The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal in R. v. Ramelson, holding that Project Raphael was a bona fide online inquiry and did not entrap the appellant.
The Court of Appeal allowed the Crown appeal, held Project Raphael qualified as a bona fide police inquiry into the escorts section of Backpage, concluded the police had reasonable suspicion tied to that virtual space (and it was sufficiently precise and narrowly scoped), and therefore police were permitted to offer the opportunity to commit offences to respondents without individualized reasonable suspicion; accordingly the trial judge erred in staying proceedings for entrapment and the stay was set aside and matter remitted for sentencing.