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Immigration law 2026 FC 280

Islas Orrala v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a RAD decision finding a viable internal flight alternative in Mérida, Mexico, for an applicant family targeted by CJNG.

  • Internal flight alternative
  • Reasonableness review
  • Refugee appeal division
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Internal-flight-alternative
  • Judicial-review
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Immigration law 2026 FC 17

Al-Omari v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a RAD decision, holding that Jordan provided adequate state protection and that the applicant showed no tribal nexus.

  • State protection
  • Reasonableness review
  • Tribal justice
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Exhaustion of state protection
  • State-protection
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Immigration law 2025 FC 1448

Chauhan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed an application for judicial review, upholding the RAD’s finding that the applicant had a viable internal flight alternative in Mumbai, India.

  • Internal flight alternative
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Person in need of protection
  • Reasonableness standard
  • Credibility and evidence assessment
  • Internal-flight-alternative
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Immigration and refugee law 2024 FC 1918

Kaur v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed an application for judicial review of a refugee decision, upholding Article 1E exclusion based on Panamanian status and finding no certified question.

  • Article 1e exclusion
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Surrogate protection
  • Risk assessment
  • Judicial review standard (reasonableness)
  • Judicial-review
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Immigration law 2024 CF 374

Matondo c. Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration)

Contrôle judiciaire rejeté : la Cour fédérale conclut que l’exclusion à l’article 1E s’appliquait, que le risque au Brésil avait été raisonnablement évalué et qu’aucune erreur révisable n’était établie.

  • Article 1e exclusion
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Risk assessment
  • Standard of review - reasonableness
  • Family reunification/third country
  • Article-1e-exclusion
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Immigration law 2023 FC 1526

Singh v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review of a RAD decision upholding an internal flight alternative in Bengaluru for a refugee claimant from India.

  • Internal flight alternative
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Reasonableness review
  • Police persecution
  • Inter-caste marriage violence
  • Internal-flight-alternative
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Immigration law 2023 FC 1150

Sherpa v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed judicial review, finding the RAD reasonably upheld an internal flight alternative in Biratnagar for a Nepalese refugee claimant.

  • Internal flight alternative
  • Standard of review - reasonableness
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Burden of proof
  • Internal-flight-alternative
  • Standard-of-review-reasonableness
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Immigration law 2023 FC 996

Singh v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

The Federal Court dismissed a judicial review of a refugee refusal, finding the RAD reasonably concluded the applicants had a viable internal flight alternative in India.

  • Internal flight alternative
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Section 97 protection
  • Reasonableness standard (vavilov)
  • Burden of proof on claimant
  • Internal-flight-alternative
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Immigration law 2023 RLLR 130

2023 RLLR 130

The Panel accepted the principal claimant's credible, corroborated testimony and objective country documentation showing state agents commit arbitrary arrests, harsh detention and violence; the state is the agent of persecution and cannot protect the claimants, internal flight is not reasonable, and there is a nexus to political opinion for the principal claimant and to family membership for the others; therefore the claimants are Convention refugees and their claims are accepted.

  • Convention refugee definition
  • State protection
  • Internal flight alternative
  • Nexus to political opinion
  • Credibility assessment
  • Detention and prison conditions
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Immigration and refugee law VC2-08423

VC2-08423

On the evidence and on a balance of probabilities the appellant failed to prove the absence of a viable IFA: Punjab police lack motivation and credible cause to pursue him nationally and likely did not register him in national databases; caste-based discrimination does not amount to persecution for this appellant; therefore Bengaluru and Mumbai are viable IFAs and the appellant is not a Convention refugee nor a person in need of protection.

  • Internal flight alternative
  • Convention refugee definition
  • Caste discrimination
  • Country condition evidence
  • Standard of review
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Canada decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.