-safety actions offences, including filling petrol or other inflammable fuel into a vehicle while the engine is running or with a non-electric light on, smoking or using naked lights near fuel being filled, and certain conduct involving public service vehicles.

A person must not sell, supply, or offer a motor vehicle or trailer in a condition that would make its road use unlawful, and doing so can be an offence.

No person may use a vehicle on a road unless it complies with the applicable regulations.

A person must not carry more than one passenger on a two-wheeled motorcycle, and any passenger must ride seated astride on a proper seat behind the driver with feet on the footrests.

This section extends several road traffic rules to people riding animals or driving non-motor vehicles, and sets maximum penalties for certain convictions.

No person may ride a bicycle or tricycle on a public road unless it complies with the applicable regulations, and no person may carry a load or passengers on a two-wheeled vehicle if that would reduce control or block the rider’s view.

A person commits an offence by throwing particles at a vehicle or a person in it, or by throwing a dangerous article from a vehicle.

It is an offence to interfere with, take, drive away, or damage certain vehicles without the required consent or lawful authority.

Most people may not place handbills, leaflets, or similar documents on or in a motor vehicle without the owner’s or person-in-charge’s consent.

People must not ride in unsafe places on motor vehicles or goods vehicles, and carrying goods vehicle riders is restricted unless an exception applies.

A person must not take hold of, stay on, or get onto a motor vehicle or trailer while it is moving on a road, unless they have lawful authority or reasonable cause.