Canada Judgment

Supreme Court of British Columbia

R. v. Narwal

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court excluded the Crown's statistical and community fact-sheet evidence because it rested on unknown and unproven assumptions, was entitled to little weight, and was unnecessary for assessing general deterrence in sentencing, rendering it inadmissible.

Court disposition

Crown's application to admit the evidence denied; evidence ruled inadmissible

Orders

  • Crown's application to tender evidence of Melanie Boudreau (crime analyst) denied
  • Crown's application to tender fact sheet by Superintendent John Robin and Inspector Kash Heed denied

02

Material facts

Parties

Regina

Crown Counsel: J.C. Bellows, Q.C.; M.A. Huot

Jethinder Singh Narwal

Defendant Counsel: M.A. Nathanson

Amounts and remedies

  • Alleged Percentage Increase in Kidnapping and Extortion Cases (lower Mainland, 2004 2005): 100

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Sentencing / Sentencing Hearing Voir Dire on Admissibility of Evidence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The Crown sought to admit evidence from a crime analyst that kidnapping and extortion offences in the Lower Mainland increased by 100% between 2004 and 2005 and a fact sheet concerning the South Asian community's response to violence, arguing this material was relevant to assessing general deterrence at sentencing.
Respondent
The defense opposed admission on the grounds the material lacked proven foundation and reliability, was of little probative value, and was unnecessary for assessing general deterrence; the evidence risked misleading the court.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    R. v. Narwal, 2006 BCSC 654

    Evidence must be relevant and sufficiently reliable to have probative value for the purpose tendered

  2. 02

    R. v. Narwal, 2006 BCSC 654

    Sentencing principle of general deterrence must be informed by evidence that is necessary and probative; unnecessary or weak evidence may be excluded

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court excluded the Crown's statistical and community fact-sheet evidence because it rested on unknown and unproven assumptions, was entitled to little weight, and was unnecessary for assessing general deterrence in sentencing, rendering it inadmissible.

Obiter and limits

  • Statistical assertions, even if indicative of a trend, do not justify admission where foundation and reliability are lacking
  • Community-focused materials require proper evidentiary foundation to be admissible in sentencing proceedings

Court disposition

Crown's application to admit the evidence denied; evidence ruled inadmissible

  • Crown's application to tender evidence of Melanie Boudreau (crime analyst) denied
  • Crown's application to tender fact sheet by Superintendent John Robin and Inspector Kash Heed denied

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of British Columbia · 28 March 2006

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of British Columbia

Judgment· 28 March 2006

2006 BCSC 654

2006 BCSC 654 R. v. Narwal

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: R. v. Narwal, 2006 BCSC 654 Date: 20060328 Docket: 23482 Registry: Vancouver Regina v. Jethinder Singh Narwal Before: The Honourable Madam Justice Stromberg-Stein Oral Ruling on Admissibility of Evidence of Melanie Boudreau on Voir Dire March 28, 2006 Counsel for the Crown: J.C. Bellows, Q.C. and M.A. Huot Counsel for the Defendant: M.A. Nathanson Place of Trial: Vancouver, B.C. [1] THE COURT: At this sentencing hearing, the Crown seeks to tender evidence from Melanie Boudreau, a crime analyst with the Surrey RCMP, with respect to whether there has been an increase in kidnapping and extortion cases in the Lower Mainland between 2004 and 2005. Her evidence would be that there has been a 100% increase in such crimes in that time frame. [2] In addition, the Crown seeks to tender a fact sheet prepared by Superintendent John Robin and Inspector Kash Heed concerning the South Asian community's response to violence within the South Asian community. [3] The Crown's stated purpose for tendering such evidence is that it could assist the court in relation to assessing the principle of general deterrence in sentencing Mr. Narwal, given the prevalence of such offences in the Lower Mainland. [4] The evidence the Crown seeks to tender, based as it is on unknown and unproven assumptions, would be entitled to little weight. In any event, I conclude that it is unnecessary for the purpose it is tendered; that is, to assess general deterrence. [5] Therefore, I conclude that the evidence the Crown seeks to tender at this sentencing hearing is inadmissible. "S.S. Stromberg-Stein, J." The Honourable Madam Justice S.S. Stromberg-Stein

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