233. (1) The Minister may on the advise of the Agency, by statutory instrument, make regulations in relation to any matter contemplated, required or permitted to be prescribed in terms of this Act, and the power to make regulations conferred by this Act shall be published in the Gazette at least thirty days before the date upon which they shall come into effect. (2) In particular, and without derogating from the generality of the foregoing, the regulations referred to in subsection (1) may be made- (a) prescribing the fees payable for licences and for the various appeals, documents and services in the Second Schedule; (b) prescribing the circumstances under which fees paid may be refunded either wholly or in part; (c) prescribing the allocation of taxes and fees paid, and the rendering of accounts for such taxes and fees; (d) prescribing the form of vehicle and motor vehicle licences, driving licences and their renewals and all other licences, registration documents, certificate of all kinds, the conditions attaching to them and the conditions precedent 240 No. 11 of 20021 Road Traffic to their issue and, where applicable, the periods of their validity, and the manner of displaying the certificates and licences; and regulating the issue of duplicales of licences, registration documents, certificates and other documents specified in this Act; (e) prescribing measures to prevent a person holding illegally more than one licence, registration documents or certificate, and to facilitate the identification of the holders of the same; Cf) regulating the particulars that are to be marked on vehicles, motor vehicle or trailer and the manner in which they are to be displayed or affixed, and prohibiting the display of any registration or distinguishing mark other than that of the country in which such motor vehicle or trailer is regstered and licensed: Provided that the Minister may delegate to theDirector the power to prescribe the letters which shall be used as registration marks on motor vehicles and trailers; (g) providing for the safety of traffic on a public road, including the restriction of the use of any road or part thereof by traffic and the duties of the users of any road; regulating traffic on any road or portion or on any ford, bridge, pontoon or culvert; (h) prescribing the rules of the road, the signals to be given by the drivers of vehicles, and the signals and traffic signs to be observed by such drivers and by pedestrians and for the establishment of crossings on roads for pedestrians; (i) prescribing the maximum speeds permitted for different classes of vehicles in or on different areas and roads or parts of such areas and roads; (j) prohibiting the leaving of vehicles at rest in dangerous positions and the abandoning of vehicles and providing for their removal from roads and road reserves and for the recovely of expenses in this regard; (k) providing for the detention of any vehicle in respect of any contravention or suspected contravention of this Act or any regulation or notice made under it, and providing for the sale of any vehicle so detained which is not claimed within a period of thirty days after the date of detention; I Road Traffic [No. 11 of 2002 241 ( I ) providing for the detention, inspection and disinfection of any vehicle passing through or out of any area in which tsetse fly exists or are suspected to exist; (m) prohibiting sound warnings on specified roads or in specifred areas or parts of such roads or areas either at all times or at specified times; (n) prescribing the construction and equipment of vehicles, motor vehicles and trailers and the conditions under which they may be used on roads, including the prohibition of emblems, mascots or other devices that are liable to be a source of danger to any person on the road or of distraction to the driver or to other road users; (0) prohibition nuisances caused through the emission or discharge of exhaust gas, smoke, fuel, oil, fumes, sparks or other matter from vehicles or, excessive noise caused by the functioning of a vehicle or due to the loading thereof or the use of any accessories or appliances fitted thereto; and prescribing the maximum allowable noise level and method of determining the level of noise caused by a vehicle; (p) regulating the transportation of dangerous goods specified or described in the regulations, their classification, the conditions and requirements to be complied with in the transportation of the goods, and the powers and duties of road traffic inspectors in respect of the transportation of dangerous goods; (q) regulating the towing, pushing or drawing of any vehicle by another vehicle; (r) providing for the operation and control of vehicles on public roads, their construction, equipment, width or tracks, dimensions, weight and use in respect of either chassis and body or chassis, body and load and the conditions on which they may be used. (s) prescribing the width, height, length and other dimensions of vehicles, motor vehicles and trailers, or trains of such and of the loads carried thereby; 242 No. 11 of 20021 Road Trafic (t) providing for the identification of vehicles and, in relation to a motor vehicle, the size, shape, colour and character of the registration mark or number to be displayed thereon and the means to be applied to render the mark or number easily distinguishable; (u) prescribing the width, height and length of any vehicle and the diameter of the wheels and the width, nature and condition of the tyres thereof; (v) prescribing the gross weight of vehicle, motor vehicles and trailers and the maximum weight to be transmitted to the road or any specified area therzof by a vehicle, motor vehicle or trailer of any class or description or by any part or parts of the vehicle or trailer in contact with the road, and prescribing the methods by which the weights shall be determined, and the conditions under which they may be required to be tested; (w) prescribing the number of trailers which may be drawn by a vehicle and the towing of one vehicle by another, and prohibition the operation of any vehicle which is being used to trailers if the combined length of vehicle and trailers exceeds a prescribed limit; / ( x ) prescribing the number of persons who may be carried on vehicles or trailers for the purpose of controlling or attending to them; and prohibiting the carriage of persons on vehicles constructed or designed primarily for the carriage of goods; (y) regulating the number and kinds of lamps and reflectors that are to be carried on vehicles, motor vehicles, trailers and f m implements, prescribing how and when the same shall or shall not be used, prohibiting the use of any lamp or lighting device as may be specified, and prohibiting the sale or letting on hire of bicycles which do not comply with any regulations which may be made regulating the carrying on bicycles of lights, reflectors, reflective clothing and wearing helmets and canying other devices to make cyclists conspicuous at night; (z) regulating and prescribing the number and type of brakes, the affixing of efficient brakes and ensuring that brakes, Road Traffic [No. 11 of 2002 243 steering gear and other parts of a vehicle are maintained in proper working order; (aa) prohibiting the use of any cut-out, fitting or other apparatus or device rendering it possible to open the exhaust of a motor vehicle; providing for efficient silencers, to minirnise noise; prohibiting the unnecessary issue of smoke of fumes, and the unnecessary discharge of fuel, oil, or lubricants; prohibiting nuisances caused by the working of motor vehicles, and prohibiting the use on roads or motor vehicles or trailers which cause excessive noise due to defect, lack of repair, or faulty adjustment or faulty packing of loads on such vehicles or trailers; (bb) regulating the loading of vehicles, motor vehicles and trailers, and the securing of loads so that danger is not caused or is likely to be caused, by reason of the load or part of it falling, or being liable to fall, from the vehicle or trailer; (cc) prohibiting the use on roads of any motor vehicle which is so constructed or loaded that manual signals given by the driver cannot be readily seen from the rear of such vehicle by a person in line with the offside unless it is fitted with an apparatus to enable the driver efficiently to signal the intention of the driver to stop or change direction; (dd) prescribing the methods to be used and appliances to be fitted for signalling the approach of a motor vehicle, for enabling the driver of a motor vehicle to become aware of the approach of another motor vehicle from the rear, for intimating the intended movement of a motor vehicle and for securing that such appliances shall be efficient and kept in proper working order; (ee) providing for the examination on the road or elsewhere, of motor vehicles, either generally or of such classes as may be specified, for the exemption of specified vehicles or classes of vehicle from the need to be examined and for the notification of the result of examinations; (ff) prescribing those vehicles or motor vehicles that may be exempted from the need to be registered or licensed and under what conditions, and the conditions on which motor vehicles registered and licensed in any specified country 244 No. 11 of 20021 Road Traffic outside Zambia may be used within Zambia without being registered or licensed therein or without holding a certificate of fitness; prescribing the driving licenses or permits issued outside Zambia or the military driving licences, or the equivalents of such licences, or permits, that may be deemed to have effect within Zambia as if issued under sectionfifty nine or section sixty-one; (gg) prescribing the procedure to be adopted and the conditions to be observed in connection with the issue of international certificates for motor vehicles and international driving pennits and in connection with the use of such certificates and permits issued elsewhere than in Zambia; (hh) exempting, or empowering prescribed officers to exempt vehicles, motor vehicles and trailers from compliance with the requirement of this Act and of the regulations with regard to constructions and equipment; (ii) prescribing the circumstances in which public service vehicles or any classes thereof shall be exempt from compliance with all or any of the provisions of Part VIII, and under what conditions; OJ) prescribing the construction and equipment for public service vehicles, the method to be adopted to determine the maximum load and the number of passengers that they may carry; prescribing for the safe custody and redelivery or disposal of any property and fixing the charges to be made in respect of thereof; prescribing the circumstances in which and the conditions upon which public service vehicles may be substituted for authorised breakdown or unforeseeable emergency and prescribing the circumstances in which public service vehicle may be temporarily suspended; (kk) prescribing the hours and conditions of service of the drivers of classes of motor vehicles as may be specified, regulating the licensing and conduct of drivers of public service vehicles and of conductors in omnibus, and prescribing the badges to be worn by the drivers and conductors, and regulating the conduct of passengers in passenger-carrying public service vehicles; (11) prescribing the records that are to be kept and the returns that are to be made by persons holding or applying for licences issued under Part VIII of subject to Part IX; Road Traffic [No. 11 of 2002 245 (mm) prescribing the manner in which applications for road service licences, and the grant, revocation or suspension of the licences or the variation of their conditions, are to be published, including period of driving experience for eligibility to obtain public service vehicle licences; (nn) prescribing the means of identifying public service vehicles authorised to be used under road service licences, the period of validity of the means of identification, the particulars that they are to contain, the manner of their display, the fees to be charged for such means of identification and their custody, production, return, and cancellation on expiration, suspension or revocation; (00) prescribing the classes of motor vehicles for which driving licences and provisional driving licences may be valid; (pp) providing for the confiscation of bicycles and for the custody of such bicycles during the period of confiscation; (qq) providing for the licensing, control and inspection of driving schools and of instructors; (rr) prescribing penalties for the breach of any regulation, provided that no such penalty shall exceed a fine of one thousand penalty units or imprisonment for a period of three months; (ss) providing for the form, manner and procedure of appeal authorised under this Act; (tt) prescribing the exclusion of certain specified vehicles from the definition of "motor vehicle" as contained in section two (uu) providing for the amendment of driving licences where the name or address of the holder has been changed and for the keeping of records and registers of driving licences issued, renewed or extended by endorsement; (vv) providing for the production of prescribed documents and of vehicles to driving examiners for the purpose of driving tests, and the procedure to be followed before, during and after such tests and the examiners who may conduct the tests; (ww) prescribing requirements for award of a licence for operating a passenger motor vehicle service, including requirements for validity of motor vehicle insurance, and certificate of road-worthiness for passenger motor vehicle; or 246 No. 11 of 20021 Road Traffic (xx) prescribing req~lirements for health and competence certificates for drivers of passenger motor vehicles; (yy) prescribing any form, process or token which the Minister may, in consultation with the Agency, prescribe for the purposes of this Act and the information to be furnished for the purpose of any such form, process or token; and (zz) prescribing matters necessary or convenient for the better carrying out or giving effect to this Act. (3) The regulations made under this section shall apply to government vehicles.